/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
/* Copyright (c) 2011-2014 PLUMgrid, http://plumgrid.com
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */
#ifndef __LINUX_BPF_H__
#define __LINUX_BPF_H__

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/bpf_common.h>

/* Extended instruction set based on top of classic BPF */

/* instruction classes */
#define BPF_JMP32       0x06    /* jmp mode in word width */
#define BPF_ALU64       0x07    /* alu mode in double word width */

/* ld/ldx fields */
#define BPF_DW          0x18    /* double word (64-bit) */
#define BPF_ATOMIC      0xc0    /* atomic memory ops - op type in immediate */
#define BPF_XADD        0xc0    /* exclusive add - legacy name */

/* alu/jmp fields */
#define BPF_MOV         0xb0    /* mov reg to reg */
#define BPF_ARSH        0xc0    /* sign extending arithmetic shift right */

/* change endianness of a register */
#define BPF_END         0xd0    /* flags for endianness conversion: */
#define BPF_TO_LE       0x00    /* convert to little-endian */
#define BPF_TO_BE       0x08    /* convert to big-endian */
#define BPF_FROM_LE     BPF_TO_LE
#define BPF_FROM_BE     BPF_TO_BE

/* jmp encodings */
#define BPF_JNE         0x50    /* jump != */
#define BPF_JLT         0xa0    /* LT is unsigned, '<' */
#define BPF_JLE         0xb0    /* LE is unsigned, '<=' */
#define BPF_JSGT        0x60    /* SGT is signed '>', GT in x86 */
#define BPF_JSGE        0x70    /* SGE is signed '>=', GE in x86 */
#define BPF_JSLT        0xc0    /* SLT is signed, '<' */
#define BPF_JSLE        0xd0    /* SLE is signed, '<=' */
#define BPF_CALL        0x80    /* function call */
#define BPF_EXIT        0x90    /* function return */

/* atomic op type fields (stored in immediate) */
#define BPF_FETCH       0x01    /* not an opcode on its own, used to build others */
#define BPF_XCHG        (0xe0 | BPF_FETCH)      /* atomic exchange */
#define BPF_CMPXCHG     (0xf0 | BPF_FETCH)      /* atomic compare-and-write */

/* Register numbers */
enum {
        BPF_REG_0 = 0,
        BPF_REG_1,
        BPF_REG_2,
        BPF_REG_3,
        BPF_REG_4,
        BPF_REG_5,
        BPF_REG_6,
        BPF_REG_7,
        BPF_REG_8,
        BPF_REG_9,
        BPF_REG_10,
        __MAX_BPF_REG,
};

/* BPF has 10 general purpose 64-bit registers and stack frame. */
#define MAX_BPF_REG     __MAX_BPF_REG

struct bpf_insn {
        __u8    code;           /* opcode */
        __u8    dst_reg:4;      /* dest register */
        __u8    src_reg:4;      /* source register */
        __s16   off;            /* signed offset */
        __s32   imm;            /* signed immediate constant */
};

/* Key of an a BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE entry */
struct bpf_lpm_trie_key {
        __u32   prefixlen;      /* up to 32 for AF_INET, 128 for AF_INET6 */
        __u8    data[0];        /* Arbitrary size */
};

struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key {
        __u64   cgroup_inode_id;        /* cgroup inode id */
        __u32   attach_type;            /* program attach type (enum bpf_attach_type) */
};

union bpf_iter_link_info {
        struct {
                __u32   map_fd;
        } map;
};

/* BPF syscall commands, see bpf(2) man-page for more details. */
/**
 * DOC: eBPF Syscall Preamble
 *
 * The operation to be performed by the **bpf**\ () system call is determined
 * by the *cmd* argument. Each operation takes an accompanying argument,
 * provided via *attr*, which is a pointer to a union of type *bpf_attr* (see
 * below). The size argument is the size of the union pointed to by *attr*.
 */
/**
 * DOC: eBPF Syscall Commands
 *
 * BPF_MAP_CREATE
 *      Description
 *              Create a map and return a file descriptor that refers to the
 *              map. The close-on-exec file descriptor flag (see **fcntl**\ (2))
 *              is automatically enabled for the new file descriptor.
 *
 *              Applying **close**\ (2) to the file descriptor returned by
 *              **BPF_MAP_CREATE** will delete the map (but see NOTES).
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Look up an element with a given *key* in the map referred to
 *              by the file descriptor *map_fd*.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument may be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up the value of a spin-locked map without
 *                      returning the lock. This must be specified if the
 *                      elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Create or update an element (key/value pair) in a specified map.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument should be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      Create a new element or update an existing element.
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      Create a new element only if it did not exist.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      Update an existing element.
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Update a spin_lock-ed map element.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **EINVAL**, **EPERM**, **ENOMEM**,
 *              **E2BIG**, **EEXIST**, or **ENOENT**.
 *
 *              **E2BIG**
 *                      The number of elements in the map reached the
 *                      *max_entries* limit specified at map creation time.
 *              **EEXIST**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_NOEXIST** and the element
 *                      with *key* already exists in the map.
 *              **ENOENT**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_EXIST** and the element with
 *                      *key* does not exist in the map.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Look up and delete an element by key in a specified map.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY
 *      Description
 *              Look up an element by key in a specified map and return the key
 *              of the next element. Can be used to iterate over all elements
 *              in the map.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              The following cases can be used to iterate over all elements of
 *              the map:
 *
 *              * If *key* is not found, the operation returns zero and sets
 *                the *next_key* pointer to the key of the first element.
 *              * If *key* is found, the operation returns zero and sets the
 *                *next_key* pointer to the key of the next element.
 *              * If *key* is the last element, returns -1 and *errno* is set
 *                to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **ENOMEM**, **EFAULT**, **EPERM**, or
 *              **EINVAL** on error.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_LOAD
 *      Description
 *              Verify and load an eBPF program, returning a new file
 *              descriptor associated with the program.
 *
 *              Applying **close**\ (2) to the file descriptor returned by
 *              **BPF_PROG_LOAD** will unload the eBPF program (but see NOTES).
 *
 *              The close-on-exec file descriptor flag (see **fcntl**\ (2)) is
 *              automatically enabled for the new file descriptor.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_OBJ_PIN
 *      Description
 *              Pin an eBPF program or map referred by the specified *bpf_fd*
 *              to the provided *pathname* on the filesystem.
 *
 *              The *pathname* argument must not contain a dot (".").
 *
 *              On success, *pathname* retains a reference to the eBPF object,
 *              preventing deallocation of the object when the original
 *              *bpf_fd* is closed. This allow the eBPF object to live beyond
 *              **close**\ (\ *bpf_fd*\ ), and hence the lifetime of the parent
 *              process.
 *
 *              Applying **unlink**\ (2) or similar calls to the *pathname*
 *              unpins the object from the filesystem, removing the reference.
 *              If no other file descriptors or filesystem nodes refer to the
 *              same object, it will be deallocated (see NOTES).
 *
 *              The filesystem type for the parent directory of *pathname* must
 *              be **BPF_FS_MAGIC**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_OBJ_GET
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF object pinned to the
 *              specified *pathname*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_PROG_ATTACH
 *      Description
 *              Attach an eBPF program to a *target_fd* at the specified
 *              *attach_type* hook.
 *
 *              The *attach_type* specifies the eBPF attachment point to
 *              attach the program to, and must be one of *bpf_attach_type*
 *              (see below).
 *
 *              The *attach_bpf_fd* must be a valid file descriptor for a
 *              loaded eBPF program of a cgroup, flow dissector, LIRC, sockmap
 *              or sock_ops type corresponding to the specified *attach_type*.
 *
 *              The *target_fd* must be a valid file descriptor for a kernel
 *              object which depends on the attach type of *attach_bpf_fd*:
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**
 *
 *                      Control Group v2 hierarchy with the eBPF controller
 *                      enabled. Requires the kernel to be compiled with
 *                      **CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR**
 *
 *                      Network namespace (eg /proc/self/ns/net).
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2**
 *
 *                      LIRC device path (eg /dev/lircN). Requires the kernel
 *                      to be compiled with **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG**
 *
 *                      eBPF map of socket type (eg **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH**).
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_DETACH
 *      Description
 *              Detach the eBPF program associated with the *target_fd* at the
 *              hook specified by *attach_type*. The program must have been
 *              previously attached using **BPF_PROG_ATTACH**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN
 *      Description
 *              Run the eBPF program associated with the *prog_fd* a *repeat*
 *              number of times against a provided program context *ctx_in* and
 *              data *data_in*, and return the modified program context
 *              *ctx_out*, *data_out* (for example, packet data), result of the
 *              execution *retval*, and *duration* of the test run.
 *
 *              The sizes of the buffers provided as input and output
 *              parameters *ctx_in*, *ctx_out*, *data_in*, and *data_out* must
 *              be provided in the corresponding variables *ctx_size_in*,
 *              *ctx_size_out*, *data_size_in*, and/or *data_size_out*. If any
 *              of these parameters are not provided (ie set to NULL), the
 *              corresponding size field must be zero.
 *
 *              Some program types have particular requirements:
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP**
 *                      *data_in* and *data_out* must be NULL.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE**
 *
 *                      *ctx_out*, *data_in* and *data_out* must be NULL.
 *                      *repeat* must be zero.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              **ENOSPC**
 *                      Either *data_size_out* or *ctx_size_out* is too small.
 *              **ENOTSUPP**
 *                      This command is not supported by the program type of
 *                      the program referred to by *prog_fd*.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next eBPF program currently loaded into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the eBPF program with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other eBPF programs
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next eBPF map currently loaded into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the eBPF map with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other eBPF maps
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF program corresponding to
 *              *prog_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF map corresponding to
 *              *map_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD
 *      Description
 *              Obtain information about the eBPF object corresponding to
 *              *bpf_fd*.
 *
 *              Populates up to *info_len* bytes of *info*, which will be in
 *              one of the following formats depending on the eBPF object type
 *              of *bpf_fd*:
 *
 *              * **struct bpf_prog_info**
 *              * **struct bpf_map_info**
 *              * **struct bpf_btf_info**
 *              * **struct bpf_link_info**
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_QUERY
 *      Description
 *              Obtain information about eBPF programs associated with the
 *              specified *attach_type* hook.
 *
 *              The *target_fd* must be a valid file descriptor for a kernel
 *              object which depends on the attach type of *attach_bpf_fd*:
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**
 *
 *                      Control Group v2 hierarchy with the eBPF controller
 *                      enabled. Requires the kernel to be compiled with
 *                      **CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR**
 *
 *                      Network namespace (eg /proc/self/ns/net).
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2**
 *
 *                      LIRC device path (eg /dev/lircN). Requires the kernel
 *                      to be compiled with **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_QUERY** always fetches the number of programs
 *              attached and the *attach_flags* which were used to attach those
 *              programs. Additionally, if *prog_ids* is nonzero and the number
 *              of attached programs is less than *prog_cnt*, populates
 *              *prog_ids* with the eBPF program ids of the programs attached
 *              at *target_fd*.
 *
 *              The following flags may alter the result:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE**
 *                      Only return information regarding programs which are
 *                      currently effective at the specified *target_fd*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN
 *      Description
 *              Attach an eBPF program to a tracepoint *name* to access kernel
 *              internal arguments of the tracepoint in their raw form.
 *
 *              The *prog_fd* must be a valid file descriptor associated with
 *              a loaded eBPF program of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT**.
 *
 *              No ABI guarantees are made about the content of tracepoint
 *              arguments exposed to the corresponding eBPF program.
 *
 *              Applying **close**\ (2) to the file descriptor returned by
 *              **BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN** will delete the map (but see NOTES).
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_BTF_LOAD
 *      Description
 *              Verify and load BPF Type Format (BTF) metadata into the kernel,
 *              returning a new file descriptor associated with the metadata.
 *              BTF is described in more detail at
 *              https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/bpf/btf.html.
 *
 *              The *btf* parameter must point to valid memory providing
 *              *btf_size* bytes of BTF binary metadata.
 *
 *              The returned file descriptor can be passed to other **bpf**\ ()
 *              subcommands such as **BPF_PROG_LOAD** or **BPF_MAP_CREATE** to
 *              associate the BTF with those objects.
 *
 *              Similar to **BPF_PROG_LOAD**, **BPF_BTF_LOAD** has optional
 *              parameters to specify a *btf_log_buf*, *btf_log_size* and
 *              *btf_log_level* which allow the kernel to return freeform log
 *              output regarding the BTF verification process.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the BPF Type Format (BTF)
 *              corresponding to *btf_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_TASK_FD_QUERY
 *      Description
 *              Obtain information about eBPF programs associated with the
 *              target process identified by *pid* and *fd*.
 *
 *              If the *pid* and *fd* are associated with a tracepoint, kprobe
 *              or uprobe perf event, then the *prog_id* and *fd_type* will
 *              be populated with the eBPF program id and file descriptor type
 *              of type **bpf_task_fd_type**. If associated with a kprobe or
 *              uprobe, the  *probe_offset* and *probe_addr* will also be
 *              populated. Optionally, if *buf* is provided, then up to
 *              *buf_len* bytes of *buf* will be populated with the name of
 *              the tracepoint, kprobe or uprobe.
 *
 *              The resulting *prog_id* may be introspected in deeper detail
 *              using **BPF_PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID** and **BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Look up an element with the given *key* in the map referred to
 *              by the file descriptor *fd*, and if found, delete the element.
 *
 *              For **BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE** and **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK** map
 *              types, the *flags* argument needs to be set to 0, but for other
 *              map types, it may be specified as:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up and delete the value of a spin-locked map
 *                      without returning the lock. This must be specified if
 *                      the elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *              The **BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE** and **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK** map types
 *              implement this command as a "pop" operation, deleting the top
 *              element rather than one corresponding to *key*.
 *              The *key* and *key_len* parameters should be zeroed when
 *              issuing this operation for these map types.
 *
 *              This command is only valid for the following map types:
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_PERCPU_HASH**
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_FREEZE
 *      Description
 *              Freeze the permissions of the specified map.
 *
 *              Write permissions may be frozen by passing zero *flags*.
 *              Upon success, no future syscall invocations may alter the
 *              map state of *map_fd*. Write operations from eBPF programs
 *              are still possible for a frozen map.
 *
 *              Not supported for maps of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_BTF_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next BPF Type Format (BTF) object currently loaded
 *              into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the BTF object with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other BTF objects
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Iterate and fetch multiple elements in a map.
 *
 *              Two opaque values are used to manage batch operations,
 *              *in_batch* and *out_batch*. Initially, *in_batch* must be set
 *              to NULL to begin the batched operation. After each subsequent
 *              **BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH**, the caller should pass the resultant
 *              *out_batch* as the *in_batch* for the next operation to
 *              continue iteration from the current point.
 *
 *              The *keys* and *values* are output parameters which must point
 *              to memory large enough to hold *count* items based on the key
 *              and value size of the map *map_fd*. The *keys* buffer must be
 *              of *key_size* * *count*. The *values* buffer must be of
 *              *value_size* * *count*.
 *
 *              The *elem_flags* argument may be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up the value of a spin-locked map without
 *                      returning the lock. This must be specified if the
 *                      elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *              On success, *count* elements from the map are copied into the
 *              user buffer, with the keys copied into *keys* and the values
 *              copied into the corresponding indices in *values*.
 *
 *              If an error is returned and *errno* is not **EFAULT**, *count*
 *              is set to the number of successfully processed elements.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **ENOSPC** to indicate that *keys* or
 *              *values* is too small to dump an entire bucket during
 *              iteration of a hash-based map type.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Iterate and delete all elements in a map.
 *
 *              This operation has the same behavior as
 *              **BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH** with two exceptions:
 *
 *              * Every element that is successfully returned is also deleted
 *                from the map. This is at least *count* elements. Note that
 *                *count* is both an input and an output parameter.
 *              * Upon returning with *errno* set to **EFAULT**, up to
 *                *count* elements may be deleted without returning the keys
 *                and values of the deleted elements.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_UPDATE_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Update multiple elements in a map by *key*.
 *
 *              The *keys* and *values* are input parameters which must point
 *              to memory large enough to hold *count* items based on the key
 *              and value size of the map *map_fd*. The *keys* buffer must be
 *              of *key_size* * *count*. The *values* buffer must be of
 *              *value_size* * *count*.
 *
 *              Each element specified in *keys* is sequentially updated to the
 *              value in the corresponding index in *values*. The *in_batch*
 *              and *out_batch* parameters are ignored and should be zeroed.
 *
 *              The *elem_flags* argument should be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      Create new elements or update a existing elements.
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      Create new elements only if they do not exist.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      Update existing elements.
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Update spin_lock-ed map elements. This must be
 *                      specified if the map value contains a spinlock.
 *
 *              On success, *count* elements from the map are updated.
 *
 *              If an error is returned and *errno* is not **EFAULT**, *count*
 *              is set to the number of successfully processed elements.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **EINVAL**, **EPERM**, **ENOMEM**, or
 *              **E2BIG**. **E2BIG** indicates that the number of elements in
 *              the map reached the *max_entries* limit specified at map
 *              creation time.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to one of the following error codes under
 *              specific circumstances:
 *
 *              **EEXIST**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_NOEXIST** and the element
 *                      with *key* already exists in the map.
 *              **ENOENT**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_EXIST** and the element with
 *                      *key* does not exist in the map.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_DELETE_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Delete multiple elements in a map by *key*.
 *
 *              The *keys* parameter is an input parameter which must point
 *              to memory large enough to hold *count* items based on the key
 *              size of the map *map_fd*, that is, *key_size* * *count*.
 *
 *              Each element specified in *keys* is sequentially deleted. The
 *              *in_batch*, *out_batch*, and *values* parameters are ignored
 *              and should be zeroed.
 *
 *              The *elem_flags* argument may be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up the value of a spin-locked map without
 *                      returning the lock. This must be specified if the
 *                      elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *              On success, *count* elements from the map are updated.
 *
 *              If an error is returned and *errno* is not **EFAULT**, *count*
 *              is set to the number of successfully processed elements. If
 *              *errno* is **EFAULT**, up to *count* elements may be been
 *              deleted.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_LINK_CREATE
 *      Description
 *              Attach an eBPF program to a *target_fd* at the specified
 *              *attach_type* hook and return a file descriptor handle for
 *              managing the link.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_LINK_UPDATE
 *      Description
 *              Update the eBPF program in the specified *link_fd* to
 *              *new_prog_fd*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_LINK_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF Link corresponding to
 *              *link_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_LINK_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next eBPF link currently loaded into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the eBPF link with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other eBPF links
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_ENABLE_STATS
 *      Description
 *              Enable eBPF runtime statistics gathering.
 *
 *              Runtime statistics gathering for the eBPF runtime is disabled
 *              by default to minimize the corresponding performance overhead.
 *              This command enables statistics globally.
 *
 *              Multiple programs may independently enable statistics.
 *              After gathering the desired statistics, eBPF runtime statistics
 *              may be disabled again by calling **close**\ (2) for the file
 *              descriptor returned by this function. Statistics will only be
 *              disabled system-wide when all outstanding file descriptors
 *              returned by prior calls for this subcommand are closed.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_ITER_CREATE
 *      Description
 *              Create an iterator on top of the specified *link_fd* (as
 *              previously created using **BPF_LINK_CREATE**) and return a
 *              file descriptor that can be used to trigger the iteration.
 *
 *              If the resulting file descriptor is pinned to the filesystem
 *              using  **BPF_OBJ_PIN**, then subsequent **read**\ (2) syscalls
 *              for that path will trigger the iterator to read kernel state
 *              using the eBPF program attached to *link_fd*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_LINK_DETACH
 *      Description
 *              Forcefully detach the specified *link_fd* from its
 *              corresponding attachment point.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP
 *      Description
 *              Bind a map to the lifetime of an eBPF program.
 *
 *              The map identified by *map_fd* is bound to the program
 *              identified by *prog_fd* and only released when *prog_fd* is
 *              released. This may be used in cases where metadata should be
 *              associated with a program which otherwise does not contain any
 *              references to the map (for example, embedded in the eBPF
 *              program instructions).
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * NOTES
 *      eBPF objects (maps and programs) can be shared between processes.
 *
 *      * After **fork**\ (2), the child inherits file descriptors
 *        referring to the same eBPF objects.
 *      * File descriptors referring to eBPF objects can be transferred over
 *        **unix**\ (7) domain sockets.
 *      * File descriptors referring to eBPF objects can be duplicated in the
 *        usual way, using **dup**\ (2) and similar calls.
 *      * File descriptors referring to eBPF objects can be pinned to the
 *        filesystem using the **BPF_OBJ_PIN** command of **bpf**\ (2).
 *
 *      An eBPF object is deallocated only after all file descriptors referring
 *      to the object have been closed and no references remain pinned to the
 *      filesystem or attached (for example, bound to a program or device).
 */
enum bpf_cmd {
        BPF_MAP_CREATE,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY,
        BPF_PROG_LOAD,
        BPF_OBJ_PIN,
        BPF_OBJ_GET,
        BPF_PROG_ATTACH,
        BPF_PROG_DETACH,
        BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN,
        BPF_PROG_RUN = BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN,
        BPF_PROG_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD,
        BPF_PROG_QUERY,
        BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN,
        BPF_BTF_LOAD,
        BPF_BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_TASK_FD_QUERY,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_FREEZE,
        BPF_BTF_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH,
        BPF_MAP_UPDATE_BATCH,
        BPF_MAP_DELETE_BATCH,
        BPF_LINK_CREATE,
        BPF_LINK_UPDATE,
        BPF_LINK_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_LINK_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_ENABLE_STATS,
        BPF_ITER_CREATE,
        BPF_LINK_DETACH,
        BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP,
};

enum bpf_map_type {
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_UNSPEC,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_PERCPU_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_CPUMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_REUSEPORT_SOCKARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_INODE_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_TASK_STORAGE,
};

/* Note that tracing related programs such as
 * BPF_PROG_TYPE_{KPROBE,TRACEPOINT,PERF_EVENT,RAW_TRACEPOINT}
 * are not subject to a stable API since kernel internal data
 * structures can change from release to release and may
 * therefore break existing tracing BPF programs. Tracing BPF
 * programs correspond to /a/ specific kernel which is to be
 * analyzed, and not /a/ specific kernel /and/ all future ones.
 */
enum bpf_prog_type {
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_REUSEPORT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SYSCALL, /* a program that can execute syscalls */
};

enum bpf_attach_type {
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE,
        BPF_CGROUP_SOCK_OPS,
        BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER,
        BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT,
        BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE,
        BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_POST_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_POST_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG,
        BPF_LIRC_MODE2,
        BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR,
        BPF_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG,
        BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT,
        BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT,
        BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP,
        BPF_TRACE_FENTRY,
        BPF_TRACE_FEXIT,
        BPF_MODIFY_RETURN,
        BPF_LSM_MAC,
        BPF_TRACE_ITER,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_GETPEERNAME,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_GETPEERNAME,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_GETSOCKNAME,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_GETSOCKNAME,
        BPF_XDP_DEVMAP,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE,
        BPF_XDP_CPUMAP,
        BPF_SK_LOOKUP,
        BPF_XDP,
        BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT,
        BPF_SK_REUSEPORT_SELECT,
        BPF_SK_REUSEPORT_SELECT_OR_MIGRATE,
        BPF_PERF_EVENT,
        __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE
};

#define MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE

enum bpf_link_type {
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_UNSPEC = 0,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT = 1,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_TRACING = 2,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_CGROUP = 3,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_ITER = 4,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_NETNS = 5,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_XDP = 6,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_PERF_EVENT = 7,

        MAX_BPF_LINK_TYPE,
};

/* cgroup-bpf attach flags used in BPF_PROG_ATTACH command
 *
 * NONE(default): No further bpf programs allowed in the subtree.
 *
 * BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE: If a sub-cgroup installs some bpf program,
 * the program in this cgroup yields to sub-cgroup program.
 *
 * BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI: If a sub-cgroup installs some bpf program,
 * that cgroup program gets run in addition to the program in this cgroup.
 *
 * Only one program is allowed to be attached to a cgroup with
 * NONE or BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE flag.
 * Attaching another program on top of NONE or BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE will
 * release old program and attach the new one. Attach flags has to match.
 *
 * Multiple programs are allowed to be attached to a cgroup with
 * BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI flag. They are executed in FIFO order
 * (those that were attached first, run first)
 * The programs of sub-cgroup are executed first, then programs of
 * this cgroup and then programs of parent cgroup.
 * When children program makes decision (like picking TCP CA or sock bind)
 * parent program has a chance to override it.
 *
 * With BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI a new program is added to the end of the list of
 * programs for a cgroup. Though it's possible to replace an old program at
 * any position by also specifying BPF_F_REPLACE flag and position itself in
 * replace_bpf_fd attribute. Old program at this position will be released.
 *
 * A cgroup with MULTI or OVERRIDE flag allows any attach flags in sub-cgroups.
 * A cgroup with NONE doesn't allow any programs in sub-cgroups.
 * Ex1:
 * cgrp1 (MULTI progs A, B) ->
 *    cgrp2 (OVERRIDE prog C) ->
 *      cgrp3 (MULTI prog D) ->
 *        cgrp4 (OVERRIDE prog E) ->
 *          cgrp5 (NONE prog F)
 * the event in cgrp5 triggers execution of F,D,A,B in that order.
 * if prog F is detached, the execution is E,D,A,B
 * if prog F and D are detached, the execution is E,A,B
 * if prog F, E and D are detached, the execution is C,A,B
 *
 * All eligible programs are executed regardless of return code from
 * earlier programs.
 */
#define BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE    (1U << 0)
#define BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI       (1U << 1)
#define BPF_F_REPLACE           (1U << 2)

/* If BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command, the
 * verifier will perform strict alignment checking as if the kernel
 * has been built with CONFIG_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS not set,
 * and NET_IP_ALIGN defined to 2.
 */
#define BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT  (1U << 0)

/* If BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT is used in BPF_PROF_LOAD command, the
 * verifier will allow any alignment whatsoever.  On platforms
 * with strict alignment requirements for loads ands stores (such
 * as sparc and mips) the verifier validates that all loads and
 * stores provably follow this requirement.  This flag turns that
 * checking and enforcement off.
 *
 * It is mostly used for testing when we want to validate the
 * context and memory access aspects of the verifier, but because
 * of an unaligned access the alignment check would trigger before
 * the one we are interested in.
 */
#define BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT     (1U << 1)

/* BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32 is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command for testing purpose.
 * Verifier does sub-register def/use analysis and identifies instructions whose
 * def only matters for low 32-bit, high 32-bit is never referenced later
 * through implicit zero extension. Therefore verifier notifies JIT back-ends
 * that it is safe to ignore clearing high 32-bit for these instructions. This
 * saves some back-ends a lot of code-gen. However such optimization is not
 * necessary on some arches, for example x86_64, arm64 etc, whose JIT back-ends
 * hence hasn't used verifier's analysis result. But, we really want to have a
 * way to be able to verify the correctness of the described optimization on
 * x86_64 on which testsuites are frequently exercised.
 *
 * So, this flag is introduced. Once it is set, verifier will randomize high
 * 32-bit for those instructions who has been identified as safe to ignore them.
 * Then, if verifier is not doing correct analysis, such randomization will
 * regress tests to expose bugs.
 */
#define BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32     (1U << 2)

/* The verifier internal test flag. Behavior is undefined */
#define BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ   (1U << 3)

/* If BPF_F_SLEEPABLE is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command, the verifier will
 * restrict map and helper usage for such programs. Sleepable BPF programs can
 * only be attached to hooks where kernel execution context allows sleeping.
 * Such programs are allowed to use helpers that may sleep like
 * bpf_copy_from_user().
 */
#define BPF_F_SLEEPABLE         (1U << 4)

/* When BPF ldimm64's insn[0].src_reg != 0 then this can have
 * the following extensions:
 *
 * insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_[FD|IDX]
 * insn[0].imm:      map fd or fd_idx
 * insn[1].imm:      0
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of map
 * verifier type:    CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD       1
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX      5

/* insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_[IDX_]VALUE
 * insn[0].imm:      map fd or fd_idx
 * insn[1].imm:      offset into value
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of map[0]+offset
 * verifier type:    PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE            2
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX_VALUE        6

/* insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID
 * insn[0].imm:      kernel btd id of VAR
 * insn[1].imm:      0
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of the kernel variable
 * verifier type:    PTR_TO_BTF_ID or PTR_TO_MEM, depending on whether the var
 *                   is struct/union.
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID       3
/* insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC
 * insn[0].imm:      insn offset to the func
 * insn[1].imm:      0
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of the function
 * verifier type:    PTR_TO_FUNC.
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC         4

/* when bpf_call->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_CALL, bpf_call->imm == pc-relative
 * offset to another bpf function
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_CALL         1
/* when bpf_call->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_KFUNC_CALL,
 * bpf_call->imm == btf_id of a BTF_KIND_FUNC in the running kernel
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_KFUNC_CALL   2

/* flags for BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM command */
enum {
        BPF_ANY         = 0, /* create new element or update existing */
        BPF_NOEXIST     = 1, /* create new element if it didn't exist */
        BPF_EXIST       = 2, /* update existing element */
        BPF_F_LOCK      = 4, /* spin_lock-ed map_lookup/map_update */
};

/* flags for BPF_MAP_CREATE command */
enum {
        BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC       = (1U << 0),
/* Instead of having one common LRU list in the
 * BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_[PERCPU_]HASH map, use a percpu LRU list
 * which can scale and perform better.
 * Note, the LRU nodes (including free nodes) cannot be moved
 * across different LRU lists.
 */
        BPF_F_NO_COMMON_LRU     = (1U << 1),
/* Specify numa node during map creation */
        BPF_F_NUMA_NODE         = (1U << 2),

/* Flags for accessing BPF object from syscall side. */
        BPF_F_RDONLY            = (1U << 3),
        BPF_F_WRONLY            = (1U << 4),

/* Flag for stack_map, store build_id+offset instead of pointer */
        BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID    = (1U << 5),

/* Zero-initialize hash function seed. This should only be used for testing. */
        BPF_F_ZERO_SEED         = (1U << 6),

/* Flags for accessing BPF object from program side. */
        BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG       = (1U << 7),
        BPF_F_WRONLY_PROG       = (1U << 8),

/* Clone map from listener for newly accepted socket */
        BPF_F_CLONE             = (1U << 9),

/* Enable memory-mapping BPF map */
        BPF_F_MMAPABLE          = (1U << 10),

/* Share perf_event among processes */
        BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS    = (1U << 11),

/* Create a map that is suitable to be an inner map with dynamic max entries */
        BPF_F_INNER_MAP         = (1U << 12),
};

/* Flags for BPF_PROG_QUERY. */

/* Query effective (directly attached + inherited from ancestor cgroups)
 * programs that will be executed for events within a cgroup.
 * attach_flags with this flag are returned only for directly attached programs.
 */
#define BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE   (1U << 0)

/* Flags for BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN */

/* If set, run the test on the cpu specified by bpf_attr.test.cpu */
#define BPF_F_TEST_RUN_ON_CPU   (1U << 0)

/* type for BPF_ENABLE_STATS */
enum bpf_stats_type {
        /* enabled run_time_ns and run_cnt */
        BPF_STATS_RUN_TIME = 0,
};

enum bpf_stack_build_id_status {
        /* user space need an empty entry to identify end of a trace */
        BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_EMPTY = 0,
        /* with valid build_id and offset */
        BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID = 1,
        /* couldn't get build_id, fallback to ip */
        BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP = 2,
};

#define BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE 20
struct bpf_stack_build_id {
        __s32           status;
        unsigned char   build_id[BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE];
        union {
                __u64   offset;
                __u64   ip;
        };
};

#define BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN 16U

union bpf_attr {
        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_MAP_CREATE command */
                __u32   map_type;       /* one of enum bpf_map_type */
                __u32   key_size;       /* size of key in bytes */
                __u32   value_size;     /* size of value in bytes */
                __u32   max_entries;    /* max number of entries in a map */
                __u32   map_flags;      /* BPF_MAP_CREATE related
                                         * flags defined above.
                                         */
                __u32   inner_map_fd;   /* fd pointing to the inner map */
                __u32   numa_node;      /* numa node (effective only if
                                         * BPF_F_NUMA_NODE is set).
                                         */
                char    map_name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
                __u32   map_ifindex;    /* ifindex of netdev to create on */
                __u32   btf_fd;         /* fd pointing to a BTF type data */
                __u32   btf_key_type_id;        /* BTF type_id of the key */
                __u32   btf_value_type_id;      /* BTF type_id of the value */
                __u32   btf_vmlinux_value_type_id;/* BTF type_id of a kernel-
                                                   * struct stored as the
                                                   * map value
                                                   */
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_MAP_*_ELEM commands */
                __u32           map_fd;
                __aligned_u64   key;
                union {
                        __aligned_u64 value;
                        __aligned_u64 next_key;
                };
                __u64           flags;
        };

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_MAP_*_BATCH commands */
                __aligned_u64   in_batch;       /* start batch,
                                                 * NULL to start from beginning
                                                 */
                __aligned_u64   out_batch;      /* output: next start batch */
                __aligned_u64   keys;
                __aligned_u64   values;
                __u32           count;          /* input/output:
                                                 * input: # of key/value
                                                 * elements
                                                 * output: # of filled elements
                                                 */
                __u32           map_fd;
                __u64           elem_flags;
                __u64           flags;
        } batch;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_LOAD command */
                __u32           prog_type;      /* one of enum bpf_prog_type */
                __u32           insn_cnt;
                __aligned_u64   insns;
                __aligned_u64   license;
                __u32           log_level;      /* verbosity level of verifier */
                __u32           log_size;       /* size of user buffer */
                __aligned_u64   log_buf;        /* user supplied buffer */
                __u32           kern_version;   /* not used */
                __u32           prog_flags;
                char            prog_name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
                __u32           prog_ifindex;   /* ifindex of netdev to prep for */
                /* For some prog types expected attach type must be known at
                 * load time to verify attach type specific parts of prog
                 * (context accesses, allowed helpers, etc).
                 */
                __u32           expected_attach_type;
                __u32           prog_btf_fd;    /* fd pointing to BTF type data */
                __u32           func_info_rec_size;     /* userspace bpf_func_info size */
                __aligned_u64   func_info;      /* func info */
                __u32           func_info_cnt;  /* number of bpf_func_info records */
                __u32           line_info_rec_size;     /* userspace bpf_line_info size */
                __aligned_u64   line_info;      /* line info */
                __u32           line_info_cnt;  /* number of bpf_line_info records */
                __u32           attach_btf_id;  /* in-kernel BTF type id to attach to */
                union {
                        /* valid prog_fd to attach to bpf prog */
                        __u32           attach_prog_fd;
                        /* or valid module BTF object fd or 0 to attach to vmlinux */
                        __u32           attach_btf_obj_fd;
                };
                __u32           :32;            /* pad */
                __aligned_u64   fd_array;       /* array of FDs */
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_OBJ_* commands */
                __aligned_u64   pathname;
                __u32           bpf_fd;
                __u32           file_flags;
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_ATTACH/DETACH commands */
                __u32           target_fd;      /* container object to attach to */
                __u32           attach_bpf_fd;  /* eBPF program to attach */
                __u32           attach_type;
                __u32           attach_flags;
                __u32           replace_bpf_fd; /* previously attached eBPF
                                                 * program to replace if
                                                 * BPF_F_REPLACE is used
                                                 */
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN command */
                __u32           prog_fd;
                __u32           retval;
                __u32           data_size_in;   /* input: len of data_in */
                __u32           data_size_out;  /* input/output: len of data_out
                                                 *   returns ENOSPC if data_out
                                                 *   is too small.
                                                 */
                __aligned_u64   data_in;
                __aligned_u64   data_out;
                __u32           repeat;
                __u32           duration;
                __u32           ctx_size_in;    /* input: len of ctx_in */
                __u32           ctx_size_out;   /* input/output: len of ctx_out
                                                 *   returns ENOSPC if ctx_out
                                                 *   is too small.
                                                 */
                __aligned_u64   ctx_in;
                __aligned_u64   ctx_out;
                __u32           flags;
                __u32           cpu;
        } test;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_*_GET_*_ID */
                union {
                        __u32           start_id;
                        __u32           prog_id;
                        __u32           map_id;
                        __u32           btf_id;
                        __u32           link_id;
                };
                __u32           next_id;
                __u32           open_flags;
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD */
                __u32           bpf_fd;
                __u32           info_len;
                __aligned_u64   info;
        } info;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_QUERY command */
                __u32           target_fd;      /* container object to query */
                __u32           attach_type;
                __u32           query_flags;
                __u32           attach_flags;
                __aligned_u64   prog_ids;
                __u32           prog_cnt;
        } query;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN command */
                __u64 name;
                __u32 prog_fd;
        } raw_tracepoint;

        struct { /* anonymous struct for BPF_BTF_LOAD */
                __aligned_u64   btf;
                __aligned_u64   btf_log_buf;
                __u32           btf_size;
                __u32           btf_log_size;
                __u32           btf_log_level;
        };

        struct {
                __u32           pid;            /* input: pid */
                __u32           fd;             /* input: fd */
                __u32           flags;          /* input: flags */
                __u32           buf_len;        /* input/output: buf len */
                __aligned_u64   buf;            /* input/output:
                                                 *   tp_name for tracepoint
                                                 *   symbol for kprobe
                                                 *   filename for uprobe
                                                 */
                __u32           prog_id;        /* output: prod_id */
                __u32           fd_type;        /* output: BPF_FD_TYPE_* */
                __u64           probe_offset;   /* output: probe_offset */
                __u64           probe_addr;     /* output: probe_addr */
        } task_fd_query;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_CREATE command */
                __u32           prog_fd;        /* eBPF program to attach */
                union {
                        __u32           target_fd;      /* object to attach to */
                        __u32           target_ifindex; /* target ifindex */
                };
                __u32           attach_type;    /* attach type */
                __u32           flags;          /* extra flags */
                union {
                        __u32           target_btf_id;  /* btf_id of target to attach to */
                        struct {
                                __aligned_u64   iter_info;      /* extra bpf_iter_link_info */
                                __u32           iter_info_len;  /* iter_info length */
                        };
                        struct {
                                /* black box user-provided value passed through
                                 * to BPF program at the execution time and
                                 * accessible through bpf_get_attach_cookie() BPF helper
                                 */
                                __u64           bpf_cookie;
                        } perf_event;
                };
        } link_create;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_UPDATE command */
                __u32           link_fd;        /* link fd */
                /* new program fd to update link with */
                __u32           new_prog_fd;
                __u32           flags;          /* extra flags */
                /* expected link's program fd; is specified only if
                 * BPF_F_REPLACE flag is set in flags */
                __u32           old_prog_fd;
        } link_update;

        struct {
                __u32           link_fd;
        } link_detach;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_ENABLE_STATS command */
                __u32           type;
        } enable_stats;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_ITER_CREATE command */
                __u32           link_fd;
                __u32           flags;
        } iter_create;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP command */
                __u32           prog_fd;
                __u32           map_fd;
                __u32           flags;          /* extra flags */
        } prog_bind_map;

} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

/* The description below is an attempt at providing documentation to eBPF
 * developers about the multiple available eBPF helper functions. It can be
 * parsed and used to produce a manual page. The workflow is the following,
 * and requires the rst2man utility:
 *
 *     $ ./scripts/bpf_doc.py \
 *             --filename include/uapi/linux/bpf.h > /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst
 *     $ rst2man /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst > /tmp/bpf-helpers.7
 *     $ man /tmp/bpf-helpers.7
 *
 * Note that in order to produce this external documentation, some RST
 * formatting is used in the descriptions to get "bold" and "italics" in
 * manual pages. Also note that the few trailing white spaces are
 * intentional, removing them would break paragraphs for rst2man.
 *
 * Start of BPF helper function descriptions:
 *
 * void *bpf_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key)
 *      Description
 *              Perform a lookup in *map* for an entry associated to *key*.
 *      Return
 *              Map value associated to *key*, or **NULL** if no entry was
 *              found.
 *
 * long bpf_map_update_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key, const void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Add or update the value of the entry associated to *key* in
 *              *map* with *value*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must not exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must already exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      No condition on the existence of the entry for *key*.
 *
 *              Flag value **BPF_NOEXIST** cannot be used for maps of types
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY** or **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY**  (all
 *              elements always exist), the helper would return an error.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_delete_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key)
 *      Description
 *              Delete entry with *key* from *map*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              For tracing programs, safely attempt to read *size* bytes from
 *              kernel space address *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
 *
 *              Generally, use **bpf_probe_read_user**\ () or
 *              **bpf_probe_read_kernel**\ () instead.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_ktime_get_ns(void)
 *      Description
 *              Return the time elapsed since system boot, in nanoseconds.
 *              Does not include time the system was suspended.
 *              See: **clock_gettime**\ (**CLOCK_MONOTONIC**)
 *      Return
 *              Current *ktime*.
 *
 * long bpf_trace_printk(const char *fmt, u32 fmt_size, ...)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is a "printk()-like" facility for debugging. It
 *              prints a message defined by format *fmt* (of size *fmt_size*)
 *              to file *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace* from DebugFS, if
 *              available. It can take up to three additional **u64**
 *              arguments (as an eBPF helpers, the total number of arguments is
 *              limited to five).
 *
 *              Each time the helper is called, it appends a line to the trace.
 *              Lines are discarded while *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace* is
 *              open, use *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe* to avoid this.
 *              The format of the trace is customizable, and the exact output
 *              one will get depends on the options set in
 *              *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options* (see also the
 *              *README* file under the same directory). However, it usually
 *              defaults to something like:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      telnet-470   [001] .N.. 419421.045894: 0x00000001: <formatted msg>
 *
 *              In the above:
 *
 *                      * ``telnet`` is the name of the current task.
 *                      * ``470`` is the PID of the current task.
 *                      * ``001`` is the CPU number on which the task is
 *                        running.
 *                      * In ``.N..``, each character refers to a set of
 *                        options (whether irqs are enabled, scheduling
 *                        options, whether hard/softirqs are running, level of
 *                        preempt_disabled respectively). **N** means that
 *                        **TIF_NEED_RESCHED** and **PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED**
 *                        are set.
 *                      * ``419421.045894`` is a timestamp.
 *                      * ``0x00000001`` is a fake value used by BPF for the
 *                        instruction pointer register.
 *                      * ``<formatted msg>`` is the message formatted with
 *                        *fmt*.
 *
 *              The conversion specifiers supported by *fmt* are similar, but
 *              more limited than for printk(). They are **%d**, **%i**,
 *              **%u**, **%x**, **%ld**, **%li**, **%lu**, **%lx**, **%lld**,
 *              **%lli**, **%llu**, **%llx**, **%p**, **%s**. No modifier (size
 *              of field, padding with zeroes, etc.) is available, and the
 *              helper will return **-EINVAL** (but print nothing) if it
 *              encounters an unknown specifier.
 *
 *              Also, note that **bpf_trace_printk**\ () is slow, and should
 *              only be used for debugging purposes. For this reason, a notice
 *              block (spanning several lines) is printed to kernel logs and
 *              states that the helper should not be used "for production use"
 *              the first time this helper is used (or more precisely, when
 *              **trace_printk**\ () buffers are allocated). For passing values
 *              to user space, perf events should be preferred.
 *      Return
 *              The number of bytes written to the buffer, or a negative error
 *              in case of failure.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_prandom_u32(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get a pseudo-random number.
 *
 *              From a security point of view, this helper uses its own
 *              pseudo-random internal state, and cannot be used to infer the
 *              seed of other random functions in the kernel. However, it is
 *              essential to note that the generator used by the helper is not
 *              cryptographically secure.
 *      Return
 *              A random 32-bit unsigned value.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_smp_processor_id(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get the SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) processor id. Note that
 *              all programs run with preemption disabled, which means that the
 *              SMP processor id is stable during all the execution of the
 *              program.
 *      Return
 *              The SMP id of the processor running the program.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_store_bytes(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, const void *from, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Store *len* bytes from address *from* into the packet
 *              associated to *skb*, at *offset*. *flags* are a combination of
 *              **BPF_F_RECOMPUTE_CSUM** (automatically recompute the
 *              checksum for the packet after storing the bytes) and
 *              **BPF_F_INVALIDATE_HASH** (set *skb*\ **->hash**, *skb*\
 *              **->swhash** and *skb*\ **->l4hash** to 0).
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_l3_csum_replace(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, u64 from, u64 to, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Recompute the layer 3 (e.g. IP) checksum for the packet
 *              associated to *skb*. Computation is incremental, so the helper
 *              must know the former value of the header field that was
 *              modified (*from*), the new value of this field (*to*), and the
 *              number of bytes (2 or 4) for this field, stored in *size*.
 *              Alternatively, it is possible to store the difference between
 *              the previous and the new values of the header field in *to*, by
 *              setting *from* and *size* to 0. For both methods, *offset*
 *              indicates the location of the IP checksum within the packet.
 *
 *              This helper works in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (),
 *              which does not update the checksum in-place, but offers more
 *              flexibility and can handle sizes larger than 2 or 4 for the
 *              checksum to update.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_l4_csum_replace(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, u64 from, u64 to, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Recompute the layer 4 (e.g. TCP, UDP or ICMP) checksum for the
 *              packet associated to *skb*. Computation is incremental, so the
 *              helper must know the former value of the header field that was
 *              modified (*from*), the new value of this field (*to*), and the
 *              number of bytes (2 or 4) for this field, stored on the lowest
 *              four bits of *flags*. Alternatively, it is possible to store
 *              the difference between the previous and the new values of the
 *              header field in *to*, by setting *from* and the four lowest
 *              bits of *flags* to 0. For both methods, *offset* indicates the
 *              location of the IP checksum within the packet. In addition to
 *              the size of the field, *flags* can be added (bitwise OR) actual
 *              flags. With **BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0**, a null checksum is left
 *              untouched (unless **BPF_F_MARK_ENFORCE** is added as well), and
 *              for updates resulting in a null checksum the value is set to
 *              **CSUM_MANGLED_0** instead. Flag **BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR** indicates
 *              the checksum is to be computed against a pseudo-header.
 *
 *              This helper works in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (),
 *              which does not update the checksum in-place, but offers more
 *              flexibility and can handle sizes larger than 2 or 4 for the
 *              checksum to update.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_tail_call(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *prog_array_map, u32 index)
 *      Description
 *              This special helper is used to trigger a "tail call", or in
 *              other words, to jump into another eBPF program. The same stack
 *              frame is used (but values on stack and in registers for the
 *              caller are not accessible to the callee). This mechanism allows
 *              for program chaining, either for raising the maximum number of
 *              available eBPF instructions, or to execute given programs in
 *              conditional blocks. For security reasons, there is an upper
 *              limit to the number of successive tail calls that can be
 *              performed.
 *
 *              Upon call of this helper, the program attempts to jump into a
 *              program referenced at index *index* in *prog_array_map*, a
 *              special map of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY**, and passes
 *              *ctx*, a pointer to the context.
 *
 *              If the call succeeds, the kernel immediately runs the first
 *              instruction of the new program. This is not a function call,
 *              and it never returns to the previous program. If the call
 *              fails, then the helper has no effect, and the caller continues
 *              to run its subsequent instructions. A call can fail if the
 *              destination program for the jump does not exist (i.e. *index*
 *              is superior to the number of entries in *prog_array_map*), or
 *              if the maximum number of tail calls has been reached for this
 *              chain of programs. This limit is defined in the kernel by the
 *              macro **MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT** (not accessible to user space),
 *              which is currently set to 32.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_clone_redirect(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 ifindex, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Clone and redirect the packet associated to *skb* to another
 *              net device of index *ifindex*. Both ingress and egress
 *              interfaces can be used for redirection. The **BPF_F_INGRESS**
 *              value in *flags* is used to make the distinction (ingress path
 *              is selected if the flag is present, egress path otherwise).
 *              This is the only flag supported for now.
 *
 *              In comparison with **bpf_redirect**\ () helper,
 *              **bpf_clone_redirect**\ () has the associated cost of
 *              duplicating the packet buffer, but this can be executed out of
 *              the eBPF program. Conversely, **bpf_redirect**\ () is more
 *              efficient, but it is handled through an action code where the
 *              redirection happens only after the eBPF program has returned.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_pid_tgid(void)
 *      Return
 *              A 64-bit integer containing the current tgid and pid, and
 *              created as such:
 *              *current_task*\ **->tgid << 32 \|**
 *              *current_task*\ **->pid**.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_uid_gid(void)
 *      Return
 *              A 64-bit integer containing the current GID and UID, and
 *              created as such: *current_gid* **<< 32 \|** *current_uid*.
 *
 * long bpf_get_current_comm(void *buf, u32 size_of_buf)
 *      Description
 *              Copy the **comm** attribute of the current task into *buf* of
 *              *size_of_buf*. The **comm** attribute contains the name of
 *              the executable (excluding the path) for the current task. The
 *              *size_of_buf* must be strictly positive. On success, the
 *              helper makes sure that the *buf* is NUL-terminated. On failure,
 *              it is filled with zeroes.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_cgroup_classid(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the classid for the current task, i.e. for the net_cls
 *              cgroup to which *skb* belongs.
 *
 *              This helper can be used on TC egress path, but not on ingress.
 *
 *              The net_cls cgroup provides an interface to tag network packets
 *              based on a user-provided identifier for all traffic coming from
 *              the tasks belonging to the related cgroup. See also the related
 *              kernel documentation, available from the Linux sources in file
 *              *Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_cls.rst*.
 *
 *              The Linux kernel has two versions for cgroups: there are
 *              cgroups v1 and cgroups v2. Both are available to users, who can
 *              use a mixture of them, but note that the net_cls cgroup is for
 *              cgroup v1 only. This makes it incompatible with BPF programs
 *              run on cgroups, which is a cgroup-v2-only feature (a socket can
 *              only hold data for one version of cgroups at a time).
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_CLASSID** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**" or to "**m**".
 *      Return
 *              The classid, or 0 for the default unconfigured classid.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_vlan_push(struct sk_buff *skb, __be16 vlan_proto, u16 vlan_tci)
 *      Description
 *              Push a *vlan_tci* (VLAN tag control information) of protocol
 *              *vlan_proto* to the packet associated to *skb*, then update
 *              the checksum. Note that if *vlan_proto* is different from
 *              **ETH_P_8021Q** and **ETH_P_8021AD**, it is considered to
 *              be **ETH_P_8021Q**.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_vlan_pop(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Pop a VLAN header from the packet associated to *skb*.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_tunnel_key *key, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get tunnel metadata. This helper takes a pointer *key* to an
 *              empty **struct bpf_tunnel_key** of **size**, that will be
 *              filled with tunnel metadata for the packet associated to *skb*.
 *              The *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_TUNINFO_IPV6**, which
 *              indicates that the tunnel is based on IPv6 protocol instead of
 *              IPv4.
 *
 *              The **struct bpf_tunnel_key** is an object that generalizes the
 *              principal parameters used by various tunneling protocols into a
 *              single struct. This way, it can be used to easily make a
 *              decision based on the contents of the encapsulation header,
 *              "summarized" in this struct. In particular, it holds the IP
 *              address of the remote end (IPv4 or IPv6, depending on the case)
 *              in *key*\ **->remote_ipv4** or *key*\ **->remote_ipv6**. Also,
 *              this struct exposes the *key*\ **->tunnel_id**, which is
 *              generally mapped to a VNI (Virtual Network Identifier), making
 *              it programmable together with the **bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key**\
 *              () helper.
 *
 *              Let's imagine that the following code is part of a program
 *              attached to the TC ingress interface, on one end of a GRE
 *              tunnel, and is supposed to filter out all messages coming from
 *              remote ends with IPv4 address other than 10.0.0.1:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      int ret;
 *                      struct bpf_tunnel_key key = {};
 *
 *                      ret = bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key(skb, &key, sizeof(key), 0);
 *                      if (ret < 0)
 *                              return TC_ACT_SHOT;     // drop packet
 *
 *                      if (key.remote_ipv4 != 0x0a000001)
 *                              return TC_ACT_SHOT;     // drop packet
 *
 *                      return TC_ACT_OK;               // accept packet
 *
 *              This interface can also be used with all encapsulation devices
 *              that can operate in "collect metadata" mode: instead of having
 *              one network device per specific configuration, the "collect
 *              metadata" mode only requires a single device where the
 *              configuration can be extracted from this helper.
 *
 *              This can be used together with various tunnels such as VXLan,
 *              Geneve, GRE or IP in IP (IPIP).
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_tunnel_key *key, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Populate tunnel metadata for packet associated to *skb.* The
 *              tunnel metadata is set to the contents of *key*, of *size*. The
 *              *flags* can be set to a combination of the following values:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_TUNINFO_IPV6**
 *                      Indicate that the tunnel is based on IPv6 protocol
 *                      instead of IPv4.
 *              **BPF_F_ZERO_CSUM_TX**
 *                      For IPv4 packets, add a flag to tunnel metadata
 *                      indicating that checksum computation should be skipped
 *                      and checksum set to zeroes.
 *              **BPF_F_DONT_FRAGMENT**
 *                      Add a flag to tunnel metadata indicating that the
 *                      packet should not be fragmented.
 *              **BPF_F_SEQ_NUMBER**
 *                      Add a flag to tunnel metadata indicating that a
 *                      sequence number should be added to tunnel header before
 *                      sending the packet. This flag was added for GRE
 *                      encapsulation, but might be used with other protocols
 *                      as well in the future.
 *
 *              Here is a typical usage on the transmit path:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      struct bpf_tunnel_key key;
 *                           populate key ...
 *                      bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key(skb, &key, sizeof(key), 0);
 *                      bpf_clone_redirect(skb, vxlan_dev_ifindex, 0);
 *
 *              See also the description of the **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key**\ ()
 *              helper for additional information.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_perf_event_read(struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Read the value of a perf event counter. This helper relies on a
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. The nature of
 *              the perf event counter is selected when *map* is updated with
 *              perf event file descriptors. The *map* is an array whose size
 *              is the number of available CPUs, and each cell contains a value
 *              relative to one CPU. The value to retrieve is indicated by
 *              *flags*, that contains the index of the CPU to look up, masked
 *              with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**. Alternatively, *flags* can be set to
 *              **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU** to indicate that the value for the
 *              current CPU should be retrieved.
 *
 *              Note that before Linux 4.13, only hardware perf event can be
 *              retrieved.
 *
 *              Also, be aware that the newer helper
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () is recommended over
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read**\ () in general. The latter has some ABI
 *              quirks where error and counter value are used as a return code
 *              (which is wrong to do since ranges may overlap). This issue is
 *              fixed with **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ (), which at the same
 *              time provides more features over the **bpf_perf_event_read**\
 *              () interface. Please refer to the description of
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () for details.
 *      Return
 *              The value of the perf event counter read from the map, or a
 *              negative error code in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_redirect(u32 ifindex, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to another net device of index *ifindex*.
 *              This helper is somewhat similar to **bpf_clone_redirect**\
 *              (), except that the packet is not cloned, which provides
 *              increased performance.
 *
 *              Except for XDP, both ingress and egress interfaces can be used
 *              for redirection. The **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used
 *              to make the distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag
 *              is present, egress path otherwise). Currently, XDP only
 *              supports redirection to the egress interface, and accepts no
 *              flag at all.
 *
 *              The same effect can also be attained with the more generic
 *              **bpf_redirect_map**\ (), which uses a BPF map to store the
 *              redirect target instead of providing it directly to the helper.
 *      Return
 *              For XDP, the helper returns **XDP_REDIRECT** on success or
 *              **XDP_ABORTED** on error. For other program types, the values
 *              are **TC_ACT_REDIRECT** on success or **TC_ACT_SHOT** on
 *              error.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_route_realm(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the realm or the route, that is to say the
 *              **tclassid** field of the destination for the *skb*. The
 *              identifier retrieved is a user-provided tag, similar to the
 *              one used with the net_cls cgroup (see description for
 *              **bpf_get_cgroup_classid**\ () helper), but here this tag is
 *              held by a route (a destination entry), not by a task.
 *
 *              Retrieving this identifier works with the clsact TC egress hook
 *              (see also **tc-bpf(8)**), or alternatively on conventional
 *              classful egress qdiscs, but not on TC ingress path. In case of
 *              clsact TC egress hook, this has the advantage that, internally,
 *              the destination entry has not been dropped yet in the transmit
 *              path. Therefore, the destination entry does not need to be
 *              artificially held via **netif_keep_dst**\ () for a classful
 *              qdisc until the *skb* is freed.

 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_CLASSID** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              The realm of the route for the packet associated to *skb*, or 0
 *              if none was found.
 *
 * long bpf_perf_event_output(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, void *data, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Write raw *data* blob into a special BPF perf event held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. This perf
 *              event must have the following attributes: **PERF_SAMPLE_RAW**
 *              as **sample_type**, **PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE** as **type**, and
 *              **PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT** as **config**.
 *
 *              The *flags* are used to indicate the index in *map* for which
 *              the value must be put, masked with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**.
 *              Alternatively, *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU**
 *              to indicate that the index of the current CPU core should be
 *              used.
 *
 *              The value to write, of *size*, is passed through eBPF stack and
 *              pointed by *data*.
 *
 *              The context of the program *ctx* needs also be passed to the
 *              helper.
 *
 *              On user space, a program willing to read the values needs to
 *              call **perf_event_open**\ () on the perf event (either for
 *              one or for all CPUs) and to store the file descriptor into the
 *              *map*. This must be done before the eBPF program can send data
 *              into it. An example is available in file
 *              *samples/bpf/trace_output_user.c* in the Linux kernel source
 *              tree (the eBPF program counterpart is in
 *              *samples/bpf/trace_output_kern.c*).
 *
 *              **bpf_perf_event_output**\ () achieves better performance
 *              than **bpf_trace_printk**\ () for sharing data with user
 *              space, and is much better suitable for streaming data from eBPF
 *              programs.
 *
 *              Note that this helper is not restricted to tracing use cases
 *              and can be used with programs attached to TC or XDP as well,
 *              where it allows for passing data to user space listeners. Data
 *              can be:
 *
 *              * Only custom structs,
 *              * Only the packet payload, or
 *              * A combination of both.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_load_bytes(const void *skb, u32 offset, void *to, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              This helper was provided as an easy way to load data from a
 *              packet. It can be used to load *len* bytes from *offset* from
 *              the packet associated to *skb*, into the buffer pointed by
 *              *to*.
 *
 *              Since Linux 4.7, usage of this helper has mostly been replaced
 *              by "direct packet access", enabling packet data to be
 *              manipulated with *skb*\ **->data** and *skb*\ **->data_end**
 *              pointing respectively to the first byte of packet data and to
 *              the byte after the last byte of packet data. However, it
 *              remains useful if one wishes to read large quantities of data
 *              at once from a packet into the eBPF stack.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_get_stackid(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Walk a user or a kernel stack and return its id. To achieve
 *              this, the helper needs *ctx*, which is a pointer to the context
 *              on which the tracing program is executed, and a pointer to a
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE**.
 *
 *              The last argument, *flags*, holds the number of stack frames to
 *              skip (from 0 to 255), masked with
 *              **BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK**. The next bits can be used to set
 *              a combination of the following flags:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_USER_STACK**
 *                      Collect a user space stack instead of a kernel stack.
 *              **BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP**
 *                      Compare stacks by hash only.
 *              **BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID**
 *                      If two different stacks hash into the same *stackid*,
 *                      discard the old one.
 *
 *              The stack id retrieved is a 32 bit long integer handle which
 *              can be further combined with other data (including other stack
 *              ids) and used as a key into maps. This can be useful for
 *              generating a variety of graphs (such as flame graphs or off-cpu
 *              graphs).
 *
 *              For walking a stack, this helper is an improvement over
 *              **bpf_probe_read**\ (), which can be used with unrolled loops
 *              but is not efficient and consumes a lot of eBPF instructions.
 *              Instead, **bpf_get_stackid**\ () can collect up to
 *              **PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH** both kernel and user frames. Note that
 *              this limit can be controlled with the **sysctl** program, and
 *              that it should be manually increased in order to profile long
 *              user stacks (such as stacks for Java programs). To do so, use:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      # sysctl kernel.perf_event_max_stack=<new value>
 *      Return
 *              The positive or null stack id on success, or a negative error
 *              in case of failure.
 *
 * s64 bpf_csum_diff(__be32 *from, u32 from_size, __be32 *to, u32 to_size, __wsum seed)
 *      Description
 *              Compute a checksum difference, from the raw buffer pointed by
 *              *from*, of length *from_size* (that must be a multiple of 4),
 *              towards the raw buffer pointed by *to*, of size *to_size*
 *              (same remark). An optional *seed* can be added to the value
 *              (this can be cascaded, the seed may come from a previous call
 *              to the helper).
 *
 *              This is flexible enough to be used in several ways:
 *
 *              * With *from_size* == 0, *to_size* > 0 and *seed* set to
 *                checksum, it can be used when pushing new data.
 *              * With *from_size* > 0, *to_size* == 0 and *seed* set to
 *                checksum, it can be used when removing data from a packet.
 *              * With *from_size* > 0, *to_size* > 0 and *seed* set to 0, it
 *                can be used to compute a diff. Note that *from_size* and
 *                *to_size* do not need to be equal.
 *
 *              This helper can be used in combination with
 *              **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ () and **bpf_l4_csum_replace**\ (), to
 *              which one can feed in the difference computed with
 *              **bpf_csum_diff**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The checksum result, or a negative error code in case of
 *              failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_get_tunnel_opt(struct sk_buff *skb, void *opt, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve tunnel options metadata for the packet associated to
 *              *skb*, and store the raw tunnel option data to the buffer *opt*
 *              of *size*.
 *
 *              This helper can be used with encapsulation devices that can
 *              operate in "collect metadata" mode (please refer to the related
 *              note in the description of **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key**\ () for
 *              more details). A particular example where this can be used is
 *              in combination with the Geneve encapsulation protocol, where it
 *              allows for pushing (with **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_opt**\ () helper)
 *              and retrieving arbitrary TLVs (Type-Length-Value headers) from
 *              the eBPF program. This allows for full customization of these
 *              headers.
 *      Return
 *              The size of the option data retrieved.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_set_tunnel_opt(struct sk_buff *skb, void *opt, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Set tunnel options metadata for the packet associated to *skb*
 *              to the option data contained in the raw buffer *opt* of *size*.
 *
 *              See also the description of the **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_opt**\ ()
 *              helper for additional information.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_proto(struct sk_buff *skb, __be16 proto, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Change the protocol of the *skb* to *proto*. Currently
 *              supported are transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and from IPv6 to
 *              IPv4. The helper takes care of the groundwork for the
 *              transition, including resizing the socket buffer. The eBPF
 *              program is expected to fill the new headers, if any, via
 *              **skb_store_bytes**\ () and to recompute the checksums with
 *              **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ () and **bpf_l4_csum_replace**\
 *              (). The main case for this helper is to perform NAT64
 *              operations out of an eBPF program.
 *
 *              Internally, the GSO type is marked as dodgy so that headers are
 *              checked and segments are recalculated by the GSO/GRO engine.
 *              The size for GSO target is adapted as well.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_type(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 type)
 *      Description
 *              Change the packet type for the packet associated to *skb*. This
 *              comes down to setting *skb*\ **->pkt_type** to *type*, except
 *              the eBPF program does not have a write access to *skb*\
 *              **->pkt_type** beside this helper. Using a helper here allows
 *              for graceful handling of errors.
 *
 *              The major use case is to change incoming *skb*s to
 *              **PACKET_HOST** in a programmatic way instead of having to
 *              recirculate via **redirect**\ (..., **BPF_F_INGRESS**), for
 *              example.
 *
 *              Note that *type* only allows certain values. At this time, they
 *              are:
 *
 *              **PACKET_HOST**
 *                      Packet is for us.
 *              **PACKET_BROADCAST**
 *                      Send packet to all.
 *              **PACKET_MULTICAST**
 *                      Send packet to group.
 *              **PACKET_OTHERHOST**
 *                      Send packet to someone else.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_under_cgroup(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_map *map, u32 index)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether *skb* is a descendant of the cgroup2 held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY**, at *index*.
 *      Return
 *              The return value depends on the result of the test, and can be:
 *
 *              * 0, if the *skb* failed the cgroup2 descendant test.
 *              * 1, if the *skb* succeeded the cgroup2 descendant test.
 *              * A negative error code, if an error occurred.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_hash_recalc(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the hash of the packet, *skb*\ **->hash**. If it is
 *              not set, in particular if the hash was cleared due to mangling,
 *              recompute this hash. Later accesses to the hash can be done
 *              directly with *skb*\ **->hash**.
 *
 *              Calling **bpf_set_hash_invalid**\ (), changing a packet
 *              prototype with **bpf_skb_change_proto**\ (), or calling
 *              **bpf_skb_store_bytes**\ () with the
 *              **BPF_F_INVALIDATE_HASH** are actions susceptible to clear
 *              the hash and to trigger a new computation for the next call to
 *              **bpf_get_hash_recalc**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The 32-bit hash.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_task(void)
 *      Return
 *              A pointer to the current task struct.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_write_user(void *dst, const void *src, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Attempt in a safe way to write *len* bytes from the buffer
 *              *src* to *dst* in memory. It only works for threads that are in
 *              user context, and *dst* must be a valid user space address.
 *
 *              This helper should not be used to implement any kind of
 *              security mechanism because of TOC-TOU attacks, but rather to
 *              debug, divert, and manipulate execution of semi-cooperative
 *              processes.
 *
 *              Keep in mind that this feature is meant for experiments, and it
 *              has a risk of crashing the system and running programs.
 *              Therefore, when an eBPF program using this helper is attached,
 *              a warning including PID and process name is printed to kernel
 *              logs.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_current_task_under_cgroup(struct bpf_map *map, u32 index)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether the probe is being run is the context of a given
 *              subset of the cgroup2 hierarchy. The cgroup2 to test is held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY**, at *index*.
 *      Return
 *              The return value depends on the result of the test, and can be:
 *
 *              * 0, if current task belongs to the cgroup2.
 *              * 1, if current task does not belong to the cgroup2.
 *              * A negative error code, if an error occurred.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_tail(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Resize (trim or grow) the packet associated to *skb* to the
 *              new *len*. The *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              The basic idea is that the helper performs the needed work to
 *              change the size of the packet, then the eBPF program rewrites
 *              the rest via helpers like **bpf_skb_store_bytes**\ (),
 *              **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ (), **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ ()
 *              and others. This helper is a slow path utility intended for
 *              replies with control messages. And because it is targeted for
 *              slow path, the helper itself can afford to be slow: it
 *              implicitly linearizes, unclones and drops offloads from the
 *              *skb*.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_pull_data(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Pull in non-linear data in case the *skb* is non-linear and not
 *              all of *len* are part of the linear section. Make *len* bytes
 *              from *skb* readable and writable. If a zero value is passed for
 *              *len*, then the whole length of the *skb* is pulled.
 *
 *              This helper is only needed for reading and writing with direct
 *              packet access.
 *
 *              For direct packet access, testing that offsets to access
 *              are within packet boundaries (test on *skb*\ **->data_end**) is
 *              susceptible to fail if offsets are invalid, or if the requested
 *              data is in non-linear parts of the *skb*. On failure the
 *              program can just bail out, or in the case of a non-linear
 *              buffer, use a helper to make the data available. The
 *              **bpf_skb_load_bytes**\ () helper is a first solution to access
 *              the data. Another one consists in using **bpf_skb_pull_data**
 *              to pull in once the non-linear parts, then retesting and
 *              eventually access the data.
 *
 *              At the same time, this also makes sure the *skb* is uncloned,
 *              which is a necessary condition for direct write. As this needs
 *              to be an invariant for the write part only, the verifier
 *              detects writes and adds a prologue that is calling
 *              **bpf_skb_pull_data()** to effectively unclone the *skb* from
 *              the very beginning in case it is indeed cloned.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * s64 bpf_csum_update(struct sk_buff *skb, __wsum csum)
 *      Description
 *              Add the checksum *csum* into *skb*\ **->csum** in case the
 *              driver has supplied a checksum for the entire packet into that
 *              field. Return an error otherwise. This helper is intended to be
 *              used in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (), in particular
 *              when the checksum needs to be updated after data has been
 *              written into the packet through direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              The checksum on success, or a negative error code in case of
 *              failure.
 *
 * void bpf_set_hash_invalid(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Invalidate the current *skb*\ **->hash**. It can be used after
 *              mangling on headers through direct packet access, in order to
 *              indicate that the hash is outdated and to trigger a
 *              recalculation the next time the kernel tries to access this
 *              hash or when the **bpf_get_hash_recalc**\ () helper is called.
 *
 * long bpf_get_numa_node_id(void)
 *      Description
 *              Return the id of the current NUMA node. The primary use case
 *              for this helper is the selection of sockets for the local NUMA
 *              node, when the program is attached to sockets using the
 *              **SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF** option (see also **socket(7)**),
 *              but the helper is also available to other eBPF program types,
 *              similarly to **bpf_get_smp_processor_id**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The id of current NUMA node.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_head(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Grows headroom of packet associated to *skb* and adjusts the
 *              offset of the MAC header accordingly, adding *len* bytes of
 *              space. It automatically extends and reallocates memory as
 *              required.
 *
 *              This helper can be used on a layer 3 *skb* to push a MAC header
 *              for redirection into a layer 2 device.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_adjust_head(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, int delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust (move) *xdp_md*\ **->data** by *delta* bytes. Note that
 *              it is possible to use a negative value for *delta*. This helper
 *              can be used to prepare the packet for pushing or popping
 *              headers.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. See **bpf_probe_read_kernel_str**\ () for
 *              more details.
 *
 *              Generally, use **bpf_probe_read_user_str**\ () or
 *              **bpf_probe_read_kernel_str**\ () instead.
 *      Return
 *              On success, the strictly positive length of the string,
 *              including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
 *              value.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              If the **struct sk_buff** pointed by *skb* has a known socket,
 *              retrieve the cookie (generated by the kernel) of this socket.
 *              If no cookie has been set yet, generate a new cookie. Once
 *              generated, the socket cookie remains stable for the life of the
 *              socket. This helper can be useful for monitoring per socket
 *              networking traffic statistics as it provides a global socket
 *              identifier that can be assumed unique.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number on success, or 0 if the socket
 *              field is missing inside *skb*.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Equivalent to bpf_get_socket_cookie() helper that accepts
 *              *skb*, but gets socket from **struct bpf_sock_addr** context.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct bpf_sock_ops *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Equivalent to **bpf_get_socket_cookie**\ () helper that accepts
 *              *skb*, but gets socket from **struct bpf_sock_ops** context.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Equivalent to **bpf_get_socket_cookie**\ () helper that accepts
 *              *sk*, but gets socket from a BTF **struct sock**. This helper
 *              also works for sleepable programs.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number or 0 if *sk* is NULL.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_socket_uid(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Return
 *              The owner UID of the socket associated to *skb*. If the socket
 *              is **NULL**, or if it is not a full socket (i.e. if it is a
 *              time-wait or a request socket instead), **overflowuid** value
 *              is returned (note that **overflowuid** might also be the actual
 *              UID value for the socket).
 *
 * long bpf_set_hash(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 hash)
 *      Description
 *              Set the full hash for *skb* (set the field *skb*\ **->hash**)
 *              to value *hash*.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_setsockopt(void *bpf_socket, int level, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
 *      Description
 *              Emulate a call to **setsockopt()** on the socket associated to
 *              *bpf_socket*, which must be a full socket. The *level* at
 *              which the option resides and the name *optname* of the option
 *              must be specified, see **setsockopt(2)** for more information.
 *              The option value of length *optlen* is pointed by *optval*.
 *
 *              *bpf_socket* should be one of the following:
 *
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_ops** for **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**.
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_addr** for **BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT**
 *                and **BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT**.
 *
 *              This helper actually implements a subset of **setsockopt()**.
 *              It supports the following *level*\ s:
 *
 *              * **SOL_SOCKET**, which supports the following *optname*\ s:
 *                **SO_RCVBUF**, **SO_SNDBUF**, **SO_MAX_PACING_RATE**,
 *                **SO_PRIORITY**, **SO_RCVLOWAT**, **SO_MARK**,
 *                **SO_BINDTODEVICE**, **SO_KEEPALIVE**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_TCP**, which supports the following *optname*\ s:
 *                **TCP_CONGESTION**, **TCP_BPF_IW**,
 *                **TCP_BPF_SNDCWND_CLAMP**, **TCP_SAVE_SYN**,
 *                **TCP_KEEPIDLE**, **TCP_KEEPINTVL**, **TCP_KEEPCNT**,
 *                **TCP_SYNCNT**, **TCP_USER_TIMEOUT**, **TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IP**, which supports *optname* **IP_TOS**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IPV6**, which supports *optname* **IPV6_TCLASS**.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_adjust_room(struct sk_buff *skb, s32 len_diff, u32 mode, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Grow or shrink the room for data in the packet associated to
 *              *skb* by *len_diff*, and according to the selected *mode*.
 *
 *              By default, the helper will reset any offloaded checksum
 *              indicator of the skb to CHECKSUM_NONE. This can be avoided
 *              by the following flag:
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_NO_CSUM_RESET**: Do not reset offloaded
 *                checksum data of the skb to CHECKSUM_NONE.
 *
 *              There are two supported modes at this time:
 *
 *              * **BPF_ADJ_ROOM_MAC**: Adjust room at the mac layer
 *                (room space is added or removed below the layer 2 header).
 *
 *              * **BPF_ADJ_ROOM_NET**: Adjust room at the network layer
 *                (room space is added or removed below the layer 3 header).
 *
 *              The following flags are supported at this time:
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_FIXED_GSO**: Do not adjust gso_size.
 *                Adjusting mss in this way is not allowed for datagrams.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L3_IPV4**,
 *                **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L3_IPV6**:
 *                Any new space is reserved to hold a tunnel header.
 *                Configure skb offsets and other fields accordingly.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L4_GRE**,
 *                **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L4_UDP**:
 *                Use with ENCAP_L3 flags to further specify the tunnel type.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2**\ (*len*):
 *                Use with ENCAP_L3/L4 flags to further specify the tunnel
 *                type; *len* is the length of the inner MAC header.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2_ETH**:
 *                Use with BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2 flag to further specify the
 *                L2 type as Ethernet.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_redirect_map(struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to the endpoint referenced by *map* at
 *              index *key*. Depending on its type, this *map* can contain
 *              references to net devices (for forwarding packets through other
 *              ports), or to CPUs (for redirecting XDP frames to another CPU;
 *              but this is only implemented for native XDP (with driver
 *              support) as of this writing).
 *
 *              The lower two bits of *flags* are used as the return code if
 *              the map lookup fails. This is so that the return value can be
 *              one of the XDP program return codes up to **XDP_TX**, as chosen
 *              by the caller. The higher bits of *flags* can be set to
 *              BPF_F_BROADCAST or BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS as defined below.
 *
 *              With BPF_F_BROADCAST the packet will be broadcasted to all the
 *              interfaces in the map, with BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS the ingress
 *              interface will be excluded when do broadcasting.
 *
 *              See also **bpf_redirect**\ (), which only supports redirecting
 *              to an ifindex, but doesn't require a map to do so.
 *      Return
 *              **XDP_REDIRECT** on success, or the value of the two lower bits
 *              of the *flags* argument on error.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_redirect_map(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP**) at index *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress path otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_sock_map_update(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Add an entry to, or update a *map* referencing sockets. The
 *              *skops* is used as a new value for the entry associated to
 *              *key*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must not exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must already exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      No condition on the existence of the entry for *key*.
 *
 *              If the *map* has eBPF programs (parser and verdict), those will
 *              be inherited by the socket being added. If the socket is
 *              already attached to eBPF programs, this results in an error.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_adjust_meta(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, int delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust the address pointed by *xdp_md*\ **->data_meta** by
 *              *delta* (which can be positive or negative). Note that this
 *              operation modifies the address stored in *xdp_md*\ **->data**,
 *              so the latter must be loaded only after the helper has been
 *              called.
 *
 *              The use of *xdp_md*\ **->data_meta** is optional and programs
 *              are not required to use it. The rationale is that when the
 *              packet is processed with XDP (e.g. as DoS filter), it is
 *              possible to push further meta data along with it before passing
 *              to the stack, and to give the guarantee that an ingress eBPF
 *              program attached as a TC classifier on the same device can pick
 *              this up for further post-processing. Since TC works with socket
 *              buffers, it remains possible to set from XDP the **mark** or
 *              **priority** pointers, or other pointers for the socket buffer.
 *              Having this scratch space generic and programmable allows for
 *              more flexibility as the user is free to store whatever meta
 *              data they need.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_perf_event_read_value(struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, struct bpf_perf_event_value *buf, u32 buf_size)
 *      Description
 *              Read the value of a perf event counter, and store it into *buf*
 *              of size *buf_size*. This helper relies on a *map* of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. The nature of the perf event
 *              counter is selected when *map* is updated with perf event file
 *              descriptors. The *map* is an array whose size is the number of
 *              available CPUs, and each cell contains a value relative to one
 *              CPU. The value to retrieve is indicated by *flags*, that
 *              contains the index of the CPU to look up, masked with
 *              **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**. Alternatively, *flags* can be set to
 *              **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU** to indicate that the value for the
 *              current CPU should be retrieved.
 *
 *              This helper behaves in a way close to
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read**\ () helper, save that instead of
 *              just returning the value observed, it fills the *buf*
 *              structure. This allows for additional data to be retrieved: in
 *              particular, the enabled and running times (in *buf*\
 *              **->enabled** and *buf*\ **->running**, respectively) are
 *              copied. In general, **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () is
 *              recommended over **bpf_perf_event_read**\ (), which has some
 *              ABI issues and provides fewer functionalities.
 *
 *              These values are interesting, because hardware PMU (Performance
 *              Monitoring Unit) counters are limited resources. When there are
 *              more PMU based perf events opened than available counters,
 *              kernel will multiplex these events so each event gets certain
 *              percentage (but not all) of the PMU time. In case that
 *              multiplexing happens, the number of samples or counter value
 *              will not reflect the case compared to when no multiplexing
 *              occurs. This makes comparison between different runs difficult.
 *              Typically, the counter value should be normalized before
 *              comparing to other experiments. The usual normalization is done
 *              as follows.
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      normalized_counter = counter * t_enabled / t_running
 *
 *              Where t_enabled is the time enabled for event and t_running is
 *              the time running for event since last normalization. The
 *              enabled and running times are accumulated since the perf event
 *              open. To achieve scaling factor between two invocations of an
 *              eBPF program, users can use CPU id as the key (which is
 *              typical for perf array usage model) to remember the previous
 *              value and do the calculation inside the eBPF program.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_perf_prog_read_value(struct bpf_perf_event_data *ctx, struct bpf_perf_event_value *buf, u32 buf_size)
 *      Description
 *              For en eBPF program attached to a perf event, retrieve the
 *              value of the event counter associated to *ctx* and store it in
 *              the structure pointed by *buf* and of size *buf_size*. Enabled
 *              and running times are also stored in the structure (see
 *              description of helper **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () for
 *              more details).
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_getsockopt(void *bpf_socket, int level, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
 *      Description
 *              Emulate a call to **getsockopt()** on the socket associated to
 *              *bpf_socket*, which must be a full socket. The *level* at
 *              which the option resides and the name *optname* of the option
 *              must be specified, see **getsockopt(2)** for more information.
 *              The retrieved value is stored in the structure pointed by
 *              *opval* and of length *optlen*.
 *
 *              *bpf_socket* should be one of the following:
 *
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_ops** for **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**.
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_addr** for **BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT**
 *                and **BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT**.
 *
 *              This helper actually implements a subset of **getsockopt()**.
 *              It supports the following *level*\ s:
 *
 *              * **IPPROTO_TCP**, which supports *optname*
 *                **TCP_CONGESTION**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IP**, which supports *optname* **IP_TOS**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IPV6**, which supports *optname* **IPV6_TCLASS**.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_override_return(struct pt_regs *regs, u64 rc)
 *      Description
 *              Used for error injection, this helper uses kprobes to override
 *              the return value of the probed function, and to set it to *rc*.
 *              The first argument is the context *regs* on which the kprobe
 *              works.
 *
 *              This helper works by setting the PC (program counter)
 *              to an override function which is run in place of the original
 *              probed function. This means the probed function is not run at
 *              all. The replacement function just returns with the required
 *              value.
 *
 *              This helper has security implications, and thus is subject to
 *              restrictions. It is only available if the kernel was compiled
 *              with the **CONFIG_BPF_KPROBE_OVERRIDE** configuration
 *              option, and in this case it only works on functions tagged with
 *              **ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION** in the kernel code.
 *
 *              Also, the helper is only available for the architectures having
 *              the CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION option. As of this writing,
 *              x86 architecture is the only one to support this feature.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags_set(struct bpf_sock_ops *bpf_sock, int argval)
 *      Description
 *              Attempt to set the value of the **bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags** field
 *              for the full TCP socket associated to *bpf_sock_ops* to
 *              *argval*.
 *
 *              The primary use of this field is to determine if there should
 *              be calls to eBPF programs of type
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS** at various points in the TCP
 *              code. A program of the same type can change its value, per
 *              connection and as necessary, when the connection is
 *              established. This field is directly accessible for reading, but
 *              this helper must be used for updates in order to return an
 *              error if an eBPF program tries to set a callback that is not
 *              supported in the current kernel.
 *
 *              *argval* is a flag array which can combine these flags:
 *
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG** (retransmission time out)
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_RETRANS_CB_FLAG** (retransmission)
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_STATE_CB_FLAG** (TCP state change)
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTT_CB_FLAG** (every RTT)
 *
 *              Therefore, this function can be used to clear a callback flag by
 *              setting the appropriate bit to zero. e.g. to disable the RTO
 *              callback:
 *
 *              **bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags_set(bpf_sock,**
 *                      **bpf_sock->bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags & ~BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG)**
 *
 *              Here are some examples of where one could call such eBPF
 *              program:
 *
 *              * When RTO fires.
 *              * When a packet is retransmitted.
 *              * When the connection terminates.
 *              * When a packet is sent.
 *              * When a packet is received.
 *      Return
 *              Code **-EINVAL** if the socket is not a full TCP socket;
 *              otherwise, a positive number containing the bits that could not
 *              be set is returned (which comes down to 0 if all bits were set
 *              as required).
 *
 * long bpf_msg_redirect_map(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing policies at the
 *              socket level. If the message *msg* is allowed to pass (i.e. if
 *              the verdict eBPF program returns **SK_PASS**), redirect it to
 *              the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP**) at index *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress path otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_apply_bytes(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 bytes)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, apply the verdict of the eBPF program to
 *              the next *bytes* (number of bytes) of message *msg*.
 *
 *              For example, this helper can be used in the following cases:
 *
 *              * A single **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () system call
 *                contains multiple logical messages that the eBPF program is
 *                supposed to read and for which it should apply a verdict.
 *              * An eBPF program only cares to read the first *bytes* of a
 *                *msg*. If the message has a large payload, then setting up
 *                and calling the eBPF program repeatedly for all bytes, even
 *                though the verdict is already known, would create unnecessary
 *                overhead.
 *
 *              When called from within an eBPF program, the helper sets a
 *              counter internal to the BPF infrastructure, that is used to
 *              apply the last verdict to the next *bytes*. If *bytes* is
 *              smaller than the current data being processed from a
 *              **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () system call, the first
 *              *bytes* will be sent and the eBPF program will be re-run with
 *              the pointer for start of data pointing to byte number *bytes*
 *              **+ 1**. If *bytes* is larger than the current data being
 *              processed, then the eBPF verdict will be applied to multiple
 *              **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () calls until *bytes* are
 *              consumed.
 *
 *              Note that if a socket closes with the internal counter holding
 *              a non-zero value, this is not a problem because data is not
 *              being buffered for *bytes* and is sent as it is received.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_msg_cork_bytes(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 bytes)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, prevent the execution of the verdict eBPF
 *              program for message *msg* until *bytes* (byte number) have been
 *              accumulated.
 *
 *              This can be used when one needs a specific number of bytes
 *              before a verdict can be assigned, even if the data spans
 *              multiple **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () calls. The extreme
 *              case would be a user calling **sendmsg**\ () repeatedly with
 *              1-byte long message segments. Obviously, this is bad for
 *              performance, but it is still valid. If the eBPF program needs
 *              *bytes* bytes to validate a header, this helper can be used to
 *              prevent the eBPF program to be called again until *bytes* have
 *              been accumulated.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_msg_pull_data(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 start, u32 end, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, pull in non-linear data from user space
 *              for *msg* and set pointers *msg*\ **->data** and *msg*\
 *              **->data_end** to *start* and *end* bytes offsets into *msg*,
 *              respectively.
 *
 *              If a program of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG** is run on a
 *              *msg* it can only parse data that the (**data**, **data_end**)
 *              pointers have already consumed. For **sendmsg**\ () hooks this
 *              is likely the first scatterlist element. But for calls relying
 *              on the **sendpage** handler (e.g. **sendfile**\ ()) this will
 *              be the range (**0**, **0**) because the data is shared with
 *              user space and by default the objective is to avoid allowing
 *              user space to modify data while (or after) eBPF verdict is
 *              being decided. This helper can be used to pull in data and to
 *              set the start and end pointer to given values. Data will be
 *              copied if necessary (i.e. if data was not linear and if start
 *              and end pointers do not point to the same chunk).
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_bind(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx, struct sockaddr *addr, int addr_len)
 *      Description
 *              Bind the socket associated to *ctx* to the address pointed by
 *              *addr*, of length *addr_len*. This allows for making outgoing
 *              connection from the desired IP address, which can be useful for
 *              example when all processes inside a cgroup should use one
 *              single IP address on a host that has multiple IP configured.
 *
 *              This helper works for IPv4 and IPv6, TCP and UDP sockets. The
 *              domain (*addr*\ **->sa_family**) must be **AF_INET** (or
 *              **AF_INET6**). It's advised to pass zero port (**sin_port**
 *              or **sin6_port**) which triggers IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT-like
 *              behavior and lets the kernel efficiently pick up an unused
 *              port as long as 4-tuple is unique. Passing non-zero port might
 *              lead to degraded performance.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, int delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust (move) *xdp_md*\ **->data_end** by *delta* bytes. It is
 *              possible to both shrink and grow the packet tail.
 *              Shrink done via *delta* being a negative integer.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_get_xfrm_state(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 index, struct bpf_xfrm_state *xfrm_state, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the XFRM state (IP transform framework, see also
 *              **ip-xfrm(8)**) at *index* in XFRM "security path" for *skb*.
 *
 *              The retrieved value is stored in the **struct bpf_xfrm_state**
 *              pointed by *xfrm_state* and of length *size*.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_XFRM** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_get_stack(void *ctx, void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Return a user or a kernel stack in bpf program provided buffer.
 *              To achieve this, the helper needs *ctx*, which is a pointer
 *              to the context on which the tracing program is executed.
 *              To store the stacktrace, the bpf program provides *buf* with
 *              a nonnegative *size*.
 *
 *              The last argument, *flags*, holds the number of stack frames to
 *              skip (from 0 to 255), masked with
 *              **BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK**. The next bits can be used to set
 *              the following flags:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_USER_STACK**
 *                      Collect a user space stack instead of a kernel stack.
 *              **BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID**
 *                      Collect buildid+offset instead of ips for user stack,
 *                      only valid if **BPF_F_USER_STACK** is also specified.
 *
 *              **bpf_get_stack**\ () can collect up to
 *              **PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH** both kernel and user frames, subject
 *              to sufficient large buffer size. Note that
 *              this limit can be controlled with the **sysctl** program, and
 *              that it should be manually increased in order to profile long
 *              user stacks (such as stacks for Java programs). To do so, use:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      # sysctl kernel.perf_event_max_stack=<new value>
 *      Return
 *              A non-negative value equal to or less than *size* on success,
 *              or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_load_bytes_relative(const void *skb, u32 offset, void *to, u32 len, u32 start_header)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is similar to **bpf_skb_load_bytes**\ () in that
 *              it provides an easy way to load *len* bytes from *offset*
 *              from the packet associated to *skb*, into the buffer pointed
 *              by *to*. The difference to **bpf_skb_load_bytes**\ () is that
 *              a fifth argument *start_header* exists in order to select a
 *              base offset to start from. *start_header* can be one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_HDR_START_MAC**
 *                      Base offset to load data from is *skb*'s mac header.
 *              **BPF_HDR_START_NET**
 *                      Base offset to load data from is *skb*'s network header.
 *
 *              In general, "direct packet access" is the preferred method to
 *              access packet data, however, this helper is in particular useful
 *              in socket filters where *skb*\ **->data** does not always point
 *              to the start of the mac header and where "direct packet access"
 *              is not available.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_fib_lookup(void *ctx, struct bpf_fib_lookup *params, int plen, u32 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Do FIB lookup in kernel tables using parameters in *params*.
 *              If lookup is successful and result shows packet is to be
 *              forwarded, the neighbor tables are searched for the nexthop.
 *              If successful (ie., FIB lookup shows forwarding and nexthop
 *              is resolved), the nexthop address is returned in ipv4_dst
 *              or ipv6_dst based on family, smac is set to mac address of

 *              egress device, dmac is set to nexthop mac address, rt_metric
 *              is set to metric from route (IPv4/IPv6 only), and ifindex
 *              is set to the device index of the nexthop from the FIB lookup.
 *
 *              *plen* argument is the size of the passed in struct.
 *              *flags* argument can be a combination of one or more of the
 *              following values:
 *
 *              **BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_DIRECT**
 *                      Do a direct table lookup vs full lookup using FIB
 *                      rules.
 *              **BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_OUTPUT**
 *                      Perform lookup from an egress perspective (default is
 *                      ingress).
 *
 *              *ctx* is either **struct xdp_md** for XDP programs or
 *              **struct sk_buff** tc cls_act programs.
 *      Return
 *              * < 0 if any input argument is invalid
 *              *   0 on success (packet is forwarded, nexthop neighbor exists)
 *              * > 0 one of **BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_** codes explaining why the
 *                packet is not forwarded or needs assist from full stack
 *
 *              If lookup fails with BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_FRAG_NEEDED, then the MTU
 *              was exceeded and output params->mtu_result contains the MTU.
 *
 * long bpf_sock_hash_update(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Add an entry to, or update a sockhash *map* referencing sockets.
 *              The *skops* is used as a new value for the entry associated to
 *              *key*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must not exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must already exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      No condition on the existence of the entry for *key*.
 *
 *              If the *map* has eBPF programs (parser and verdict), those will
 *              be inherited by the socket being added. If the socket is
 *              already attached to eBPF programs, this results in an error.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_redirect_hash(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing policies at the
 *              socket level. If the message *msg* is allowed to pass (i.e. if
 *              the verdict eBPF program returns **SK_PASS**), redirect it to
 *              the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH**) using hash *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress path otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_redirect_hash(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing policies at the
 *              skb socket level. If the sk_buff *skb* is allowed to pass (i.e.
 *              if the verdict eBPF program returns **SK_PASS**), redirect it
 *              to the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH**) using hash *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_push_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 type, void *hdr, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Encapsulate the packet associated to *skb* within a Layer 3
 *              protocol header. This header is provided in the buffer at
 *              address *hdr*, with *len* its size in bytes. *type* indicates
 *              the protocol of the header and can be one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6**
 *                      IPv6 encapsulation with Segment Routing Header
 *                      (**struct ipv6_sr_hdr**). *hdr* only contains the SRH,
 *                      the IPv6 header is computed by the kernel.
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6_INLINE**
 *                      Only works if *skb* contains an IPv6 packet. Insert a
 *                      Segment Routing Header (**struct ipv6_sr_hdr**) inside
 *                      the IPv6 header.
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_IP**
 *                      IP encapsulation (GRE/GUE/IPIP/etc). The outer header
 *                      must be IPv4 or IPv6, followed by zero or more
 *                      additional headers, up to **LWT_BPF_MAX_HEADROOM**
 *                      total bytes in all prepended headers. Please note that
 *                      if **skb_is_gso**\ (*skb*) is true, no more than two
 *                      headers can be prepended, and the inner header, if
 *                      present, should be either GRE or UDP/GUE.
 *
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6**\ \* types can be called by BPF programs
 *              of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN**; **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_IP** type can
 *              be called by bpf programs of types **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN** and
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT**.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_seg6_store_bytes(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, const void *from, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Store *len* bytes from address *from* into the packet
 *              associated to *skb*, at *offset*. Only the flags, tag and TLVs
 *              inside the outermost IPv6 Segment Routing Header can be
 *              modified through this helper.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_seg6_adjust_srh(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, s32 delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust the size allocated to TLVs in the outermost IPv6
 *              Segment Routing Header contained in the packet associated to
 *              *skb*, at position *offset* by *delta* bytes. Only offsets
 *              after the segments are accepted. *delta* can be as well
 *              positive (growing) as negative (shrinking).
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_seg6_action(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 action, void *param, u32 param_len)
 *      Description
 *              Apply an IPv6 Segment Routing action of type *action* to the
 *              packet associated to *skb*. Each action takes a parameter
 *              contained at address *param*, and of length *param_len* bytes.
 *              *action* can be one of:
 *
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_X**
 *                      End.X action: Endpoint with Layer-3 cross-connect.
 *                      Type of *param*: **struct in6_addr**.
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_T**
 *                      End.T action: Endpoint with specific IPv6 table lookup.
 *                      Type of *param*: **int**.
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_B6**
 *                      End.B6 action: Endpoint bound to an SRv6 policy.
 *                      Type of *param*: **struct ipv6_sr_hdr**.
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_B6_ENCAP**
 *                      End.B6.Encap action: Endpoint bound to an SRv6
 *                      encapsulation policy.
 *                      Type of *param*: **struct ipv6_sr_hdr**.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_rc_repeat(void *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing IR decoding, to
 *              report a successfully decoded repeat key message. This delays
 *              the generation of a key up event for previously generated
 *              key down event.
 *
 *              Some IR protocols like NEC have a special IR message for
 *              repeating last button, for when a button is held down.
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the lirc sample as passed into
 *              the program.
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**".
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_rc_keydown(void *ctx, u32 protocol, u64 scancode, u32 toggle)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing IR decoding, to
 *              report a successfully decoded key press with *scancode*,
 *              *toggle* value in the given *protocol*. The scancode will be
 *              translated to a keycode using the rc keymap, and reported as
 *              an input key down event. After a period a key up event is
 *              generated. This period can be extended by calling either
 *              **bpf_rc_keydown**\ () again with the same values, or calling
 *              **bpf_rc_repeat**\ ().
 *
 *              Some protocols include a toggle bit, in case the button was
 *              released and pressed again between consecutive scancodes.
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the lirc sample as passed into
 *              the program.
 *
 *              The *protocol* is the decoded protocol number (see
 *              **enum rc_proto** for some predefined values).
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**".
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * u64 bpf_skb_cgroup_id(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Return the cgroup v2 id of the socket associated with the *skb*.
 *              This is roughly similar to the **bpf_get_cgroup_classid**\ ()
 *              helper for cgroup v1 by providing a tag resp. identifier that
 *              can be matched on or used for map lookups e.g. to implement
 *              policy. The cgroup v2 id of a given path in the hierarchy is
 *              exposed in user space through the f_handle API in order to get
 *              to the same 64-bit id.
 *
 *              This helper can be used on TC egress path, but not on ingress,
 *              and is available only if the kernel was compiled with the
 *              **CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_cgroup_id(void)
 *      Return
 *              A 64-bit integer containing the current cgroup id based
 *              on the cgroup within which the current task is running.
 *
 * void *bpf_get_local_storage(void *map, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get the pointer to the local storage area.
 *              The type and the size of the local storage is defined
 *              by the *map* argument.
 *              The *flags* meaning is specific for each map type,
 *              and has to be 0 for cgroup local storage.
 *
 *              Depending on the BPF program type, a local storage area
 *              can be shared between multiple instances of the BPF program,
 *              running simultaneously.
 *
 *              A user should care about the synchronization by himself.
 *              For example, by using the **BPF_ATOMIC** instructions to alter
 *              the shared data.
 *      Return
 *              A pointer to the local storage area.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_select_reuseport(struct sk_reuseport_md *reuse, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Select a **SO_REUSEPORT** socket from a
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_REUSEPORT_SOCKARRAY** *map*.
 *              It checks the selected socket is matching the incoming
 *              request in the socket buffer.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_skb_ancestor_cgroup_id(struct sk_buff *skb, int ancestor_level)
 *      Description
 *              Return id of cgroup v2 that is ancestor of cgroup associated
 *              with the *skb* at the *ancestor_level*.  The root cgroup is at
 *              *ancestor_level* zero and each step down the hierarchy
 *              increments the level. If *ancestor_level* == level of cgroup
 *              associated with *skb*, then return value will be same as that
 *              of **bpf_skb_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *
 *              The helper is useful to implement policies based on cgroups
 *              that are upper in hierarchy than immediate cgroup associated
 *              with *skb*.
 *
 *              The format of returned id and helper limitations are same as in
 *              **bpf_skb_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_lookup_tcp(void *ctx, struct bpf_sock_tuple *tuple, u32 tuple_size, u64 netns, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Look for TCP socket matching *tuple*, optionally in a child
 *              network namespace *netns*. The return value must be checked,
 *              and if non-**NULL**, released via **bpf_sk_release**\ ().
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the context of the program, such as
 *              the skb or socket (depending on the hook in use). This is used
 *              to determine the base network namespace for the lookup.
 *
 *              *tuple_size* must be one of:
 *
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv4**)
 *                      Look for an IPv4 socket.
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv6**)
 *                      Look for an IPv6 socket.
 *
 *              If the *netns* is a negative signed 32-bit integer, then the
 *              socket lookup table in the netns associated with the *ctx*
 *              will be used. For the TC hooks, this is the netns of the device
 *              in the skb. For socket hooks, this is the netns of the socket.
 *              If *netns* is any other signed 32-bit value greater than or
 *              equal to zero then it specifies the ID of the netns relative to
 *              the netns associated with the *ctx*. *netns* values beyond the
 *              range of 32-bit integers are reserved for future use.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_NET** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to **struct bpf_sock**, or **NULL** in case of failure.
 *              For sockets with reuseport option, the **struct bpf_sock**
 *              result is from *reuse*\ **->socks**\ [] using the hash of the
 *              tuple.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_lookup_udp(void *ctx, struct bpf_sock_tuple *tuple, u32 tuple_size, u64 netns, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Look for UDP socket matching *tuple*, optionally in a child
 *              network namespace *netns*. The return value must be checked,
 *              and if non-**NULL**, released via **bpf_sk_release**\ ().
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the context of the program, such as
 *              the skb or socket (depending on the hook in use). This is used
 *              to determine the base network namespace for the lookup.
 *
 *              *tuple_size* must be one of:
 *
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv4**)
 *                      Look for an IPv4 socket.
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv6**)
 *                      Look for an IPv6 socket.
 *
 *              If the *netns* is a negative signed 32-bit integer, then the
 *              socket lookup table in the netns associated with the *ctx*
 *              will be used. For the TC hooks, this is the netns of the device
 *              in the skb. For socket hooks, this is the netns of the socket.
 *              If *netns* is any other signed 32-bit value greater than or
 *              equal to zero then it specifies the ID of the netns relative to
 *              the netns associated with the *ctx*. *netns* values beyond the
 *              range of 32-bit integers are reserved for future use.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_NET** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to **struct bpf_sock**, or **NULL** in case of failure.
 *              For sockets with reuseport option, the **struct bpf_sock**
 *              result is from *reuse*\ **->socks**\ [] using the hash of the
 *              tuple.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_release(void *sock)
 *      Description
 *              Release the reference held by *sock*. *sock* must be a
 *              non-**NULL** pointer that was returned from
 *              **bpf_sk_lookup_xxx**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_push_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Push an element *value* in *map*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      If the queue/stack is full, the oldest element is
 *                      removed to make room for this.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_pop_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *value)
 *      Description
 *              Pop an element from *map*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_peek_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *value)
 *      Description
 *              Get an element from *map* without removing it.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_push_data(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 start, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, insert *len* bytes into *msg* at offset
 *              *start*.
 *
 *              If a program of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG** is run on a
 *              *msg* it may want to insert metadata or options into the *msg*.
 *              This can later be read and used by any of the lower layer BPF
 *              hooks.
 *
 *              This helper may fail if under memory pressure (a malloc
 *              fails) in these cases BPF programs will get an appropriate
 *              error and BPF programs will need to handle them.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_pop_data(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 start, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Will remove *len* bytes from a *msg* starting at byte *start*.
 *              This may result in **ENOMEM** errors under certain situations if
 *              an allocation and copy are required due to a full ring buffer.
 *              However, the helper will try to avoid doing the allocation
 *              if possible. Other errors can occur if input parameters are
 *              invalid either due to *start* byte not being valid part of *msg*
 *              payload and/or *pop* value being to large.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_rc_pointer_rel(void *ctx, s32 rel_x, s32 rel_y)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing IR decoding, to
 *              report a successfully decoded pointer movement.
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the lirc sample as passed into
 *              the program.
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**".
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_spin_lock(struct bpf_spin_lock *lock)
 *      Description
 *              Acquire a spinlock represented by the pointer *lock*, which is
 *              stored as part of a value of a map. Taking the lock allows to
 *              safely update the rest of the fields in that value. The
 *              spinlock can (and must) later be released with a call to
 *              **bpf_spin_unlock**\ (\ *lock*\ ).
 *
 *              Spinlocks in BPF programs come with a number of restrictions
 *              and constraints:
 *
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** objects are only allowed inside maps of
 *                types **BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH** and **BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY** (this
 *                list could be extended in the future).
 *              * BTF description of the map is mandatory.
 *              * The BPF program can take ONE lock at a time, since taking two
 *                or more could cause dead locks.
 *              * Only one **struct bpf_spin_lock** is allowed per map element.
 *              * When the lock is taken, calls (either BPF to BPF or helpers)
 *                are not allowed.
 *              * The **BPF_LD_ABS** and **BPF_LD_IND** instructions are not
 *                allowed inside a spinlock-ed region.
 *              * The BPF program MUST call **bpf_spin_unlock**\ () to release
 *                the lock, on all execution paths, before it returns.
 *              * The BPF program can access **struct bpf_spin_lock** only via
 *                the **bpf_spin_lock**\ () and **bpf_spin_unlock**\ ()
 *                helpers. Loading or storing data into the **struct
 *                bpf_spin_lock** *lock*\ **;** field of a map is not allowed.
 *              * To use the **bpf_spin_lock**\ () helper, the BTF description
 *                of the map value must be a struct and have **struct
 *                bpf_spin_lock** *anyname*\ **;** field at the top level.
 *                Nested lock inside another struct is not allowed.
 *              * The **struct bpf_spin_lock** *lock* field in a map value must
 *                be aligned on a multiple of 4 bytes in that value.
 *              * Syscall with command **BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM** does not copy
 *                the **bpf_spin_lock** field to user space.
 *              * Syscall with command **BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM**, or update from
 *                a BPF program, do not update the **bpf_spin_lock** field.
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** cannot be on the stack or inside a
 *                networking packet (it can only be inside of a map values).
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** is available to root only.
 *              * Tracing programs and socket filter programs cannot use
 *                **bpf_spin_lock**\ () due to insufficient preemption checks
 *                (but this may change in the future).
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** is not allowed in inner maps of map-in-map.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_spin_unlock(struct bpf_spin_lock *lock)
 *      Description
 *              Release the *lock* previously locked by a call to
 *              **bpf_spin_lock**\ (\ *lock*\ ).
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_fullsock(struct bpf_sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              This helper gets a **struct bpf_sock** pointer such
 *              that all the fields in this **bpf_sock** can be accessed.
 *      Return
 *              A **struct bpf_sock** pointer on success, or **NULL** in
 *              case of failure.
 *
 * struct bpf_tcp_sock *bpf_tcp_sock(struct bpf_sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              This helper gets a **struct bpf_tcp_sock** pointer from a
 *              **struct bpf_sock** pointer.
 *      Return
 *              A **struct bpf_tcp_sock** pointer on success, or **NULL** in
 *              case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_ecn_set_ce(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Set ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) field of IP header
 *              to **CE** (Congestion Encountered) if current value is **ECT**
 *              (ECN Capable Transport). Otherwise, do nothing. Works with IPv6
 *              and IPv4.
 *      Return
 *              1 if the **CE** flag is set (either by the current helper call
 *              or because it was already present), 0 if it is not set.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_get_listener_sock(struct bpf_sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Return a **struct bpf_sock** pointer in **TCP_LISTEN** state.
 *              **bpf_sk_release**\ () is unnecessary and not allowed.
 *      Return
 *              A **struct bpf_sock** pointer on success, or **NULL** in
 *              case of failure.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_skc_lookup_tcp(void *ctx, struct bpf_sock_tuple *tuple, u32 tuple_size, u64 netns, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Look for TCP socket matching *tuple*, optionally in a child
 *              network namespace *netns*. The return value must be checked,
 *              and if non-**NULL**, released via **bpf_sk_release**\ ().
 *
 *              This function is identical to **bpf_sk_lookup_tcp**\ (), except
 *              that it also returns timewait or request sockets. Use
 *              **bpf_sk_fullsock**\ () or **bpf_tcp_sock**\ () to access the
 *              full structure.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_NET** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to **struct bpf_sock**, or **NULL** in case of failure.
 *              For sockets with reuseport option, the **struct bpf_sock**
 *              result is from *reuse*\ **->socks**\ [] using the hash of the
 *              tuple.
 *
 * long bpf_tcp_check_syncookie(void *sk, void *iph, u32 iph_len, struct tcphdr *th, u32 th_len)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether *iph* and *th* contain a valid SYN cookie ACK for
 *              the listening socket in *sk*.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the start of the IPv4 or IPv6 header, while
 *              *iph_len* contains **sizeof**\ (**struct iphdr**) or
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct ip6hdr**).
 *
 *              *th* points to the start of the TCP header, while *th_len*
 *              contains **sizeof**\ (**struct tcphdr**).
 *      Return
 *              0 if *iph* and *th* are a valid SYN cookie ACK, or a negative
 *              error otherwise.
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_get_name(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, char *buf, size_t buf_len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get name of sysctl in /proc/sys/ and copy it into provided by
 *              program buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              The buffer is always NUL terminated, unless it's zero-sized.
 *
 *              If *flags* is zero, full name (e.g. "net/ipv4/tcp_mem") is
 *              copied. Use **BPF_F_SYSCTL_BASE_NAME** flag to copy base name
 *              only (e.g. "tcp_mem").
 *      Return
 *              Number of character copied (not including the trailing NUL).
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the buffer wasn't big enough (*buf* will contain
 *              truncated name in this case).
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_get_current_value(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, char *buf, size_t buf_len)
 *      Description
 *              Get current value of sysctl as it is presented in /proc/sys
 *              (incl. newline, etc), and copy it as a string into provided
 *              by program buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              The whole value is copied, no matter what file position user
 *              space issued e.g. sys_read at.
 *
 *              The buffer is always NUL terminated, unless it's zero-sized.
 *      Return
 *              Number of character copied (not including the trailing NUL).
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the buffer wasn't big enough (*buf* will contain
 *              truncated name in this case).
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if current value was unavailable, e.g. because
 *              sysctl is uninitialized and read returns -EIO for it.
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_get_new_value(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, char *buf, size_t buf_len)
 *      Description
 *              Get new value being written by user space to sysctl (before
 *              the actual write happens) and copy it as a string into
 *              provided by program buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              User space may write new value at file position > 0.
 *
 *              The buffer is always NUL terminated, unless it's zero-sized.
 *      Return
 *              Number of character copied (not including the trailing NUL).
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the buffer wasn't big enough (*buf* will contain
 *              truncated name in this case).
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if sysctl is being read.
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_set_new_value(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, const char *buf, size_t buf_len)
 *      Description
 *              Override new value being written by user space to sysctl with
 *              value provided by program in buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              *buf* should contain a string in same form as provided by user
 *              space on sysctl write.
 *
 *              User space may write new value at file position > 0. To override
 *              the whole sysctl value file position should be set to zero.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the *buf_len* is too big.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if sysctl is being read.
 *
 * long bpf_strtol(const char *buf, size_t buf_len, u64 flags, long *res)
 *      Description
 *              Convert the initial part of the string from buffer *buf* of
 *              size *buf_len* to a long integer according to the given base
 *              and save the result in *res*.
 *
 *              The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space
 *              (as determined by **isspace**\ (3)) followed by a single
 *              optional '**-**' sign.
 *
 *              Five least significant bits of *flags* encode base, other bits
 *              are currently unused.
 *
 *              Base must be either 8, 10, 16 or 0 to detect it automatically
 *              similar to user space **strtol**\ (3).
 *      Return
 *              Number of characters consumed on success. Must be positive but
 *              no more than *buf_len*.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if no valid digits were found or unsupported base
 *              was provided.
 *
 *              **-ERANGE** if resulting value was out of range.
 *
 * long bpf_strtoul(const char *buf, size_t buf_len, u64 flags, unsigned long *res)
 *      Description
 *              Convert the initial part of the string from buffer *buf* of
 *              size *buf_len* to an unsigned long integer according to the
 *              given base and save the result in *res*.
 *
 *              The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space
 *              (as determined by **isspace**\ (3)).
 *
 *              Five least significant bits of *flags* encode base, other bits
 *              are currently unused.
 *
 *              Base must be either 8, 10, 16 or 0 to detect it automatically
 *              similar to user space **strtoul**\ (3).
 *      Return
 *              Number of characters consumed on success. Must be positive but
 *              no more than *buf_len*.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if no valid digits were found or unsupported base
 *              was provided.
 *
 *              **-ERANGE** if resulting value was out of range.
 *
 * void *bpf_sk_storage_get(struct bpf_map *map, void *sk, void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get a bpf-local-storage from a *sk*.
 *
 *              Logically, it could be thought of getting the value from
 *              a *map* with *sk* as the **key**.  From this
 *              perspective,  the usage is not much different from
 *              **bpf_map_lookup_elem**\ (*map*, **&**\ *sk*) except this
 *              helper enforces the key must be a full socket and the map must
 *              be a **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_STORAGE** also.
 *
 *              Underneath, the value is stored locally at *sk* instead of
 *              the *map*.  The *map* is used as the bpf-local-storage
 *              "type". The bpf-local-storage "type" (i.e. the *map*) is
 *              searched against all bpf-local-storages residing at *sk*.
 *
 *              *sk* is a kernel **struct sock** pointer for LSM program.
 *              *sk* is a **struct bpf_sock** pointer for other program types.
 *
 *              An optional *flags* (**BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE**) can be
 *              used such that a new bpf-local-storage will be
 *              created if one does not exist.  *value* can be used
 *              together with **BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE** to specify
 *              the initial value of a bpf-local-storage.  If *value* is
 *              **NULL**, the new bpf-local-storage will be zero initialized.
 *      Return
 *              A bpf-local-storage pointer is returned on success.
 *
 *              **NULL** if not found or there was an error in adding
 *              a new bpf-local-storage.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_storage_delete(struct bpf_map *map, void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Delete a bpf-local-storage from a *sk*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if the bpf-local-storage cannot be found.
 *              **-EINVAL** if sk is not a fullsock (e.g. a request_sock).
 *
 * long bpf_send_signal(u32 sig)
 *      Description
 *              Send signal *sig* to the process of the current task.
 *              The signal may be delivered to any of this process's threads.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success or successfully queued.
 *
 *              **-EBUSY** if work queue under nmi is full.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *sig* is invalid.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if no permission to send the *sig*.
 *
 *              **-EAGAIN** if bpf program can try again.
 *
 * s64 bpf_tcp_gen_syncookie(void *sk, void *iph, u32 iph_len, struct tcphdr *th, u32 th_len)
 *      Description
 *              Try to issue a SYN cookie for the packet with corresponding
 *              IP/TCP headers, *iph* and *th*, on the listening socket in *sk*.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the start of the IPv4 or IPv6 header, while
 *              *iph_len* contains **sizeof**\ (**struct iphdr**) or
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct ip6hdr**).
 *
 *              *th* points to the start of the TCP header, while *th_len*
 *              contains the length of the TCP header.
 *      Return
 *              On success, lower 32 bits hold the generated SYN cookie in
 *              followed by 16 bits which hold the MSS value for that cookie,
 *              and the top 16 bits are unused.
 *
 *              On failure, the returned value is one of the following:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** SYN cookie cannot be issued due to error
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** SYN cookie should not be issued (no SYN flood)
 *
 *              **-EOPNOTSUPP** kernel configuration does not enable SYN cookies
 *
 *              **-EPROTONOSUPPORT** IP packet version is not 4 or 6
 *
 * long bpf_skb_output(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, void *data, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Write raw *data* blob into a special BPF perf event held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. This perf
 *              event must have the following attributes: **PERF_SAMPLE_RAW**
 *              as **sample_type**, **PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE** as **type**, and
 *              **PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT** as **config**.
 *
 *              The *flags* are used to indicate the index in *map* for which
 *              the value must be put, masked with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**.
 *              Alternatively, *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU**
 *              to indicate that the index of the current CPU core should be
 *              used.
 *
 *              The value to write, of *size*, is passed through eBPF stack and
 *              pointed by *data*.
 *
 *              *ctx* is a pointer to in-kernel struct sk_buff.
 *
 *              This helper is similar to **bpf_perf_event_output**\ () but
 *              restricted to raw_tracepoint bpf programs.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_user(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from user space address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_kernel(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from kernel space address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_user_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe user address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. The *size* should include the
 *              terminating NUL byte. In case the string length is smaller than
 *              *size*, the target is not padded with further NUL bytes. If the
 *              string length is larger than *size*, just *size*-1 bytes are
 *              copied and the last byte is set to NUL.
 *
 *              On success, returns the number of bytes that were written,
 *              including the terminal NUL. This makes this helper useful in
 *              tracing programs for reading strings, and more importantly to
 *              get its length at runtime. See the following snippet:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      SEC("kprobe/sys_open")
 *                      void bpf_sys_open(struct pt_regs *ctx)
 *                      {
 *                              char buf[PATHLEN]; // PATHLEN is defined to 256
 *                              int res = bpf_probe_read_user_str(buf, sizeof(buf),
 *                                                                ctx->di);
 *
 *                              // Consume buf, for example push it to
 *                              // userspace via bpf_perf_event_output(); we
 *                              // can use res (the string length) as event
 *                              // size, after checking its boundaries.
 *                      }
 *
 *              In comparison, using **bpf_probe_read_user**\ () helper here
 *              instead to read the string would require to estimate the length
 *              at compile time, and would often result in copying more memory
 *              than necessary.
 *
 *              Another useful use case is when parsing individual process
 *              arguments or individual environment variables navigating
 *              *current*\ **->mm->arg_start** and *current*\
 *              **->mm->env_start**: using this helper and the return value,
 *              one can quickly iterate at the right offset of the memory area.
 *      Return
 *              On success, the strictly positive length of the output string,
 *              including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
 *              value.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_kernel_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address *unsafe_ptr*
 *              to *dst*. Same semantics as with **bpf_probe_read_user_str**\ () apply.
 *      Return
 *              On success, the strictly positive length of the string, including
 *              the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative value.
 *
 * long bpf_tcp_send_ack(void *tp, u32 rcv_nxt)
 *      Description
 *              Send out a tcp-ack. *tp* is the in-kernel struct **tcp_sock**.
 *              *rcv_nxt* is the ack_seq to be sent out.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_send_signal_thread(u32 sig)
 *      Description
 *              Send signal *sig* to the thread corresponding to the current task.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success or successfully queued.
 *
 *              **-EBUSY** if work queue under nmi is full.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *sig* is invalid.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if no permission to send the *sig*.
 *
 *              **-EAGAIN** if bpf program can try again.
 *
 * u64 bpf_jiffies64(void)
 *      Description
 *              Obtain the 64bit jiffies
 *      Return
 *              The 64 bit jiffies
 *
 * long bpf_read_branch_records(struct bpf_perf_event_data *ctx, void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For an eBPF program attached to a perf event, retrieve the
 *              branch records (**struct perf_branch_entry**) associated to *ctx*
 *              and store it in the buffer pointed by *buf* up to size
 *              *size* bytes.
 *      Return
 *              On success, number of bytes written to *buf*. On error, a
 *              negative value.
 *
 *              The *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_GET_BRANCH_RECORDS_SIZE** to
 *              instead return the number of bytes required to store all the
 *              branch entries. If this flag is set, *buf* may be NULL.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if arguments invalid or **size** not a multiple
 *              of **sizeof**\ (**struct perf_branch_entry**\ ).
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if architecture does not support branch records.
 *
 * long bpf_get_ns_current_pid_tgid(u64 dev, u64 ino, struct bpf_pidns_info *nsdata, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Returns 0 on success, values for *pid* and *tgid* as seen from the current
 *              *namespace* will be returned in *nsdata*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or one of the following in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if dev and inum supplied don't match dev_t and inode number
 *              with nsfs of current task, or if dev conversion to dev_t lost high bits.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if pidns does not exists for the current task.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_output(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, void *data, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Write raw *data* blob into a special BPF perf event held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. This perf
 *              event must have the following attributes: **PERF_SAMPLE_RAW**
 *              as **sample_type**, **PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE** as **type**, and
 *              **PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT** as **config**.
 *
 *              The *flags* are used to indicate the index in *map* for which
 *              the value must be put, masked with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**.
 *              Alternatively, *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU**
 *              to indicate that the index of the current CPU core should be
 *              used.
 *
 *              The value to write, of *size*, is passed through eBPF stack and
 *              pointed by *data*.
 *
 *              *ctx* is a pointer to in-kernel struct xdp_buff.
 *
 *              This helper is similar to **bpf_perf_eventoutput**\ () but
 *              restricted to raw_tracepoint bpf programs.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_netns_cookie(void *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the cookie (generated by the kernel) of the network
 *              namespace the input *ctx* is associated with. The network
 *              namespace cookie remains stable for its lifetime and provides
 *              a global identifier that can be assumed unique. If *ctx* is
 *              NULL, then the helper returns the cookie for the initial
 *              network namespace. The cookie itself is very similar to that
 *              of **bpf_get_socket_cookie**\ () helper, but for network
 *              namespaces instead of sockets.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long opaque number.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_ancestor_cgroup_id(int ancestor_level)
 *      Description
 *              Return id of cgroup v2 that is ancestor of the cgroup associated
 *              with the current task at the *ancestor_level*. The root cgroup
 *              is at *ancestor_level* zero and each step down the hierarchy
 *              increments the level. If *ancestor_level* == level of cgroup
 *              associated with the current task, then return value will be the
 *              same as that of **bpf_get_current_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *
 *              The helper is useful to implement policies based on cgroups
 *              that are upper in hierarchy than immediate cgroup associated
 *              with the current task.
 *
 *              The format of returned id and helper limitations are same as in
 *              **bpf_get_current_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_assign(struct sk_buff *skb, void *sk, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Helper is overloaded depending on BPF program type. This
 *              description applies to **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS** and
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT** programs.
 *
 *              Assign the *sk* to the *skb*. When combined with appropriate
 *              routing configuration to receive the packet towards the socket,
 *              will cause *skb* to be delivered to the specified socket.
 *              Subsequent redirection of *skb* via  **bpf_redirect**\ (),
 *              **bpf_clone_redirect**\ () or other methods outside of BPF may
 *              interfere with successful delivery to the socket.
 *
 *              This operation is only valid from TC ingress path.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument must be zero.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if specified *flags* are not supported.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if the socket is unavailable for assignment.
 *
 *              **-ENETUNREACH** if the socket is unreachable (wrong netns).
 *
 *              **-EOPNOTSUPP** if the operation is not supported, for example
 *              a call from outside of TC ingress.
 *
 *              **-ESOCKTNOSUPPORT** if the socket type is not supported
 *              (reuseport).
 *
 * long bpf_sk_assign(struct bpf_sk_lookup *ctx, struct bpf_sock *sk, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Helper is overloaded depending on BPF program type. This
 *              description applies to **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP** programs.
 *
 *              Select the *sk* as a result of a socket lookup.
 *
 *              For the operation to succeed passed socket must be compatible
 *              with the packet description provided by the *ctx* object.
 *
 *              L4 protocol (**IPPROTO_TCP** or **IPPROTO_UDP**) must
 *              be an exact match. While IP family (**AF_INET** or
 *              **AF_INET6**) must be compatible, that is IPv6 sockets
 *              that are not v6-only can be selected for IPv4 packets.
 *
 *              Only TCP listeners and UDP unconnected sockets can be
 *              selected. *sk* can also be NULL to reset any previous
 *              selection.
 *