/*
 * TCP Vegas congestion control
 *
 * This is based on the congestion detection/avoidance scheme described in
 *    Lawrence S. Brakmo and Larry L. Peterson.
 *    "TCP Vegas: End to end congestion avoidance on a global internet."
 *    IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 13(8):1465--1480,
 *    October 1995. Available from:
 *      ftp://ftp.cs.arizona.edu/xkernel/Papers/jsac.ps
 *
 * See http://www.cs.arizona.edu/xkernel/ for their implementation.
 * The main aspects that distinguish this implementation from the
 * Arizona Vegas implementation are:
 *   o We do not change the loss detection or recovery mechanisms of
 *     Linux in any way. Linux already recovers from losses quite well,
 *     using fine-grained timers, NewReno, and FACK.
 *   o To avoid the performance penalty imposed by increasing cwnd
 *     only every-other RTT during slow start, we increase during
 *     every RTT during slow start, just like Reno.
 *   o Largely to allow continuous cwnd growth during slow start,
 *     we use the rate at which ACKs come back as the "actual"
 *     rate, rather than the rate at which data is sent.
 *   o To speed convergence to the right rate, we set the cwnd
 *     to achieve the right ("actual") rate when we exit slow start.
 *   o To filter out the noise caused by delayed ACKs, we use the
 *     minimum RTT sample observed during the last RTT to calculate
 *     the actual rate.
 *   o When the sender re-starts from idle, it waits until it has
 *     received ACKs for an entire flight of new data before making
 *     a cwnd adjustment decision. The original Vegas implementation
 *     assumed senders never went idle.
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/inet_diag.h>

#include <net/tcp.h>

#include "tcp_vegas.h"

/* Default values of the Vegas variables, in fixed-point representation
 * with V_PARAM_SHIFT bits to the right of the binary point.
 */
#define V_PARAM_SHIFT 1
static int alpha = 2<<V_PARAM_SHIFT;
static int beta  = 4<<V_PARAM_SHIFT;
static int gamma = 1<<V_PARAM_SHIFT;

module_param(alpha, int, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(alpha, "lower bound of packets in network (scale by 2)");
module_param(beta, int, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(beta, "upper bound of packets in network (scale by 2)");
module_param(gamma, int, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(gamma, "limit on increase (scale by 2)");


/* There are several situations when we must "re-start" Vegas:
 *
 *  o when a connection is established
 *  o after an RTO
 *  o after fast recovery
 *  o when we send a packet and there is no outstanding
 *    unacknowledged data (restarting an idle connection)
 *
 * In these circumstances we cannot do a Vegas calculation at the
 * end of the first RTT, because any calculation we do is using
 * stale info -- both the saved cwnd and congestion feedback are
 * stale.
 *
 * Instead we must wait until the completion of an RTT during
 * which we actually receive ACKs.
 */
static void vegas_enable(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct vegas *vegas = inet_csk_ca(sk);

        /* Begin taking Vegas samples next time we send something. */
        vegas->doing_vegas_now = 1;

        /* Set the beginning of the next send window. */
        vegas->beg_snd_nxt = tp->snd_nxt;

        vegas->cntRTT = 0;
        vegas->minRTT = 0x7fffffff;
}

/* Stop taking Vegas samples for now. */
static inline void vegas_disable(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct vegas *vegas = inet_csk_ca(sk);

        vegas->doing_vegas_now = 0;
}

void tcp_vegas_init(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct vegas *vegas = inet_csk_ca(sk);

        vegas->baseRTT = 0x7fffffff;
        vegas_enable(sk);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_vegas_init);

/* Do RTT sampling needed for Vegas.
 * Basically we:
 *   o min-filter RTT samples from within an RTT to get the current
 *     propagation delay + queuing delay (we are min-filtering to try to
 *     avoid the effects of delayed ACKs)
 *   o min-filter RTT samples from a much longer window (forever for now)
 *     to find the propagation delay (baseRTT)
 */
void tcp_vegas_pkts_acked(struct sock *sk, u32 cnt, s32 rtt_us)
{
        struct vegas *vegas = inet_csk_ca(sk);
        u32 vrtt;

        if (rtt_us < 0)
                return;

        /* Never allow zero rtt or baseRTT */
        vrtt = rtt_us + 1;

        /* Filter to find propagation delay: */
        if (vrtt < vegas->baseRTT)
                vegas->baseRTT = vrtt;

        /* Find the min RTT during the last RTT to find
         * the current prop. delay + queuing delay:
         */
        vegas->minRTT = min(vegas->minRTT, vrtt);
        vegas->cntRTT++;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_vegas_pkts_acked);

void tcp_vegas_state(struct sock *sk, u8 ca_state)
{

        if (ca_state == TCP_CA_Open)
                vegas_enable(sk);
        else
                vegas_disable(sk);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_vegas_state);

/*
 * If the connection is idle and we are restarting,
 * then we don't want to do any Vegas calculations
 * until we get fresh RTT samples.  So when we
 * restart, we reset our Vegas state to a clean
 * slate. After we get acks for this flight of
 * packets, _then_ we can make Vegas calculations
 * again.
 */
void tcp_vegas_cwnd_event(struct sock *sk, enum tcp_ca_event event)
{
        if (event == CA_EVENT_CWND_RESTART ||
            event == CA_EVENT_TX_START)
                tcp_vegas_init(sk);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_vegas_cwnd_event);

static void tcp_vegas_cong_avoid(struct sock *sk, u32 ack,
                                 u32 in_flight, int flag)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct vegas *vegas = inet_csk_ca(sk);

        if (!vegas->doing_vegas_now)
                return tcp_reno_cong_avoid(sk, ack, in_flight, flag);

        /* The key players are v_beg_snd_una and v_beg_snd_nxt.
         *
         * These are so named because they represent the approximate values
         * of snd_una and snd_nxt at the beginning of the current RTT. More
         * precisely, they represent the amount of data sent during the RTT.
         * At the end of the RTT, when we receive an ACK for v_beg_snd_nxt,
         * we will calculate that (v_beg_snd_nxt - v_beg_snd_una) outstanding
         * bytes of data have been ACKed during the course of the RTT, giving
         * an "actual" rate of:
         *
         *     (v_beg_snd_nxt - v_beg_snd_una) / (rtt duration)
         *
         * Unfortunately, v_beg_snd_una is not exactly equal to snd_una,
         * because delayed ACKs can cover more than one segment, so they
         * don't line up nicely with the boundaries of RTTs.
         *
         * Another unfortunate fact of life is that delayed ACKs delay the
         * advance of the left edge of our send window, so that the number
         * of bytes we send in an RTT is often less than our cwnd will allow.
         * So we keep track of our cwnd separately, in v_beg_snd_cwnd.
         */

        if (after(ack, vegas->beg_snd_nxt)) {
                /* Do the Vegas once-per-RTT cwnd adjustment. */
                u32 old_wnd, old_snd_cwnd;


                /* Here old_wnd is essentially the window of data that was
                 * sent during the previous RTT, and has all
                 * been acknowledged in the course of the RTT that ended
                 * with the ACK we just received. Likewise, old_snd_cwnd
                 * is the cwnd during the previous RTT.
                 */
                old_wnd = (vegas->beg_snd_nxt - vegas->beg_snd_una) /
                        tp->mss_cache;
                old_snd_cwnd = vegas->beg_snd_cwnd;

                /* Save the extent of the current window so we can use this
                 * at the end of the next RTT.
                 */
                vegas->beg_snd_una  = vegas->beg_snd_nxt;
                vegas->beg_snd_nxt  = tp->snd_nxt;
                vegas->beg_snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd;

                /* We do the Vegas calculations only if we got enough RTT
                 * samples that we can be reasonably sure that we got
                 * at least one RTT sample that wasn't from a delayed ACK.
                 * If we only had 2 samples total,
                 * then that means we're getting only 1 ACK per RTT, which
                 * means they're almost certainly delayed ACKs.
                 * If  we have 3 samples, we should be OK.
                 */

                if (vegas->cntRTT <= 2) {
                        /* We don't have enough RTT samples to do the Vegas
                         * calculation, so we'll behave like Reno.
                         */
                        tcp_reno_cong_avoid(sk, ack, in_flight, flag);
                } else {
                        u32 rtt, target_cwnd, diff;

                        /* We have enough RTT samples, so, using the Vegas
                         * algorithm, we determine if we should increase or
                         * decrease cwnd, and by how much.
                         */

                        /* Pluck out the RTT we are using for the Vegas
                         * calculations. This is the min RTT seen during the
                         * last RTT. Taking the min filters out the effects
                         * of delayed ACKs, at the cost of noticing congestion
                         * a bit later.
                         */
                        rtt = vegas->minRTT;

                        /* Calculate the cwnd we should have, if we weren't
                         * going too fast.
                         *
                         * This is:
                         *     (actual rate in segments) * baseRTT
                         * We keep it as a fixed point number with
                         * V_PARAM_SHIFT bits to the right of the binary point.
                         */
                        target_cwnd = ((old_wnd * vegas->baseRTT)
                                       << V_PARAM_SHIFT) / rtt;

                        /* Calculate the difference between the window we had,
                         * and the window we would like to have. This quantity
                         * is the "Diff" from the Arizona Vegas papers.
                         *
                         * Again, this is a fixed point number with
                         * V_PARAM_SHIFT bits to the right of the binary
                         * point.
                         */
                        diff = (old_wnd << V_PARAM_SHIFT) - target_cwnd;

                        if (diff > gamma && tp->snd_ssthresh > 2 ) {
                                /* Going too fast. Time to slow down
                                 * and switch to congestion avoidance.
                                 */
                                tp->snd_ssthresh = 2;

                                /* Set cwnd to match the actual rate
                                 * exactly:
                                 *   cwnd = (actual rate) * baseRTT
                                 * Then we add 1 because the integer
                                 * truncation robs us of full link
                                 * utilization.
                                 */
                                tp->snd_cwnd = min(tp->snd_cwnd,
                                                   (target_cwnd >>
                                                    V_PARAM_SHIFT)+1);

                        } else if (tp->snd_cwnd <= tp->snd_ssthresh) {
                                /* Slow start.  */
                                tcp_slow_start(tp);
                        } else {
                                /* Congestion avoidance. */
                                u32 next_snd_cwnd;

                                /* Figure out where we would like cwnd
                                 * to be.
                                 */
                                if (diff > beta) {
                                        /* The old window was too fast, so
                                         * we slow down.
                                         */
                                        next_snd_cwnd = old_snd_cwnd - 1;
                                } else if (diff < alpha) {
                                        /* We don't have enough extra packets
                                         * in the network, so speed up.
                                         */
                                        next_snd_cwnd = old_snd_cwnd + 1;
                                } else {
                                        /* Sending just as fast as we
                                         * should be.
                                         */
                                        next_snd_cwnd = old_snd_cwnd;
                                }

                                /* Adjust cwnd upward or downward, toward the
                                 * desired value.
                                 */
                                if (next_snd_cwnd > tp->snd_cwnd)
                                        tp->snd_cwnd++;
                                else if (next_snd_cwnd < tp->snd_cwnd)
                                        tp->snd_cwnd--;
                        }

                        if (tp->snd_cwnd < 2)
                                tp->snd_cwnd = 2;
                        else if (tp->snd_cwnd > tp->snd_cwnd_clamp)
                                tp->snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd_clamp;
                }

                /* Wipe the slate clean for the next RTT. */
                vegas->cntRTT = 0;
                vegas->minRTT = 0x7fffffff;
        }
        /* Use normal slow start */
        else if (tp->snd_cwnd <= tp->snd_ssthresh)
                tcp_slow_start(tp);

}

/* Extract info for Tcp socket info provided via netlink. */
void tcp_vegas_get_info(struct sock *sk, u32 ext, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        const struct vegas *ca = inet_csk_ca(sk);
        if (ext & (1 << (INET_DIAG_VEGASINFO - 1))) {
                struct tcpvegas_info info = {
                        .tcpv_enabled = ca->doing_vegas_now,
                        .tcpv_rttcnt = ca->cntRTT,
                        .tcpv_rtt = ca->baseRTT,
                        .tcpv_minrtt = ca->minRTT,
                };

                nla_put(skb, INET_DIAG_VEGASINFO, sizeof(info), &info);
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_vegas_get_info);

static struct tcp_congestion_ops tcp_vegas = {
        .flags          = TCP_CONG_RTT_STAMP,
        .init           = tcp_vegas_init,
        .ssthresh       = tcp_reno_ssthresh,
        .cong_avoid     = tcp_vegas_cong_avoid,
        .min_cwnd       = tcp_reno_min_cwnd,
        .pkts_acked     = tcp_vegas_pkts_acked,
        .set_state      = tcp_vegas_state,
        .cwnd_event     = tcp_vegas_cwnd_event,
        .get_info       = tcp_vegas_get_info,

        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .name           = "vegas",
};

static int __init tcp_vegas_register(void)
{
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct vegas) > ICSK_CA_PRIV_SIZE);
        tcp_register_congestion_control(&tcp_vegas);
        return 0;
}

static void __exit tcp_vegas_unregister(void)
{
        tcp_unregister_congestion_control(&tcp_vegas);
}

module_init(tcp_vegas_register);
module_exit(tcp_vegas_unregister);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Stephen Hemminger");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("TCP Vegas");