/*
 * bpf.c        BPF common code
 *
 *              This program is free software; you can distribute it and/or
 *              modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 *              as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
 *              2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Authors:     Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
 *              Jiri Pirko <jiri@resnulli.us>
 *              Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <assert.h>

#ifdef HAVE_ELF
#include <libelf.h>
#include <gelf.h>
#endif

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/vfs.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/sendfile.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include "utils.h"
#include "json_print.h"

#include "bpf_util.h"
#include "bpf_elf.h"
#include "bpf_scm.h"

struct bpf_prog_meta {
        const char *type;
        const char *subdir;
        const char *section;
        bool may_uds_export;
};

static const enum bpf_prog_type __bpf_types[] = {
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT,
};

static const struct bpf_prog_meta __bpf_prog_meta[] = {
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS] = {
                .type           = "cls",
                .subdir         = "tc",
                .section        = ELF_SECTION_CLASSIFIER,
                .may_uds_export = true,
        },
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT] = {
                .type           = "act",
                .subdir         = "tc",
                .section        = ELF_SECTION_ACTION,
                .may_uds_export = true,
        },
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP] = {
                .type           = "xdp",
                .subdir         = "xdp",
                .section        = ELF_SECTION_PROG,
        },
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN] = {
                .type           = "lwt_in",
                .subdir         = "ip",
                .section        = ELF_SECTION_PROG,
        },
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT] = {
                .type           = "lwt_out",
                .subdir         = "ip",
                .section        = ELF_SECTION_PROG,
        },
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT] = {
                .type           = "lwt_xmit",
                .subdir         = "ip",
                .section        = ELF_SECTION_PROG,
        },
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL] = {
                .type           = "lwt_seg6local",
                .subdir         = "ip",
                .section        = ELF_SECTION_PROG,
        },
};

static const char *bpf_prog_to_subdir(enum bpf_prog_type type)
{
        assert(type < ARRAY_SIZE(__bpf_prog_meta) &&
               __bpf_prog_meta[type].subdir);
        return __bpf_prog_meta[type].subdir;
}

const char *bpf_prog_to_default_section(enum bpf_prog_type type)
{
        assert(type < ARRAY_SIZE(__bpf_prog_meta) &&
               __bpf_prog_meta[type].section);
        return __bpf_prog_meta[type].section;
}

#ifdef HAVE_ELF
static int bpf_obj_open(const char *path, enum bpf_prog_type type,
                        const char *sec, __u32 ifindex, bool verbose);
#else
static int bpf_obj_open(const char *path, enum bpf_prog_type type,
                        const char *sec, __u32 ifindex, bool verbose)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "No ELF library support compiled in.\n");
        errno = ENOSYS;
        return -1;
}
#endif

static inline __u64 bpf_ptr_to_u64(const void *ptr)
{
        return (__u64)(unsigned long)ptr;
}

static int bpf(int cmd, union bpf_attr *attr, unsigned int size)
{
#ifdef __NR_bpf
        return syscall(__NR_bpf, cmd, attr, size);
#else
        fprintf(stderr, "No bpf syscall, kernel headers too old?\n");
        errno = ENOSYS;
        return -1;
#endif
}

static int bpf_map_update(int fd, const void *key, const void *value,
                          uint64_t flags)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.map_fd = fd;
        attr.key = bpf_ptr_to_u64(key);
        attr.value = bpf_ptr_to_u64(value);
        attr.flags = flags;

        return bpf(BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

static int bpf_prog_fd_by_id(uint32_t id)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.prog_id = id;

        return bpf(BPF_PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

static int bpf_prog_info_by_fd(int fd, struct bpf_prog_info *info,
                               uint32_t *info_len)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};
        int ret;

        attr.info.bpf_fd = fd;
        attr.info.info = bpf_ptr_to_u64(info);
        attr.info.info_len = *info_len;

        *info_len = 0;
        ret = bpf(BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD, &attr, sizeof(attr));
        if (!ret)
                *info_len = attr.info.info_len;

        return ret;
}

int bpf_dump_prog_info(FILE *f, uint32_t id)
{
        struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
        uint32_t len = sizeof(info);
        int fd, ret, dump_ok = 0;
        SPRINT_BUF(tmp);

        open_json_object("prog");
        print_uint(PRINT_ANY, "id", "id %u ", id);

        fd = bpf_prog_fd_by_id(id);
        if (fd < 0)
                goto out;

        ret = bpf_prog_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
        if (!ret && len) {
                int jited = !!info.jited_prog_len;

                print_string(PRINT_ANY, "tag", "tag %s ",
                             hexstring_n2a(info.tag, sizeof(info.tag),
                                           tmp, sizeof(tmp)));
                print_uint(PRINT_JSON, "jited", NULL, jited);
                if (jited && !is_json_context())
                        fprintf(f, "jited ");
                dump_ok = 1;
        }

        close(fd);
out:
        close_json_object();
        return dump_ok;
}

static int bpf_parse_string(char *arg, bool from_file, __u16 *bpf_len,
                            char **bpf_string, bool *need_release,
                            const char separator)
{
        char sp;

        if (from_file) {
                size_t tmp_len, op_len = sizeof("65535 255 255 4294967295,");
                char *tmp_string, *pos, c_prev = ' ';
                FILE *fp;
                int c;

                tmp_len = sizeof("4096,") + BPF_MAXINSNS * op_len;
                tmp_string = pos = calloc(1, tmp_len);
                if (tmp_string == NULL)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                fp = fopen(arg, "r");
                if (fp == NULL) {
                        perror("Cannot fopen");
                        free(tmp_string);
                        return -ENOENT;
                }

                while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
                        switch (c) {
                        case '\n':
                                if (c_prev != ',')
                                        *(pos++) = ',';
                                c_prev = ',';
                                break;
                        case ' ':
                        case '\t':
                                if (c_prev != ' ')
                                        *(pos++) = c;
                                c_prev = ' ';
                                break;
                        default:
                                *(pos++) = c;
                                c_prev = c;
                        }
                        if (pos - tmp_string == tmp_len)
                                break;
                }

                if (!feof(fp)) {
                        free(tmp_string);
                        fclose(fp);
                        return -E2BIG;
                }

                fclose(fp);
                *pos = 0;

                *need_release = true;
                *bpf_string = tmp_string;
        } else {
                *need_release = false;
                *bpf_string = arg;
        }

        if (sscanf(*bpf_string, "%hu%c", bpf_len, &sp) != 2 ||
            sp != separator) {
                if (*need_release)
                        free(*bpf_string);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_ops_parse(int argc, char **argv, struct sock_filter *bpf_ops,
                         bool from_file)
{
        char *bpf_string, *token, separator = ',';
        int ret = 0, i = 0;
        bool need_release;
        __u16 bpf_len = 0;

        if (argc < 1)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (bpf_parse_string(argv[0], from_file, &bpf_len, &bpf_string,
                             &need_release, separator))
                return -EINVAL;
        if (bpf_len == 0 || bpf_len > BPF_MAXINSNS) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        token = bpf_string;
        while ((token = strchr(token, separator)) && (++token)[0]) {
                if (i >= bpf_len) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Real program length exceeds encoded length parameter!\n");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                if (sscanf(token, "%hu %hhu %hhu %u,",
                           &bpf_ops[i].code, &bpf_ops[i].jt,
                           &bpf_ops[i].jf, &bpf_ops[i].k) != 4) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Error at instruction %d!\n", i);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                i++;
        }

        if (i != bpf_len) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Parsed program length is less than encoded length parameter!\n");
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }
        ret = bpf_len;
out:
        if (need_release)
                free(bpf_string);

        return ret;
}

void bpf_print_ops(struct rtattr *bpf_ops, __u16 len)
{
        struct sock_filter *ops = RTA_DATA(bpf_ops);
        int i;

        if (len == 0)
                return;

        open_json_object("bytecode");
        print_uint(PRINT_ANY, "length", "bytecode \'%u,", len);
        open_json_array(PRINT_JSON, "insns");

        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                open_json_object(NULL);
                print_hu(PRINT_ANY, "code", "%hu ", ops[i].code);
                print_hhu(PRINT_ANY, "jt", "%hhu ", ops[i].jt);
                print_hhu(PRINT_ANY, "jf", "%hhu ", ops[i].jf);
                if (i == len - 1)
                        print_uint(PRINT_ANY, "k", "%u\'", ops[i].k);
                else
                        print_uint(PRINT_ANY, "k", "%u,", ops[i].k);
                close_json_object();
        }

        close_json_array(PRINT_JSON, NULL);
        close_json_object();
}

static void bpf_map_pin_report(const struct bpf_elf_map *pin,
                               const struct bpf_elf_map *obj)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "Map specification differs from pinned file!\n");

        if (obj->type != pin->type)
                fprintf(stderr, " - Type:         %u (obj) != %u (pin)\n",
                        obj->type, pin->type);
        if (obj->size_key != pin->size_key)
                fprintf(stderr, " - Size key:     %u (obj) != %u (pin)\n",
                        obj->size_key, pin->size_key);
        if (obj->size_value != pin->size_value)
                fprintf(stderr, " - Size value:   %u (obj) != %u (pin)\n",
                        obj->size_value, pin->size_value);
        if (obj->max_elem != pin->max_elem)
                fprintf(stderr, " - Max elems:    %u (obj) != %u (pin)\n",
                        obj->max_elem, pin->max_elem);
        if (obj->flags != pin->flags)
                fprintf(stderr, " - Flags:        %#x (obj) != %#x (pin)\n",
                        obj->flags, pin->flags);

        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}

struct bpf_prog_data {
        unsigned int type;
        unsigned int jited;
};

struct bpf_map_ext {
        struct bpf_prog_data owner;
        unsigned int btf_id_key;
        unsigned int btf_id_val;
};

static int bpf_derive_elf_map_from_fdinfo(int fd, struct bpf_elf_map *map,
                                          struct bpf_map_ext *ext)
{
        unsigned int val, owner_type = 0, owner_jited = 0;
        char file[PATH_MAX], buff[4096];
        FILE *fp;

        snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "/proc/%d/fdinfo/%d", getpid(), fd);
        memset(map, 0, sizeof(*map));

        fp = fopen(file, "r");
        if (!fp) {
                fprintf(stderr, "No procfs support?!\n");
                return -EIO;
        }

        while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) {
                if (sscanf(buff, "map_type:\t%u", &val) == 1)
                        map->type = val;
                else if (sscanf(buff, "key_size:\t%u", &val) == 1)
                        map->size_key = val;
                else if (sscanf(buff, "value_size:\t%u", &val) == 1)
                        map->size_value = val;
                else if (sscanf(buff, "max_entries:\t%u", &val) == 1)
                        map->max_elem = val;
                else if (sscanf(buff, "map_flags:\t%i", &val) == 1)
                        map->flags = val;
                else if (sscanf(buff, "owner_prog_type:\t%i", &val) == 1)
                        owner_type = val;
                else if (sscanf(buff, "owner_jited:\t%i", &val) == 1)
                        owner_jited = val;
        }

        fclose(fp);
        if (ext) {
                memset(ext, 0, sizeof(*ext));
                ext->owner.type  = owner_type;
                ext->owner.jited = owner_jited;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_map_selfcheck_pinned(int fd, const struct bpf_elf_map *map,
                                    struct bpf_map_ext *ext, int length,
                                    enum bpf_prog_type type)
{
        struct bpf_elf_map tmp, zero = {};
        int ret;

        ret = bpf_derive_elf_map_from_fdinfo(fd, &tmp, ext);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        /* The decision to reject this is on kernel side eventually, but
         * at least give the user a chance to know what's wrong.
         */
        if (ext->owner.type && ext->owner.type != type)
                fprintf(stderr, "Program array map owner types differ: %u (obj) != %u (pin)\n",
                        type, ext->owner.type);

        if (!memcmp(&tmp, map, length)) {
                return 0;
        } else {
                /* If kernel doesn't have eBPF-related fdinfo, we cannot do much,
                 * so just accept it. We know we do have an eBPF fd and in this
                 * case, everything is 0. It is guaranteed that no such map exists
                 * since map type of 0 is unloadable BPF_MAP_TYPE_UNSPEC.
                 */
                if (!memcmp(&tmp, &zero, length))
                        return 0;

                bpf_map_pin_report(&tmp, map);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
}

static int bpf_mnt_fs(const char *target)
{
        bool bind_done = false;

        while (mount("", target, "none", MS_PRIVATE | MS_REC, NULL)) {
                if (errno != EINVAL || bind_done) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "mount --make-private %s failed: %s\n",
                                target, strerror(errno));
                        return -1;
                }

                if (mount(target, target, "none", MS_BIND, NULL)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "mount --bind %s %s failed: %s\n",
                                target, target, strerror(errno));
                        return -1;
                }

                bind_done = true;
        }

        if (mount("bpf", target, "bpf", 0, "mode=0700")) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mount -t bpf bpf %s failed: %s\n",
                        target, strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_mnt_check_target(const char *target)
{
        int ret;

        ret = mkdir(target, S_IRWXU);
        if (ret) {
                if (errno == EEXIST)
                        return 0;
                fprintf(stderr, "mkdir %s failed: %s\n", target,
                        strerror(errno));
        }

        return ret;
}

static int bpf_valid_mntpt(const char *mnt, unsigned long magic)
{
        struct statfs st_fs;

        if (statfs(mnt, &st_fs) < 0)
                return -ENOENT;
        if ((unsigned long)st_fs.f_type != magic)
                return -ENOENT;

        return 0;
}

static const char *bpf_find_mntpt_single(unsigned long magic, char *mnt,
                                         int len, const char *mntpt)
{
        int ret;

        ret = bpf_valid_mntpt(mntpt, magic);
        if (!ret) {
                strlcpy(mnt, mntpt, len);
                return mnt;
        }

        return NULL;
}

static const char *bpf_find_mntpt(const char *fstype, unsigned long magic,
                                  char *mnt, int len,
                                  const char * const *known_mnts)
{
        const char * const *ptr;
        char type[100];
        FILE *fp;

        if (known_mnts) {
                ptr = known_mnts;
                while (*ptr) {
                        if (bpf_find_mntpt_single(magic, mnt, len, *ptr))
                                return mnt;
                        ptr++;
                }
        }

        if (len != PATH_MAX)
                return NULL;

        fp = fopen("/proc/mounts", "r");
        if (fp == NULL)
                return NULL;

        while (fscanf(fp, "%*s %" textify(PATH_MAX) "s %99s %*s %*d %*d\n",
                      mnt, type) == 2) {
                if (strcmp(type, fstype) == 0)
                        break;
        }

        fclose(fp);
        if (strcmp(type, fstype) != 0)
                return NULL;

        return mnt;
}

int bpf_trace_pipe(void)
{
        char tracefs_mnt[PATH_MAX] = TRACE_DIR_MNT;
        static const char * const tracefs_known_mnts[] = {
                TRACE_DIR_MNT,
                "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing",
                "/tracing",
                "/trace",
                0,
        };
        int fd_in, fd_out = STDERR_FILENO;
        char tpipe[PATH_MAX];
        const char *mnt;

        mnt = bpf_find_mntpt("tracefs", TRACEFS_MAGIC, tracefs_mnt,
                             sizeof(tracefs_mnt), tracefs_known_mnts);
        if (!mnt) {
                fprintf(stderr, "tracefs not mounted?\n");
                return -1;
        }

        snprintf(tpipe, sizeof(tpipe), "%s/trace_pipe", mnt);

        fd_in = open(tpipe, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd_in < 0)
                return -1;

        fprintf(stderr, "Running! Hang up with ^C!\n\n");
        while (1) {
                static char buff[4096];
                ssize_t ret;

                ret = read(fd_in, buff, sizeof(buff));
                if (ret > 0 && write(fd_out, buff, ret) == ret)
                        continue;
                break;
        }

        close(fd_in);
        return -1;
}

static int bpf_gen_global(const char *bpf_sub_dir)
{
        char bpf_glo_dir[PATH_MAX];
        int ret;

        snprintf(bpf_glo_dir, sizeof(bpf_glo_dir), "%s/%s/",
                 bpf_sub_dir, BPF_DIR_GLOBALS);

        ret = mkdir(bpf_glo_dir, S_IRWXU);
        if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mkdir %s failed: %s\n", bpf_glo_dir,
                        strerror(errno));
                return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_gen_master(const char *base, const char *name)
{
        char bpf_sub_dir[PATH_MAX + NAME_MAX + 1];
        int ret;

        snprintf(bpf_sub_dir, sizeof(bpf_sub_dir), "%s%s/", base, name);

        ret = mkdir(bpf_sub_dir, S_IRWXU);
        if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mkdir %s failed: %s\n", bpf_sub_dir,
                        strerror(errno));
                return ret;
        }

        return bpf_gen_global(bpf_sub_dir);
}

static int bpf_slave_via_bind_mnt(const char *full_name,
                                  const char *full_link)
{
        int ret;

        ret = mkdir(full_name, S_IRWXU);
        if (ret) {
                assert(errno != EEXIST);
                fprintf(stderr, "mkdir %s failed: %s\n", full_name,
                        strerror(errno));
                return ret;
        }

        ret = mount(full_link, full_name, "none", MS_BIND, NULL);
        if (ret) {
                rmdir(full_name);
                fprintf(stderr, "mount --bind %s %s failed: %s\n",
                        full_link, full_name, strerror(errno));
        }

        return ret;
}

static int bpf_gen_slave(const char *base, const char *name,
                         const char *link)
{
        char bpf_lnk_dir[PATH_MAX + NAME_MAX + 1];
        char bpf_sub_dir[PATH_MAX + NAME_MAX];
        struct stat sb = {};
        int ret;

        snprintf(bpf_lnk_dir, sizeof(bpf_lnk_dir), "%s%s/", base, link);
        snprintf(bpf_sub_dir, sizeof(bpf_sub_dir), "%s%s",  base, name);

        ret = symlink(bpf_lnk_dir, bpf_sub_dir);
        if (ret) {
                if (errno != EEXIST) {
                        if (errno != EPERM) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "symlink %s failed: %s\n",
                                        bpf_sub_dir, strerror(errno));
                                return ret;
                        }

                        return bpf_slave_via_bind_mnt(bpf_sub_dir,
                                                      bpf_lnk_dir);
                }

                ret = lstat(bpf_sub_dir, &sb);
                if (ret) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "lstat %s failed: %s\n",
                                bpf_sub_dir, strerror(errno));
                        return ret;
                }

                if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFLNK)
                        return bpf_gen_global(bpf_sub_dir);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_gen_hierarchy(const char *base)
{
        int ret, i;

        ret = bpf_gen_master(base, bpf_prog_to_subdir(__bpf_types[0]));
        for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(__bpf_types) && !ret; i++)
                ret = bpf_gen_slave(base,
                                    bpf_prog_to_subdir(__bpf_types[i]),
                                    bpf_prog_to_subdir(__bpf_types[0]));
        return ret;
}

static const char *bpf_get_work_dir(enum bpf_prog_type type)
{
        static char bpf_tmp[PATH_MAX] = BPF_DIR_MNT;
        static char bpf_wrk_dir[PATH_MAX];
        static const char *mnt;
        static bool bpf_mnt_cached;
        const char *mnt_env = getenv(BPF_ENV_MNT);
        static const char * const bpf_known_mnts[] = {
                BPF_DIR_MNT,
                "/bpf",
                0,
        };
        int ret;

        if (bpf_mnt_cached) {
                const char *out = mnt;

                if (out && type) {
                        snprintf(bpf_tmp, sizeof(bpf_tmp), "%s%s/",
                                 out, bpf_prog_to_subdir(type));
                        out = bpf_tmp;
                }
                return out;
        }

        if (mnt_env)
                mnt = bpf_find_mntpt_single(BPF_FS_MAGIC, bpf_tmp,
                                            sizeof(bpf_tmp), mnt_env);
        else
                mnt = bpf_find_mntpt("bpf", BPF_FS_MAGIC, bpf_tmp,
                                     sizeof(bpf_tmp), bpf_known_mnts);
        if (!mnt) {
                mnt = mnt_env ? : BPF_DIR_MNT;
                ret = bpf_mnt_check_target(mnt);
                if (!ret)
                        ret = bpf_mnt_fs(mnt);
                if (ret) {
                        mnt = NULL;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        ret = snprintf(bpf_wrk_dir, sizeof(bpf_wrk_dir), "%s/", mnt);
        if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(bpf_wrk_dir)) {
                mnt = NULL;
                goto out;
        }

        ret = bpf_gen_hierarchy(bpf_wrk_dir);
        if (ret) {
                mnt = NULL;
                goto out;
        }

        mnt = bpf_wrk_dir;
out:
        bpf_mnt_cached = true;
        return mnt;
}

static int bpf_obj_get(const char *pathname, enum bpf_prog_type type)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};
        char tmp[PATH_MAX];

        if (strlen(pathname) > 2 && pathname[0] == 'm' &&
            pathname[1] == ':' && bpf_get_work_dir(type)) {
                snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%s/%s",
                         bpf_get_work_dir(type), pathname + 2);
                pathname = tmp;
        }

        attr.pathname = bpf_ptr_to_u64(pathname);

        return bpf(BPF_OBJ_GET, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

static int bpf_obj_pinned(const char *pathname, enum bpf_prog_type type)
{
        int prog_fd = bpf_obj_get(pathname, type);

        if (prog_fd < 0)
                fprintf(stderr, "Couldn\'t retrieve pinned program \'%s\': %s\n",
                        pathname, strerror(errno));
        return prog_fd;
}

static int bpf_do_parse(struct bpf_cfg_in *cfg, const bool *opt_tbl)
{
        const char *file, *section, *uds_name;
        bool verbose = false;
        int i, ret, argc;
        char **argv;

        argv = cfg->argv;
        argc = cfg->argc;

        if (opt_tbl[CBPF_BYTECODE] &&
            (matches(*argv, "bytecode") == 0 ||
             strcmp(*argv, "bc") == 0)) {
                cfg->mode = CBPF_BYTECODE;
        } else if (opt_tbl[CBPF_FILE] &&
                   (matches(*argv, "bytecode-file") == 0 ||
                    strcmp(*argv, "bcf") == 0)) {
                cfg->mode = CBPF_FILE;
        } else if (opt_tbl[EBPF_OBJECT] &&
                   (matches(*argv, "object-file") == 0 ||
                    strcmp(*argv, "obj") == 0)) {
                cfg->mode = EBPF_OBJECT;
        } else if (opt_tbl[EBPF_PINNED] &&
                   (matches(*argv, "object-pinned") == 0 ||
                    matches(*argv, "pinned") == 0 ||
                    matches(*argv, "fd") == 0)) {
                cfg->mode = EBPF_PINNED;
        } else {
                fprintf(stderr, "What mode is \"%s\"?\n", *argv);
                return -1;
        }

        NEXT_ARG();
        file = section = uds_name = NULL;
        if (cfg->mode == EBPF_OBJECT || cfg->mode == EBPF_PINNED) {
                file = *argv;
                NEXT_ARG_FWD();

                if (cfg->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
                        if (argc > 0 && matches(*argv, "type") == 0) {
                                NEXT_ARG();
                                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(__bpf_prog_meta);
                                     i++) {
                                        if (!__bpf_prog_meta[i].type)
                                                continue;
                                        if (!matches(*argv,
                                                     __bpf_prog_meta[i].type)) {
                                                cfg->type = i;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }

                                if (cfg->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
                                        fprintf(stderr, "What type is \"%s\"?\n",
                                                *argv);
                                        return -1;
                                }
                                NEXT_ARG_FWD();
                        } else {
                                cfg->type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS;
                        }
                }

                section = bpf_prog_to_default_section(cfg->type);
                if (argc > 0 && matches(*argv, "section") == 0) {
                        NEXT_ARG();
                        section = *argv;
                        NEXT_ARG_FWD();
                }

                if (__bpf_prog_meta[cfg->type].may_uds_export) {
                        uds_name = getenv(BPF_ENV_UDS);
                        if (argc > 0 && !uds_name &&
                            matches(*argv, "export") == 0) {
                                NEXT_ARG();
                                uds_name = *argv;
                                NEXT_ARG_FWD();
                        }
                }

                if (argc > 0 && matches(*argv, "verbose") == 0) {
                        verbose = true;
                        NEXT_ARG_FWD();
                }

                PREV_ARG();
        }

        if (cfg->mode == CBPF_BYTECODE || cfg->mode == CBPF_FILE) {
                ret = bpf_ops_parse(argc, argv, cfg->opcodes,
                                    cfg->mode == CBPF_FILE);
                cfg->n_opcodes = ret;
        } else if (cfg->mode == EBPF_OBJECT) {
                ret = 0; /* program will be loaded by load stage */
        } else if (cfg->mode == EBPF_PINNED) {
                ret = bpf_obj_pinned(file, cfg->type);
                cfg->prog_fd = ret;
        } else {
                return -1;
        }

        cfg->object  = file;
        cfg->section = section;
        cfg->uds     = uds_name;
        cfg->argc    = argc;
        cfg->argv    = argv;
        cfg->verbose = verbose;

        return ret;
}

static int bpf_do_load(struct bpf_cfg_in *cfg)
{
        if (cfg->mode == EBPF_OBJECT) {
#ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF
                return iproute2_load_libbpf(cfg);
#endif
                cfg->prog_fd = bpf_obj_open(cfg->object, cfg->type,
                                            cfg->section, cfg->ifindex,
                                            cfg->verbose);
                return cfg->prog_fd;
        }
        return 0;
}

int bpf_load_common(struct bpf_cfg_in *cfg, const struct bpf_cfg_ops *ops,
                    void *nl)
{
        char annotation[256];
        int ret;

        ret = bpf_do_load(cfg);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        if (cfg->mode == CBPF_BYTECODE || cfg->mode == CBPF_FILE)
                ops->cbpf_cb(nl, cfg->opcodes, cfg->n_opcodes);
        if (cfg->mode == EBPF_OBJECT || cfg->mode == EBPF_PINNED) {
                snprintf(annotation, sizeof(annotation), "%s:[%s]",
                         basename(cfg->object), cfg->mode == EBPF_PINNED ?
                         "*fsobj" : cfg->section);
                ops->ebpf_cb(nl, cfg->prog_fd, annotation);
        }

        return 0;
}

int bpf_parse_common(struct bpf_cfg_in *cfg, const struct bpf_cfg_ops *ops)
{
        bool opt_tbl[BPF_MODE_MAX] = {};

        if (ops->cbpf_cb) {
                opt_tbl[CBPF_BYTECODE] = true;
                opt_tbl[CBPF_FILE]     = true;
        }

        if (ops->ebpf_cb) {
                opt_tbl[EBPF_OBJECT]   = true;
                opt_tbl[EBPF_PINNED]   = true;
        }

        return bpf_do_parse(cfg, opt_tbl);
}

int bpf_parse_and_load_common(struct bpf_cfg_in *cfg,
                              const struct bpf_cfg_ops *ops, void *nl)
{
        int ret;

        ret = bpf_parse_common(cfg, ops);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        return bpf_load_common(cfg, ops, nl);
}

int bpf_graft_map(const char *map_path, uint32_t *key, int argc, char **argv)
{
        const bool opt_tbl[BPF_MODE_MAX] = {
                [EBPF_OBJECT]   = true,
                [EBPF_PINNED]   = true,
        };
        const struct bpf_elf_map test = {
                .type           = BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY,
                .size_key       = sizeof(int),
                .size_value     = sizeof(int),
        };
        struct bpf_cfg_in cfg = {
                .type           = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
                .argc           = argc,
                .argv           = argv,
        };
        struct bpf_map_ext ext = {};
        int ret, prog_fd, map_fd;
        uint32_t map_key;

        ret = bpf_do_parse(&cfg, opt_tbl);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        ret = bpf_do_load(&cfg);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        prog_fd = cfg.prog_fd;

        if (key) {
                map_key = *key;
        } else {
                ret = sscanf(cfg.section, "%*i/%i", &map_key);
                if (ret != 1) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn\'t infer map key from section name! Please provide \'key\' argument!\n");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out_prog;
                }
        }

        map_fd = bpf_obj_get(map_path, cfg.type);
        if (map_fd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Couldn\'t retrieve pinned map \'%s\': %s\n",
                        map_path, strerror(errno));
                ret = map_fd;
                goto out_prog;
        }

        ret = bpf_map_selfcheck_pinned(map_fd, &test, &ext,
                                       offsetof(struct bpf_elf_map, max_elem),
                                       cfg.type);
        if (ret < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Map \'%s\' self-check failed!\n", map_path);
                goto out_map;
        }

        ret = bpf_map_update(map_fd, &map_key, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
        if (ret < 0)
                fprintf(stderr, "Map update failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
out_map:
        close(map_fd);
out_prog:
        close(prog_fd);
        return ret;
}

int bpf_prog_attach_fd(int prog_fd, int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.target_fd = target_fd;
        attr.attach_bpf_fd = prog_fd;
        attr.attach_type = type;

        return bpf(BPF_PROG_ATTACH, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

int bpf_prog_detach_fd(int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.target_fd = target_fd;
        attr.attach_type = type;

        return bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

int bpf_prog_load_dev(enum bpf_prog_type type, const struct bpf_insn *insns,
                      size_t size_insns, const char *license, __u32 ifindex,
                      char *log, size_t size_log)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.prog_type = type;
        attr.insns = bpf_ptr_to_u64(insns);
        attr.insn_cnt = size_insns / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
        attr.license = bpf_ptr_to_u64(license);
        attr.prog_ifindex = ifindex;

        if (size_log > 0) {
                attr.log_buf = bpf_ptr_to_u64(log);
                attr.log_size = size_log;
                attr.log_level = 1;
        }

        return bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

#ifdef HAVE_ELF
struct bpf_elf_prog {
        enum bpf_prog_type      type;
        struct bpf_insn         *insns;
        unsigned int            insns_num;
        size_t                  size;
        const char              *license;
};

struct bpf_hash_entry {
        unsigned int            pinning;
        const char              *subpath;
        struct bpf_hash_entry   *next;
};

struct bpf_config {
        unsigned int            jit_enabled;
};

struct bpf_btf {
        const struct btf_header *hdr;
        const void              *raw;
        const char              *strings;
        const struct btf_type   **types;
        int                     types_num;
};

struct bpf_elf_ctx {
        struct bpf_config       cfg;
        Elf                     *elf_fd;
        GElf_Ehdr               elf_hdr;
        Elf_Data                *sym_tab;
        Elf_Data                *str_tab;
        Elf_Data                *btf_data;
        char                    obj_uid[64];
        int                     obj_fd;
        int                     btf_fd;
        int                     map_fds[ELF_MAX_MAPS];
        struct bpf_elf_map      maps[ELF_MAX_MAPS];
        struct bpf_map_ext      maps_ext[ELF_MAX_MAPS];
        struct bpf_elf_prog     prog_text;
        struct bpf_btf          btf;
        int                     sym_num;
        int                     map_num;
        int                     map_len;
        bool                    *sec_done;
        int                     sec_maps;
        int                     sec_text;
        int                     sec_btf;
        char                    license[ELF_MAX_LICENSE_LEN];
        enum bpf_prog_type      type;
        __u32                   ifindex;
        bool                    verbose;
        bool                    noafalg;
        struct bpf_elf_st       stat;
        struct bpf_hash_entry   *ht[256];
        char                    *log;
        size_t                  log_size;
};

struct bpf_elf_sec_data {
        GElf_Shdr               sec_hdr;
        Elf_Data                *sec_data;
        const char              *sec_name;
};

struct bpf_map_data {
        int                     *fds;
        const char              *obj;
        struct bpf_elf_st       *st;
        struct bpf_elf_map      *ent;
};

static bool bpf_log_has_data(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        return ctx->log && ctx->log[0];
}

static __check_format_string(2, 3) void
bpf_dump_error(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const char *format, ...)
{
        va_list vl;

        va_start(vl, format);
        vfprintf(stderr, format, vl);
        va_end(vl);

        if (bpf_log_has_data(ctx)) {
                if (ctx->verbose) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", ctx->log);
                } else {
                        unsigned int off = 0, len = strlen(ctx->log);

                        if (len > BPF_MAX_LOG) {
                                off = len - BPF_MAX_LOG;
                                fprintf(stderr, "Skipped %u bytes, use \'verb\' option for the full verbose log.\n[...]\n",
                                        off);
                        }
                        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", ctx->log + off);
                }

                memset(ctx->log, 0, ctx->log_size);
        }
}

static int bpf_log_realloc(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        const size_t log_max = UINT_MAX >> 8;
        size_t log_size = ctx->log_size;
        char *ptr;

        if (!ctx->log) {
                log_size = 65536;
        } else if (log_size < log_max) {
                log_size <<= 1;
                if (log_size > log_max)
                        log_size = log_max;
        } else {
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ptr = realloc(ctx->log, log_size);
        if (!ptr)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ptr[0] = 0;
        ctx->log = ptr;
        ctx->log_size = log_size;

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_map_create(enum bpf_map_type type, uint32_t size_key,
                          uint32_t size_value, uint32_t max_elem,
                          uint32_t flags, int inner_fd, int btf_fd,
                          uint32_t ifindex, uint32_t btf_id_key,
                          uint32_t btf_id_val)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.map_type = type;
        attr.key_size = size_key;
        attr.value_size = inner_fd ? sizeof(int) : size_value;
        attr.max_entries = max_elem;
        attr.map_flags = flags;
        attr.inner_map_fd = inner_fd;
        attr.map_ifindex = ifindex;
        attr.btf_fd = btf_fd;
        attr.btf_key_type_id = btf_id_key;
        attr.btf_value_type_id = btf_id_val;

        return bpf(BPF_MAP_CREATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

static int bpf_btf_load(void *btf, size_t size_btf,
                        char *log, size_t size_log)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.btf = bpf_ptr_to_u64(btf);
        attr.btf_size = size_btf;

        if (size_log > 0) {
                attr.btf_log_buf = bpf_ptr_to_u64(log);
                attr.btf_log_size = size_log;
                attr.btf_log_level = 1;
        }

        return bpf(BPF_BTF_LOAD, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

static int bpf_obj_pin(int fd, const char *pathname)
{
        union bpf_attr attr = {};

        attr.pathname = bpf_ptr_to_u64(pathname);
        attr.bpf_fd = fd;

        return bpf(BPF_OBJ_PIN, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}

static int bpf_obj_hash(const char *object, uint8_t *out, size_t len)
{
        struct sockaddr_alg alg = {
                .salg_family    = AF_ALG,
                .salg_type      = "hash",
                .salg_name      = "sha1",
        };
        int ret, cfd, ofd, ffd;
        struct stat stbuff;
        ssize_t size;

        if (!object || len != 20)
                return -EINVAL;

        cfd = socket(AF_ALG, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0);
        if (cfd < 0)
                return cfd;

        ret = bind(cfd, (struct sockaddr *)&alg, sizeof(alg));
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out_cfd;

        ofd = accept(cfd, NULL, 0);
        if (ofd < 0) {
                ret = ofd;
                goto out_cfd;
        }

        ffd = open(object, O_RDONLY);
        if (ffd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error opening object %s: %s\n",
                        object, strerror(errno));
                ret = ffd;
                goto out_ofd;
        }

        ret = fstat(ffd, &stbuff);
        if (ret < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error doing fstat: %s\n",
                        strerror(errno));
                goto out_ffd;
        }

        size = sendfile(ofd, ffd, NULL, stbuff.st_size);
        if (size != stbuff.st_size) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error from sendfile (%zd vs %zu bytes): %s\n",
                        size, stbuff.st_size, strerror(errno));
                ret = -1;
                goto out_ffd;
        }

        size = read(ofd, out, len);
        if (size != len) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error from read (%zd vs %zu bytes): %s\n",
                        size, len, strerror(errno));
                ret = -1;
        } else {
                ret = 0;
        }
out_ffd:
        close(ffd);
out_ofd:
        close(ofd);
out_cfd:
        close(cfd);
        return ret;
}

static void bpf_init_env(void)
{
        struct rlimit limit = {
                .rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY,
                .rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY,
        };

        /* Don't bother in case we fail! */
        setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &limit);

        if (!bpf_get_work_dir(BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC))
                fprintf(stderr, "Continuing without mounted eBPF fs. Too old kernel?\n");
}

static const char *bpf_custom_pinning(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                                      uint32_t pinning)
{
        struct bpf_hash_entry *entry;

        entry = ctx->ht[pinning & (ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->ht) - 1)];
        while (entry && entry->pinning != pinning)
                entry = entry->next;

        return entry ? entry->subpath : NULL;
}

static bool bpf_no_pinning(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                           uint32_t pinning)
{
        switch (pinning) {
        case PIN_OBJECT_NS:
        case PIN_GLOBAL_NS:
                return false;
        case PIN_NONE:
                return true;
        default:
                return !bpf_custom_pinning(ctx, pinning);
        }
}

static void bpf_make_pathname(char *pathname, size_t len, const char *name,
                              const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, uint32_t pinning)
{
        switch (pinning) {
        case PIN_OBJECT_NS:
                snprintf(pathname, len, "%s/%s/%s",
                         bpf_get_work_dir(ctx->type),
                         ctx->obj_uid, name);
                break;
        case PIN_GLOBAL_NS:
                snprintf(pathname, len, "%s/%s/%s",
                         bpf_get_work_dir(ctx->type),
                         BPF_DIR_GLOBALS, name);
                break;
        default:
                snprintf(pathname, len, "%s/../%s/%s",
                         bpf_get_work_dir(ctx->type),
                         bpf_custom_pinning(ctx, pinning), name);
                break;
        }
}

static int bpf_probe_pinned(const char *name, const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                            uint32_t pinning)
{
        char pathname[PATH_MAX];

        if (bpf_no_pinning(ctx, pinning) || !bpf_get_work_dir(ctx->type))
                return 0;

        bpf_make_pathname(pathname, sizeof(pathname), name, ctx, pinning);
        return bpf_obj_get(pathname, ctx->type);
}

static int bpf_make_obj_path(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        char tmp[PATH_MAX];
        int ret;

        snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%s/%s", bpf_get_work_dir(ctx->type),
                 ctx->obj_uid);

        ret = mkdir(tmp, S_IRWXU);
        if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mkdir %s failed: %s\n", tmp, strerror(errno));
                return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_make_custom_path(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                                const char *todo)
{
        char tmp[PATH_MAX], rem[PATH_MAX], *sub;
        int ret;

        snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%s/../", bpf_get_work_dir(ctx->type));
        snprintf(rem, sizeof(rem), "%s/", todo);
        sub = strtok(rem, "/");

        while (sub) {
                if (strlen(tmp) + strlen(sub) + 2 > PATH_MAX)
                        return -EINVAL;

                strcat(tmp, sub);
                strcat(tmp, "/");

                ret = mkdir(tmp, S_IRWXU);
                if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "mkdir %s failed: %s\n", tmp,
                                strerror(errno));
                        return ret;
                }

                sub = strtok(NULL, "/");
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_place_pinned(int fd, const char *name,
                            const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, uint32_t pinning)
{
        char pathname[PATH_MAX];
        const char *tmp;
        int ret = 0;

        if (bpf_no_pinning(ctx, pinning) || !bpf_get_work_dir(ctx->type))
                return 0;

        if (pinning == PIN_OBJECT_NS)
                ret = bpf_make_obj_path(ctx);
        else if ((tmp = bpf_custom_pinning(ctx, pinning)))
                ret = bpf_make_custom_path(ctx, tmp);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        bpf_make_pathname(pathname, sizeof(pathname), name, ctx, pinning);
        return bpf_obj_pin(fd, pathname);
}

static void bpf_prog_report(int fd, const char *section,
                            const struct bpf_elf_prog *prog,
                            struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        unsigned int insns = prog->size / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);

        fprintf(stderr, "\nProg section \'%s\' %s%s (%d)!\n", section,
                fd < 0 ? "rejected: " : "loaded",
                fd < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "",
                fd < 0 ? errno : fd);

        fprintf(stderr, " - Type:         %u\n", prog->type);
        fprintf(stderr, " - Instructions: %u (%u over limit)\n",
                insns, insns > BPF_MAXINSNS ? insns - BPF_MAXINSNS : 0);
        fprintf(stderr, " - License:      %s\n\n", prog->license);

        bpf_dump_error(ctx, "Verifier analysis:\n\n");
}

static int bpf_prog_attach(const char *section,
                           const struct bpf_elf_prog *prog,
                           struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int tries = 0, fd;
retry:
        errno = 0;
        fd = bpf_prog_load_dev(prog->type, prog->insns, prog->size,
                               prog->license, ctx->ifindex,
                               ctx->log, ctx->log_size);
        if (fd < 0 || ctx->verbose) {
                /* The verifier log is pretty chatty, sometimes so chatty
                 * on larger programs, that we could fail to dump everything
                 * into our buffer. Still, try to give a debuggable error
                 * log for the user, so enlarge it and re-fail.
                 */
                if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOSPC) {
                        if (tries++ < 10 && !bpf_log_realloc(ctx))
                                goto retry;

                        fprintf(stderr, "Log buffer too small to dump verifier log %zu bytes (%d tries)!\n",
                                ctx->log_size, tries);
                        return fd;
                }

                bpf_prog_report(fd, section, prog, ctx);
        }

        return fd;
}

static void bpf_map_report(int fd, const char *name,
                           const struct bpf_elf_map *map,
                           struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int inner_fd)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "Map object \'%s\' %s%s (%d)!\n", name,
                fd < 0 ? "rejected: " : "loaded",
                fd < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "",
                fd < 0 ? errno : fd);

        fprintf(stderr, " - Type:         %u\n", map->type);
        fprintf(stderr, " - Identifier:   %u\n", map->id);
        fprintf(stderr, " - Pinning:      %u\n", map->pinning);
        fprintf(stderr, " - Size key:     %u\n", map->size_key);
        fprintf(stderr, " - Size value:   %u\n",
                inner_fd ? (int)sizeof(int) : map->size_value);
        fprintf(stderr, " - Max elems:    %u\n", map->max_elem);
        fprintf(stderr, " - Flags:        %#x\n\n", map->flags);
}

static int bpf_find_map_id(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, uint32_t id)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->map_num; i++) {
                if (ctx->maps[i].id != id)
                        continue;
                if (ctx->map_fds[i] < 0)
                        return -EINVAL;

                return ctx->map_fds[i];
        }

        return -ENOENT;
}

static void bpf_report_map_in_map(int outer_fd, uint32_t idx)
{
        struct bpf_elf_map outer_map;
        int ret;

        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot insert map into map! ");

        ret = bpf_derive_elf_map_from_fdinfo(outer_fd, &outer_map, NULL);
        if (!ret) {
                if (idx >= outer_map.max_elem &&
                    outer_map.type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Outer map has %u elements, index %u is invalid!\n",
                                outer_map.max_elem, idx);
                        return;
                }
        }

        fprintf(stderr, "Different map specs used for outer and inner map?\n");
}

static bool bpf_is_map_in_map_type(const struct bpf_elf_map *map)
{
        return map->type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS ||
               map->type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS;
}

static bool bpf_map_offload_neutral(enum bpf_map_type type)
{
        return type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY;
}

static int bpf_map_attach(const char *name, struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                          const struct bpf_elf_map *map, struct bpf_map_ext *ext,
                          int *have_map_in_map)
{
        int fd, ifindex, ret, map_inner_fd = 0;
        bool retried = false;

probe:
        fd = bpf_probe_pinned(name, ctx, map->pinning);
        if (fd > 0) {
                ret = bpf_map_selfcheck_pinned(fd, map, ext,
                                               offsetof(struct bpf_elf_map,
                                                        id), ctx->type);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        close(fd);
                        fprintf(stderr, "Map \'%s\' self-check failed!\n",
                                name);
                        return ret;
                }
                if (ctx->verbose)
                        fprintf(stderr, "Map \'%s\' loaded as pinned!\n",
                                name);
                return fd;
        }

        if (have_map_in_map && bpf_is_map_in_map_type(map)) {
                (*have_map_in_map)++;
                if (map->inner_id)
                        return 0;
                fprintf(stderr, "Map \'%s\' cannot be created since no inner map ID defined!\n",
                        name);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (!have_map_in_map && bpf_is_map_in_map_type(map)) {
                map_inner_fd = bpf_find_map_id(ctx, map->inner_id);
                if (map_inner_fd < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Map \'%s\' cannot be loaded. Inner map with ID %u not found!\n",
                                name, map->inner_id);
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
        }

        ifindex = bpf_map_offload_neutral(map->type) ? 0 : ctx->ifindex;
        errno = 0;
        fd = bpf_map_create(map->type, map->size_key, map->size_value,
                            map->max_elem, map->flags, map_inner_fd, ctx->btf_fd,
                            ifindex, ext->btf_id_key, ext->btf_id_val);

        if (fd < 0 || ctx->verbose) {
                bpf_map_report(fd, name, map, ctx, map_inner_fd);
                if (fd < 0)
                        return fd;
        }

        ret = bpf_place_pinned(fd, name, ctx, map->pinning);
        if (ret < 0) {
                close(fd);
                if (!retried && errno == EEXIST) {
                        retried = true;
                        goto probe;
                }
                fprintf(stderr, "Could not pin %s map: %s\n", name,
                        strerror(errno));
                return ret;
        }

        return fd;
}

static const char *bpf_str_tab_name(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                                    const GElf_Sym *sym)
{
        return ctx->str_tab->d_buf + sym->st_name;
}

static int bpf_btf_find(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const char *name)
{
        const struct btf_type *type;
        const char *res;
        int id;

        for (id = 1; id < ctx->btf.types_num; id++) {
                type = ctx->btf.types[id];
                if (type->name_off >= ctx->btf.hdr->str_len)
                        continue;
                res = &ctx->btf.strings[type->name_off];
                if (!strcmp(res, name))
                        return id;
        }

        return -ENOENT;
}

static int bpf_btf_find_kv(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const struct bpf_elf_map *map,
                           const char *name, uint32_t *id_key, uint32_t *id_val)
{
        const struct btf_member *key, *val;
        const struct btf_type *type;
        char btf_name[512];
        const char *res;
        int id;

        snprintf(btf_name, sizeof(btf_name), "____btf_map_%s", name);
        id = bpf_btf_find(ctx, btf_name);
        if (id < 0)
                return id;

        type = ctx->btf.types[id];
        if (BTF_INFO_KIND(type->info) != BTF_KIND_STRUCT)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (BTF_INFO_VLEN(type->info) != 2)
                return -EINVAL;

        key = ((void *) type) + sizeof(*type);
        val = key + 1;
        if (!key->type || key->type >= ctx->btf.types_num ||
            !val->type || val->type >= ctx->btf.types_num)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (key->name_off >= ctx->btf.hdr->str_len ||
            val->name_off >= ctx->btf.hdr->str_len)
                return -EINVAL;

        res = &ctx->btf.strings[key->name_off];
        if (strcmp(res, "key"))
                return -EINVAL;

        res = &ctx->btf.strings[val->name_off];
        if (strcmp(res, "value"))
                return -EINVAL;

        *id_key = key->type;
        *id_val = val->type;
        return 0;
}

static void bpf_btf_annotate(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int which, const char *name)
{
        uint32_t id_key = 0, id_val = 0;

        if (!bpf_btf_find_kv(ctx, &ctx->maps[which], name, &id_key, &id_val)) {
                ctx->maps_ext[which].btf_id_key = id_key;
                ctx->maps_ext[which].btf_id_val = id_val;
        }
}

static const char *bpf_map_fetch_name(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int which)
{
        const char *name;
        GElf_Sym sym;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->sym_num; i++) {
                int type;

                if (gelf_getsym(ctx->sym_tab, i, &sym) != &sym)
                        continue;

                type = GELF_ST_TYPE(sym.st_info);
                if (GELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info) != STB_GLOBAL ||
                    (type != STT_NOTYPE && type != STT_OBJECT) ||
                    sym.st_shndx != ctx->sec_maps ||
                    sym.st_value / ctx->map_len != which)
                        continue;

                name = bpf_str_tab_name(ctx, &sym);
                bpf_btf_annotate(ctx, which, name);
                return name;
        }

        return NULL;
}

static int bpf_maps_attach_all(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int i, j, ret, fd, inner_fd, inner_idx, have_map_in_map = 0;
        const char *map_name;

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->map_num; i++) {
                if (ctx->maps[i].pinning == PIN_OBJECT_NS &&
                    ctx->noafalg) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Missing kernel AF_ALG support for PIN_OBJECT_NS!\n");
                        return -ENOTSUP;
                }

                map_name = bpf_map_fetch_name(ctx, i);
                if (!map_name)
                        return -EIO;

                fd = bpf_map_attach(map_name, ctx, &ctx->maps[i],
                                    &ctx->maps_ext[i], &have_map_in_map);
                if (fd < 0)
                        return fd;

                ctx->map_fds[i] = !fd ? -1 : fd;
        }

        for (i = 0; have_map_in_map && i < ctx->map_num; i++) {
                if (ctx->map_fds[i] >= 0)
                        continue;

                map_name = bpf_map_fetch_name(ctx, i);
                if (!map_name)
                        return -EIO;

                fd = bpf_map_attach(map_name, ctx, &ctx->maps[i],
                                    &ctx->maps_ext[i], NULL);
                if (fd < 0)
                        return fd;

                ctx->map_fds[i] = fd;
        }

        for (i = 0; have_map_in_map && i < ctx->map_num; i++) {
                if (!ctx->maps[i].id ||
                    ctx->maps[i].inner_id ||
                    ctx->maps[i].inner_idx == -1)
                        continue;

                inner_fd  = ctx->map_fds[i];
                inner_idx = ctx->maps[i].inner_idx;

                for (j = 0; j < ctx->map_num; j++) {
                        if (!bpf_is_map_in_map_type(&ctx->maps[j]))
                                continue;
                        if (ctx->maps[j].inner_id != ctx->maps[i].id)
                                continue;

                        ret = bpf_map_update(ctx->map_fds[j], &inner_idx,
                                             &inner_fd, BPF_ANY);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                bpf_report_map_in_map(ctx->map_fds[j],
                                                      inner_idx);
                                return ret;
                        }
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_map_num_sym(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int i, num = 0;
        GElf_Sym sym;

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->sym_num; i++) {
                int type;

                if (gelf_getsym(ctx->sym_tab, i, &sym) != &sym)
                        continue;

                type = GELF_ST_TYPE(sym.st_info);
                if (GELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info) != STB_GLOBAL ||
                    (type != STT_NOTYPE && type != STT_OBJECT) ||
                    sym.st_shndx != ctx->sec_maps)
                        continue;
                num++;
        }

        return num;
}

static int bpf_fill_section_data(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int section,
                                 struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data)
{
        Elf_Data *sec_edata;
        GElf_Shdr sec_hdr;
        Elf_Scn *sec_fd;
        char *sec_name;

        memset(data, 0, sizeof(*data));

        sec_fd = elf_getscn(ctx->elf_fd, section);
        if (!sec_fd)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (gelf_getshdr(sec_fd, &sec_hdr) != &sec_hdr)
                return -EIO;

        sec_name = elf_strptr(ctx->elf_fd, ctx->elf_hdr.e_shstrndx,
                              sec_hdr.sh_name);
        if (!sec_name || !sec_hdr.sh_size)
                return -ENOENT;

        sec_edata = elf_getdata(sec_fd, NULL);
        if (!sec_edata || elf_getdata(sec_fd, sec_edata))
                return -EIO;

        memcpy(&data->sec_hdr, &sec_hdr, sizeof(sec_hdr));

        data->sec_name = sec_name;
        data->sec_data = sec_edata;
        return 0;
}

struct bpf_elf_map_min {
        __u32 type;
        __u32 size_key;
        __u32 size_value;
        __u32 max_elem;
};

static int bpf_fetch_maps_begin(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int section,
                                struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data)
{
        ctx->map_num = data->sec_data->d_size;
        ctx->sec_maps = section;
        ctx->sec_done[section] = true;

        if (ctx->map_num > sizeof(ctx->maps)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Too many BPF maps in ELF section!\n");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        memcpy(ctx->maps, data->sec_data->d_buf, ctx->map_num);
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_map_verify_all_offs(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int end)
{
        GElf_Sym sym;
        int off, i;

        for (off = 0; off < end; off += ctx->map_len) {
                /* Order doesn't need to be linear here, hence we walk
                 * the table again.
                 */
                for (i = 0; i < ctx->sym_num; i++) {
                        int type;

                        if (gelf_getsym(ctx->sym_tab, i, &sym) != &sym)
                                continue;

                        type = GELF_ST_TYPE(sym.st_info);
                        if (GELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info) != STB_GLOBAL ||
                            (type != STT_NOTYPE && type != STT_OBJECT) ||
                            sym.st_shndx != ctx->sec_maps)
                                continue;
                        if (sym.st_value == off)
                                break;
                        if (i == ctx->sym_num - 1)
                                return -1;
                }
        }

        return off == end ? 0 : -1;
}

static int bpf_fetch_maps_end(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        struct bpf_elf_map fixup[ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->maps)] = {};
        int i, sym_num = bpf_map_num_sym(ctx);
        __u8 *buff;

        if (sym_num == 0 || sym_num > ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->maps)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%u maps not supported in current map section!\n",
                        sym_num);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (ctx->map_num % sym_num != 0 ||
            ctx->map_num % sizeof(__u32) != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Number BPF map symbols are not multiple of struct bpf_elf_map!\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ctx->map_len = ctx->map_num / sym_num;
        if (bpf_map_verify_all_offs(ctx, ctx->map_num)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Different struct bpf_elf_map in use!\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (ctx->map_len == sizeof(struct bpf_elf_map)) {
                ctx->map_num = sym_num;
                return 0;
        } else if (ctx->map_len > sizeof(struct bpf_elf_map)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "struct bpf_elf_map not supported, coming from future version?\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        } else if (ctx->map_len < sizeof(struct bpf_elf_map_min)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "struct bpf_elf_map too small, not supported!\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ctx->map_num = sym_num;
        for (i = 0, buff = (void *)ctx->maps; i < ctx->map_num;
             i++, buff += ctx->map_len) {
                /* The fixup leaves the rest of the members as zero, which
                 * is fine currently, but option exist to set some other
                 * default value as well when needed in future.
                 */
                memcpy(&fixup[i], buff, ctx->map_len);
        }

        memcpy(ctx->maps, fixup, sizeof(fixup));
        if (ctx->verbose)
                printf("%zu bytes struct bpf_elf_map fixup performed due to size mismatch!\n",
                       sizeof(struct bpf_elf_map) - ctx->map_len);
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_fetch_license(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int section,
                             struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data)
{
        if (data->sec_data->d_size > sizeof(ctx->license))
                return -ENOMEM;

        memcpy(ctx->license, data->sec_data->d_buf, data->sec_data->d_size);
        ctx->sec_done[section] = true;
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_fetch_symtab(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int section,
                            struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data)
{
        ctx->sym_tab = data->sec_data;
        ctx->sym_num = data->sec_hdr.sh_size / data->sec_hdr.sh_entsize;
        ctx->sec_done[section] = true;
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_fetch_strtab(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int section,
                            struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data)
{
        ctx->str_tab = data->sec_data;
        ctx->sec_done[section] = true;
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_fetch_text(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int section,
                          struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data)
{
        ctx->sec_text = section;
        ctx->sec_done[section] = true;
        return 0;
}

static void bpf_btf_report(int fd, struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "\nBTF debug data section \'.BTF\' %s%s (%d)!\n",
                fd < 0 ? "rejected: " : "loaded",
                fd < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "",
                fd < 0 ? errno : fd);

        fprintf(stderr, " - Length:       %zu\n", ctx->btf_data->d_size);

        bpf_dump_error(ctx, "Verifier analysis:\n\n");
}

static int bpf_btf_attach(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int tries = 0, fd;
retry:
        errno = 0;
        fd = bpf_btf_load(ctx->btf_data->d_buf, ctx->btf_data->d_size,
                          ctx->log, ctx->log_size);
        if (fd < 0 || ctx->verbose) {
                if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOSPC) {
                        if (tries++ < 10 && !bpf_log_realloc(ctx))
                                goto retry;

                        fprintf(stderr, "Log buffer too small to dump verifier log %zu bytes (%d tries)!\n",
                                ctx->log_size, tries);
                        return fd;
                }

                if (bpf_log_has_data(ctx))
                        bpf_btf_report(fd, ctx);
        }

        return fd;
}

static int bpf_fetch_btf_begin(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, int section,
                               struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data)
{
        ctx->btf_data = data->sec_data;
        ctx->sec_btf = section;
        ctx->sec_done[section] = true;
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_btf_check_header(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        const struct btf_header *hdr = ctx->btf_data->d_buf;
        const char *str_start, *str_end;
        unsigned int data_len;

        if (hdr->magic != BTF_MAGIC) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Object has wrong BTF magic: %x, expected: %x!\n",
                        hdr->magic, BTF_MAGIC);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (hdr->version != BTF_VERSION) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Object has wrong BTF version: %u, expected: %u!\n",
                        hdr->version, BTF_VERSION);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (hdr->flags) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Object has unsupported BTF flags %x!\n",
                        hdr->flags);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        data_len = ctx->btf_data->d_size - sizeof(*hdr);
        if (data_len < hdr->type_off ||
            data_len < hdr->str_off ||
            data_len < hdr->type_len + hdr->str_len ||
            hdr->type_off >= hdr->str_off ||
            hdr->type_off + hdr->type_len != hdr->str_off ||
            hdr->str_off + hdr->str_len != data_len ||
            (hdr->type_off & (sizeof(uint32_t) - 1))) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Object has malformed BTF data!\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ctx->btf.hdr = hdr;
        ctx->btf.raw = hdr + 1;

        str_start = ctx->btf.raw + hdr->str_off;
        str_end = str_start + hdr->str_len;
        if (!hdr->str_len ||
            hdr->str_len - 1 > BTF_MAX_NAME_OFFSET ||
            str_start[0] || str_end[-1]) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Object has malformed BTF string data!\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ctx->btf.strings = str_start;
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_btf_register_type(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                                 const struct btf_type *type)
{
        int cur = ctx->btf.types_num, num = cur + 1;
        const struct btf_type **types;

        types = realloc(ctx->btf.types, num * sizeof(type));
        if (!types) {
                free(ctx->btf.types);
                ctx->btf.types = NULL;
                ctx->btf.types_num = 0;
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        ctx->btf.types = types;
        ctx->btf.types[cur] = type;
        ctx->btf.types_num = num;
        return 0;
}

static struct btf_type btf_type_void;

static int bpf_btf_prep_type_data(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        const void *type_cur = ctx->btf.raw + ctx->btf.hdr->type_off;
        const void *type_end = ctx->btf.raw + ctx->btf.hdr->str_off;
        const struct btf_type *type;
        uint16_t var_len;
        int ret, kind;

        ret = bpf_btf_register_type(ctx, &btf_type_void);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        while (type_cur < type_end) {
                type = type_cur;
                type_cur += sizeof(*type);

                var_len = BTF_INFO_VLEN(type->info);
                kind = BTF_INFO_KIND(type->info);

                switch (kind) {
                case BTF_KIND_INT:
                        type_cur += sizeof(int);
                        break;
                case BTF_KIND_ARRAY:
                        type_cur += sizeof(struct btf_array);
                        break;
                case BTF_KIND_STRUCT:
                case BTF_KIND_UNION:
                        type_cur += var_len * sizeof(struct btf_member);
                        break;
                case BTF_KIND_ENUM:
                        type_cur += var_len * sizeof(struct btf_enum);
                        break;
                case BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO:
                        type_cur += var_len * sizeof(struct btf_param);
                        break;
                case BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF:
                case BTF_KIND_PTR:
                case BTF_KIND_FWD:
                case BTF_KIND_VOLATILE:
                case BTF_KIND_CONST:
                case BTF_KIND_RESTRICT:
                case BTF_KIND_FUNC:
                        break;
                default:
                        fprintf(stderr, "Object has unknown BTF type: %u!\n", kind);
                        return -EINVAL;
                }

                ret = bpf_btf_register_type(ctx, type);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_btf_prep_data(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int ret = bpf_btf_check_header(ctx);

        if (!ret)
                return bpf_btf_prep_type_data(ctx);
        return ret;
}

static void bpf_fetch_btf_end(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int fd = bpf_btf_attach(ctx);

        if (fd < 0)
                return;
        ctx->btf_fd = fd;
        if (bpf_btf_prep_data(ctx) < 0) {
                close(ctx->btf_fd);
                ctx->btf_fd = 0;
        }
}

static bool bpf_has_map_data(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        return ctx->sym_tab && ctx->str_tab && ctx->sec_maps;
}

static bool bpf_has_btf_data(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        return ctx->sec_btf;
}

static bool bpf_has_call_data(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        return ctx->sec_text;
}

static int bpf_fetch_ancillary(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, bool check_text_sec)
{
        struct bpf_elf_sec_data data;
        int i, ret = -1;

        for (i = 1; i < ctx->elf_hdr.e_shnum; i++) {
                ret = bpf_fill_section_data(ctx, i, &data);
                if (ret < 0)
                        continue;

                if (data.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS &&
                    !strcmp(data.sec_name, ELF_SECTION_MAPS))
                        ret = bpf_fetch_maps_begin(ctx, i, &data);
                else if (data.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS &&
                         !strcmp(data.sec_name, ELF_SECTION_LICENSE))
                        ret = bpf_fetch_license(ctx, i, &data);
                else if (data.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS &&
                         (data.sec_hdr.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) &&
                         !strcmp(data.sec_name, ".text") &&
                         check_text_sec)
                        ret = bpf_fetch_text(ctx, i, &data);
                else if (data.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB &&
                         !strcmp(data.sec_name, ".symtab"))
                        ret = bpf_fetch_symtab(ctx, i, &data);
                else if (data.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_STRTAB &&
                         !strcmp(data.sec_name, ".strtab"))
                        ret = bpf_fetch_strtab(ctx, i, &data);
                else if (data.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS &&
                         !strcmp(data.sec_name, ".BTF"))
                        ret = bpf_fetch_btf_begin(ctx, i, &data);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Error parsing section %d! Perhaps check with readelf -a?\n",
                                i);
                        return ret;
                }
        }

        if (bpf_has_btf_data(ctx))
                bpf_fetch_btf_end(ctx);
        if (bpf_has_map_data(ctx)) {
                ret = bpf_fetch_maps_end(ctx);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Error fixing up map structure, incompatible struct bpf_elf_map used?\n");
                        return ret;
                }

                ret = bpf_maps_attach_all(ctx);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Error loading maps into kernel!\n");
                        return ret;
                }
        }

        return ret;
}

static int bpf_fetch_prog(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const char *section,
                          bool *sseen)
{
        struct bpf_elf_sec_data data;
        struct bpf_elf_prog prog;
        int ret, i, fd = -1;

        for (i = 1; i < ctx->elf_hdr.e_shnum; i++) {
                if (ctx->sec_done[i])
                        continue;

                ret = bpf_fill_section_data(ctx, i, &data);
                if (ret < 0 ||
                    !(data.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS &&
                      (data.sec_hdr.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) &&
                      !strcmp(data.sec_name, section)))
                        continue;

                *sseen = true;

                memset(&prog, 0, sizeof(prog));
                prog.type      = ctx->type;
                prog.license   = ctx->license;
                prog.size      = data.sec_data->d_size;
                prog.insns_num = prog.size / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
                prog.insns     = data.sec_data->d_buf;

                fd = bpf_prog_attach(section, &prog, ctx);
                if (fd < 0)
                        return fd;

                ctx->sec_done[i] = true;
                break;
        }

        return fd;
}

struct bpf_relo_props {
        struct bpf_tail_call {
                unsigned int total;
                unsigned int jited;
        } tc;
        int main_num;
};

static int bpf_apply_relo_map(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, struct bpf_elf_prog *prog,
                              GElf_Rel *relo, GElf_Sym *sym,
                              struct bpf_relo_props *props)
{
        unsigned int insn_off = relo->r_offset / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
        unsigned int map_idx = sym->st_value / ctx->map_len;

        if (insn_off >= prog->insns_num)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (prog->insns[insn_off].code != (BPF_LD | BPF_IMM | BPF_DW)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ELF contains relo data for non ld64 instruction at offset %u! Compiler bug?!\n",
                        insn_off);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (map_idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->map_fds))
                return -EINVAL;
        if (!ctx->map_fds[map_idx])
                return -EINVAL;
        if (ctx->maps[map_idx].type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY) {
                props->tc.total++;
                if (ctx->maps_ext[map_idx].owner.jited ||
                    (ctx->maps_ext[map_idx].owner.type == 0 &&
                     ctx->cfg.jit_enabled))
                        props->tc.jited++;
        }

        prog->insns[insn_off].src_reg = BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD;
        prog->insns[insn_off].imm = ctx->map_fds[map_idx];
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_apply_relo_call(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, struct bpf_elf_prog *prog,
                               GElf_Rel *relo, GElf_Sym *sym,
                               struct bpf_relo_props *props)
{
        unsigned int insn_off = relo->r_offset / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
        struct bpf_elf_prog *prog_text = &ctx->prog_text;

        if (insn_off >= prog->insns_num)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (prog->insns[insn_off].code != (BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL) &&
            prog->insns[insn_off].src_reg != BPF_PSEUDO_CALL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ELF contains relo data for non call instruction at offset %u! Compiler bug?!\n",
                        insn_off);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (!props->main_num) {
                struct bpf_insn *insns = realloc(prog->insns,
                                                 prog->size + prog_text->size);
                if (!insns)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                memcpy(insns + prog->insns_num, prog_text->insns,
                       prog_text->size);
                props->main_num = prog->insns_num;
                prog->insns = insns;
                prog->insns_num += prog_text->insns_num;
                prog->size += prog_text->size;
        }

        prog->insns[insn_off].imm += props->main_num - insn_off;
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_apply_relo_data(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx,
                               struct bpf_elf_sec_data *data_relo,
                               struct bpf_elf_prog *prog,
                               struct bpf_relo_props *props)
{
        GElf_Shdr *rhdr = &data_relo->sec_hdr;
        int relo_ent, relo_num = rhdr->sh_size / rhdr->sh_entsize;

        for (relo_ent = 0; relo_ent < relo_num; relo_ent++) {
                GElf_Rel relo;
                GElf_Sym sym;
                int ret = -EIO;

                if (gelf_getrel(data_relo->sec_data, relo_ent, &relo) != &relo)
                        return -EIO;
                if (gelf_getsym(ctx->sym_tab, GELF_R_SYM(relo.r_info), &sym) != &sym)
                        return -EIO;

                if (sym.st_shndx == ctx->sec_maps)
                        ret = bpf_apply_relo_map(ctx, prog, &relo, &sym, props);
                else if (sym.st_shndx == ctx->sec_text)
                        ret = bpf_apply_relo_call(ctx, prog, &relo, &sym, props);
                else
                        fprintf(stderr, "ELF contains non-{map,call} related relo data in entry %u pointing to section %u! Compiler bug?!\n",
                                relo_ent, sym.st_shndx);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int bpf_fetch_prog_relo(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const char *section,
                               bool *lderr, bool *sseen, struct bpf_elf_prog *prog)
{
        struct bpf_elf_sec_data data_relo, data_insn;
        int ret, idx, i, fd = -1;

        for (i = 1; i < ctx->elf_hdr.e_shnum; i++) {
                struct bpf_relo_props props = {};

                ret = bpf_fill_section_data(ctx, i, &data_relo);
                if (ret < 0 || data_relo.sec_hdr.sh_type != SHT_REL)
                        continue;

                idx = data_relo.sec_hdr.sh_info;

                ret = bpf_fill_section_data(ctx, idx, &data_insn);
                if (ret < 0 ||
                    !(data_insn.sec_hdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS &&
                      (data_insn.sec_hdr.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) &&
                      !strcmp(data_insn.sec_name, section)))
                        continue;
                if (sseen)
                        *sseen = true;

                memset(prog, 0, sizeof(*prog));
                prog->type = ctx->type;
                prog->license = ctx->license;
                prog->size = data_insn.sec_data->d_size;
                prog->insns_num = prog->size / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
                prog->insns = malloc(prog->size);
                if (!prog->insns) {
                        *lderr = true;
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }

                memcpy(prog->insns, data_insn.sec_data->d_buf, prog->size);

                ret = bpf_apply_relo_data(ctx, &data_relo, prog, &props);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        *lderr = true;
                        if (ctx->sec_text != idx)
                                free(prog->insns);
                        return ret;
                }
                if (ctx->sec_text == idx) {
                        fd = 0;
                        goto out;
                }

                fd = bpf_prog_attach(section, prog, ctx);
                free(prog->insns);
                if (fd < 0) {
                        *lderr = true;
                        if (props.tc.total) {
                                if (ctx->cfg.jit_enabled &&
                                    props.tc.total != props.tc.jited)
                                        fprintf(stderr, "JIT enabled, but only %u/%u tail call maps in the program have JITed owner!\n",
                                                props.tc.jited, props.tc.total);
                                if (!ctx->cfg.jit_enabled &&
                                    props.tc.jited)
                                        fprintf(stderr, "JIT disabled, but %u/%u tail call maps in the program have JITed owner!\n",
                                                props.tc.jited, props.tc.total);
                        }
                        return fd;
                }
out:
                ctx->sec_done[i]   = true;
                ctx->sec_done[idx] = true;
                break;
        }

        return fd;
}

static int bpf_fetch_prog_sec(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const char *section)
{
        bool lderr = false, sseen = false;
        struct bpf_elf_prog prog;
        int ret = -1;

        if (bpf_has_call_data(ctx)) {
                ret = bpf_fetch_prog_relo(ctx, ".text", &lderr, NULL,
                                          &ctx->prog_text);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
        }

        if (bpf_has_map_data(ctx) || bpf_has_call_data(ctx))
                ret = bpf_fetch_prog_relo(ctx, section, &lderr, &sseen, &prog);
        if (ret < 0 && !lderr)
                ret = bpf_fetch_prog(ctx, section, &sseen);
        if (ret < 0 && !sseen)
                fprintf(stderr, "Program section \'%s\' not found in ELF file!\n",
                        section);
        return ret;
}

static int bpf_find_map_by_id(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, uint32_t id)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->map_fds); i++)
                if (ctx->map_fds[i] && ctx->maps[i].id == id &&
                    ctx->maps[i].type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY)
                        return i;
        return -1;
}

struct bpf_jited_aux {
        int prog_fd;
        int map_fd;
        struct bpf_prog_data prog;
        struct bpf_map_ext map;
};

static int bpf_derive_prog_from_fdinfo(int fd, struct bpf_prog_data *prog)
{
        char file[PATH_MAX], buff[4096];
        unsigned int val;
        FILE *fp;

        snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "/proc/%d/fdinfo/%d", getpid(), fd);
        memset(prog, 0, sizeof(*prog));

        fp = fopen(file, "r");
        if (!fp) {
                fprintf(stderr, "No procfs support?!\n");
                return -EIO;
        }

        while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) {
                if (sscanf(buff, "prog_type:\t%u", &val) == 1)
                        prog->type = val;
                else if (sscanf(buff, "prog_jited:\t%u", &val) == 1)
                        prog->jited = val;
        }

        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_tail_call_get_aux(struct bpf_jited_aux *aux)
{
        struct bpf_elf_map tmp;
        int ret;

        ret = bpf_derive_elf_map_from_fdinfo(aux->map_fd, &tmp, &aux->map);
        if (!ret)
                ret = bpf_derive_prog_from_fdinfo(aux->prog_fd, &aux->prog);

        return ret;
}

static int bpf_fill_prog_arrays(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        struct bpf_elf_sec_data data;
        uint32_t map_id, key_id;
        int fd, i, ret, idx;

        for (i = 1; i < ctx->elf_hdr.e_shnum; i++) {
                if (ctx->sec_done[i])
                        continue;

                ret = bpf_fill_section_data(ctx, i, &data);
                if (ret < 0)
                        continue;

                ret = sscanf(data.sec_name, "%i/%i", &map_id, &key_id);
                if (ret != 2)
                        continue;

                idx = bpf_find_map_by_id(ctx, map_id);
                if (idx < 0)
                        continue;

                fd = bpf_fetch_prog_sec(ctx, data.sec_name);
                if (fd < 0)
                        return -EIO;

                ret = bpf_map_update(ctx->map_fds[idx], &key_id,
                                     &fd, BPF_ANY);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        struct bpf_jited_aux aux = {};

                        ret = -errno;
                        if (errno == E2BIG) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "Tail call key %u for map %u out of bounds?\n",
                                        key_id, map_id);
                                return ret;
                        }

                        aux.map_fd  = ctx->map_fds[idx];
                        aux.prog_fd = fd;

                        if (bpf_tail_call_get_aux(&aux))
                                return ret;
                        if (!aux.map.owner.type)
                                return ret;

                        if (aux.prog.type != aux.map.owner.type)
                                fprintf(stderr, "Tail call map owned by prog type %u, but prog type is %u!\n",
                                        aux.map.owner.type, aux.prog.type);
                        if (aux.prog.jited != aux.map.owner.jited)
                                fprintf(stderr, "Tail call map %s jited, but prog %s!\n",
                                        aux.map.owner.jited ? "is" : "not",
                                        aux.prog.jited ? "is" : "not");
                        return ret;
                }

                ctx->sec_done[i] = true;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void bpf_save_finfo(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        struct stat st;
        int ret;

        memset(&ctx->stat, 0, sizeof(ctx->stat));

        ret = fstat(ctx->obj_fd, &st);
        if (ret < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Stat of elf file failed: %s\n",
                        strerror(errno));
                return;
        }

        ctx->stat.st_dev = st.st_dev;
        ctx->stat.st_ino = st.st_ino;
}

static int bpf_read_pin_mapping(FILE *fp, uint32_t *id, char *path)
{
        char buff[PATH_MAX];

        while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) {
                char *ptr = buff;

                while (*ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t')
                        ptr++;

                if (*ptr == '#' || *ptr == '\n' || *ptr == 0)
                        continue;

                if (sscanf(ptr, "%i %s\n", id, path) != 2 &&
                    sscanf(ptr, "%i %s #", id, path) != 2) {
                        strcpy(path, ptr);
                        return -1;
                }

                return 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static bool bpf_pinning_reserved(uint32_t pinning)
{
        switch (pinning) {
        case PIN_NONE:
        case PIN_OBJECT_NS:
        case PIN_GLOBAL_NS:
                return true;
        default:
                return false;
        }
}

static void bpf_hash_init(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const char *db_file)
{
        struct bpf_hash_entry *entry;
        char subpath[PATH_MAX] = {};
        uint32_t pinning;
        FILE *fp;
        int ret;

        fp = fopen(db_file, "r");
        if (!fp)
                return;

        while ((ret = bpf_read_pin_mapping(fp, &pinning, subpath))) {
                if (ret == -1) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Database %s is corrupted at: %s\n",
                                db_file, subpath);
                        fclose(fp);
                        return;
                }

                if (bpf_pinning_reserved(pinning)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Database %s, id %u is reserved - ignoring!\n",
                                db_file, pinning);
                        continue;
                }

                entry = malloc(sizeof(*entry));
                if (!entry) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "No memory left for db entry!\n");
                        continue;
                }

                entry->pinning = pinning;
                entry->subpath = strdup(subpath);
                if (!entry->subpath) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "No memory left for db entry!\n");
                        free(entry);
                        continue;
                }

                entry->next = ctx->ht[pinning & (ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->ht) - 1)];
                ctx->ht[pinning & (ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->ht) - 1)] = entry;
        }

        fclose(fp);
}

static void bpf_hash_destroy(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        struct bpf_hash_entry *entry;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->ht); i++) {
                while ((entry = ctx->ht[i]) != NULL) {
                        ctx->ht[i] = entry->next;
                        free((char *)entry->subpath);
                        free(entry);
                }
        }
}

static int bpf_elf_check_ehdr(const struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        if (ctx->elf_hdr.e_type != ET_REL ||
            (ctx->elf_hdr.e_machine != EM_NONE &&
             ctx->elf_hdr.e_machine != EM_BPF) ||
            ctx->elf_hdr.e_version != EV_CURRENT) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ELF format error, ELF file not for eBPF?\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        switch (ctx->elf_hdr.e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
        default:
                fprintf(stderr, "ELF format error, wrong endianness info?\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        case ELFDATA2LSB:
                if (htons(1) == 1) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                "We are big endian, eBPF object is little endian!\n");
                        return -EIO;
                }
                break;
        case ELFDATA2MSB:
                if (htons(1) != 1) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                "We are little endian, eBPF object is big endian!\n");
                        return -EIO;
                }
                break;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void bpf_get_cfg(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        static const char *path_jit = "/proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable";
        int fd;

        fd = open(path_jit, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd >= 0) {
                char tmp[16] = {};

                if (read(fd, tmp, sizeof(tmp)) > 0)
                        ctx->cfg.jit_enabled = atoi(tmp);
                close(fd);
        }
}

static int bpf_elf_ctx_init(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, const char *pathname,
                            enum bpf_prog_type type, __u32 ifindex,
                            bool verbose)
{
        uint8_t tmp[20];
        int ret;

        if (elf_version(EV_CURRENT) == EV_NONE)
                return -EINVAL;

        bpf_init_env();

        memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
        bpf_get_cfg(ctx);

        ret = bpf_obj_hash(pathname, tmp, sizeof(tmp));
        if (ret)
                ctx->noafalg = true;
        else
                hexstring_n2a(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ctx->obj_uid,
                              sizeof(ctx->obj_uid));

        ctx->verbose = verbose;
        ctx->type    = type;
        ctx->ifindex = ifindex;

        ctx->obj_fd = open(pathname, O_RDONLY);
        if (ctx->obj_fd < 0)
                return ctx->obj_fd;

        ctx->elf_fd = elf_begin(ctx->obj_fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
        if (!ctx->elf_fd) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out_fd;
        }

        if (elf_kind(ctx->elf_fd) != ELF_K_ELF) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out_fd;
        }

        if (gelf_getehdr(ctx->elf_fd, &ctx->elf_hdr) !=
            &ctx->elf_hdr) {
                ret = -EIO;
                goto out_elf;
        }

        ret = bpf_elf_check_ehdr(ctx);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out_elf;

        ctx->sec_done = calloc(ctx->elf_hdr.e_shnum,
                               sizeof(*(ctx->sec_done)));
        if (!ctx->sec_done) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out_elf;
        }

        if (ctx->verbose && bpf_log_realloc(ctx)) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out_free;
        }

        bpf_save_finfo(ctx);
        bpf_hash_init(ctx, CONFDIR "/bpf_pinning");

        return 0;
out_free:
        free(ctx->sec_done);
out_elf:
        elf_end(ctx->elf_fd);
out_fd:
        close(ctx->obj_fd);
        return ret;
}

static int bpf_maps_count(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int i, count = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->map_fds); i++) {
                if (!ctx->map_fds[i])
                        break;
                count++;
        }

        return count;
}

static void bpf_maps_teardown(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->map_fds); i++) {
                if (ctx->map_fds[i])
                        close(ctx->map_fds[i]);
        }

        if (ctx->btf_fd)
                close(ctx->btf_fd);
        free(ctx->btf.types);
}

static void bpf_elf_ctx_destroy(struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx, bool failure)
{
        if (failure)
                bpf_maps_teardown(ctx);

        bpf_hash_destroy(ctx);

        free(ctx->prog_text.insns);
        free(ctx->sec_done);
        free(ctx->log);

        elf_end(ctx->elf_fd);
        close(ctx->obj_fd);
}

static struct bpf_elf_ctx __ctx;

static int bpf_obj_open(const char *pathname, enum bpf_prog_type type,
                        const char *section, __u32 ifindex, bool verbose)
{
        struct bpf_elf_ctx *ctx = &__ctx;
        int fd = 0, ret;

        ret = bpf_elf_ctx_init(ctx, pathname, type, ifindex, verbose);
        if (ret < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize ELF context!\n");
                return ret;
        }

        ret = bpf_fetch_ancillary(ctx, strcmp(section, ".text"));
        if (ret < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error fetching ELF ancillary data!\n");
                goto out;
        }

        fd = bpf_fetch_prog_sec(ctx, section);
        if (fd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error fetching program/map!\n");
                ret = fd;
                goto out;
        }

        ret = bpf_fill_prog_arrays(ctx);
        if (ret < 0)
                fprintf(stderr, "Error filling program arrays!\n");
out:
        bpf_elf_ctx_destroy(ctx, ret < 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
                if (fd >= 0)
                        close(fd);
                return ret;