linux/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
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   1/*
   2 *
   3 *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
   4 *
   5 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
   6 */
   7
   8#include <linux/module.h>
   9#include <linux/signal.h>
  10#include <linux/sched.h>
  11#include <linux/kernel.h>
  12#include <linux/errno.h>
  13#include <linux/string.h>
  14#include <linux/types.h>
  15#include <linux/ptrace.h>
  16#include <linux/mman.h>
  17#include <linux/mm.h>
  18#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
  19#include <linux/swap.h>
  20#include <linux/smp.h>
  21#include <linux/init.h>
  22#include <linux/highmem.h>
  23#include <linux/pagemap.h>
  24#include <linux/pci.h>
  25#include <linux/pfn.h>
  26#include <linux/poison.h>
  27#include <linux/bootmem.h>
  28#include <linux/memblock.h>
  29#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
  30#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
  31#include <linux/initrd.h>
  32#include <linux/cpumask.h>
  33#include <linux/gfp.h>
  34
  35#include <asm/asm.h>
  36#include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
  37#include <asm/processor.h>
  38#include <asm/uaccess.h>
  39#include <asm/pgtable.h>
  40#include <asm/dma.h>
  41#include <asm/fixmap.h>
  42#include <asm/e820.h>
  43#include <asm/apic.h>
  44#include <asm/bugs.h>
  45#include <asm/tlb.h>
  46#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
  47#include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
  48#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
  49#include <asm/sections.h>
  50#include <asm/paravirt.h>
  51#include <asm/setup.h>
  52#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  53#include <asm/page_types.h>
  54#include <asm/init.h>
  55
  56#include "mm_internal.h"
  57
  58unsigned long highstart_pfn, highend_pfn;
  59
  60static noinline int do_test_wp_bit(void);
  61
  62bool __read_mostly __vmalloc_start_set = false;
  63
  64/*
  65 * Creates a middle page table and puts a pointer to it in the
  66 * given global directory entry. This only returns the gd entry
  67 * in non-PAE compilation mode, since the middle layer is folded.
  68 */
  69static pmd_t * __init one_md_table_init(pgd_t *pgd)
  70{
  71        pud_t *pud;
  72        pmd_t *pmd_table;
  73
  74#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
  75        if (!(pgd_val(*pgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
  76                pmd_table = (pmd_t *)alloc_low_page();
  77                paravirt_alloc_pmd(&init_mm, __pa(pmd_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
  78                set_pgd(pgd, __pgd(__pa(pmd_table) | _PAGE_PRESENT));
  79                pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
  80                BUG_ON(pmd_table != pmd_offset(pud, 0));
  81
  82                return pmd_table;
  83        }
  84#endif
  85        pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
  86        pmd_table = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
  87
  88        return pmd_table;
  89}
  90
  91/*
  92 * Create a page table and place a pointer to it in a middle page
  93 * directory entry:
  94 */
  95static pte_t * __init one_page_table_init(pmd_t *pmd)
  96{
  97        if (!(pmd_val(*pmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
  98                pte_t *page_table = (pte_t *)alloc_low_page();
  99
 100                paravirt_alloc_pte(&init_mm, __pa(page_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 101                set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(page_table) | _PAGE_TABLE));
 102                BUG_ON(page_table != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0));
 103        }
 104
 105        return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0);
 106}
 107
 108pmd_t * __init populate_extra_pmd(unsigned long vaddr)
 109{
 110        int pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
 111        int pmd_idx = pmd_index(vaddr);
 112
 113        return one_md_table_init(swapper_pg_dir + pgd_idx) + pmd_idx;
 114}
 115
 116pte_t * __init populate_extra_pte(unsigned long vaddr)
 117{
 118        int pte_idx = pte_index(vaddr);
 119        pmd_t *pmd;
 120
 121        pmd = populate_extra_pmd(vaddr);
 122        return one_page_table_init(pmd) + pte_idx;
 123}
 124
 125static unsigned long __init
 126page_table_range_init_count(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 127{
 128        unsigned long count = 0;
 129#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 130        int pmd_idx_kmap_begin = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_END) >> PMD_SHIFT;
 131        int pmd_idx_kmap_end = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN) >> PMD_SHIFT;
 132        int pgd_idx, pmd_idx;
 133        unsigned long vaddr;
 134
 135        if (pmd_idx_kmap_begin == pmd_idx_kmap_end)
 136                return 0;
 137
 138        vaddr = start;
 139        pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
 140
 141        for ( ; (pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD) && (vaddr != end); pgd_idx++) {
 142                for (; (pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD) && (vaddr != end);
 143                                                        pmd_idx++) {
 144                        if ((vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) >= pmd_idx_kmap_begin &&
 145                            (vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) <= pmd_idx_kmap_end)
 146                                count++;
 147                        vaddr += PMD_SIZE;
 148                }
 149                pmd_idx = 0;
 150        }
 151#endif
 152        return count;
 153}
 154
 155static pte_t *__init page_table_kmap_check(pte_t *pte, pmd_t *pmd,
 156                                           unsigned long vaddr, pte_t *lastpte,
 157                                           void **adr)
 158{
 159#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 160        /*
 161         * Something (early fixmap) may already have put a pte
 162         * page here, which causes the page table allocation
 163         * to become nonlinear. Attempt to fix it, and if it
 164         * is still nonlinear then we have to bug.
 165         */
 166        int pmd_idx_kmap_begin = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_END) >> PMD_SHIFT;
 167        int pmd_idx_kmap_end = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN) >> PMD_SHIFT;
 168
 169        if (pmd_idx_kmap_begin != pmd_idx_kmap_end
 170            && (vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) >= pmd_idx_kmap_begin
 171            && (vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) <= pmd_idx_kmap_end) {
 172                pte_t *newpte;
 173                int i;
 174
 175                BUG_ON(after_bootmem);
 176                newpte = *adr;
 177                for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++)
 178                        set_pte(newpte + i, pte[i]);
 179                *adr = (void *)(((unsigned long)(*adr)) + PAGE_SIZE);
 180
 181                paravirt_alloc_pte(&init_mm, __pa(newpte) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 182                set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(newpte)|_PAGE_TABLE));
 183                BUG_ON(newpte != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0));
 184                __flush_tlb_all();
 185
 186                paravirt_release_pte(__pa(pte) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 187                pte = newpte;
 188        }
 189        BUG_ON(vaddr < fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN - 1)
 190               && vaddr > fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_END)
 191               && lastpte && lastpte + PTRS_PER_PTE != pte);
 192#endif
 193        return pte;
 194}
 195
 196/*
 197 * This function initializes a certain range of kernel virtual memory
 198 * with new bootmem page tables, everywhere page tables are missing in
 199 * the given range.
 200 *
 201 * NOTE: The pagetables are allocated contiguous on the physical space
 202 * so we can cache the place of the first one and move around without
 203 * checking the pgd every time.
 204 */
 205static void __init
 206page_table_range_init(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, pgd_t *pgd_base)
 207{
 208        int pgd_idx, pmd_idx;
 209        unsigned long vaddr;
 210        pgd_t *pgd;
 211        pmd_t *pmd;
 212        pte_t *pte = NULL;
 213        unsigned long count = page_table_range_init_count(start, end);
 214        void *adr = NULL;
 215
 216        if (count)
 217                adr = alloc_low_pages(count);
 218
 219        vaddr = start;
 220        pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
 221        pmd_idx = pmd_index(vaddr);
 222        pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
 223
 224        for ( ; (pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD) && (vaddr != end); pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
 225                pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
 226                pmd = pmd + pmd_index(vaddr);
 227                for (; (pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD) && (vaddr != end);
 228                                                        pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
 229                        pte = page_table_kmap_check(one_page_table_init(pmd),
 230                                                    pmd, vaddr, pte, &adr);
 231
 232                        vaddr += PMD_SIZE;
 233                }
 234                pmd_idx = 0;
 235        }
 236}
 237
 238static inline int is_kernel_text(unsigned long addr)
 239{
 240        if (addr >= (unsigned long)_text && addr <= (unsigned long)__init_end)
 241                return 1;
 242        return 0;
 243}
 244
 245/*
 246 * This maps the physical memory to kernel virtual address space, a total
 247 * of max_low_pfn pages, by creating page tables starting from address
 248 * PAGE_OFFSET:
 249 */
 250unsigned long __init
 251kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start,
 252                             unsigned long end,
 253                             unsigned long page_size_mask)
 254{
 255        int use_pse = page_size_mask == (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M);
 256        unsigned long last_map_addr = end;
 257        unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
 258        pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
 259        int pgd_idx, pmd_idx, pte_ofs;
 260        unsigned long pfn;
 261        pgd_t *pgd;
 262        pmd_t *pmd;
 263        pte_t *pte;
 264        unsigned pages_2m, pages_4k;
 265        int mapping_iter;
 266
 267        start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 268        end_pfn = end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 269
 270        /*
 271         * First iteration will setup identity mapping using large/small pages
 272         * based on use_pse, with other attributes same as set by
 273         * the early code in head_32.S
 274         *
 275         * Second iteration will setup the appropriate attributes (NX, GLOBAL..)
 276         * as desired for the kernel identity mapping.
 277         *
 278         * This two pass mechanism conforms to the TLB app note which says:
 279         *
 280         *     "Software should not write to a paging-structure entry in a way
 281         *      that would change, for any linear address, both the page size
 282         *      and either the page frame or attributes."
 283         */
 284        mapping_iter = 1;
 285
 286        if (!cpu_has_pse)
 287                use_pse = 0;
 288
 289repeat:
 290        pages_2m = pages_4k = 0;
 291        pfn = start_pfn;
 292        pgd_idx = pgd_index((pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_OFFSET);
 293        pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
 294        for (; pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD; pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
 295                pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
 296
 297                if (pfn >= end_pfn)
 298                        continue;
 299#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
 300                pmd_idx = pmd_index((pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_OFFSET);
 301                pmd += pmd_idx;
 302#else
 303                pmd_idx = 0;
 304#endif
 305                for (; pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD && pfn < end_pfn;
 306                     pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
 307                        unsigned int addr = pfn * PAGE_SIZE + PAGE_OFFSET;
 308
 309                        /*
 310                         * Map with big pages if possible, otherwise
 311                         * create normal page tables:
 312                         */
 313                        if (use_pse) {
 314                                unsigned int addr2;
 315                                pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE;
 316                                /*
 317                                 * first pass will use the same initial
 318                                 * identity mapping attribute + _PAGE_PSE.
 319                                 */
 320                                pgprot_t init_prot =
 321                                        __pgprot(PTE_IDENT_ATTR |
 322                                                 _PAGE_PSE);
 323
 324                                pfn &= PMD_MASK >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 325                                addr2 = (pfn + PTRS_PER_PTE-1) * PAGE_SIZE +
 326                                        PAGE_OFFSET + PAGE_SIZE-1;
 327
 328                                if (is_kernel_text(addr) ||
 329                                    is_kernel_text(addr2))
 330                                        prot = PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC;
 331
 332                                pages_2m++;
 333                                if (mapping_iter == 1)
 334                                        set_pmd(pmd, pfn_pmd(pfn, init_prot));
 335                                else
 336                                        set_pmd(pmd, pfn_pmd(pfn, prot));
 337
 338                                pfn += PTRS_PER_PTE;
 339                                continue;
 340                        }
 341                        pte = one_page_table_init(pmd);
 342
 343                        pte_ofs = pte_index((pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_OFFSET);
 344                        pte += pte_ofs;
 345                        for (; pte_ofs < PTRS_PER_PTE && pfn < end_pfn;
 346                             pte++, pfn++, pte_ofs++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
 347                                pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
 348                                /*
 349                                 * first pass will use the same initial
 350                                 * identity mapping attribute.
 351                                 */
 352                                pgprot_t init_prot = __pgprot(PTE_IDENT_ATTR);
 353
 354                                if (is_kernel_text(addr))
 355                                        prot = PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
 356
 357                                pages_4k++;
 358                                if (mapping_iter == 1) {
 359                                        set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, init_prot));
 360                                        last_map_addr = (pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_SIZE;
 361                                } else
 362                                        set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, prot));
 363                        }
 364                }
 365        }
 366        if (mapping_iter == 1) {
 367                /*
 368                 * update direct mapping page count only in the first
 369                 * iteration.
 370                 */
 371                update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M, pages_2m);
 372                update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K, pages_4k);
 373
 374                /*
 375                 * local global flush tlb, which will flush the previous
 376                 * mappings present in both small and large page TLB's.
 377                 */
 378                __flush_tlb_all();
 379
 380                /*
 381                 * Second iteration will set the actual desired PTE attributes.
 382                 */
 383                mapping_iter = 2;
 384                goto repeat;
 385        }
 386        return last_map_addr;
 387}
 388
 389pte_t *kmap_pte;
 390pgprot_t kmap_prot;
 391
 392static inline pte_t *kmap_get_fixmap_pte(unsigned long vaddr)
 393{
 394        return pte_offset_kernel(pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset_k(vaddr),
 395                        vaddr), vaddr), vaddr);
 396}
 397
 398static void __init kmap_init(void)
 399{
 400        unsigned long kmap_vstart;
 401
 402        /*
 403         * Cache the first kmap pte:
 404         */
 405        kmap_vstart = __fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN);
 406        kmap_pte = kmap_get_fixmap_pte(kmap_vstart);
 407
 408        kmap_prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
 409}
 410
 411#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 412static void __init permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
 413{
 414        unsigned long vaddr;
 415        pgd_t *pgd;
 416        pud_t *pud;
 417        pmd_t *pmd;
 418        pte_t *pte;
 419
 420        vaddr = PKMAP_BASE;
 421        page_table_range_init(vaddr, vaddr + PAGE_SIZE*LAST_PKMAP, pgd_base);
 422
 423        pgd = swapper_pg_dir + pgd_index(vaddr);
 424        pud = pud_offset(pgd, vaddr);
 425        pmd = pmd_offset(pud, vaddr);
 426        pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, vaddr);
 427        pkmap_page_table = pte;
 428}
 429
 430void __init add_highpages_with_active_regions(int nid,
 431                         unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
 432{
 433        phys_addr_t start, end;
 434        u64 i;
 435
 436        for_each_free_mem_range(i, nid, &start, &end, NULL) {
 437                unsigned long pfn = clamp_t(unsigned long, PFN_UP(start),
 438                                            start_pfn, end_pfn);
 439                unsigned long e_pfn = clamp_t(unsigned long, PFN_DOWN(end),
 440                                              start_pfn, end_pfn);
 441                for ( ; pfn < e_pfn; pfn++)
 442                        if (pfn_valid(pfn))
 443                                free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
 444        }
 445}
 446#else
 447static inline void permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
 448{
 449}
 450#endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
 451
 452void __init native_pagetable_init(void)
 453{
 454        unsigned long pfn, va;
 455        pgd_t *pgd, *base = swapper_pg_dir;
 456        pud_t *pud;
 457        pmd_t *pmd;
 458        pte_t *pte;
 459
 460        /*
 461         * Remove any mappings which extend past the end of physical
 462         * memory from the boot time page table.
 463         * In virtual address space, we should have at least two pages
 464         * from VMALLOC_END to pkmap or fixmap according to VMALLOC_END
 465         * definition. And max_low_pfn is set to VMALLOC_END physical
 466         * address. If initial memory mapping is doing right job, we
 467         * should have pte used near max_low_pfn or one pmd is not present.
 468         */
 469        for (pfn = max_low_pfn; pfn < 1<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT); pfn++) {
 470                va = PAGE_OFFSET + (pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
 471                pgd = base + pgd_index(va);
 472                if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
 473                        break;
 474
 475                pud = pud_offset(pgd, va);
 476                pmd = pmd_offset(pud, va);
 477                if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
 478                        break;
 479
 480                /* should not be large page here */
 481                if (pmd_large(*pmd)) {
 482                        pr_warn("try to clear pte for ram above max_low_pfn: pfn: %lx pmd: %p pmd phys: %lx, but pmd is big page and is not using pte !\n",
 483                                pfn, pmd, __pa(pmd));
 484                        BUG_ON(1);
 485                }
 486
 487                pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, va);
 488                if (!pte_present(*pte))
 489                        break;
 490
 491                printk(KERN_DEBUG "clearing pte for ram above max_low_pfn: pfn: %lx pmd: %p pmd phys: %lx pte: %p pte phys: %lx\n",
 492                                pfn, pmd, __pa(pmd), pte, __pa(pte));
 493                pte_clear(NULL, va, pte);
 494        }
 495        paravirt_alloc_pmd(&init_mm, __pa(base) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 496        paging_init();
 497}
 498
 499/*
 500 * Build a proper pagetable for the kernel mappings.  Up until this
 501 * point, we've been running on some set of pagetables constructed by
 502 * the boot process.
 503 *
 504 * If we're booting on native hardware, this will be a pagetable
 505 * constructed in arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S.  The root of the
 506 * pagetable will be swapper_pg_dir.
 507 *
 508 * If we're booting paravirtualized under a hypervisor, then there are
 509 * more options: we may already be running PAE, and the pagetable may
 510 * or may not be based in swapper_pg_dir.  In any case,
 511 * paravirt_pagetable_init() will set up swapper_pg_dir
 512 * appropriately for the rest of the initialization to work.
 513 *
 514 * In general, pagetable_init() assumes that the pagetable may already
 515 * be partially populated, and so it avoids stomping on any existing
 516 * mappings.
 517 */
 518void __init early_ioremap_page_table_range_init(void)
 519{
 520        pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
 521        unsigned long vaddr, end;
 522
 523        /*
 524         * Fixed mappings, only the page table structure has to be
 525         * created - mappings will be set by set_fixmap():
 526         */
 527        vaddr = __fix_to_virt(__end_of_fixed_addresses - 1) & PMD_MASK;
 528        end = (FIXADDR_TOP + PMD_SIZE - 1) & PMD_MASK;
 529        page_table_range_init(vaddr, end, pgd_base);
 530        early_ioremap_reset();
 531}
 532
 533static void __init pagetable_init(void)
 534{
 535        pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
 536
 537        permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_base);
 538}
 539
 540pteval_t __supported_pte_mask __read_mostly = ~(_PAGE_NX | _PAGE_GLOBAL | _PAGE_IOMAP);
 541EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__supported_pte_mask);
 542
 543/* user-defined highmem size */
 544static unsigned int highmem_pages = -1;
 545
 546/*
 547 * highmem=size forces highmem to be exactly 'size' bytes.
 548 * This works even on boxes that have no highmem otherwise.
 549 * This also works to reduce highmem size on bigger boxes.
 550 */
 551static int __init parse_highmem(char *arg)
 552{
 553        if (!arg)
 554                return -EINVAL;
 555
 556        highmem_pages = memparse(arg, &arg) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 557        return 0;
 558}
 559early_param("highmem", parse_highmem);
 560
 561#define MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_BIG \
 562        "highmem size (%luMB) is bigger than pages available (%luMB)!\n"
 563
 564#define MSG_LOWMEM_TOO_SMALL \
 565        "highmem size (%luMB) results in <64MB lowmem, ignoring it!\n"
 566/*
 567 * All of RAM fits into lowmem - but if user wants highmem
 568 * artificially via the highmem=x boot parameter then create
 569 * it:
 570 */
 571static void __init lowmem_pfn_init(void)
 572{
 573        /* max_low_pfn is 0, we already have early_res support */
 574        max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
 575
 576        if (highmem_pages == -1)
 577                highmem_pages = 0;
 578#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 579        if (highmem_pages >= max_pfn) {
 580                printk(KERN_ERR MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_BIG,
 581                        pages_to_mb(highmem_pages), pages_to_mb(max_pfn));
 582                highmem_pages = 0;
 583        }
 584        if (highmem_pages) {
 585                if (max_low_pfn - highmem_pages < 64*1024*1024/PAGE_SIZE) {
 586                        printk(KERN_ERR MSG_LOWMEM_TOO_SMALL,
 587                                pages_to_mb(highmem_pages));
 588                        highmem_pages = 0;
 589                }
 590                max_low_pfn -= highmem_pages;
 591        }
 592#else
 593        if (highmem_pages)
 594                printk(KERN_ERR "ignoring highmem size on non-highmem kernel!\n");
 595#endif
 596}
 597
 598#define MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_SMALL \
 599        "only %luMB highmem pages available, ignoring highmem size of %luMB!\n"
 600
 601#define MSG_HIGHMEM_TRIMMED \
 602        "Warning: only 4GB will be used. Use a HIGHMEM64G enabled kernel!\n"
 603/*
 604 * We have more RAM than fits into lowmem - we try to put it into
 605 * highmem, also taking the highmem=x boot parameter into account:
 606 */
 607static void __init highmem_pfn_init(void)
 608{
 609        max_low_pfn = MAXMEM_PFN;
 610
 611        if (highmem_pages == -1)
 612                highmem_pages = max_pfn - MAXMEM_PFN;
 613
 614        if (highmem_pages + MAXMEM_PFN < max_pfn)
 615                max_pfn = MAXMEM_PFN + highmem_pages;
 616
 617        if (highmem_pages + MAXMEM_PFN > max_pfn) {
 618                printk(KERN_WARNING MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_SMALL,
 619                        pages_to_mb(max_pfn - MAXMEM_PFN),
 620                        pages_to_mb(highmem_pages));
 621                highmem_pages = 0;
 622        }
 623#ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 624        /* Maximum memory usable is what is directly addressable */
 625        printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning only %ldMB will be used.\n", MAXMEM>>20);
 626        if (max_pfn > MAX_NONPAE_PFN)
 627                printk(KERN_WARNING "Use a HIGHMEM64G enabled kernel.\n");
 628        else
 629                printk(KERN_WARNING "Use a HIGHMEM enabled kernel.\n");
 630        max_pfn = MAXMEM_PFN;
 631#else /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
 632#ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G
 633        if (max_pfn > MAX_NONPAE_PFN) {
 634                max_pfn = MAX_NONPAE_PFN;
 635                printk(KERN_WARNING MSG_HIGHMEM_TRIMMED);
 636        }
 637#endif /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G */
 638#endif /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
 639}
 640
 641/*
 642 * Determine low and high memory ranges:
 643 */
 644void __init find_low_pfn_range(void)
 645{
 646        /* it could update max_pfn */
 647
 648        if (max_pfn <= MAXMEM_PFN)
 649                lowmem_pfn_init();
 650        else
 651                highmem_pfn_init();
 652}
 653
 654#ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
 655void __init initmem_init(void)
 656{
 657#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 658        highstart_pfn = highend_pfn = max_pfn;
 659        if (max_pfn > max_low_pfn)
 660                highstart_pfn = max_low_pfn;
 661        printk(KERN_NOTICE "%ldMB HIGHMEM available.\n",
 662                pages_to_mb(highend_pfn - highstart_pfn));
 663        num_physpages = highend_pfn;
 664        high_memory = (void *) __va(highstart_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
 665#else
 666        num_physpages = max_low_pfn;
 667        high_memory = (void *) __va(max_low_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
 668#endif
 669
 670        memblock_set_node(0, (phys_addr_t)ULLONG_MAX, 0);
 671        sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(0);
 672
 673#ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
 674        max_mapnr = num_physpages;
 675#endif
 676        __vmalloc_start_set = true;
 677
 678        printk(KERN_NOTICE "%ldMB LOWMEM available.\n",
 679                        pages_to_mb(max_low_pfn));
 680
 681        setup_bootmem_allocator();
 682}
 683#endif /* !CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES */
 684
 685void __init setup_bootmem_allocator(void)
 686{
 687        printk(KERN_INFO "  mapped low ram: 0 - %08lx\n",
 688                 max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT);
 689        printk(KERN_INFO "  low ram: 0 - %08lx\n", max_low_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
 690}
 691
 692/*
 693 * paging_init() sets up the page tables - note that the first 8MB are
 694 * already mapped by head.S.
 695 *
 696 * This routines also unmaps the page at virtual kernel address 0, so
 697 * that we can trap those pesky NULL-reference errors in the kernel.
 698 */
 699void __init paging_init(void)
 700{
 701        pagetable_init();
 702
 703        __flush_tlb_all();
 704
 705        kmap_init();
 706
 707        /*
 708         * NOTE: at this point the bootmem allocator is fully available.
 709         */
 710        olpc_dt_build_devicetree();
 711        sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(MAX_NUMNODES);
 712        sparse_init();
 713        zone_sizes_init();
 714}
 715
 716/*
 717 * Test if the WP bit works in supervisor mode. It isn't supported on 386's
 718 * and also on some strange 486's. All 586+'s are OK. This used to involve
 719 * black magic jumps to work around some nasty CPU bugs, but fortunately the
 720 * switch to using exceptions got rid of all that.
 721 */
 722static void __init test_wp_bit(void)
 723{
 724        printk(KERN_INFO
 725  "Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...");
 726
 727        /* Any page-aligned address will do, the test is non-destructive */
 728        __set_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST, __pa(&swapper_pg_dir), PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
 729        boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok = do_test_wp_bit();
 730        clear_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST);
 731
 732        if (!boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok) {
 733                printk(KERN_CONT "No.\n");
 734                panic("Linux doesn't support CPUs with broken WP.");
 735        } else {
 736                printk(KERN_CONT "Ok.\n");
 737        }
 738}
 739
 740void __init mem_init(void)
 741{
 742        int codesize, reservedpages, datasize, initsize;
 743        int tmp;
 744
 745        pci_iommu_alloc();
 746
 747#ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
 748        BUG_ON(!mem_map);
 749#endif
 750        /*
 751         * With CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC initialization of highmem pages has to
 752         * be done before free_all_bootmem(). Memblock use free low memory for
 753         * temporary data (see find_range_array()) and for this purpose can use
 754         * pages that was already passed to the buddy allocator, hence marked as
 755         * not accessible in the page tables when compiled with
 756         * CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC. Otherwise order of initialization is not
 757         * important here.
 758         */
 759        set_highmem_pages_init();
 760
 761        /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
 762        totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
 763
 764        reservedpages = 0;
 765        for (tmp = 0; tmp < max_low_pfn; tmp++)
 766                /*
 767                 * Only count reserved RAM pages:
 768                 */
 769                if (page_is_ram(tmp) && PageReserved(pfn_to_page(tmp)))
 770                        reservedpages++;
 771
 772        after_bootmem = 1;
 773
 774        codesize =  (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_text;
 775        datasize =  (unsigned long) &_edata - (unsigned long) &_etext;
 776        initsize =  (unsigned long) &__init_end - (unsigned long) &__init_begin;
 777
 778        printk(KERN_INFO "Memory: %luk/%luk available (%dk kernel code, "
 779                        "%dk reserved, %dk data, %dk init, %ldk highmem)\n",
 780                nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
 781                num_physpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
 782                codesize >> 10,
 783                reservedpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
 784                datasize >> 10,
 785                initsize >> 10,
 786                totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
 787
 788        printk(KERN_INFO "virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
 789                "    fixmap  : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
 790#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 791                "    pkmap   : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
 792#endif
 793                "    vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld MB)\n"
 794                "    lowmem  : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld MB)\n"
 795                "      .init : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
 796                "      .data : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
 797                "      .text : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n",
 798                FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP,
 799                (FIXADDR_TOP - FIXADDR_START) >> 10,
 800
 801#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 802                PKMAP_BASE, PKMAP_BASE+LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE,
 803                (LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE) >> 10,
 804#endif
 805
 806                VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
 807                (VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START) >> 20,
 808
 809                (unsigned long)__va(0), (unsigned long)high_memory,
 810                ((unsigned long)high_memory - (unsigned long)__va(0)) >> 20,
 811
 812                (unsigned long)&__init_begin, (unsigned long)&__init_end,
 813                ((unsigned long)&__init_end -
 814                 (unsigned long)&__init_begin) >> 10,
 815
 816                (unsigned long)&_etext, (unsigned long)&_edata,
 817                ((unsigned long)&_edata - (unsigned long)&_etext) >> 10,
 818
 819                (unsigned long)&_text, (unsigned long)&_etext,
 820                ((unsigned long)&_etext - (unsigned long)&_text) >> 10);
 821
 822        /*
 823         * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
 824         * be detected at build time already.
 825         */
 826#define __FIXADDR_TOP (-PAGE_SIZE)
 827#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 828        BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE  > FIXADDR_START);
 829        BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END                        > PKMAP_BASE);
 830#endif
 831#define high_memory (-128UL << 20)
 832        BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_START                      >= VMALLOC_END);
 833#undef high_memory
 834#undef __FIXADDR_TOP
 835
 836#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 837        BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE        > FIXADDR_START);
 838        BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END                              > PKMAP_BASE);
 839#endif
 840        BUG_ON(VMALLOC_START                            >= VMALLOC_END);
 841        BUG_ON((unsigned long)high_memory               > VMALLOC_START);
 842
 843        if (boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok < 0)
 844                test_wp_bit();
 845}
 846
 847#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
 848int arch_add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
 849{
 850        struct pglist_data *pgdata = NODE_DATA(nid);
 851        struct zone *zone = pgdata->node_zones + ZONE_HIGHMEM;
 852        unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 853        unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 854
 855        return __add_pages(nid, zone, start_pfn, nr_pages);
 856}
 857
 858#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
 859int arch_remove_memory(u64 start, u64 size)
 860{
 861        unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 862        unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 863        struct zone *zone;
 864
 865        zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn));
 866        return __remove_pages(zone, start_pfn, nr_pages);
 867}
 868#endif
 869#endif
 870
 871/*
 872 * This function cannot be __init, since exceptions don't work in that
 873 * section.  Put this after the callers, so that it cannot be inlined.
 874 */
 875static noinline int do_test_wp_bit(void)
 876{
 877        char tmp_reg;
 878        int flag;
 879
 880        __asm__ __volatile__(
 881                "       movb %0, %1     \n"
 882                "1:     movb %1, %0     \n"
 883                "       xorl %2, %2     \n"
 884                "2:                     \n"
 885                _ASM_EXTABLE(1b,2b)
 886                :"=m" (*(char *)fix_to_virt(FIX_WP_TEST)),
 887                 "=q" (tmp_reg),
 888                 "=r" (flag)
 889                :"2" (1)
 890                :"memory");
 891
 892        return flag;
 893}
 894
 895#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
 896const int rodata_test_data = 0xC3;
 897EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rodata_test_data);
 898
 899int kernel_set_to_readonly __read_mostly;
 900
 901void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
 902{
 903        unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
 904        unsigned long size = PFN_ALIGN(_etext) - start;
 905
 906        if (!kernel_set_to_readonly)
 907                return;
 908
 909        pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read write\n",
 910                 start, start+size);
 911
 912        set_pages_rw(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 913}
 914
 915void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
 916{
 917        unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
 918        unsigned long size = PFN_ALIGN(_etext) - start;
 919
 920        if (!kernel_set_to_readonly)
 921                return;
 922
 923        pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read only\n",
 924                 start, start+size);
 925
 926        set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 927}
 928
 929static void mark_nxdata_nx(void)
 930{
 931        /*
 932         * When this called, init has already been executed and released,
 933         * so everything past _etext should be NX.
 934         */
 935        unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_etext);
 936        /*
 937         * This comes from is_kernel_text upper limit. Also HPAGE where used:
 938         */
 939        unsigned long size = (((unsigned long)__init_end + HPAGE_SIZE) & HPAGE_MASK) - start;
 940
 941        if (__supported_pte_mask & _PAGE_NX)
 942                printk(KERN_INFO "NX-protecting the kernel data: %luk\n", size >> 10);
 943        set_pages_nx(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 944}
 945
 946void mark_rodata_ro(void)
 947{
 948        unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
 949        unsigned long size = PFN_ALIGN(_etext) - start;
 950
 951        set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 952        printk(KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel text: %luk\n",
 953                size >> 10);
 954
 955        kernel_set_to_readonly = 1;
 956
 957#ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
 958        printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: Reverting %lx-%lx\n",
 959                start, start+size);
 960        set_pages_rw(virt_to_page(start), size>>PAGE_SHIFT);
 961
 962        printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: write protecting again\n");
 963        set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size>>PAGE_SHIFT);
 964#endif
 965
 966        start += size;
 967        size = (unsigned long)__end_rodata - start;
 968        set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 969        printk(KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
 970                size >> 10);
 971        rodata_test();
 972
 973#ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
 974        printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start, start + size);
 975        set_pages_rw(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 976
 977        printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: write protecting again\n");
 978        set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 979#endif
 980        mark_nxdata_nx();
 981}
 982#endif
 983
 984