/* -*- mode: c; c-basic-offset: 8; -*-
 * vim: noexpandtab sw=8 ts=8 sts=0:
 *
 * uptodate.c
 *
 * Tracking the up-to-date-ness of a local buffer_head with respect to
 * the cluster.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2002, 2004, 2005 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
 * License along with this program; if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 021110-1307, USA.
 *
 * Standard buffer head caching flags (uptodate, etc) are insufficient
 * in a clustered environment - a buffer may be marked up to date on
 * our local node but could have been modified by another cluster
 * member. As a result an additional (and performant) caching scheme
 * is required. A further requirement is that we consume as little
 * memory as possible - we never pin buffer_head structures in order
 * to cache them.
 *
 * We track the existence of up to date buffers on the inodes which
 * are associated with them. Because we don't want to pin
 * buffer_heads, this is only a (strong) hint and several other checks
 * are made in the I/O path to ensure that we don't use a stale or
 * invalid buffer without going to disk:
 *      - buffer_jbd is used liberally - if a bh is in the journal on
 *        this node then it *must* be up to date.
 *      - the standard buffer_uptodate() macro is used to detect buffers
 *        which may be invalid (even if we have an up to date tracking
 *        item for them)
 *
 * For a full understanding of how this code works together, one
 * should read the callers in dlmglue.c, the I/O functions in
 * buffer_head_io.c and ocfs2_journal_access in journal.c
 */

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>

#define MLOG_MASK_PREFIX ML_UPTODATE

#include <cluster/masklog.h>

#include "ocfs2.h"

#include "inode.h"
#include "uptodate.h"

struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item {
        struct rb_node  c_node;
        sector_t        c_block;
};

static struct kmem_cache *ocfs2_uptodate_cachep = NULL;

u64 ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        BUG_ON(!ci || !ci->ci_ops);

        return ci->ci_ops->co_owner(ci);
}

struct super_block *ocfs2_metadata_cache_get_super(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        BUG_ON(!ci || !ci->ci_ops);

        return ci->ci_ops->co_get_super(ci);
}

static void ocfs2_metadata_cache_lock(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        BUG_ON(!ci || !ci->ci_ops);

        ci->ci_ops->co_cache_lock(ci);
}

static void ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        BUG_ON(!ci || !ci->ci_ops);

        ci->ci_ops->co_cache_unlock(ci);
}

void ocfs2_metadata_cache_io_lock(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        BUG_ON(!ci || !ci->ci_ops);

        ci->ci_ops->co_io_lock(ci);
}

void ocfs2_metadata_cache_io_unlock(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        BUG_ON(!ci || !ci->ci_ops);

        ci->ci_ops->co_io_unlock(ci);
}


static void ocfs2_metadata_cache_reset(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                       int clear)
{
        ci->ci_flags |= OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE;
        ci->ci_num_cached = 0;

        if (clear) {
                ci->ci_created_trans = 0;
                ci->ci_last_trans = 0;
        }
}

void ocfs2_metadata_cache_init(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                               const struct ocfs2_caching_operations *ops)
{
        BUG_ON(!ops);

        ci->ci_ops = ops;
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_reset(ci, 1);
}

void ocfs2_metadata_cache_exit(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_purge(ci);
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_reset(ci, 1);
}


/* No lock taken here as 'root' is not expected to be visible to other
 * processes. */
static unsigned int ocfs2_purge_copied_metadata_tree(struct rb_root *root)
{
        unsigned int purged = 0;
        struct rb_node *node;
        struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *item;

        while ((node = rb_last(root)) != NULL) {
                item = rb_entry(node, struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item, c_node);

                mlog(0, "Purge item %llu\n",
                     (unsigned long long) item->c_block);

                rb_erase(&item->c_node, root);
                kmem_cache_free(ocfs2_uptodate_cachep, item);

                purged++;
        }
        return purged;
}

/* Called from locking and called from ocfs2_clear_inode. Dump the
 * cache for a given inode.
 *
 * This function is a few more lines longer than necessary due to some
 * accounting done here, but I think it's worth tracking down those
 * bugs sooner -- Mark */
void ocfs2_metadata_cache_purge(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        unsigned int tree, to_purge, purged;
        struct rb_root root = RB_ROOT;

        BUG_ON(!ci || !ci->ci_ops);

        ocfs2_metadata_cache_lock(ci);
        tree = !(ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE);
        to_purge = ci->ci_num_cached;

        mlog(0, "Purge %u %s items from Owner %llu\n", to_purge,
             tree ? "array" : "tree",
             (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci));

        /* If we're a tree, save off the root so that we can safely
         * initialize the cache. We do the work to free tree members
         * without the spinlock. */
        if (tree)
                root = ci->ci_cache.ci_tree;

        ocfs2_metadata_cache_reset(ci, 0);
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(ci);

        purged = ocfs2_purge_copied_metadata_tree(&root);
        /* If possible, track the number wiped so that we can more
         * easily detect counting errors. Unfortunately, this is only
         * meaningful for trees. */
        if (tree && purged != to_purge)
                mlog(ML_ERROR, "Owner %llu, count = %u, purged = %u\n",
                     (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci),
                     to_purge, purged);
}

/* Returns the index in the cache array, -1 if not found.
 * Requires ip_lock. */
static int ocfs2_search_cache_array(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                    sector_t item)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ci->ci_num_cached; i++) {
                if (item == ci->ci_cache.ci_array[i])
                        return i;
        }

        return -1;
}

/* Returns the cache item if found, otherwise NULL.
 * Requires ip_lock. */
static struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *
ocfs2_search_cache_tree(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                        sector_t block)
{
        struct rb_node * n = ci->ci_cache.ci_tree.rb_node;
        struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *item = NULL;

        while (n) {
                item = rb_entry(n, struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item, c_node);

                if (block < item->c_block)
                        n = n->rb_left;
                else if (block > item->c_block)
                        n = n->rb_right;
                else
                        return item;
        }

        return NULL;
}

static int ocfs2_buffer_cached(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                               struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        int index = -1;
        struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *item = NULL;

        ocfs2_metadata_cache_lock(ci);

        mlog(0, "Owner %llu, query block %llu (inline = %u)\n",
             (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci),
             (unsigned long long) bh->b_blocknr,
             !!(ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE));

        if (ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE)
                index = ocfs2_search_cache_array(ci, bh->b_blocknr);
        else
                item = ocfs2_search_cache_tree(ci, bh->b_blocknr);

        ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(ci);

        mlog(0, "index = %d, item = %p\n", index, item);

        return (index != -1) || (item != NULL);
}

/* Warning: even if it returns true, this does *not* guarantee that
 * the block is stored in our inode metadata cache. 
 * 
 * This can be called under lock_buffer()
 */
int ocfs2_buffer_uptodate(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                          struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        /* Doesn't matter if the bh is in our cache or not -- if it's
         * not marked uptodate then we know it can't have correct
         * data. */
        if (!buffer_uptodate(bh))
                return 0;

        /* OCFS2 does not allow multiple nodes to be changing the same
         * block at the same time. */
        if (buffer_jbd(bh))
                return 1;

        /* Ok, locally the buffer is marked as up to date, now search
         * our cache to see if we can trust that. */
        return ocfs2_buffer_cached(ci, bh);
}

/*
 * Determine whether a buffer is currently out on a read-ahead request.
 * ci_io_sem should be held to serialize submitters with the logic here.
 */
int ocfs2_buffer_read_ahead(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                            struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        return buffer_locked(bh) && ocfs2_buffer_cached(ci, bh);
}

/* Requires ip_lock */
static void ocfs2_append_cache_array(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                     sector_t block)
{
        BUG_ON(ci->ci_num_cached >= OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY);

        mlog(0, "block %llu takes position %u\n", (unsigned long long) block,
             ci->ci_num_cached);

        ci->ci_cache.ci_array[ci->ci_num_cached] = block;
        ci->ci_num_cached++;
}

/* By now the caller should have checked that the item does *not*
 * exist in the tree.
 * Requires ip_lock. */
static void __ocfs2_insert_cache_tree(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                      struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *new)
{
        sector_t block = new->c_block;
        struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
        struct rb_node **p = &ci->ci_cache.ci_tree.rb_node;
        struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *tmp;

        mlog(0, "Insert block %llu num = %u\n", (unsigned long long) block,
             ci->ci_num_cached);

        while(*p) {
                parent = *p;

                tmp = rb_entry(parent, struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item, c_node);

                if (block < tmp->c_block)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_left;
                else if (block > tmp->c_block)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_right;
                else {
                        /* This should never happen! */
                        mlog(ML_ERROR, "Duplicate block %llu cached!\n",
                             (unsigned long long) block);
                        BUG();
                }
        }

        rb_link_node(&new->c_node, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&new->c_node, &ci->ci_cache.ci_tree);
        ci->ci_num_cached++;
}

/* co_cache_lock() must be held */
static inline int ocfs2_insert_can_use_array(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci)
{
        return (ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE) &&
                (ci->ci_num_cached < OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY);
}

/* tree should be exactly OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY wide. NULL the
 * pointers in tree after we use them - this allows caller to detect
 * when to free in case of error.
 *
 * The co_cache_lock() must be held. */
static void ocfs2_expand_cache(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                               struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item **tree)
{
        int i;

        mlog_bug_on_msg(ci->ci_num_cached != OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY,
                        "Owner %llu, num cached = %u, should be %u\n",
                        (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci),
                        ci->ci_num_cached, OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY);
        mlog_bug_on_msg(!(ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE),
                        "Owner %llu not marked as inline anymore!\n",
                        (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci));

        /* Be careful to initialize the tree members *first* because
         * once the ci_tree is used, the array is junk... */
        for (i = 0; i < OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY; i++)
                tree[i]->c_block = ci->ci_cache.ci_array[i];

        ci->ci_flags &= ~OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE;
        ci->ci_cache.ci_tree = RB_ROOT;
        /* this will be set again by __ocfs2_insert_cache_tree */
        ci->ci_num_cached = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY; i++) {
                __ocfs2_insert_cache_tree(ci, tree[i]);
                tree[i] = NULL;
        }

        mlog(0, "Expanded %llu to a tree cache: flags 0x%x, num = %u\n",
             (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci),
             ci->ci_flags, ci->ci_num_cached);
}

/* Slow path function - memory allocation is necessary. See the
 * comment above ocfs2_set_buffer_uptodate for more information. */
static void __ocfs2_set_buffer_uptodate(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                        sector_t block,
                                        int expand_tree)
{
        int i;
        struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *new = NULL;
        struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *tree[OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY] =
                { NULL, };

        mlog(0, "Owner %llu, block %llu, expand = %d\n",
             (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci),
             (unsigned long long)block, expand_tree);

        new = kmem_cache_alloc(ocfs2_uptodate_cachep, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!new) {
                mlog_errno(-ENOMEM);
                return;
        }
        new->c_block = block;

        if (expand_tree) {
                /* Do *not* allocate an array here - the removal code
                 * has no way of tracking that. */
                for (i = 0; i < OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY; i++) {
                        tree[i] = kmem_cache_alloc(ocfs2_uptodate_cachep,
                                                   GFP_NOFS);
                        if (!tree[i]) {
                                mlog_errno(-ENOMEM);
                                goto out_free;
                        }

                        /* These are initialized in ocfs2_expand_cache! */
                }
        }

        ocfs2_metadata_cache_lock(ci);
        if (ocfs2_insert_can_use_array(ci)) {
                mlog(0, "Someone cleared the tree underneath us\n");
                /* Ok, items were removed from the cache in between
                 * locks. Detect this and revert back to the fast path */
                ocfs2_append_cache_array(ci, block);
                ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(ci);
                goto out_free;
        }

        if (expand_tree)
                ocfs2_expand_cache(ci, tree);

        __ocfs2_insert_cache_tree(ci, new);
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(ci);

        new = NULL;
out_free:
        if (new)
                kmem_cache_free(ocfs2_uptodate_cachep, new);

        /* If these were used, then ocfs2_expand_cache re-set them to
         * NULL for us. */
        if (tree[0]) {
                for (i = 0; i < OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY; i++)
                        if (tree[i])
                                kmem_cache_free(ocfs2_uptodate_cachep,
                                                tree[i]);
        }
}

/* Item insertion is guarded by co_io_lock(), so the insertion path takes
 * advantage of this by not rechecking for a duplicate insert during
 * the slow case. Additionally, if the cache needs to be bumped up to
 * a tree, the code will not recheck after acquiring the lock --
 * multiple paths cannot be expanding to a tree at the same time.
 *
 * The slow path takes into account that items can be removed
 * (including the whole tree wiped and reset) when this process it out
 * allocating memory. In those cases, it reverts back to the fast
 * path.
 *
 * Note that this function may actually fail to insert the block if
 * memory cannot be allocated. This is not fatal however (but may
 * result in a performance penalty)
 *
 * Readahead buffers can be passed in here before the I/O request is
 * completed.
 */
void ocfs2_set_buffer_uptodate(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                               struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        int expand;

        /* The block may very well exist in our cache already, so avoid
         * doing any more work in that case. */
        if (ocfs2_buffer_cached(ci, bh))
                return;

        mlog(0, "Owner %llu, inserting block %llu\n",
             (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci),
             (unsigned long long)bh->b_blocknr);

        /* No need to recheck under spinlock - insertion is guarded by
         * co_io_lock() */
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_lock(ci);
        if (ocfs2_insert_can_use_array(ci)) {
                /* Fast case - it's an array and there's a free
                 * spot. */
                ocfs2_append_cache_array(ci, bh->b_blocknr);
                ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(ci);
                return;
        }

        expand = 0;
        if (ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE) {
                /* We need to bump things up to a tree. */
                expand = 1;
        }
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(ci);

        __ocfs2_set_buffer_uptodate(ci, bh->b_blocknr, expand);
}

/* Called against a newly allocated buffer. Most likely nobody should
 * be able to read this sort of metadata while it's still being
 * allocated, but this is careful to take co_io_lock() anyway. */
void ocfs2_set_new_buffer_uptodate(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                   struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        /* This should definitely *not* exist in our cache */
        BUG_ON(ocfs2_buffer_cached(ci, bh));

        set_buffer_uptodate(bh);

        ocfs2_metadata_cache_io_lock(ci);
        ocfs2_set_buffer_uptodate(ci, bh);
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_io_unlock(ci);
}

/* Requires ip_lock. */
static void ocfs2_remove_metadata_array(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                        int index)
{
        sector_t *array = ci->ci_cache.ci_array;
        int bytes;

        BUG_ON(index < 0 || index >= OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY);
        BUG_ON(index >= ci->ci_num_cached);
        BUG_ON(!ci->ci_num_cached);

        mlog(0, "remove index %d (num_cached = %u\n", index,
             ci->ci_num_cached);

        ci->ci_num_cached--;

        /* don't need to copy if the array is now empty, or if we
         * removed at the tail */
        if (ci->ci_num_cached && index < ci->ci_num_cached) {
                bytes = sizeof(sector_t) * (ci->ci_num_cached - index);
                memmove(&array[index], &array[index + 1], bytes);
        }
}

/* Requires ip_lock. */
static void ocfs2_remove_metadata_tree(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                       struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *item)
{
        mlog(0, "remove block %llu from tree\n",
             (unsigned long long) item->c_block);

        rb_erase(&item->c_node, &ci->ci_cache.ci_tree);
        ci->ci_num_cached--;
}

static void ocfs2_remove_block_from_cache(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                          sector_t block)
{
        int index;
        struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item *item = NULL;

        ocfs2_metadata_cache_lock(ci);
        mlog(0, "Owner %llu, remove %llu, items = %u, array = %u\n",
             (unsigned long long)ocfs2_metadata_cache_owner(ci),
             (unsigned long long) block, ci->ci_num_cached,
             ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE);

        if (ci->ci_flags & OCFS2_CACHE_FL_INLINE) {
                index = ocfs2_search_cache_array(ci, block);
                if (index != -1)
                        ocfs2_remove_metadata_array(ci, index);
        } else {
                item = ocfs2_search_cache_tree(ci, block);
                if (item)
                        ocfs2_remove_metadata_tree(ci, item);
        }
        ocfs2_metadata_cache_unlock(ci);

        if (item)
                kmem_cache_free(ocfs2_uptodate_cachep, item);
}

/*
 * Called when we remove a chunk of metadata from an inode. We don't
 * bother reverting things to an inlined array in the case of a remove
 * which moves us back under the limit.
 */
void ocfs2_remove_from_cache(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                             struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        sector_t block = bh->b_blocknr;

        ocfs2_remove_block_from_cache(ci, block);
}

/* Called when we remove xattr clusters from an inode. */
void ocfs2_remove_xattr_clusters_from_cache(struct ocfs2_caching_info *ci,
                                            sector_t block,
                                            u32 c_len)
{
        struct super_block *sb = ocfs2_metadata_cache_get_super(ci);
        unsigned int i, b_len = ocfs2_clusters_to_blocks(sb, 1) * c_len;

        for (i = 0; i < b_len; i++, block++)
                ocfs2_remove_block_from_cache(ci, block);
}

int __init init_ocfs2_uptodate_cache(void)
{
        ocfs2_uptodate_cachep = kmem_cache_create("ocfs2_uptodate",
                                  sizeof(struct ocfs2_meta_cache_item),
                                  0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL);
        if (!ocfs2_uptodate_cachep)
                return -ENOMEM;

        mlog(0, "%u inlined cache items per inode.\n",
             OCFS2_CACHE_INFO_MAX_ARRAY);

        return 0;
}

void exit_ocfs2_uptodate_cache(void)
{
        if (ocfs2_uptodate_cachep)
                kmem_cache_destroy(ocfs2_uptodate_cachep);
}