linux/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c
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   1/*
   2 * Testsuite for eBPF verifier
   3 *
   4 * Copyright (c) 2014 PLUMgrid, http://plumgrid.com
   5 * Copyright (c) 2017 Facebook
   6 * Copyright (c) 2018 Covalent IO, Inc. http://covalent.io
   7 *
   8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   9 * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
  10 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
  11 */
  12
  13#include <endian.h>
  14#include <asm/types.h>
  15#include <linux/types.h>
  16#include <stdint.h>
  17#include <stdio.h>
  18#include <stdlib.h>
  19#include <unistd.h>
  20#include <errno.h>
  21#include <string.h>
  22#include <stddef.h>
  23#include <stdbool.h>
  24#include <sched.h>
  25#include <limits.h>
  26#include <assert.h>
  27
  28#include <sys/capability.h>
  29
  30#include <linux/unistd.h>
  31#include <linux/filter.h>
  32#include <linux/bpf_perf_event.h>
  33#include <linux/bpf.h>
  34#include <linux/if_ether.h>
  35#include <linux/btf.h>
  36
  37#include <bpf/bpf.h>
  38#include <bpf/libbpf.h>
  39
  40#ifdef HAVE_GENHDR
  41# include "autoconf.h"
  42#else
  43# if defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__s390x__) || defined(__aarch64__)
  44#  define CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS 1
  45# endif
  46#endif
  47#include "bpf_rlimit.h"
  48#include "bpf_rand.h"
  49#include "bpf_util.h"
  50#include "test_btf.h"
  51#include "../../../include/linux/filter.h"
  52
  53#define MAX_INSNS       BPF_MAXINSNS
  54#define MAX_TEST_INSNS  1000000
  55#define MAX_FIXUPS      8
  56#define MAX_NR_MAPS     19
  57#define MAX_TEST_RUNS   8
  58#define POINTER_VALUE   0xcafe4all
  59#define TEST_DATA_LEN   64
  60
  61#define F_NEEDS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS      (1 << 0)
  62#define F_LOAD_WITH_STRICT_ALIGNMENT            (1 << 1)
  63
  64#define UNPRIV_SYSCTL "kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled"
  65static bool unpriv_disabled = false;
  66static int skips;
  67static bool verbose = false;
  68
  69struct bpf_test {
  70        const char *descr;
  71        struct bpf_insn insns[MAX_INSNS];
  72        struct bpf_insn *fill_insns;
  73        int fixup_map_hash_8b[MAX_FIXUPS];
  74        int fixup_map_hash_48b[MAX_FIXUPS];
  75        int fixup_map_hash_16b[MAX_FIXUPS];
  76        int fixup_map_array_48b[MAX_FIXUPS];
  77        int fixup_map_sockmap[MAX_FIXUPS];
  78        int fixup_map_sockhash[MAX_FIXUPS];
  79        int fixup_map_xskmap[MAX_FIXUPS];
  80        int fixup_map_stacktrace[MAX_FIXUPS];
  81        int fixup_prog1[MAX_FIXUPS];
  82        int fixup_prog2[MAX_FIXUPS];
  83        int fixup_map_in_map[MAX_FIXUPS];
  84        int fixup_cgroup_storage[MAX_FIXUPS];
  85        int fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage[MAX_FIXUPS];
  86        int fixup_map_spin_lock[MAX_FIXUPS];
  87        int fixup_map_array_ro[MAX_FIXUPS];
  88        int fixup_map_array_wo[MAX_FIXUPS];
  89        int fixup_map_array_small[MAX_FIXUPS];
  90        int fixup_sk_storage_map[MAX_FIXUPS];
  91        int fixup_map_event_output[MAX_FIXUPS];
  92        const char *errstr;
  93        const char *errstr_unpriv;
  94        uint32_t insn_processed;
  95        int prog_len;
  96        enum {
  97                UNDEF,
  98                ACCEPT,
  99                REJECT,
 100                VERBOSE_ACCEPT,
 101        } result, result_unpriv;
 102        enum bpf_prog_type prog_type;
 103        uint8_t flags;
 104        void (*fill_helper)(struct bpf_test *self);
 105        uint8_t runs;
 106#define bpf_testdata_struct_t                                   \
 107        struct {                                                \
 108                uint32_t retval, retval_unpriv;                 \
 109                union {                                         \
 110                        __u8 data[TEST_DATA_LEN];               \
 111                        __u64 data64[TEST_DATA_LEN / 8];        \
 112                };                                              \
 113        }
 114        union {
 115                bpf_testdata_struct_t;
 116                bpf_testdata_struct_t retvals[MAX_TEST_RUNS];
 117        };
 118        enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
 119};
 120
 121/* Note we want this to be 64 bit aligned so that the end of our array is
 122 * actually the end of the structure.
 123 */
 124#define MAX_ENTRIES 11
 125
 126struct test_val {
 127        unsigned int index;
 128        int foo[MAX_ENTRIES];
 129};
 130
 131struct other_val {
 132        long long foo;
 133        long long bar;
 134};
 135
 136static void bpf_fill_ld_abs_vlan_push_pop(struct bpf_test *self)
 137{
 138        /* test: {skb->data[0], vlan_push} x 51 + {skb->data[0], vlan_pop} x 51 */
 139#define PUSH_CNT 51
 140        /* jump range is limited to 16 bit. PUSH_CNT of ld_abs needs room */
 141        unsigned int len = (1 << 15) - PUSH_CNT * 2 * 5 * 6;
 142        struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
 143        int i = 0, j, k = 0;
 144
 145        insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
 146loop:
 147        for (j = 0; j < PUSH_CNT; j++) {
 148                insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 0);
 149                /* jump to error label */
 150                insn[i] = BPF_JMP32_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0x34, len - i - 3);
 151                i++;
 152                insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6);
 153                insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_2, 1);
 154                insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_3, 2);
 155                insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
 156                                         BPF_FUNC_skb_vlan_push),
 157                insn[i] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0, len - i - 3);
 158                i++;
 159        }
 160
 161        for (j = 0; j < PUSH_CNT; j++) {
 162                insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 0);
 163                insn[i] = BPF_JMP32_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0x34, len - i - 3);
 164                i++;
 165                insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6);
 166                insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
 167                                         BPF_FUNC_skb_vlan_pop),
 168                insn[i] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0, len - i - 3);
 169                i++;
 170        }
 171        if (++k < 5)
 172                goto loop;
 173
 174        for (; i < len - 3; i++)
 175                insn[i] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 0xbef);
 176        insn[len - 3] = BPF_JMP_A(1);
 177        /* error label */
 178        insn[len - 2] = BPF_MOV32_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0);
 179        insn[len - 1] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
 180        self->prog_len = len;
 181}
 182
 183static void bpf_fill_jump_around_ld_abs(struct bpf_test *self)
 184{
 185        struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
 186        /* jump range is limited to 16 bit. every ld_abs is replaced by 6 insns,
 187         * but on arches like arm, ppc etc, there will be one BPF_ZEXT inserted
 188         * to extend the error value of the inlined ld_abs sequence which then
 189         * contains 7 insns. so, set the dividend to 7 so the testcase could
 190         * work on all arches.
 191         */
 192        unsigned int len = (1 << 15) / 7;
 193        int i = 0;
 194
 195        insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
 196        insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 0);
 197        insn[i] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, 10, len - i - 2);
 198        i++;
 199        while (i < len - 1)
 200                insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 1);
 201        insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
 202        self->prog_len = i + 1;
 203}
 204
 205static void bpf_fill_rand_ld_dw(struct bpf_test *self)
 206{
 207        struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
 208        uint64_t res = 0;
 209        int i = 0;
 210
 211        insn[i++] = BPF_MOV32_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0);
 212        while (i < self->retval) {
 213                uint64_t val = bpf_semi_rand_get();
 214                struct bpf_insn tmp[2] = { BPF_LD_IMM64(BPF_REG_1, val) };
 215
 216                res ^= val;
 217                insn[i++] = tmp[0];
 218                insn[i++] = tmp[1];
 219                insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_XOR, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_1);
 220        }
 221        insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_0);
 222        insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_RSH, BPF_REG_1, 32);
 223        insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_XOR, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_1);
 224        insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
 225        self->prog_len = i + 1;
 226        res ^= (res >> 32);
 227        self->retval = (uint32_t)res;
 228}
 229
 230#define MAX_JMP_SEQ 8192
 231
 232/* test the sequence of 8k jumps */
 233static void bpf_fill_scale1(struct bpf_test *self)
 234{
 235        struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
 236        int i = 0, k = 0;
 237
 238        insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
 239        /* test to check that the long sequence of jumps is acceptable */
 240        while (k++ < MAX_JMP_SEQ) {
 241                insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
 242                                         BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32);
 243                insn[i++] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, bpf_semi_rand_get(), 2);
 244                insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_10);
 245                insn[i++] = BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6,
 246                                        -8 * (k % 64 + 1));
 247        }
 248        /* is_state_visited() doesn't allocate state for pruning for every jump.
 249         * Hence multiply jmps by 4 to accommodate that heuristic
 250         */
 251        while (i < MAX_TEST_INSNS - MAX_JMP_SEQ * 4)
 252                insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 42);
 253        insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
 254        self->prog_len = i + 1;
 255        self->retval = 42;
 256}
 257
 258/* test the sequence of 8k jumps in inner most function (function depth 8)*/
 259static void bpf_fill_scale2(struct bpf_test *self)
 260{
 261        struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
 262        int i = 0, k = 0;
 263
 264#define FUNC_NEST 7
 265        for (k = 0; k < FUNC_NEST; k++) {
 266                insn[i++] = BPF_CALL_REL(1);
 267                insn[i++] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
 268        }
 269        insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
 270        /* test to check that the long sequence of jumps is acceptable */
 271        k = 0;
 272        while (k++ < MAX_JMP_SEQ) {
 273                insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
 274                                         BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32);
 275                insn[i++] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, bpf_semi_rand_get(), 2);
 276                insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_10);
 277                insn[i++] = BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6,
 278                                        -8 * (k % (64 - 4 * FUNC_NEST) + 1));
 279        }
 280        while (i < MAX_TEST_INSNS - MAX_JMP_SEQ * 4)
 281                insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 42);
 282        insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
 283        self->prog_len = i + 1;
 284        self->retval = 42;
 285}
 286
 287static void bpf_fill_scale(struct bpf_test *self)
 288{
 289        switch (self->retval) {
 290        case 1:
 291                return bpf_fill_scale1(self);
 292        case 2:
 293                return bpf_fill_scale2(self);
 294        default:
 295                self->prog_len = 0;
 296                break;
 297        }
 298}
 299
 300/* BPF_SK_LOOKUP contains 13 instructions, if you need to fix up maps */
 301#define BPF_SK_LOOKUP(func)                                             \
 302        /* struct bpf_sock_tuple tuple = {} */                          \
 303        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_2, 0),                                    \
 304        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -8),                  \
 305        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -16),                \
 306        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -24),                \
 307        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -32),                \
 308        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -40),                \
 309        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -48),                \
 310        /* sk = func(ctx, &tuple, sizeof tuple, 0, 0) */                \
 311        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_10),                           \
 312        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_2, -48),                         \
 313        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_3, sizeof(struct bpf_sock_tuple)),        \
 314        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_4, 0),                                    \
 315        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_5, 0),                                    \
 316        BPF_EMIT_CALL(BPF_FUNC_ ## func)
 317
 318/* BPF_DIRECT_PKT_R2 contains 7 instructions, it initializes default return
 319 * value into 0 and does necessary preparation for direct packet access
 320 * through r2. The allowed access range is 8 bytes.
 321 */
 322#define BPF_DIRECT_PKT_R2                                               \
 323        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),                                    \
 324        BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_1,                        \
 325                    offsetof(struct __sk_buff, data)),                  \
 326        BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_3, BPF_REG_1,                        \
 327                    offsetof(struct __sk_buff, data_end)),              \
 328        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_4, BPF_REG_2),                            \
 329        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_4, 8),                           \
 330        BPF_JMP_REG(BPF_JLE, BPF_REG_4, BPF_REG_3, 1),                  \
 331        BPF_EXIT_INSN()
 332
 333/* BPF_RAND_UEXT_R7 contains 4 instructions, it initializes R7 into a random
 334 * positive u32, and zero-extend it into 64-bit.
 335 */
 336#define BPF_RAND_UEXT_R7                                                \
 337        BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,                       \
 338                     BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32),                         \
 339        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_7, BPF_REG_0),                            \
 340        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_LSH, BPF_REG_7, 33),                          \
 341        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_RSH, BPF_REG_7, 33)
 342
 343/* BPF_RAND_SEXT_R7 contains 5 instructions, it initializes R7 into a random
 344 * negative u32, and sign-extend it into 64-bit.
 345 */
 346#define BPF_RAND_SEXT_R7                                                \
 347        BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,                       \
 348                     BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32),                         \
 349        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_7, BPF_REG_0),                            \
 350        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_OR, BPF_REG_7, 0x80000000),                   \
 351        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_LSH, BPF_REG_7, 32),                          \
 352        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ARSH, BPF_REG_7, 32)
 353
 354static struct bpf_test tests[] = {
 355#define FILL_ARRAY
 356#include <verifier/tests.h>
 357#undef FILL_ARRAY
 358};
 359
 360static int probe_filter_length(const struct bpf_insn *fp)
 361{
 362        int len;
 363
 364        for (len = MAX_INSNS - 1; len > 0; --len)
 365                if (fp[len].code != 0 || fp[len].imm != 0)
 366                        break;
 367        return len + 1;
 368}
 369
 370static bool skip_unsupported_map(enum bpf_map_type map_type)
 371{
 372        if (!bpf_probe_map_type(map_type, 0)) {
 373                printf("SKIP (unsupported map type %d)\n", map_type);
 374                skips++;
 375                return true;
 376        }
 377        return false;
 378}
 379
 380static int __create_map(uint32_t type, uint32_t size_key,
 381                        uint32_t size_value, uint32_t max_elem,
 382                        uint32_t extra_flags)
 383{
 384        int fd;
 385
 386        fd = bpf_create_map(type, size_key, size_value, max_elem,
 387                            (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH ?
 388                             BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC : 0) | extra_flags);
 389        if (fd < 0) {
 390                if (skip_unsupported_map(type))
 391                        return -1;
 392                printf("Failed to create hash map '%s'!\n", strerror(errno));
 393        }
 394
 395        return fd;
 396}
 397
 398static int create_map(uint32_t type, uint32_t size_key,
 399                      uint32_t size_value, uint32_t max_elem)
 400{
 401        return __create_map(type, size_key, size_value, max_elem, 0);
 402}
 403
 404static void update_map(int fd, int index)
 405{
 406        struct test_val value = {
 407                .index = (6 + 1) * sizeof(int),
 408                .foo[6] = 0xabcdef12,
 409        };
 410
 411        assert(!bpf_map_update_elem(fd, &index, &value, 0));
 412}
 413
 414static int create_prog_dummy_simple(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, int ret)
 415{
 416        struct bpf_insn prog[] = {
 417                BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, ret),
 418                BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
 419        };
 420
 421        return bpf_load_program(prog_type, prog,
 422                                ARRAY_SIZE(prog), "GPL", 0, NULL, 0);
 423}
 424
 425static int create_prog_dummy_loop(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, int mfd,
 426                                  int idx, int ret)
 427{
 428        struct bpf_insn prog[] = {
 429                BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_3, idx),
 430                BPF_LD_MAP_FD(BPF_REG_2, mfd),
 431                BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
 432                             BPF_FUNC_tail_call),
 433                BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, ret),
 434                BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
 435        };
 436
 437        return bpf_load_program(prog_type, prog,
 438                                ARRAY_SIZE(prog), "GPL", 0, NULL, 0);
 439}
 440
 441static int create_prog_array(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, uint32_t max_elem,
 442                             int p1key, int p2key, int p3key)
 443{
 444        int mfd, p1fd, p2fd, p3fd;
 445
 446        mfd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
 447                             sizeof(int), max_elem, 0);
 448        if (mfd < 0) {
 449                if (skip_unsupported_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY))
 450                        return -1;
 451                printf("Failed to create prog array '%s'!\n", strerror(errno));
 452                return -1;
 453        }
 454
 455        p1fd = create_prog_dummy_simple(prog_type, 42);
 456        p2fd = create_prog_dummy_loop(prog_type, mfd, p2key, 41);
 457        p3fd = create_prog_dummy_simple(prog_type, 24);
 458        if (p1fd < 0 || p2fd < 0 || p3fd < 0)
 459                goto err;
 460        if (bpf_map_update_elem(mfd, &p1key, &p1fd, BPF_ANY) < 0)
 461                goto err;
 462        if (bpf_map_update_elem(mfd, &p2key, &p2fd, BPF_ANY) < 0)
 463                goto err;
 464        if (bpf_map_update_elem(mfd, &p3key, &p3fd, BPF_ANY) < 0) {
 465err:
 466                close(mfd);
 467                mfd = -1;
 468        }
 469        close(p3fd);
 470        close(p2fd);
 471        close(p1fd);
 472        return mfd;
 473}
 474
 475static int create_map_in_map(void)
 476{
 477        int inner_map_fd, outer_map_fd;
 478
 479        inner_map_fd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
 480                                      sizeof(int), 1, 0);
 481        if (inner_map_fd < 0) {
 482                if (skip_unsupported_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY))
 483                        return -1;
 484                printf("Failed to create array '%s'!\n", strerror(errno));
 485                return inner_map_fd;
 486        }
 487
 488        outer_map_fd = bpf_create_map_in_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS, NULL,
 489                                             sizeof(int), inner_map_fd, 1, 0);
 490        if (outer_map_fd < 0) {
 491                if (skip_unsupported_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS))
 492                        return -1;
 493                printf("Failed to create array of maps '%s'!\n",
 494                       strerror(errno));
 495        }
 496
 497        close(inner_map_fd);
 498
 499        return outer_map_fd;
 500}
 501
 502static int create_cgroup_storage(bool percpu)
 503{
 504        enum bpf_map_type type = percpu ? BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE :
 505                BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE;
 506        int fd;
 507
 508        fd = bpf_create_map(type, sizeof(struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key),
 509                            TEST_DATA_LEN, 0, 0);
 510        if (fd < 0) {
 511                if (skip_unsupported_map(type))
 512                        return -1;
 513                printf("Failed to create cgroup storage '%s'!\n",
 514                       strerror(errno));
 515        }
 516
 517        return fd;
 518}
 519
 520/* struct bpf_spin_lock {
 521 *   int val;
 522 * };
 523 * struct val {
 524 *   int cnt;
 525 *   struct bpf_spin_lock l;
 526 * };
 527 */
 528static const char btf_str_sec[] = "\0bpf_spin_lock\0val\0cnt\0l";
 529static __u32 btf_raw_types[] = {
 530        /* int */
 531        BTF_TYPE_INT_ENC(0, BTF_INT_SIGNED, 0, 32, 4),  /* [1] */
 532        /* struct bpf_spin_lock */                      /* [2] */
 533        BTF_TYPE_ENC(1, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_STRUCT, 0, 1), 4),
 534        BTF_MEMBER_ENC(15, 1, 0), /* int val; */
 535        /* struct val */                                /* [3] */
 536        BTF_TYPE_ENC(15, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_STRUCT, 0, 2), 8),
 537        BTF_MEMBER_ENC(19, 1, 0), /* int cnt; */
 538        BTF_MEMBER_ENC(23, 2, 32),/* struct bpf_spin_lock l; */
 539};
 540
 541static int load_btf(void)
 542{
 543        struct btf_header hdr = {
 544                .magic = BTF_MAGIC,
 545                .version = BTF_VERSION,
 546                .hdr_len = sizeof(struct btf_header),
 547                .type_len = sizeof(btf_raw_types),
 548                .str_off = sizeof(btf_raw_types),
 549                .str_len = sizeof(btf_str_sec),
 550        };
 551        void *ptr, *raw_btf;
 552        int btf_fd;
 553
 554        ptr = raw_btf = malloc(sizeof(hdr) + sizeof(btf_raw_types) +
 555                               sizeof(btf_str_sec));
 556
 557        memcpy(ptr, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
 558        ptr += sizeof(hdr);
 559        memcpy(ptr, btf_raw_types, hdr.type_len);
 560        ptr += hdr.type_len;
 561        memcpy(ptr, btf_str_sec, hdr.str_len);
 562        ptr += hdr.str_len;
 563
 564        btf_fd = bpf_load_btf(raw_btf, ptr - raw_btf, 0, 0, 0);
 565        free(raw_btf);
 566        if (btf_fd < 0)
 567                return -1;
 568        return btf_fd;
 569}
 570
 571static int create_map_spin_lock(void)
 572{
 573        struct bpf_create_map_attr attr = {
 574                .name = "test_map",
 575                .map_type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
 576                .key_size = 4,
 577                .value_size = 8,
 578                .max_entries = 1,
 579                .btf_key_type_id = 1,
 580                .btf_value_type_id = 3,
 581        };
 582        int fd, btf_fd;
 583
 584        btf_fd = load_btf();
 585        if (btf_fd < 0)
 586                return -1;
 587        attr.btf_fd = btf_fd;
 588        fd = bpf_create_map_xattr(&attr);
 589        if (fd < 0)
 590                printf("Failed to create map with spin_lock\n");
 591        return fd;
 592}
 593
 594static int create_sk_storage_map(void)
 595{
 596        struct bpf_create_map_attr attr = {
 597                .name = "test_map",
 598                .map_type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_STORAGE,
 599                .key_size = 4,
 600                .value_size = 8,
 601                .max_entries = 0,
 602                .map_flags = BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC,
 603                .btf_key_type_id = 1,
 604                .btf_value_type_id = 3,
 605        };
 606        int fd, btf_fd;
 607
 608        btf_fd = load_btf();
 609        if (btf_fd < 0)
 610                return -1;
 611        attr.btf_fd = btf_fd;
 612        fd = bpf_create_map_xattr(&attr);
 613        close(attr.btf_fd);
 614        if (fd < 0)
 615                printf("Failed to create sk_storage_map\n");
 616        return fd;
 617}
 618
 619static char bpf_vlog[UINT_MAX >> 8];
 620
 621static void do_test_fixup(struct bpf_test *test, enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
 622                          struct bpf_insn *prog, int *map_fds)
 623{
 624        int *fixup_map_hash_8b = test->fixup_map_hash_8b;
 625        int *fixup_map_hash_48b = test->fixup_map_hash_48b;
 626        int *fixup_map_hash_16b = test->fixup_map_hash_16b;
 627        int *fixup_map_array_48b = test->fixup_map_array_48b;
 628        int *fixup_map_sockmap = test->fixup_map_sockmap;
 629        int *fixup_map_sockhash = test->fixup_map_sockhash;
 630        int *fixup_map_xskmap = test->fixup_map_xskmap;
 631        int *fixup_map_stacktrace = test->fixup_map_stacktrace;
 632        int *fixup_prog1 = test->fixup_prog1;
 633        int *fixup_prog2 = test->fixup_prog2;
 634        int *fixup_map_in_map = test->fixup_map_in_map;
 635        int *fixup_cgroup_storage = test->fixup_cgroup_storage;
 636        int *fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage = test->fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage;
 637        int *fixup_map_spin_lock = test->fixup_map_spin_lock;
 638        int *fixup_map_array_ro = test->fixup_map_array_ro;
 639        int *fixup_map_array_wo = test->fixup_map_array_wo;
 640        int *fixup_map_array_small = test->fixup_map_array_small;
 641        int *fixup_sk_storage_map = test->fixup_sk_storage_map;
 642        int *fixup_map_event_output = test->fixup_map_event_output;
 643
 644        if (test->fill_helper) {
 645                test->fill_insns = calloc(MAX_TEST_INSNS, sizeof(struct bpf_insn));
 646                test->fill_helper(test);
 647        }
 648
 649        /* Allocating HTs with 1 elem is fine here, since we only test
 650         * for verifier and not do a runtime lookup, so the only thing
 651         * that really matters is value size in this case.
 652         */
 653        if (*fixup_map_hash_8b) {
 654                map_fds[0] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(long long),
 655                                        sizeof(long long), 1);
 656                do {
 657                        prog[*fixup_map_hash_8b].imm = map_fds[0];
 658                        fixup_map_hash_8b++;
 659                } while (*fixup_map_hash_8b);
 660        }
 661
 662        if (*fixup_map_hash_48b) {
 663                map_fds[1] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(long long),
 664                                        sizeof(struct test_val), 1);
 665                do {
 666                        prog[*fixup_map_hash_48b].imm = map_fds[1];
 667                        fixup_map_hash_48b++;
 668                } while (*fixup_map_hash_48b);
 669        }
 670
 671        if (*fixup_map_hash_16b) {
 672                map_fds[2] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(long long),
 673                                        sizeof(struct other_val), 1);
 674                do {
 675                        prog[*fixup_map_hash_16b].imm = map_fds[2];
 676                        fixup_map_hash_16b++;
 677                } while (*fixup_map_hash_16b);
 678        }
 679
 680        if (*fixup_map_array_48b) {
 681                map_fds[3] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
 682                                        sizeof(struct test_val), 1);
 683                update_map(map_fds[3], 0);
 684                do {
 685                        prog[*fixup_map_array_48b].imm = map_fds[3];
 686                        fixup_map_array_48b++;
 687                } while (*fixup_map_array_48b);
 688        }
 689
 690        if (*fixup_prog1) {
 691                map_fds[4] = create_prog_array(prog_type, 4, 0, 1, 2);
 692                do {
 693                        prog[*fixup_prog1].imm = map_fds[4];
 694                        fixup_prog1++;
 695                } while (*fixup_prog1);
 696        }
 697
 698        if (*fixup_prog2) {
 699                map_fds[5] = create_prog_array(prog_type, 8, 7, 1, 2);
 700                do {
 701                        prog[*fixup_prog2].imm = map_fds[5];
 702                        fixup_prog2++;
 703                } while (*fixup_prog2);
 704        }
 705
 706        if (*fixup_map_in_map) {
 707                map_fds[6] = create_map_in_map();
 708                do {
 709                        prog[*fixup_map_in_map].imm = map_fds[6];
 710                        fixup_map_in_map++;
 711                } while (*fixup_map_in_map);
 712        }
 713
 714        if (*fixup_cgroup_storage) {
 715                map_fds[7] = create_cgroup_storage(false);
 716                do {
 717                        prog[*fixup_cgroup_storage].imm = map_fds[7];
 718                        fixup_cgroup_storage++;
 719                } while (*fixup_cgroup_storage);
 720        }
 721
 722        if (*fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage) {
 723                map_fds[8] = create_cgroup_storage(true);
 724                do {
 725                        prog[*fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage].imm = map_fds[8];
 726                        fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage++;
 727                } while (*fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage);
 728        }
 729        if (*fixup_map_sockmap) {
 730                map_fds[9] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP, sizeof(int),
 731                                        sizeof(int), 1);
 732                do {
 733                        prog[*fixup_map_sockmap].imm = map_fds[9];
 734                        fixup_map_sockmap++;
 735                } while (*fixup_map_sockmap);
 736        }
 737        if (*fixup_map_sockhash) {
 738                map_fds[10] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH, sizeof(int),
 739                                        sizeof(int), 1);
 740                do {
 741                        prog[*fixup_map_sockhash].imm = map_fds[10];
 742                        fixup_map_sockhash++;
 743                } while (*fixup_map_sockhash);
 744        }
 745        if (*fixup_map_xskmap) {
 746                map_fds[11] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP, sizeof(int),
 747                                        sizeof(int), 1);
 748                do {
 749                        prog[*fixup_map_xskmap].imm = map_fds[11];
 750                        fixup_map_xskmap++;
 751                } while (*fixup_map_xskmap);
 752        }
 753        if (*fixup_map_stacktrace) {
 754                map_fds[12] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE, sizeof(u32),
 755                                         sizeof(u64), 1);
 756                do {
 757                        prog[*fixup_map_stacktrace].imm = map_fds[12];
 758                        fixup_map_stacktrace++;
 759                } while (*fixup_map_stacktrace);
 760        }
 761        if (*fixup_map_spin_lock) {
 762                map_fds[13] = create_map_spin_lock();
 763                do {
 764                        prog[*fixup_map_spin_lock].imm = map_fds[13];
 765                        fixup_map_spin_lock++;
 766                } while (*fixup_map_spin_lock);
 767        }
 768        if (*fixup_map_array_ro) {
 769                map_fds[14] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
 770                                           sizeof(struct test_val), 1,
 771                                           BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG);
 772                update_map(map_fds[14], 0);
 773                do {
 774                        prog[*fixup_map_array_ro].imm = map_fds[14];
 775                        fixup_map_array_ro++;
 776                } while (*fixup_map_array_ro);
 777        }
 778        if (*fixup_map_array_wo) {
 779                map_fds[15] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
 780                                           sizeof(struct test_val), 1,
 781                                           BPF_F_WRONLY_PROG);
 782                update_map(map_fds[15], 0);
 783                do {
 784                        prog[*fixup_map_array_wo].imm = map_fds[15];
 785                        fixup_map_array_wo++;
 786                } while (*fixup_map_array_wo);
 787        }
 788        if (*fixup_map_array_small) {
 789                map_fds[16] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
 790                                           1, 1, 0);
 791                update_map(map_fds[16], 0);
 792                do {
 793                        prog[*fixup_map_array_small].imm = map_fds[16];
 794                        fixup_map_array_small++;
 795                } while (*fixup_map_array_small);
 796        }
 797        if (*fixup_sk_storage_map) {
 798                map_fds[17] = create_sk_storage_map();
 799                do {
 800                        prog[*fixup_sk_storage_map].imm = map_fds[17];
 801                        fixup_sk_storage_map++;
 802                } while (*fixup_sk_storage_map);
 803        }
 804        if (*fixup_map_event_output) {
 805                map_fds[18] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY,
 806                                           sizeof(int), sizeof(int), 1, 0);
 807                do {
 808                        prog[*fixup_map_event_output].imm = map_fds[18];
 809                        fixup_map_event_output++;
 810                } while (*fixup_map_event_output);
 811        }
 812}
 813
 814static int set_admin(bool admin)
 815{
 816        cap_t caps;
 817        const cap_value_t cap_val = CAP_SYS_ADMIN;
 818        int ret = -1;
 819
 820        caps = cap_get_proc();
 821        if (!caps) {
 822                perror("cap_get_proc");
 823                return -1;
 824        }
 825        if (cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &cap_val,
 826                                admin ? CAP_SET : CAP_CLEAR)) {
 827                perror("cap_set_flag");
 828                goto out;
 829        }
 830        if (cap_set_proc(caps)) {
 831                perror("cap_set_proc");
 832                goto out;
 833        }
 834        ret = 0;
 835out:
 836        if (cap_free(caps))
 837                perror("cap_free");
 838        return ret;
 839}
 840
 841static int do_prog_test_run(int fd_prog, bool unpriv, uint32_t expected_val,
 842                            void *data, size_t size_data)
 843{
 844        __u8 tmp[TEST_DATA_LEN << 2];
 845        __u32 size_tmp = sizeof(tmp);
 846        uint32_t retval;
 847        int err;
 848
 849        if (unpriv)
 850                set_admin(true);
 851        err = bpf_prog_test_run(fd_prog, 1, data, size_data,
 852                                tmp, &size_tmp, &retval, NULL);
 853        if (unpriv)
 854                set_admin(false);
 855        if (err && errno != 524/*ENOTSUPP*/ && errno != EPERM) {
 856                printf("Unexpected bpf_prog_test_run error ");
 857                return err;
 858        }
 859        if (!err && retval != expected_val &&
 860            expected_val != POINTER_VALUE) {
 861                printf("FAIL retval %d != %d ", retval, expected_val);
 862                return 1;
 863        }
 864
 865        return 0;
 866}
 867
 868static bool cmp_str_seq(const char *log, const char *exp)
 869{
 870        char needle[80];
 871        const char *p, *q;
 872        int len;
 873
 874        do {
 875                p = strchr(exp, '\t');
 876                if (!p)
 877                        p = exp + strlen(exp);
 878
 879                len = p - exp;
 880                if (len >= sizeof(needle) || !len) {
 881                        printf("FAIL\nTestcase bug\n");
 882                        return false;
 883                }
 884                strncpy(needle, exp, len);
 885                needle[len] = 0;
 886                q = strstr(log, needle);
 887                if (!q) {
 888                        printf("FAIL\nUnexpected verifier log in successful load!\n"
 889                               "EXP: %s\nRES:\n", needle);
 890                        return false;
 891                }
 892                log = q + len;
 893                exp = p + 1;
 894        } while (*p);
 895        return true;
 896}
 897
 898static void do_test_single(struct bpf_test *test, bool unpriv,
 899                           int *passes, int *errors)
 900{
 901        int fd_prog, expected_ret, alignment_prevented_execution;
 902        int prog_len, prog_type = test->prog_type;
 903        struct bpf_insn *prog = test->insns;
 904        struct bpf_load_program_attr attr;
 905        int run_errs, run_successes;
 906        int map_fds[MAX_NR_MAPS];
 907        const char *expected_err;
 908        int fixup_skips;
 909        __u32 pflags;
 910        int i, err;
 911
 912        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_MAPS; i++)
 913                map_fds[i] = -1;
 914
 915        if (!prog_type)
 916                prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER;
 917        fixup_skips = skips;
 918        do_test_fixup(test, prog_type, prog, map_fds);
 919        if (test->fill_insns) {
 920                prog = test->fill_insns;
 921                prog_len = test->prog_len;
 922        } else {
 923                prog_len = probe_filter_length(prog);
 924        }
 925        /* If there were some map skips during fixup due to missing bpf
 926         * features, skip this test.
 927         */
 928        if (fixup_skips != skips)
 929                return;
 930
 931        pflags = BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32;
 932        if (test->flags & F_LOAD_WITH_STRICT_ALIGNMENT)
 933                pflags |= BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT;
 934        if (test->flags & F_NEEDS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS)
 935                pflags |= BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT;
 936        if (test->flags & ~3)
 937                pflags |= test->flags;
 938
 939        expected_ret = unpriv && test->result_unpriv != UNDEF ?
 940                       test->result_unpriv : test->result;
 941        expected_err = unpriv && test->errstr_unpriv ?
 942                       test->errstr_unpriv : test->errstr;
 943        memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
 944        attr.prog_type = prog_type;
 945        attr.expected_attach_type = test->expected_attach_type;
 946        attr.insns = prog;
 947        attr.insns_cnt = prog_len;
 948        attr.license = "GPL";
 949        attr.log_level = verbose || expected_ret == VERBOSE_ACCEPT ? 1 : 4;
 950        attr.prog_flags = pflags;
 951
 952        fd_prog = bpf_load_program_xattr(&attr, bpf_vlog, sizeof(bpf_vlog));
 953        if (fd_prog < 0 && !bpf_probe_prog_type(prog_type, 0)) {
 954                printf("SKIP (unsupported program type %d)\n", prog_type);
 955                skips++;
 956                goto close_fds;
 957        }
 958
 959        alignment_prevented_execution = 0;
 960
 961        if (expected_ret == ACCEPT || expected_ret == VERBOSE_ACCEPT) {
 962                if (fd_prog < 0) {
 963                        printf("FAIL\nFailed to load prog '%s'!\n",
 964                               strerror(errno));
 965                        goto fail_log;
 966                }
 967#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
 968                if (fd_prog >= 0 &&
 969                    (test->flags & F_NEEDS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS))
 970                        alignment_prevented_execution = 1;
 971#endif
 972                if (expected_ret == VERBOSE_ACCEPT && !cmp_str_seq(bpf_vlog, expected_err)) {
 973                        goto fail_log;
 974                }
 975        } else {
 976                if (fd_prog >= 0) {
 977                        printf("FAIL\nUnexpected success to load!\n");
 978                        goto fail_log;
 979                }
 980                if (!expected_err || !strstr(bpf_vlog, expected_err)) {
 981                        printf("FAIL\nUnexpected error message!\n\tEXP: %s\n\tRES: %s\n",
 982                              expected_err, bpf_vlog);
 983                        goto fail_log;
 984                }
 985        }
 986
 987        if (test->insn_processed) {
 988                uint32_t insn_processed;
 989                char *proc;
 990
 991                proc = strstr(bpf_vlog, "processed ");
 992                insn_processed = atoi(proc + 10);
 993                if (test->insn_processed != insn_processed) {
 994                        printf("FAIL\nUnexpected insn_processed %u vs %u\n",
 995                               insn_processed, test->insn_processed);
 996                        goto fail_log;
 997                }
 998        }
 999
1000        if (verbose)
1001                printf(", verifier log:\n%s", bpf_vlog);
1002
1003        run_errs = 0;
1004        run_successes = 0;
1005        if (!alignment_prevented_execution && fd_prog >= 0) {
1006                uint32_t expected_val;
1007                int i;
1008
1009                if (!test->runs)
1010                        test->runs = 1;
1011
1012                for (i = 0; i < test->runs; i++) {
1013                        if (unpriv && test->retvals[i].retval_unpriv)
1014                                expected_val = test->retvals[i].retval_unpriv;
1015                        else
1016                                expected_val = test->retvals[i].retval;
1017
1018                        err = do_prog_test_run(fd_prog, unpriv, expected_val,
1019                                               test->retvals[i].data,
1020                                               sizeof(test->retvals[i].data));
1021                        if (err) {
1022                                printf("(run %d/%d) ", i + 1, test->runs);
1023                                run_errs++;
1024                        } else {
1025                                run_successes++;
1026                        }
1027                }
1028        }
1029
1030        if (!run_errs) {
1031                (*passes)++;
1032                if (run_successes > 1)
1033                        printf("%d cases ", run_successes);
1034                printf("OK");
1035                if (alignment_prevented_execution)
1036                        printf(" (NOTE: not executed due to unknown alignment)");
1037                printf("\n");
1038        } else {
1039                printf("\n");
1040                goto fail_log;
1041        }
1042close_fds:
1043        if (test->fill_insns)
1044                free(test->fill_insns);
1045        close(fd_prog);
1046        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_MAPS; i++)
1047                close(map_fds[i]);
1048        sched_yield();
1049        return;
1050fail_log:
1051        (*errors)++;
1052        printf("%s", bpf_vlog);
1053        goto close_fds;
1054}
1055
1056static bool is_admin(void)
1057{
1058        cap_t caps;
1059        cap_flag_value_t sysadmin = CAP_CLEAR;
1060        const cap_value_t cap_val = CAP_SYS_ADMIN;
1061
1062#ifdef CAP_IS_SUPPORTED
1063        if (!CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(CAP_SETFCAP)) {
1064                perror("cap_get_flag");
1065                return false;
1066        }
1067#endif
1068        caps = cap_get_proc();
1069        if (!caps) {
1070                perror("cap_get_proc");
1071                return false;
1072        }
1073        if (cap_get_flag(caps, cap_val, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &sysadmin))
1074                perror("cap_get_flag");
1075        if (cap_free(caps))
1076                perror("cap_free");
1077        return (sysadmin == CAP_SET);
1078}
1079
1080static void get_unpriv_disabled()
1081{
1082        char buf[2];
1083        FILE *fd;
1084
1085        fd = fopen("/proc/sys/"UNPRIV_SYSCTL, "r");
1086        if (!fd) {
1087                perror("fopen /proc/sys/"UNPRIV_SYSCTL);
1088                unpriv_disabled = true;
1089                return;
1090        }
1091        if (fgets(buf, 2, fd) == buf && atoi(buf))
1092                unpriv_disabled = true;
1093        fclose(fd);
1094}
1095
1096static bool test_as_unpriv(struct bpf_test *test)
1097{
1098        return !test->prog_type ||
1099               test->prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER ||
1100               test->prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB;
1101}
1102
1103static int do_test(bool unpriv, unsigned int from, unsigned int to)
1104{
1105        int i, passes = 0, errors = 0;
1106
1107        for (i = from; i < to; i++) {
1108                struct bpf_test *test = &tests[i];
1109
1110                /* Program types that are not supported by non-root we
1111                 * skip right away.
1112                 */
1113                if (test_as_unpriv(test) && unpriv_disabled) {
1114                        printf("#%d/u %s SKIP\n", i, test->descr);
1115                        skips++;
1116                } else if (test_as_unpriv(test)) {
1117                        if (!unpriv)
1118                                set_admin(false);
1119                        printf("#%d/u %s ", i, test->descr);
1120                        do_test_single(test, true, &passes, &errors);
1121                        if (!unpriv)
1122                                set_admin(true);
1123                }
1124
1125                if (unpriv) {
1126                        printf("#%d/p %s SKIP\n", i, test->descr);
1127                        skips++;
1128                } else {
1129                        printf("#%d/p %s ", i, test->descr);
1130                        do_test_single(test, false, &passes, &errors);
1131                }
1132        }
1133
1134        printf("Summary: %d PASSED, %d SKIPPED, %d FAILED\n", passes,
1135               skips, errors);
1136        return errors ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
1137}
1138
1139int main(int argc, char **argv)
1140{
1141        unsigned int from = 0, to = ARRAY_SIZE(tests);
1142        bool unpriv = !is_admin();
1143        int arg = 1;
1144
1145        if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-v") == 0) {
1146                arg++;
1147                verbose = true;
1148                argc--;
1149        }
1150
1151        if (argc == 3) {
1152                unsigned int l = atoi(argv[arg]);
1153                unsigned int u = atoi(argv[arg + 1]);
1154
1155                if (l < to && u < to) {
1156                        from = l;
1157                        to   = u + 1;
1158                }
1159        } else if (argc == 2) {
1160                unsigned int t = atoi(argv[arg]);
1161
1162                if (t < to) {
1163                        from = t;
1164                        to   = t + 1;
1165                }
1166        }
1167
1168        get_unpriv_disabled();
1169        if (unpriv && unpriv_disabled) {
1170                printf("Cannot run as unprivileged user with sysctl %s.\n",
1171                       UNPRIV_SYSCTL);
1172                return EXIT_FAILURE;
1173        }
1174
1175        bpf_semi_rand_init();
1176        return do_test(unpriv, from, to);
1177}
1178