/*
 * Debug Store support
 *
 * This provides a low-level interface to the hardware's Debug Store
 * feature that is used for branch trace store (BTS) and
 * precise-event based sampling (PEBS).
 *
 * It manages:
 * - DS and BTS hardware configuration
 * - buffer overflow handling (to be done)
 * - buffer access
 *
 * It does not do:
 * - security checking (is the caller allowed to trace the task)
 * - buffer allocation (memory accounting)
 *
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Intel Corporation.
 * Markus Metzger <markus.t.metzger@intel.com>, 2007-2009
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/trace_clock.h>

#include <asm/ds.h>

#include "ds_selftest.h"

/*
 * The configuration for a particular DS hardware implementation:
 */
struct ds_configuration {
        /* The name of the configuration: */
        const char              *name;

        /* The size of pointer-typed fields in DS, BTS, and PEBS: */
        unsigned char           sizeof_ptr_field;

        /* The size of a BTS/PEBS record in bytes: */
        unsigned char           sizeof_rec[2];

        /* The number of pebs counter reset values in the DS structure. */
        unsigned char           nr_counter_reset;

        /* Control bit-masks indexed by enum ds_feature: */
        unsigned long           ctl[dsf_ctl_max];
};
static struct ds_configuration ds_cfg __read_mostly;


/* Maximal size of a DS configuration: */
#define MAX_SIZEOF_DS           0x80

/* Maximal size of a BTS record: */
#define MAX_SIZEOF_BTS          (3 * 8)

/* BTS and PEBS buffer alignment: */
#define DS_ALIGNMENT            (1 << 3)

/* Number of buffer pointers in DS: */
#define NUM_DS_PTR_FIELDS       8

/* Size of a pebs reset value in DS: */
#define PEBS_RESET_FIELD_SIZE   8

/* Mask of control bits in the DS MSR register: */
#define BTS_CONTROL                               \
        ( ds_cfg.ctl[dsf_bts]                   | \
          ds_cfg.ctl[dsf_bts_kernel]            | \
          ds_cfg.ctl[dsf_bts_user]              | \
          ds_cfg.ctl[dsf_bts_overflow] )

/*
 * A BTS or PEBS tracer.
 *
 * This holds the configuration of the tracer and serves as a handle
 * to identify tracers.
 */
struct ds_tracer {
        /* The DS context (partially) owned by this tracer. */
        struct ds_context       *context;
        /* The buffer provided on ds_request() and its size in bytes. */
        void                    *buffer;
        size_t                  size;
};

struct bts_tracer {
        /* The common DS part: */
        struct ds_tracer        ds;

        /* The trace including the DS configuration: */
        struct bts_trace        trace;

        /* Buffer overflow notification function: */
        bts_ovfl_callback_t     ovfl;

        /* Active flags affecting trace collection. */
        unsigned int            flags;
};

struct pebs_tracer {
        /* The common DS part: */
        struct ds_tracer        ds;

        /* The trace including the DS configuration: */
        struct pebs_trace       trace;

        /* Buffer overflow notification function: */
        pebs_ovfl_callback_t    ovfl;
};

/*
 * Debug Store (DS) save area configuration (see Intel64 and IA32
 * Architectures Software Developer's Manual, section 18.5)
 *
 * The DS configuration consists of the following fields; different
 * architetures vary in the size of those fields.
 *
 * - double-word aligned base linear address of the BTS buffer
 * - write pointer into the BTS buffer
 * - end linear address of the BTS buffer (one byte beyond the end of
 *   the buffer)
 * - interrupt pointer into BTS buffer
 *   (interrupt occurs when write pointer passes interrupt pointer)
 * - double-word aligned base linear address of the PEBS buffer
 * - write pointer into the PEBS buffer
 * - end linear address of the PEBS buffer (one byte beyond the end of
 *   the buffer)
 * - interrupt pointer into PEBS buffer
 *   (interrupt occurs when write pointer passes interrupt pointer)
 * - value to which counter is reset following counter overflow
 *
 * Later architectures use 64bit pointers throughout, whereas earlier
 * architectures use 32bit pointers in 32bit mode.
 *
 *
 * We compute the base address for the first 8 fields based on:
 * - the field size stored in the DS configuration
 * - the relative field position
 * - an offset giving the start of the respective region
 *
 * This offset is further used to index various arrays holding
 * information for BTS and PEBS at the respective index.
 *
 * On later 32bit processors, we only access the lower 32bit of the
 * 64bit pointer fields. The upper halves will be zeroed out.
 */

enum ds_field {
        ds_buffer_base = 0,
        ds_index,
        ds_absolute_maximum,
        ds_interrupt_threshold,
};

enum ds_qualifier {
        ds_bts = 0,
        ds_pebs
};

static inline unsigned long
ds_get(const unsigned char *base, enum ds_qualifier qual, enum ds_field field)
{
        base += (ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field * (field + (4 * qual)));
        return *(unsigned long *)base;
}

static inline void
ds_set(unsigned char *base, enum ds_qualifier qual, enum ds_field field,
       unsigned long value)
{
        base += (ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field * (field + (4 * qual)));
        (*(unsigned long *)base) = value;
}


/*
 * Locking is done only for allocating BTS or PEBS resources.
 */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ds_lock);

/*
 * We either support (system-wide) per-cpu or per-thread allocation.
 * We distinguish the two based on the task_struct pointer, where a
 * NULL pointer indicates per-cpu allocation for the current cpu.
 *
 * Allocations are use-counted. As soon as resources are allocated,
 * further allocations must be of the same type (per-cpu or
 * per-thread). We model this by counting allocations (i.e. the number
 * of tracers of a certain type) for one type negatively:
 *   =0  no tracers
 *   >0  number of per-thread tracers
 *   <0  number of per-cpu tracers
 *
 * Tracers essentially gives the number of ds contexts for a certain
 * type of allocation.
 */
static atomic_t tracers = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

static inline int get_tracer(struct task_struct *task)
{
        int error;

        spin_lock_irq(&ds_lock);

        if (task) {
                error = -EPERM;
                if (atomic_read(&tracers) < 0)
                        goto out;
                atomic_inc(&tracers);
        } else {
                error = -EPERM;
                if (atomic_read(&tracers) > 0)
                        goto out;
                atomic_dec(&tracers);
        }

        error = 0;
out:
        spin_unlock_irq(&ds_lock);
        return error;
}

static inline void put_tracer(struct task_struct *task)
{
        if (task)
                atomic_dec(&tracers);
        else
                atomic_inc(&tracers);
}

/*
 * The DS context is either attached to a thread or to a cpu:
 * - in the former case, the thread_struct contains a pointer to the
 *   attached context.
 * - in the latter case, we use a static array of per-cpu context
 *   pointers.
 *
 * Contexts are use-counted. They are allocated on first access and
 * deallocated when the last user puts the context.
 */
struct ds_context {
        /* The DS configuration; goes into MSR_IA32_DS_AREA: */
        unsigned char           ds[MAX_SIZEOF_DS];

        /* The owner of the BTS and PEBS configuration, respectively: */
        struct bts_tracer       *bts_master;
        struct pebs_tracer      *pebs_master;

        /* Use count: */
        unsigned long           count;

        /* Pointer to the context pointer field: */
        struct ds_context       **this;

        /* The traced task; NULL for cpu tracing: */
        struct task_struct      *task;

        /* The traced cpu; only valid if task is NULL: */
        int                     cpu;
};

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct ds_context *, cpu_context);


static struct ds_context *ds_get_context(struct task_struct *task, int cpu)
{
        struct ds_context **p_context =
                (task ? &task->thread.ds_ctx : &per_cpu(cpu_context, cpu));
        struct ds_context *context = NULL;
        struct ds_context *new_context = NULL;

        /* Chances are small that we already have a context. */
        new_context = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_context), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!new_context)
                return NULL;

        spin_lock_irq(&ds_lock);

        context = *p_context;
        if (likely(!context)) {
                context = new_context;

                context->this = p_context;
                context->task = task;
                context->cpu = cpu;
                context->count = 0;

                *p_context = context;
        }

        context->count++;

        spin_unlock_irq(&ds_lock);

        if (context != new_context)
                kfree(new_context);

        return context;
}

static void ds_put_context(struct ds_context *context)
{
        struct task_struct *task;
        unsigned long irq;

        if (!context)
                return;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_lock, irq);

        if (--context->count) {
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_lock, irq);
                return;
        }

        *(context->this) = NULL;

        task = context->task;

        if (task)
                clear_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_DS_AREA_MSR);

        /*
         * We leave the (now dangling) pointer to the DS configuration in
         * the DS_AREA msr. This is as good or as bad as replacing it with
         * NULL - the hardware would crash if we enabled tracing.
         *
         * This saves us some problems with having to write an msr on a
         * different cpu while preventing others from doing the same for the
         * next context for that same cpu.
         */

        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_lock, irq);

        /* The context might still be in use for context switching. */
        if (task && (task != current))
                wait_task_context_switch(task);

        kfree(context);
}

static void ds_install_ds_area(struct ds_context *context)
{
        unsigned long ds;

        ds = (unsigned long)context->ds;

        /*
         * There is a race between the bts master and the pebs master.
         *
         * The thread/cpu access is synchronized via get/put_cpu() for
         * task tracing and via wrmsr_on_cpu for cpu tracing.
         *
         * If bts and pebs are collected for the same task or same cpu,
         * the same confiuration is written twice.
         */
        if (context->task) {
                get_cpu();
                if (context->task == current)
                        wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_DS_AREA, ds);
                set_tsk_thread_flag(context->task, TIF_DS_AREA_MSR);
                put_cpu();
        } else
                wrmsr_on_cpu(context->cpu, MSR_IA32_DS_AREA,
                             (u32)((u64)ds), (u32)((u64)ds >> 32));
}

/*
 * Call the tracer's callback on a buffer overflow.
 *
 * context: the ds context
 * qual: the buffer type
 */
static void ds_overflow(struct ds_context *context, enum ds_qualifier qual)
{
        switch (qual) {
        case ds_bts:
                if (context->bts_master &&
                    context->bts_master->ovfl)
                        context->bts_master->ovfl(context->bts_master);
                break;
        case ds_pebs:
                if (context->pebs_master &&
                    context->pebs_master->ovfl)
                        context->pebs_master->ovfl(context->pebs_master);
                break;
        }
}


/*
 * Write raw data into the BTS or PEBS buffer.
 *
 * The remainder of any partially written record is zeroed out.
 *
 * context: the DS context
 * qual:    the buffer type
 * record:  the data to write
 * size:    the size of the data
 */
static int ds_write(struct ds_context *context, enum ds_qualifier qual,
                    const void *record, size_t size)
{
        int bytes_written = 0;

        if (!record)
                return -EINVAL;

        while (size) {
                unsigned long base, index, end, write_end, int_th;
                unsigned long write_size, adj_write_size;

                /*
                 * Write as much as possible without producing an
                 * overflow interrupt.
                 *
                 * Interrupt_threshold must either be
                 * - bigger than absolute_maximum or
                 * - point to a record between buffer_base and absolute_maximum
                 *
                 * Index points to a valid record.
                 */
                base   = ds_get(context->ds, qual, ds_buffer_base);
                index  = ds_get(context->ds, qual, ds_index);
                end    = ds_get(context->ds, qual, ds_absolute_maximum);
                int_th = ds_get(context->ds, qual, ds_interrupt_threshold);

                write_end = min(end, int_th);

                /*
                 * If we are already beyond the interrupt threshold,
                 * we fill the entire buffer.
                 */
                if (write_end <= index)
                        write_end = end;

                if (write_end <= index)
                        break;

                write_size = min((unsigned long) size, write_end - index);
                memcpy((void *)index, record, write_size);

                record = (const char *)record + write_size;
                size -= write_size;
                bytes_written += write_size;

                adj_write_size = write_size / ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual];
                adj_write_size *= ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual];

                /* Zero out trailing bytes. */
                memset((char *)index + write_size, 0,
                       adj_write_size - write_size);
                index += adj_write_size;

                if (index >= end)
                        index = base;
                ds_set(context->ds, qual, ds_index, index);

                if (index >= int_th)
                        ds_overflow(context, qual);
        }

        return bytes_written;
}


/*
 * Branch Trace Store (BTS) uses the following format. Different
 * architectures vary in the size of those fields.
 * - source linear address
 * - destination linear address
 * - flags
 *
 * Later architectures use 64bit pointers throughout, whereas earlier
 * architectures use 32bit pointers in 32bit mode.
 *
 * We compute the base address for the fields based on:
 * - the field size stored in the DS configuration
 * - the relative field position
 *
 * In order to store additional information in the BTS buffer, we use
 * a special source address to indicate that the record requires
 * special interpretation.
 *
 * Netburst indicated via a bit in the flags field whether the branch
 * was predicted; this is ignored.
 *
 * We use two levels of abstraction:
 * - the raw data level defined here
 * - an arch-independent level defined in ds.h
 */

enum bts_field {
        bts_from,
        bts_to,
        bts_flags,

        bts_qual                = bts_from,
        bts_clock               = bts_to,
        bts_pid                 = bts_flags,

        bts_qual_mask           = (bts_qual_max - 1),
        bts_escape              = ((unsigned long)-1 & ~bts_qual_mask)
};

static inline unsigned long bts_get(const char *base, unsigned long field)
{
        base += (ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field * field);
        return *(unsigned long *)base;
}

static inline void bts_set(char *base, unsigned long field, unsigned long val)
{
        base += (ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field * field);
        (*(unsigned long *)base) = val;
}


/*
 * The raw BTS data is architecture dependent.
 *
 * For higher-level users, we give an arch-independent view.
 * - ds.h defines struct bts_struct
 * - bts_read translates one raw bts record into a bts_struct
 * - bts_write translates one bts_struct into the raw format and
 *   writes it into the top of the parameter tracer's buffer.
 *
 * return: bytes read/written on success; -Eerrno, otherwise
 */
static int
bts_read(struct bts_tracer *tracer, const void *at, struct bts_struct *out)
{
        if (!tracer)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (at < tracer->trace.ds.begin)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (tracer->trace.ds.end < (at + tracer->trace.ds.size))
                return -EINVAL;

        memset(out, 0, sizeof(*out));
        if ((bts_get(at, bts_qual) & ~bts_qual_mask) == bts_escape) {
                out->qualifier = (bts_get(at, bts_qual) & bts_qual_mask);
                out->variant.event.clock = bts_get(at, bts_clock);
                out->variant.event.pid = bts_get(at, bts_pid);
        } else {
                out->qualifier = bts_branch;
                out->variant.lbr.from = bts_get(at, bts_from);
                out->variant.lbr.to   = bts_get(at, bts_to);

                if (!out->variant.lbr.from && !out->variant.lbr.to)
                        out->qualifier = bts_invalid;
        }

        return ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts];
}

static int bts_write(struct bts_tracer *tracer, const struct bts_struct *in)
{
        unsigned char raw[MAX_SIZEOF_BTS];

        if (!tracer)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (MAX_SIZEOF_BTS < ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts])
                return -EOVERFLOW;

        switch (in->qualifier) {
        case bts_invalid:
                bts_set(raw, bts_from, 0);
                bts_set(raw, bts_to, 0);
                bts_set(raw, bts_flags, 0);
                break;
        case bts_branch:
                bts_set(raw, bts_from, in->variant.lbr.from);
                bts_set(raw, bts_to,   in->variant.lbr.to);
                bts_set(raw, bts_flags, 0);
                break;
        case bts_task_arrives:
        case bts_task_departs:
                bts_set(raw, bts_qual, (bts_escape | in->qualifier));
                bts_set(raw, bts_clock, in->variant.event.clock);
                bts_set(raw, bts_pid, in->variant.event.pid);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        return ds_write(tracer->ds.context, ds_bts, raw,
                        ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts]);
}


static void ds_write_config(struct ds_context *context,
                            struct ds_trace *cfg, enum ds_qualifier qual)
{
        unsigned char *ds = context->ds;

        ds_set(ds, qual, ds_buffer_base, (unsigned long)cfg->begin);
        ds_set(ds, qual, ds_index, (unsigned long)cfg->top);
        ds_set(ds, qual, ds_absolute_maximum, (unsigned long)cfg->end);
        ds_set(ds, qual, ds_interrupt_threshold, (unsigned long)cfg->ith);
}

static void ds_read_config(struct ds_context *context,
                           struct ds_trace *cfg, enum ds_qualifier qual)
{
        unsigned char *ds = context->ds;

        cfg->begin = (void *)ds_get(ds, qual, ds_buffer_base);
        cfg->top = (void *)ds_get(ds, qual, ds_index);
        cfg->end = (void *)ds_get(ds, qual, ds_absolute_maximum);
        cfg->ith = (void *)ds_get(ds, qual, ds_interrupt_threshold);
}

static void ds_init_ds_trace(struct ds_trace *trace, enum ds_qualifier qual,
                             void *base, size_t size, size_t ith,
                             unsigned int flags) {
        unsigned long buffer, adj;

        /*
         * Adjust the buffer address and size to meet alignment
         * constraints:
         * - buffer is double-word aligned
         * - size is multiple of record size
         *
         * We checked the size at the very beginning; we have enough
         * space to do the adjustment.
         */
        buffer = (unsigned long)base;

        adj = ALIGN(buffer, DS_ALIGNMENT) - buffer;
        buffer += adj;
        size   -= adj;

        trace->n = size / ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual];
        trace->size = ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual];

        size = (trace->n * trace->size);

        trace->begin = (void *)buffer;
        trace->top = trace->begin;
        trace->end = (void *)(buffer + size);
        /*
         * The value for 'no threshold' is -1, which will set the
         * threshold outside of the buffer, just like we want it.
         */
        ith *= ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual];
        trace->ith = (void *)(buffer + size - ith);

        trace->flags = flags;
}


static int ds_request(struct ds_tracer *tracer, struct ds_trace *trace,
                      enum ds_qualifier qual, struct task_struct *task,
                      int cpu, void *base, size_t size, size_t th)
{
        struct ds_context *context;
        int error;
        size_t req_size;

        error = -EOPNOTSUPP;
        if (!ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual])
                goto out;

        error = -EINVAL;
        if (!base)
                goto out;

        req_size = ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual];
        /* We might need space for alignment adjustments. */
        if (!IS_ALIGNED((unsigned long)base, DS_ALIGNMENT))
                req_size += DS_ALIGNMENT;

        error = -EINVAL;
        if (size < req_size)
                goto out;

        if (th != (size_t)-1) {
                th *= ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[qual];

                error = -EINVAL;
                if (size <= th)
                        goto out;
        }

        tracer->buffer = base;
        tracer->size = size;

        error = -ENOMEM;
        context = ds_get_context(task, cpu);
        if (!context)
                goto out;
        tracer->context = context;

        /*
         * Defer any tracer-specific initialization work for the context until
         * context ownership has been clarified.
         */

        error = 0;
 out:
        return error;
}

static struct bts_tracer *ds_request_bts(struct task_struct *task, int cpu,
                                         void *base, size_t size,
                                         bts_ovfl_callback_t ovfl, size_t th,
                                         unsigned int flags)
{
        struct bts_tracer *tracer;
        int error;

        /* Buffer overflow notification is not yet implemented. */
        error = -EOPNOTSUPP;
        if (ovfl)
                goto out;

        error = get_tracer(task);
        if (error < 0)
                goto out;

        error = -ENOMEM;
        tracer = kzalloc(sizeof(*tracer), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!tracer)
                goto out_put_tracer;
        tracer->ovfl = ovfl;

        /* Do some more error checking and acquire a tracing context. */
        error = ds_request(&tracer->ds, &tracer->trace.ds,
                           ds_bts, task, cpu, base, size, th);
        if (error < 0)
                goto out_tracer;

        /* Claim the bts part of the tracing context we acquired above. */
        spin_lock_irq(&ds_lock);

        error = -EPERM;
        if (tracer->ds.context->bts_master)
                goto out_unlock;
        tracer->ds.context->bts_master = tracer;

        spin_unlock_irq(&ds_lock);

        /*
         * Now that we own the bts part of the context, let's complete the
         * initialization for that part.
         */
        ds_init_ds_trace(&tracer->trace.ds, ds_bts, base, size, th, flags);
        ds_write_config(tracer->ds.context, &tracer->trace.ds, ds_bts);
        ds_install_ds_area(tracer->ds.context);

        tracer->trace.read  = bts_read;
        tracer->trace.write = bts_write;

        /* Start tracing. */
        ds_resume_bts(tracer);

        return tracer;

 out_unlock:
        spin_unlock_irq(&ds_lock);
        ds_put_context(tracer->ds.context);
 out_tracer:
        kfree(tracer);
 out_put_tracer:
        put_tracer(task);
 out:
        return ERR_PTR(error);
}

struct bts_tracer *ds_request_bts_task(struct task_struct *task,
                                       void *base, size_t size,
                                       bts_ovfl_callback_t ovfl,
                                       size_t th, unsigned int flags)
{
        return ds_request_bts(task, 0, base, size, ovfl, th, flags);
}

struct bts_tracer *ds_request_bts_cpu(int cpu, void *base, size_t size,
                                      bts_ovfl_callback_t ovfl,
                                      size_t th, unsigned int flags)
{
        return ds_request_bts(NULL, cpu, base, size, ovfl, th, flags);
}

static struct pebs_tracer *ds_request_pebs(struct task_struct *task, int cpu,
                                           void *base, size_t size,
                                           pebs_ovfl_callback_t ovfl, size_t th,
                                           unsigned int flags)
{
        struct pebs_tracer *tracer;
        int error;

        /* Buffer overflow notification is not yet implemented. */
        error = -EOPNOTSUPP;
        if (ovfl)
                goto out;

        error = get_tracer(task);
        if (error < 0)
                goto out;

        error = -ENOMEM;
        tracer = kzalloc(sizeof(*tracer), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!tracer)
                goto out_put_tracer;
        tracer->ovfl = ovfl;

        /* Do some more error checking and acquire a tracing context. */
        error = ds_request(&tracer->ds, &tracer->trace.ds,
                           ds_pebs, task, cpu, base, size, th);
        if (error < 0)
                goto out_tracer;

        /* Claim the pebs part of the tracing context we acquired above. */
        spin_lock_irq(&ds_lock);

        error = -EPERM;
        if (tracer->ds.context->pebs_master)
                goto out_unlock;
        tracer->ds.context->pebs_master = tracer;

        spin_unlock_irq(&ds_lock);

        /*
         * Now that we own the pebs part of the context, let's complete the
         * initialization for that part.
         */
        ds_init_ds_trace(&tracer->trace.ds, ds_pebs, base, size, th, flags);
        ds_write_config(tracer->ds.context, &tracer->trace.ds, ds_pebs);
        ds_install_ds_area(tracer->ds.context);

        /* Start tracing. */
        ds_resume_pebs(tracer);

        return tracer;

 out_unlock:
        spin_unlock_irq(&ds_lock);
        ds_put_context(tracer->ds.context);
 out_tracer:
        kfree(tracer);
 out_put_tracer:
        put_tracer(task);
 out:
        return ERR_PTR(error);
}

struct pebs_tracer *ds_request_pebs_task(struct task_struct *task,
                                         void *base, size_t size,
                                         pebs_ovfl_callback_t ovfl,
                                         size_t th, unsigned int flags)
{
        return ds_request_pebs(task, 0, base, size, ovfl, th, flags);
}

struct pebs_tracer *ds_request_pebs_cpu(int cpu, void *base, size_t size,
                                        pebs_ovfl_callback_t ovfl,
                                        size_t th, unsigned int flags)
{
        return ds_request_pebs(NULL, cpu, base, size, ovfl, th, flags);
}

static void ds_free_bts(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(tracer->ds.context->bts_master != tracer);
        tracer->ds.context->bts_master = NULL;

        /* Make sure tracing stopped and the tracer is not in use. */
        if (task && (task != current))
                wait_task_context_switch(task);

        ds_put_context(tracer->ds.context);
        put_tracer(task);

        kfree(tracer);
}

void ds_release_bts(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        might_sleep();

        if (!tracer)
                return;

        ds_suspend_bts(tracer);
        ds_free_bts(tracer);
}

int ds_release_bts_noirq(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;
        unsigned long irq;
        int error;

        if (!tracer)
                return 0;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;

        local_irq_save(irq);

        error = -EPERM;
        if (!task &&
            (tracer->ds.context->cpu != smp_processor_id()))
                goto out;

        error = -EPERM;
        if (task && (task != current))
                goto out;

        ds_suspend_bts_noirq(tracer);
        ds_free_bts(tracer);

        error = 0;
 out:
        local_irq_restore(irq);
        return error;
}

static void update_task_debugctlmsr(struct task_struct *task,
                                    unsigned long debugctlmsr)
{
        task->thread.debugctlmsr = debugctlmsr;

        get_cpu();
        if (task == current)
                update_debugctlmsr(debugctlmsr);
        put_cpu();
}

void ds_suspend_bts(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;
        unsigned long debugctlmsr;
        int cpu;

        if (!tracer)
                return;

        tracer->flags = 0;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;
        cpu  = tracer->ds.context->cpu;

        WARN_ON(!task && irqs_disabled());

        debugctlmsr = (task ?
                       task->thread.debugctlmsr :
                       get_debugctlmsr_on_cpu(cpu));
        debugctlmsr &= ~BTS_CONTROL;

        if (task)
                update_task_debugctlmsr(task, debugctlmsr);
        else
                update_debugctlmsr_on_cpu(cpu, debugctlmsr);
}

int ds_suspend_bts_noirq(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;
        unsigned long debugctlmsr, irq;
        int cpu, error = 0;

        if (!tracer)
                return 0;

        tracer->flags = 0;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;
        cpu  = tracer->ds.context->cpu;

        local_irq_save(irq);

        error = -EPERM;
        if (!task && (cpu != smp_processor_id()))
                goto out;

        debugctlmsr = (task ?
                       task->thread.debugctlmsr :
                       get_debugctlmsr());
        debugctlmsr &= ~BTS_CONTROL;

        if (task)
                update_task_debugctlmsr(task, debugctlmsr);
        else
                update_debugctlmsr(debugctlmsr);

        error = 0;
 out:
        local_irq_restore(irq);
        return error;
}

static unsigned long ds_bts_control(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        unsigned long control;

        control = ds_cfg.ctl[dsf_bts];
        if (!(tracer->trace.ds.flags & BTS_KERNEL))
                control |= ds_cfg.ctl[dsf_bts_kernel];
        if (!(tracer->trace.ds.flags & BTS_USER))
                control |= ds_cfg.ctl[dsf_bts_user];

        return control;
}

void ds_resume_bts(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;
        unsigned long debugctlmsr;
        int cpu;

        if (!tracer)
                return;

        tracer->flags = tracer->trace.ds.flags;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;
        cpu  = tracer->ds.context->cpu;

        WARN_ON(!task && irqs_disabled());

        debugctlmsr = (task ?
                       task->thread.debugctlmsr :
                       get_debugctlmsr_on_cpu(cpu));
        debugctlmsr |= ds_bts_control(tracer);

        if (task)
                update_task_debugctlmsr(task, debugctlmsr);
        else
                update_debugctlmsr_on_cpu(cpu, debugctlmsr);
}

int ds_resume_bts_noirq(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;
        unsigned long debugctlmsr, irq;
        int cpu, error = 0;

        if (!tracer)
                return 0;

        tracer->flags = tracer->trace.ds.flags;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;
        cpu  = tracer->ds.context->cpu;

        local_irq_save(irq);

        error = -EPERM;
        if (!task && (cpu != smp_processor_id()))
                goto out;

        debugctlmsr = (task ?
                       task->thread.debugctlmsr :
                       get_debugctlmsr());
        debugctlmsr |= ds_bts_control(tracer);

        if (task)
                update_task_debugctlmsr(task, debugctlmsr);
        else
                update_debugctlmsr(debugctlmsr);

        error = 0;
 out:
        local_irq_restore(irq);
        return error;
}

static void ds_free_pebs(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(tracer->ds.context->pebs_master != tracer);
        tracer->ds.context->pebs_master = NULL;

        ds_put_context(tracer->ds.context);
        put_tracer(task);

        kfree(tracer);
}

void ds_release_pebs(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{
        might_sleep();

        if (!tracer)
                return;

        ds_suspend_pebs(tracer);
        ds_free_pebs(tracer);
}

int ds_release_pebs_noirq(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{
        struct task_struct *task;
        unsigned long irq;
        int error;

        if (!tracer)
                return 0;

        task = tracer->ds.context->task;

        local_irq_save(irq);

        error = -EPERM;
        if (!task &&
            (tracer->ds.context->cpu != smp_processor_id()))
                goto out;

        error = -EPERM;
        if (task && (task != current))
                goto out;

        ds_suspend_pebs_noirq(tracer);
        ds_free_pebs(tracer);

        error = 0;
 out:
        local_irq_restore(irq);
        return error;
}

void ds_suspend_pebs(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{

}

int ds_suspend_pebs_noirq(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{
        return 0;
}

void ds_resume_pebs(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{

}

int ds_resume_pebs_noirq(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{
        return 0;
}

const struct bts_trace *ds_read_bts(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        if (!tracer)
                return NULL;

        ds_read_config(tracer->ds.context, &tracer->trace.ds, ds_bts);
        return &tracer->trace;
}

const struct pebs_trace *ds_read_pebs(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{
        if (!tracer)
                return NULL;

        ds_read_config(tracer->ds.context, &tracer->trace.ds, ds_pebs);

        tracer->trace.counters = ds_cfg.nr_counter_reset;
        memcpy(tracer->trace.counter_reset,
               tracer->ds.context->ds +
               (NUM_DS_PTR_FIELDS * ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field),
               ds_cfg.nr_counter_reset * PEBS_RESET_FIELD_SIZE);

        return &tracer->trace;
}

int ds_reset_bts(struct bts_tracer *tracer)
{
        if (!tracer)
                return -EINVAL;

        tracer->trace.ds.top = tracer->trace.ds.begin;

        ds_set(tracer->ds.context->ds, ds_bts, ds_index,
               (unsigned long)tracer->trace.ds.top);

        return 0;
}

int ds_reset_pebs(struct pebs_tracer *tracer)
{
        if (!tracer)
                return -EINVAL;

        tracer->trace.ds.top = tracer->trace.ds.begin;

        ds_set(tracer->ds.context->ds, ds_pebs, ds_index,
               (unsigned long)tracer->trace.ds.top);

        return 0;
}

int ds_set_pebs_reset(struct pebs_tracer *tracer,
                      unsigned int counter, u64 value)
{
        if (!tracer)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (ds_cfg.nr_counter_reset < counter)
                return -EINVAL;

        *(u64 *)(tracer->ds.context->ds +
                 (NUM_DS_PTR_FIELDS * ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field) +
                 (counter * PEBS_RESET_FIELD_SIZE)) = value;

        return 0;
}

static const struct ds_configuration ds_cfg_netburst = {
        .name = "Netburst",
        .ctl[dsf_bts]           = (1 << 2) | (1 << 3),
        .ctl[dsf_bts_kernel]    = (1 << 5),
        .ctl[dsf_bts_user]      = (1 << 6),
        .nr_counter_reset       = 1,
};
static const struct ds_configuration ds_cfg_pentium_m = {
        .name = "Pentium M",
        .ctl[dsf_bts]           = (1 << 6) | (1 << 7),
        .nr_counter_reset       = 1,
};
static const struct ds_configuration ds_cfg_core2_atom = {
        .name = "Core 2/Atom",
        .ctl[dsf_bts]           = (1 << 6) | (1 << 7),
        .ctl[dsf_bts_kernel]    = (1 << 9),
        .ctl[dsf_bts_user]      = (1 << 10),
        .nr_counter_reset       = 1,
};
static const struct ds_configuration ds_cfg_core_i7 = {
        .name = "Core i7",
        .ctl[dsf_bts]           = (1 << 6) | (1 << 7),
        .ctl[dsf_bts_kernel]    = (1 << 9),
        .ctl[dsf_bts_user]      = (1 << 10),
        .nr_counter_reset       = 4,
};

static void
ds_configure(const struct ds_configuration *cfg,
             struct cpuinfo_x86 *cpu)
{
        unsigned long nr_pebs_fields = 0;

        printk(KERN_INFO "[ds] using %s configuration\n", cfg->name);

#ifdef __i386__
        nr_pebs_fields = 10;
#else
        nr_pebs_fields = 18;
#endif

        /*
         * Starting with version 2, architectural performance
         * monitoring supports a format specifier.
         */
        if ((cpuid_eax(0xa) & 0xff) > 1) {
                unsigned long perf_capabilities, format;

                rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_PERF_CAPABILITIES, perf_capabilities);

                format = (perf_capabilities >> 8) & 0xf;

                switch (format) {
                case 0:
                        nr_pebs_fields = 18;
                        break;
                case 1:
                        nr_pebs_fields = 22;
                        break;
                default:
                        printk(KERN_INFO
                               "[ds] unknown PEBS format: %lu\n", format);
                        nr_pebs_fields = 0;
                        break;
                }
        }

        memset(&ds_cfg, 0, sizeof(ds_cfg));
        ds_cfg = *cfg;

        ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field =
                (cpu_has(cpu, X86_FEATURE_DTES64) ? 8 : 4);

        ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts]  = ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field * 3;
        ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_pebs] = ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field * nr_pebs_fields;

        if (!cpu_has(cpu, X86_FEATURE_BTS)) {
                ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts] = 0;
                printk(KERN_INFO "[ds] bts not available\n");
        }
        if (!cpu_has(cpu, X86_FEATURE_PEBS)) {
                ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_pebs] = 0;
                printk(KERN_INFO "[ds] pebs not available\n");
        }

        printk(KERN_INFO "[ds] sizes: address: %u bit, ",
               8 * ds_cfg.sizeof_ptr_field);
        printk("bts/pebs record: %u/%u bytes\n",
               ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts], ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_pebs]);

        WARN_ON_ONCE(MAX_PEBS_COUNTERS < ds_cfg.nr_counter_reset);
}

void __cpuinit ds_init_intel(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
{
        /* Only configure the first cpu. Others are identical. */
        if (ds_cfg.name)
                return;

        switch (c->x86) {
        case 0x6:
                switch (c->x86_model) {
                case 0x9:
                case 0xd: /* Pentium M */
                        ds_configure(&ds_cfg_pentium_m, c);
                        break;
                case 0xf:
                case 0x17: /* Core2 */
                case 0x1c: /* Atom */
                        ds_configure(&ds_cfg_core2_atom, c);
                        break;
                case 0x1a: /* Core i7 */
                        ds_configure(&ds_cfg_core_i7, c);
                        break;
                default:
                        /* Sorry, don't know about them. */
                        break;
                }
                break;
        case 0xf:
                switch (c->x86_model) {
                case 0x0:
                case 0x1:
                case 0x2: /* Netburst */
                        ds_configure(&ds_cfg_netburst, c);
                        break;
                default:
                        /* Sorry, don't know about them. */
                        break;
                }
                break;
        default:
                /* Sorry, don't know about them. */
                break;
        }
}

static inline void ds_take_timestamp(struct ds_context *context,
                                     enum bts_qualifier qualifier,
                                     struct task_struct *task)
{
        struct bts_tracer *tracer = context->bts_master;
        struct bts_struct ts;

        /* Prevent compilers from reading the tracer pointer twice. */
        barrier();

        if (!tracer || !(tracer->flags & BTS_TIMESTAMPS))
                return;

        memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(ts));
        ts.qualifier            = qualifier;
        ts.variant.event.clock  = trace_clock_global();
        ts.variant.event.pid    = task->pid;

        bts_write(tracer, &ts);
}

/*
 * Change the DS configuration from tracing prev to tracing next.
 */
void ds_switch_to(struct task_struct *prev, struct task_struct *next)
{
        struct ds_context *prev_ctx     = prev->thread.ds_ctx;
        struct ds_context *next_ctx     = next->thread.ds_ctx;
        unsigned long debugctlmsr       = next->thread.debugctlmsr;

        /* Make sure all data is read before we start. */
        barrier();

        if (prev_ctx) {
                update_debugctlmsr(0);

                ds_take_timestamp(prev_ctx, bts_task_departs, prev);
        }

        if (next_ctx) {
                ds_take_timestamp(next_ctx, bts_task_arrives, next);

                wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_DS_AREA, (unsigned long)next_ctx->ds);
        }

        update_debugctlmsr(debugctlmsr);
}

static __init int ds_selftest(void)
{
        if (ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts]) {
                int error;

                error = ds_selftest_bts();
                if (error) {
                        WARN(1, "[ds] selftest failed. disabling bts.\n");
                        ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_bts] = 0;
                }
        }

        if (ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_pebs]) {
                int error;

                error = ds_selftest_pebs();
                if (error) {
                        WARN(1, "[ds] selftest failed. disabling pebs.\n");
                        ds_cfg.sizeof_rec[ds_pebs] = 0;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}
device_initcall(ds_selftest);