/*
 *  linux/drivers/char/mem.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *
 *  Added devfs support. 
 *    Jan-11-1998, C. Scott Ananian <cananian@alumni.princeton.edu>
 *  Shared /dev/zero mmaping support, Feb 2000, Kanoj Sarcar <kanoj@sgi.com>
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/raw.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/crash_dump.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/splice.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_IA64
# include <linux/efi.h>
#endif

/*
 * Architectures vary in how they handle caching for addresses
 * outside of main memory.
 *
 */
static inline int uncached_access(struct file *file, unsigned long addr)
{
#if defined(__i386__) && !defined(__arch_um__)
        /*
         * On the PPro and successors, the MTRRs are used to set
         * memory types for physical addresses outside main memory,
         * so blindly setting PCD or PWT on those pages is wrong.
         * For Pentiums and earlier, the surround logic should disable
         * caching for the high addresses through the KEN pin, but
         * we maintain the tradition of paranoia in this code.
         */
        if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
                return 1;
        return !( test_bit(X86_FEATURE_MTRR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) ||
                  test_bit(X86_FEATURE_K6_MTRR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) ||
                  test_bit(X86_FEATURE_CYRIX_ARR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) ||
                  test_bit(X86_FEATURE_CENTAUR_MCR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) )
          && addr >= __pa(high_memory);
#elif defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__arch_um__)
        /* 
         * This is broken because it can generate memory type aliases,
         * which can cause cache corruptions
         * But it is only available for root and we have to be bug-to-bug
         * compatible with i386.
         */
        if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
                return 1;
        /* same behaviour as i386. PAT always set to cached and MTRRs control the
           caching behaviour. 
           Hopefully a full PAT implementation will fix that soon. */      
        return 0;
#elif defined(CONFIG_IA64)
        /*
         * On ia64, we ignore O_SYNC because we cannot tolerate memory attribute aliases.
         */
        return !(efi_mem_attributes(addr) & EFI_MEMORY_WB);
#elif defined(CONFIG_MIPS)
        {
                extern int __uncached_access(struct file *file,
                                             unsigned long addr);

                return __uncached_access(file, addr);
        }
#else
        /*
         * Accessing memory above the top the kernel knows about or through a file pointer
         * that was marked O_SYNC will be done non-cached.
         */
        if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
                return 1;
        return addr >= __pa(high_memory);
#endif
}

#ifndef ARCH_HAS_VALID_PHYS_ADDR_RANGE
static inline int valid_phys_addr_range(unsigned long addr, size_t count)
{
        if (addr + count > __pa(high_memory))
                return 0;

        return 1;
}

static inline int valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(unsigned long pfn, size_t size)
{
        return 1;
}
#endif

/*
 * This funcion reads the *physical* memory. The f_pos points directly to the 
 * memory location. 
 */
static ssize_t read_mem(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
                        size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        unsigned long p = *ppos;
        ssize_t read, sz;
        char *ptr;

        if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
                return -EFAULT;
        read = 0;
#ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
        /* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
        if (p < PAGE_SIZE) {
                sz = PAGE_SIZE - p;
                if (sz > count) 
                        sz = count; 
                if (sz > 0) {
                        if (clear_user(buf, sz))
                                return -EFAULT;
                        buf += sz; 
                        p += sz; 
                        count -= sz; 
                        read += sz; 
                }
        }
#endif

        while (count > 0) {
                /*
                 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
                 */
                if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
                        sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
                else
                        sz = PAGE_SIZE;

                sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);

                /*
                 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
                 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
                 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
                 */
                ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p);

                if (copy_to_user(buf, ptr, sz))
                        return -EFAULT;
                buf += sz;
                p += sz;
                count -= sz;
                read += sz;
        }

        *ppos += read;
        return read;
}

static ssize_t write_mem(struct file * file, const char __user * buf, 
                         size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        unsigned long p = *ppos;
        ssize_t written, sz;
        unsigned long copied;
        void *ptr;

        if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
                return -EFAULT;

        written = 0;

#ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
        /* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
        if (p < PAGE_SIZE) {
                unsigned long sz = PAGE_SIZE - p;
                if (sz > count)
                        sz = count;
                /* Hmm. Do something? */
                buf += sz;
                p += sz;
                count -= sz;
                written += sz;
        }
#endif

        while (count > 0) {
                /*
                 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
                 */
                if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
                        sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
                else
                        sz = PAGE_SIZE;

                sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);

                /*
                 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
                 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
                 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
                 */
                ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p);

                copied = copy_from_user(ptr, buf, sz);
                if (copied) {
                        written += sz - copied;
                        if (written)
                                break;
                        return -EFAULT;
                }
                buf += sz;
                p += sz;
                count -= sz;
                written += sz;
        }

        *ppos += written;
        return written;
}

#ifndef __HAVE_PHYS_MEM_ACCESS_PROT
static pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
                                     unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
{
#ifdef pgprot_noncached
        unsigned long offset = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;

        if (uncached_access(file, offset))
                return pgprot_noncached(vma_prot);
#endif
        return vma_prot;
}
#endif

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
static unsigned long get_unmapped_area_mem(struct file *file,
                                           unsigned long addr,
                                           unsigned long len,
                                           unsigned long pgoff,
                                           unsigned long flags)
{
        if (!valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(pgoff, len))
                return (unsigned long) -EINVAL;
        return pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
}

/* can't do an in-place private mapping if there's no MMU */
static inline int private_mapping_ok(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        return vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE;
}
#else
#define get_unmapped_area_mem   NULL

static inline int private_mapping_ok(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        return 1;
}
#endif

static int mmap_mem(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
{
        size_t size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;

        if (!valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(vma->vm_pgoff, size))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!private_mapping_ok(vma))
                return -ENOSYS;

        vma->vm_page_prot = phys_mem_access_prot(file, vma->vm_pgoff,
                                                 size,
                                                 vma->vm_page_prot);

        /* Remap-pfn-range will mark the range VM_IO and VM_RESERVED */
        if (remap_pfn_range(vma,
                            vma->vm_start,
                            vma->vm_pgoff,
                            size,
                            vma->vm_page_prot))
                return -EAGAIN;
        return 0;
}

static int mmap_kmem(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
{
        unsigned long pfn;

        /* Turn a kernel-virtual address into a physical page frame */
        pfn = __pa((u64)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

        /*
         * RED-PEN: on some architectures there is more mapped memory
         * than available in mem_map which pfn_valid checks
         * for. Perhaps should add a new macro here.
         *
         * RED-PEN: vmalloc is not supported right now.
         */
        if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
                return -EIO;

        vma->vm_pgoff = pfn;
        return mmap_mem(file, vma);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
/*
 * Read memory corresponding to the old kernel.
 */
static ssize_t read_oldmem(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
                                size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        unsigned long pfn, offset;
        size_t read = 0, csize;
        int rc = 0;

        while (count) {
                pfn = *ppos / PAGE_SIZE;
                if (pfn > saved_max_pfn)
                        return read;

                offset = (unsigned long)(*ppos % PAGE_SIZE);
                if (count > PAGE_SIZE - offset)
                        csize = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
                else
                        csize = count;

                rc = copy_oldmem_page(pfn, buf, csize, offset, 1);
                if (rc < 0)
                        return rc;
                buf += csize;
                *ppos += csize;
                read += csize;
                count -= csize;
        }
        return read;
}
#endif

extern long vread(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count);
extern long vwrite(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count);

/*
 * This function reads the *virtual* memory as seen by the kernel.
 */
static ssize_t read_kmem(struct file *file, char __user *buf, 
                         size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        unsigned long p = *ppos;
        ssize_t low_count, read, sz;
        char * kbuf; /* k-addr because vread() takes vmlist_lock rwlock */

        read = 0;
        if (p < (unsigned long) high_memory) {
                low_count = count;
                if (count > (unsigned long) high_memory - p)
                        low_count = (unsigned long) high_memory - p;

#ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
                /* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
                if (p < PAGE_SIZE && low_count > 0) {
                        size_t tmp = PAGE_SIZE - p;
                        if (tmp > low_count) tmp = low_count;
                        if (clear_user(buf, tmp))
                                return -EFAULT;
                        buf += tmp;
                        p += tmp;
                        read += tmp;
                        low_count -= tmp;
                        count -= tmp;
                }
#endif
                while (low_count > 0) {
                        /*
                         * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
                         */
                        if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
                                sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
                        else
                                sz = PAGE_SIZE;

                        sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, low_count);

                        /*
                         * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
                         * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
                         * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
                         */
                        kbuf = xlate_dev_kmem_ptr((char *)p);

                        if (copy_to_user(buf, kbuf, sz))
                                return -EFAULT;
                        buf += sz;
                        p += sz;
                        read += sz;
                        low_count -= sz;
                        count -= sz;
                }
        }

        if (count > 0) {
                kbuf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!kbuf)
                        return -ENOMEM;
                while (count > 0) {
                        int len = count;

                        if (len > PAGE_SIZE)
                                len = PAGE_SIZE;
                        len = vread(kbuf, (char *)p, len);
                        if (!len)
                                break;
                        if (copy_to_user(buf, kbuf, len)) {
                                free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
                                return -EFAULT;
                        }
                        count -= len;
                        buf += len;
                        read += len;
                        p += len;
                }
                free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
        }
        *ppos = p;
        return read;
}


static inline ssize_t
do_write_kmem(void *p, unsigned long realp, const char __user * buf,
              size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        ssize_t written, sz;
        unsigned long copied;

        written = 0;
#ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
        /* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
        if (realp < PAGE_SIZE) {
                unsigned long sz = PAGE_SIZE - realp;
                if (sz > count)
                        sz = count;
                /* Hmm. Do something? */
                buf += sz;
                p += sz;
                realp += sz;
                count -= sz;
                written += sz;
        }
#endif

        while (count > 0) {
                char *ptr;
                /*
                 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
                 */
                if (-realp & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
                        sz = -realp & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
                else
                        sz = PAGE_SIZE;

                sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);

                /*
                 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
                 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
                 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
                 */
                ptr = xlate_dev_kmem_ptr(p);

                copied = copy_from_user(ptr, buf, sz);
                if (copied) {
                        written += sz - copied;
                        if (written)
                                break;
                        return -EFAULT;
                }
                buf += sz;
                p += sz;
                realp += sz;
                count -= sz;
                written += sz;
        }

        *ppos += written;
        return written;
}


/*
 * This function writes to the *virtual* memory as seen by the kernel.
 */
static ssize_t write_kmem(struct file * file, const char __user * buf, 
                          size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        unsigned long p = *ppos;
        ssize_t wrote = 0;
        ssize_t virtr = 0;
        ssize_t written;
        char * kbuf; /* k-addr because vwrite() takes vmlist_lock rwlock */

        if (p < (unsigned long) high_memory) {

                wrote = count;
                if (count > (unsigned long) high_memory - p)
                        wrote = (unsigned long) high_memory - p;

                written = do_write_kmem((void*)p, p, buf, wrote, ppos);
                if (written != wrote)
                        return written;
                wrote = written;
                p += wrote;
                buf += wrote;
                count -= wrote;
        }

        if (count > 0) {
                kbuf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!kbuf)
                        return wrote ? wrote : -ENOMEM;
                while (count > 0) {
                        int len = count;

                        if (len > PAGE_SIZE)
                                len = PAGE_SIZE;
                        if (len) {
                                written = copy_from_user(kbuf, buf, len);
                                if (written) {
                                        if (wrote + virtr)
                                                break;
                                        free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
                                        return -EFAULT;
                                }
                        }
                        len = vwrite(kbuf, (char *)p, len);
                        count -= len;
                        buf += len;
                        virtr += len;
                        p += len;
                }
                free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
        }

        *ppos = p;
        return virtr + wrote;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
static ssize_t read_port(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
                         size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        unsigned long i = *ppos;
        char __user *tmp = buf;

        if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, count))
                return -EFAULT; 
        while (count-- > 0 && i < 65536) {
                if (__put_user(inb(i),tmp) < 0) 
                        return -EFAULT;  
                i++;
                tmp++;
        }
        *ppos = i;
        return tmp-buf;
}

static ssize_t write_port(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
                          size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        unsigned long i = *ppos;
        const char __user * tmp = buf;

        if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ,buf,count))
                return -EFAULT;
        while (count-- > 0 && i < 65536) {
                char c;
                if (__get_user(c, tmp)) {
                        if (tmp > buf)
                                break;
                        return -EFAULT; 
                }
                outb(c,i);
                i++;
                tmp++;
        }
        *ppos = i;
        return tmp-buf;
}
#endif

static ssize_t read_null(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
                         size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        return 0;
}

static ssize_t write_null(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
                          size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        return count;
}

static int pipe_to_null(struct pipe_inode_info *info, struct pipe_buffer *buf,
                        struct splice_desc *sd)
{
        return sd->len;
}

static ssize_t splice_write_null(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,struct file *out,
                                 loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
{
        return splice_from_pipe(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags, pipe_to_null);
}

static ssize_t read_zero(struct file * file, char __user * buf, 
                         size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        size_t written;

        if (!count)
                return 0;

        if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, count))
                return -EFAULT;

        written = 0;
        while (count) {
                unsigned long unwritten;
                size_t chunk = count;

                if (chunk > PAGE_SIZE)
                        chunk = PAGE_SIZE;      /* Just for latency reasons */
                unwritten = clear_user(buf, chunk);
                written += chunk - unwritten;
                if (unwritten)
                        break;
                buf += chunk;
                count -= chunk;
                cond_resched();
        }
        return written ? written : -EFAULT;
}

static int mmap_zero(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
        return -ENOSYS;
#endif
        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
                return shmem_zero_setup(vma);
        return 0;
}

static ssize_t write_full(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
                          size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        return -ENOSPC;
}

/*
 * Special lseek() function for /dev/null and /dev/zero.  Most notably, you
 * can fopen() both devices with "a" now.  This was previously impossible.
 * -- SRB.
 */

static loff_t null_lseek(struct file * file, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
        return file->f_pos = 0;
}

/*
 * The memory devices use the full 32/64 bits of the offset, and so we cannot
 * check against negative addresses: they are ok. The return value is weird,
 * though, in that case (0).
 *
 * also note that seeking relative to the "end of file" isn't supported:
 * it has no meaning, so it returns -EINVAL.
 */
static loff_t memory_lseek(struct file * file, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
        loff_t ret;

        mutex_lock(&file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
        switch (orig) {
                case 0:
                        file->f_pos = offset;
                        ret = file->f_pos;
                        force_successful_syscall_return();
                        break;
                case 1:
                        file->f_pos += offset;
                        ret = file->f_pos;
                        force_successful_syscall_return();
                        break;
                default:
                        ret = -EINVAL;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
        return ret;
}

static int open_port(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
        return capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) ? 0 : -EPERM;
}

#define zero_lseek      null_lseek
#define full_lseek      null_lseek
#define write_zero      write_null
#define read_full       read_zero
#define open_mem        open_port
#define open_kmem       open_mem
#define open_oldmem     open_mem

static const struct file_operations mem_fops = {
        .llseek         = memory_lseek,
        .read           = read_mem,
        .write          = write_mem,
        .mmap           = mmap_mem,
        .open           = open_mem,
        .get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
};

static const struct file_operations kmem_fops = {
        .llseek         = memory_lseek,
        .read           = read_kmem,
        .write          = write_kmem,
        .mmap           = mmap_kmem,
        .open           = open_kmem,
        .get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
};

static const struct file_operations null_fops = {
        .llseek         = null_lseek,
        .read           = read_null,
        .write          = write_null,
        .splice_write   = splice_write_null,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
static const struct file_operations port_fops = {
        .llseek         = memory_lseek,
        .read           = read_port,
        .write          = write_port,
        .open           = open_port,
};
#endif

static const struct file_operations zero_fops = {
        .llseek         = zero_lseek,
        .read           = read_zero,
        .write          = write_zero,
        .mmap           = mmap_zero,
};

/*
 * capabilities for /dev/zero
 * - permits private mappings, "copies" are taken of the source of zeros
 */
static struct backing_dev_info zero_bdi = {
        .capabilities   = BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY,
};

static const struct file_operations full_fops = {
        .llseek         = full_lseek,
        .read           = read_full,
        .write          = write_full,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
static const struct file_operations oldmem_fops = {
        .read   = read_oldmem,
        .open   = open_oldmem,
};
#endif

static ssize_t kmsg_write(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
                          size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        char *tmp;
        ssize_t ret;

        tmp = kmalloc(count + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (tmp == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        ret = -EFAULT;
        if (!copy_from_user(tmp, buf, count)) {
                tmp[count] = 0;
                ret = printk("%s", tmp);
                if (ret > count)
                        /* printk can add a prefix */
                        ret = count;
        }
        kfree(tmp);
        return ret;
}

static const struct file_operations kmsg_fops = {
        .write =        kmsg_write,
};

static int memory_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
        switch (iminor(inode)) {
                case 1:
                        filp->f_op = &mem_fops;
                        filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info =
                                &directly_mappable_cdev_bdi;
                        break;
                case 2:
                        filp->f_op = &kmem_fops;
                        filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info =
                                &directly_mappable_cdev_bdi;
                        break;
                case 3:
                        filp->f_op = &null_fops;
                        break;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
                case 4:
                        filp->f_op = &port_fops;
                        break;
#endif
                case 5:
                        filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info = &zero_bdi;
                        filp->f_op = &zero_fops;
                        break;
                case 7:
                        filp->f_op = &full_fops;
                        break;
                case 8:
                        filp->f_op = &random_fops;
                        break;
                case 9:
                        filp->f_op = &urandom_fops;
                        break;
                case 11:
                        filp->f_op = &kmsg_fops;
                        break;
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
                case 12:
                        filp->f_op = &oldmem_fops;
                        break;
#endif
                default:
                        return -ENXIO;
        }
        if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->open)
                return filp->f_op->open(inode,filp);
        return 0;
}

static const struct file_operations memory_fops = {
        .open           = memory_open,  /* just a selector for the real open */
};

static const struct {
        unsigned int            minor;
        char                    *name;
        umode_t                 mode;
        const struct file_operations    *fops;
} devlist[] = { /* list of minor devices */
        {1, "mem",     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &mem_fops},
        {2, "kmem",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &kmem_fops},
        {3, "null",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &null_fops},
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
        {4, "port",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &port_fops},
#endif
        {5, "zero",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &zero_fops},
        {7, "full",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &full_fops},
        {8, "random",  S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &random_fops},
        {9, "urandom", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &urandom_fops},
        {11,"kmsg",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &kmsg_fops},
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
        {12,"oldmem",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &oldmem_fops},
#endif
};

static struct class *mem_class;

static int __init chr_dev_init(void)
{
        int i;
        int err;

        err = bdi_init(&zero_bdi);
        if (err)
                return err;

        if (register_chrdev(MEM_MAJOR,"mem",&memory_fops))
                printk("unable to get major %d for memory devs\n", MEM_MAJOR);

        mem_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "mem");
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(devlist); i++)
                device_create(mem_class, NULL,
                              MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR, devlist[i].minor),
                              devlist[i].name);

        return 0;
}

fs_initcall(chr_dev_init);