/**
 * @file buffer_sync.c
 *
 * @remark Copyright 2002-2009 OProfile authors
 * @remark Read the file COPYING
 *
 * @author John Levon <levon@movementarian.org>
 * @author Barry Kasindorf
 * @author Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
 *
 * This is the core of the buffer management. Each
 * CPU buffer is processed and entered into the
 * global event buffer. Such processing is necessary
 * in several circumstances, mentioned below.
 *
 * The processing does the job of converting the
 * transitory EIP value into a persistent dentry/offset
 * value that the profiler can record at its leisure.
 *
 * See fs/dcookies.c for a description of the dentry/offset
 * objects.
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/dcookies.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/oprofile.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>

#include "oprofile_stats.h"
#include "event_buffer.h"
#include "cpu_buffer.h"
#include "buffer_sync.h"

static LIST_HEAD(dying_tasks);
static LIST_HEAD(dead_tasks);
static cpumask_var_t marked_cpus;
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(task_mortuary);
static void process_task_mortuary(void);

/* Take ownership of the task struct and place it on the
 * list for processing. Only after two full buffer syncs
 * does the task eventually get freed, because by then
 * we are sure we will not reference it again.
 * Can be invoked from softirq via RCU callback due to
 * call_rcu() of the task struct, hence the _irqsave.
 */
static int
task_free_notify(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long val, void *data)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct task_struct *task = data;
        spin_lock_irqsave(&task_mortuary, flags);
        list_add(&task->tasks, &dying_tasks);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&task_mortuary, flags);
        return NOTIFY_OK;
}


/* The task is on its way out. A sync of the buffer means we can catch
 * any remaining samples for this task.
 */
static int
task_exit_notify(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long val, void *data)
{
        /* To avoid latency problems, we only process the current CPU,
         * hoping that most samples for the task are on this CPU
         */
        sync_buffer(raw_smp_processor_id());
        return 0;
}


/* The task is about to try a do_munmap(). We peek at what it's going to
 * do, and if it's an executable region, process the samples first, so
 * we don't lose any. This does not have to be exact, it's a QoI issue
 * only.
 */
static int
munmap_notify(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long val, void *data)
{
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)data;
        struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
        struct vm_area_struct *mpnt;

        down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

        mpnt = find_vma(mm, addr);
        if (mpnt && mpnt->vm_file && (mpnt->vm_flags & VM_EXEC)) {
                up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
                /* To avoid latency problems, we only process the current CPU,
                 * hoping that most samples for the task are on this CPU
                 */
                sync_buffer(raw_smp_processor_id());
                return 0;
        }

        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        return 0;
}


/* We need to be told about new modules so we don't attribute to a previously
 * loaded module, or drop the samples on the floor.
 */
static int
module_load_notify(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long val, void *data)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
        if (val != MODULE_STATE_COMING)
                return 0;

        /* FIXME: should we process all CPU buffers ? */
        mutex_lock(&buffer_mutex);
        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        add_event_entry(MODULE_LOADED_CODE);
        mutex_unlock(&buffer_mutex);
#endif
        return 0;
}


static struct notifier_block task_free_nb = {
        .notifier_call  = task_free_notify,
};

static struct notifier_block task_exit_nb = {
        .notifier_call  = task_exit_notify,
};

static struct notifier_block munmap_nb = {
        .notifier_call  = munmap_notify,
};

static struct notifier_block module_load_nb = {
        .notifier_call = module_load_notify,
};


static void end_sync(void)
{
        end_cpu_work();
        /* make sure we don't leak task structs */
        process_task_mortuary();
        process_task_mortuary();
}


int sync_start(void)
{
        int err;

        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&marked_cpus, GFP_KERNEL))
                return -ENOMEM;

        start_cpu_work();

        err = task_handoff_register(&task_free_nb);
        if (err)
                goto out1;
        err = profile_event_register(PROFILE_TASK_EXIT, &task_exit_nb);
        if (err)
                goto out2;
        err = profile_event_register(PROFILE_MUNMAP, &munmap_nb);
        if (err)
                goto out3;
        err = register_module_notifier(&module_load_nb);
        if (err)
                goto out4;

out:
        return err;
out4:
        profile_event_unregister(PROFILE_MUNMAP, &munmap_nb);
out3:
        profile_event_unregister(PROFILE_TASK_EXIT, &task_exit_nb);
out2:
        task_handoff_unregister(&task_free_nb);
out1:
        end_sync();
        free_cpumask_var(marked_cpus);
        goto out;
}


void sync_stop(void)
{
        unregister_module_notifier(&module_load_nb);
        profile_event_unregister(PROFILE_MUNMAP, &munmap_nb);
        profile_event_unregister(PROFILE_TASK_EXIT, &task_exit_nb);
        task_handoff_unregister(&task_free_nb);
        end_sync();
        free_cpumask_var(marked_cpus);
}


/* Optimisation. We can manage without taking the dcookie sem
 * because we cannot reach this code without at least one
 * dcookie user still being registered (namely, the reader
 * of the event buffer). */
static inline unsigned long fast_get_dcookie(struct path *path)
{
        unsigned long cookie;

        if (path->dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_COOKIE)
                return (unsigned long)path->dentry;
        get_dcookie(path, &cookie);
        return cookie;
}


/* Look up the dcookie for the task's first VM_EXECUTABLE mapping,
 * which corresponds loosely to "application name". This is
 * not strictly necessary but allows oprofile to associate
 * shared-library samples with particular applications
 */
static unsigned long get_exec_dcookie(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        unsigned long cookie = NO_COOKIE;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;

        if (!mm)
                goto out;

        for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
                if (!vma->vm_file)
                        continue;
                if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_EXECUTABLE))
                        continue;
                cookie = fast_get_dcookie(&vma->vm_file->f_path);
                break;
        }

out:
        return cookie;
}


/* Convert the EIP value of a sample into a persistent dentry/offset
 * pair that can then be added to the global event buffer. We make
 * sure to do this lookup before a mm->mmap modification happens so
 * we don't lose track.
 */
static unsigned long
lookup_dcookie(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, off_t *offset)
{
        unsigned long cookie = NO_COOKIE;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;

        for (vma = find_vma(mm, addr); vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {

                if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
                        continue;

                if (vma->vm_file) {
                        cookie = fast_get_dcookie(&vma->vm_file->f_path);
                        *offset = (vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + addr -
                                vma->vm_start;
                } else {
                        /* must be an anonymous map */
                        *offset = addr;
                }

                break;
        }

        if (!vma)
                cookie = INVALID_COOKIE;

        return cookie;
}

static unsigned long last_cookie = INVALID_COOKIE;

static void add_cpu_switch(int i)
{
        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        add_event_entry(CPU_SWITCH_CODE);
        add_event_entry(i);
        last_cookie = INVALID_COOKIE;
}

static void add_kernel_ctx_switch(unsigned int in_kernel)
{
        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        if (in_kernel)
                add_event_entry(KERNEL_ENTER_SWITCH_CODE);
        else
                add_event_entry(KERNEL_EXIT_SWITCH_CODE);
}

static void
add_user_ctx_switch(struct task_struct const *task, unsigned long cookie)
{
        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        add_event_entry(CTX_SWITCH_CODE);
        add_event_entry(task->pid);
        add_event_entry(cookie);
        /* Another code for daemon back-compat */
        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        add_event_entry(CTX_TGID_CODE);
        add_event_entry(task->tgid);
}


static void add_cookie_switch(unsigned long cookie)
{
        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        add_event_entry(COOKIE_SWITCH_CODE);
        add_event_entry(cookie);
}


static void add_trace_begin(void)
{
        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        add_event_entry(TRACE_BEGIN_CODE);
}

static void add_data(struct op_entry *entry, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        unsigned long code, pc, val;
        unsigned long cookie;
        off_t offset;

        if (!op_cpu_buffer_get_data(entry, &code))
                return;
        if (!op_cpu_buffer_get_data(entry, &pc))
                return;
        if (!op_cpu_buffer_get_size(entry))
                return;

        if (mm) {
                cookie = lookup_dcookie(mm, pc, &offset);

                if (cookie == NO_COOKIE)
                        offset = pc;
                if (cookie == INVALID_COOKIE) {
                        atomic_inc(&oprofile_stats.sample_lost_no_mapping);
                        offset = pc;
                }
                if (cookie != last_cookie) {
                        add_cookie_switch(cookie);
                        last_cookie = cookie;
                }
        } else
                offset = pc;

        add_event_entry(ESCAPE_CODE);
        add_event_entry(code);
        add_event_entry(offset);        /* Offset from Dcookie */

        while (op_cpu_buffer_get_data(entry, &val))
                add_event_entry(val);
}

static inline void add_sample_entry(unsigned long offset, unsigned long event)
{
        add_event_entry(offset);
        add_event_entry(event);
}


/*
 * Add a sample to the global event buffer. If possible the
 * sample is converted into a persistent dentry/offset pair
 * for later lookup from userspace. Return 0 on failure.
 */
static int
add_sample(struct mm_struct *mm, struct op_sample *s, int in_kernel)
{
        unsigned long cookie;
        off_t offset;

        if (in_kernel) {
                add_sample_entry(s->eip, s->event);
                return 1;
        }

        /* add userspace sample */

        if (!mm) {
                atomic_inc(&oprofile_stats.sample_lost_no_mm);
                return 0;
        }

        cookie = lookup_dcookie(mm, s->eip, &offset);

        if (cookie == INVALID_COOKIE) {
                atomic_inc(&oprofile_stats.sample_lost_no_mapping);
                return 0;
        }

        if (cookie != last_cookie) {
                add_cookie_switch(cookie);
                last_cookie = cookie;
        }

        add_sample_entry(offset, s->event);

        return 1;
}


static void release_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        if (!mm)
                return;
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        mmput(mm);
}


static struct mm_struct *take_tasks_mm(struct task_struct *task)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = get_task_mm(task);
        if (mm)
                down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        return mm;
}


static inline int is_code(unsigned long val)
{
        return val == ESCAPE_CODE;
}


/* Move tasks along towards death. Any tasks on dead_tasks
 * will definitely have no remaining references in any
 * CPU buffers at this point, because we use two lists,
 * and to have reached the list, it must have gone through
 * one full sync already.
 */
static void process_task_mortuary(void)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        LIST_HEAD(local_dead_tasks);
        struct task_struct *task;
        struct task_struct *ttask;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&task_mortuary, flags);

        list_splice_init(&dead_tasks, &local_dead_tasks);
        list_splice_init(&dying_tasks, &dead_tasks);

        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&task_mortuary, flags);

        list_for_each_entry_safe(task, ttask, &local_dead_tasks, tasks) {
                list_del(&task->tasks);
                free_task(task);
        }
}


static void mark_done(int cpu)
{
        int i;

        cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, marked_cpus);

        for_each_online_cpu(i) {
                if (!cpumask_test_cpu(i, marked_cpus))
                        return;
        }

        /* All CPUs have been processed at least once,
         * we can process the mortuary once
         */
        process_task_mortuary();

        cpumask_clear(marked_cpus);
}


/* FIXME: this is not sufficient if we implement syscall barrier backtrace
 * traversal, the code switch to sb_sample_start at first kernel enter/exit
 * switch so we need a fifth state and some special handling in sync_buffer()
 */
typedef enum {
        sb_bt_ignore = -2,
        sb_buffer_start,
        sb_bt_start,
        sb_sample_start,
} sync_buffer_state;

/* Sync one of the CPU's buffers into the global event buffer.
 * Here we need to go through each batch of samples punctuated
 * by context switch notes, taking the task's mmap_sem and doing
 * lookup in task->mm->mmap to convert EIP into dcookie/offset
 * value.
 */
void sync_buffer(int cpu)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = NULL;
        struct mm_struct *oldmm;
        unsigned long val;
        struct task_struct *new;
        unsigned long cookie = 0;
        int in_kernel = 1;
        sync_buffer_state state = sb_buffer_start;
        unsigned int i;
        unsigned long available;
        unsigned long flags;
        struct op_entry entry;
        struct op_sample *sample;

        mutex_lock(&buffer_mutex);

        add_cpu_switch(cpu);

        op_cpu_buffer_reset(cpu);
        available = op_cpu_buffer_entries(cpu);

        for (i = 0; i < available; ++i) {
                sample = op_cpu_buffer_read_entry(&entry, cpu);
                if (!sample)
                        break;

                if (is_code(sample->eip)) {
                        flags = sample->event;
                        if (flags & TRACE_BEGIN) {
                                state = sb_bt_start;
                                add_trace_begin();
                        }
                        if (flags & KERNEL_CTX_SWITCH) {
                                /* kernel/userspace switch */
                                in_kernel = flags & IS_KERNEL;
                                if (state == sb_buffer_start)
                                        state = sb_sample_start;
                                add_kernel_ctx_switch(flags & IS_KERNEL);
                        }
                        if (flags & USER_CTX_SWITCH
                            && op_cpu_buffer_get_data(&entry, &val)) {
                                /* userspace context switch */
                                new = (struct task_struct *)val;
                                oldmm = mm;
                                release_mm(oldmm);
                                mm = take_tasks_mm(new);
                                if (mm != oldmm)
                                        cookie = get_exec_dcookie(mm);
                                add_user_ctx_switch(new, cookie);
                        }
                        if (op_cpu_buffer_get_size(&entry))
                                add_data(&entry, mm);
                        continue;
                }

                if (state < sb_bt_start)
                        /* ignore sample */
                        continue;

                if (add_sample(mm, sample, in_kernel))
                        continue;

                /* ignore backtraces if failed to add a sample */
                if (state == sb_bt_start) {
                        state = sb_bt_ignore;
                        atomic_inc(&oprofile_stats.bt_lost_no_mapping);
                }
        }
        release_mm(mm);

        mark_done(cpu);

        mutex_unlock(&buffer_mutex);
}

/* The function can be used to add a buffer worth of data directly to
 * the kernel buffer. The buffer is assumed to be a circular buffer.
 * Take the entries from index start and end at index end, wrapping
 * at max_entries.
 */
void oprofile_put_buff(unsigned long *buf, unsigned int start,
                       unsigned int stop, unsigned int max)
{
        int i;

        i = start;

        mutex_lock(&buffer_mutex);
        while (i != stop) {
                add_event_entry(buf[i++]);

                if (i >= max)
                        i = 0;
        }

        mutex_unlock(&buffer_mutex);
}