/*
 *  linux/fs/locks.c
 *
 *  Provide support for fcntl()'s F_GETLK, F_SETLK, and F_SETLKW calls.
 *  Doug Evans (dje@spiff.uucp), August 07, 1992
 *
 *  Deadlock detection added.
 *  FIXME: one thing isn't handled yet:
 *      - mandatory locks (requires lots of changes elsewhere)
 *  Kelly Carmichael (kelly@[142.24.8.65]), September 17, 1994.
 *
 *  Miscellaneous edits, and a total rewrite of posix_lock_file() code.
 *  Kai Petzke (wpp@marie.physik.tu-berlin.de), 1994
 *  
 *  Converted file_lock_table to a linked list from an array, which eliminates
 *  the limits on how many active file locks are open.
 *  Chad Page (pageone@netcom.com), November 27, 1994
 * 
 *  Removed dependency on file descriptors. dup()'ed file descriptors now
 *  get the same locks as the original file descriptors, and a close() on
 *  any file descriptor removes ALL the locks on the file for the current
 *  process. Since locks still depend on the process id, locks are inherited
 *  after an exec() but not after a fork(). This agrees with POSIX, and both
 *  BSD and SVR4 practice.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), February 14, 1995
 *
 *  Scrapped free list which is redundant now that we allocate locks
 *  dynamically with kmalloc()/kfree().
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), February 21, 1995
 *
 *  Implemented two lock personalities - FL_FLOCK and FL_POSIX.
 *
 *  FL_POSIX locks are created with calls to fcntl() and lockf() through the
 *  fcntl() system call. They have the semantics described above.
 *
 *  FL_FLOCK locks are created with calls to flock(), through the flock()
 *  system call, which is new. Old C libraries implement flock() via fcntl()
 *  and will continue to use the old, broken implementation.
 *
 *  FL_FLOCK locks follow the 4.4 BSD flock() semantics. They are associated
 *  with a file pointer (filp). As a result they can be shared by a parent
 *  process and its children after a fork(). They are removed when the last
 *  file descriptor referring to the file pointer is closed (unless explicitly
 *  unlocked). 
 *
 *  FL_FLOCK locks never deadlock, an existing lock is always removed before
 *  upgrading from shared to exclusive (or vice versa). When this happens
 *  any processes blocked by the current lock are woken up and allowed to
 *  run before the new lock is applied.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), June 09, 1995
 *
 *  Removed some race conditions in flock_lock_file(), marked other possible
 *  races. Just grep for FIXME to see them. 
 *  Dmitry Gorodchanin (pgmdsg@ibi.com), February 09, 1996.
 *
 *  Addressed Dmitry's concerns. Deadlock checking no longer recursive.
 *  Lock allocation changed to GFP_ATOMIC as we can't afford to sleep
 *  once we've checked for blocking and deadlocking.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), April 03, 1996.
 *
 *  Initial implementation of mandatory locks. SunOS turned out to be
 *  a rotten model, so I implemented the "obvious" semantics.
 *  See 'Documentation/filesystems/mandatory-locking.txt' for details.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), April 06, 1996.
 *
 *  Don't allow mandatory locks on mmap()'ed files. Added simple functions to
 *  check if a file has mandatory locks, used by mmap(), open() and creat() to
 *  see if system call should be rejected. Ref. HP-UX/SunOS/Solaris Reference
 *  Manual, Section 2.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), April 09, 1996.
 *
 *  Tidied up block list handling. Added '/proc/locks' interface.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), April 24, 1996.
 *
 *  Fixed deadlock condition for pathological code that mixes calls to
 *  flock() and fcntl().
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), April 29, 1996.
 *
 *  Allow only one type of locking scheme (FL_POSIX or FL_FLOCK) to be in use
 *  for a given file at a time. Changed the CONFIG_LOCK_MANDATORY scheme to
 *  guarantee sensible behaviour in the case where file system modules might
 *  be compiled with different options than the kernel itself.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), May 15, 1996.
 *
 *  Added a couple of missing wake_up() calls. Thanks to Thomas Meckel
 *  (Thomas.Meckel@mni.fh-giessen.de) for spotting this.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), May 15, 1996.
 *
 *  Changed FL_POSIX locks to use the block list in the same way as FL_FLOCK
 *  locks. Changed process synchronisation to avoid dereferencing locks that
 *  have already been freed.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), Sep 21, 1996.
 *
 *  Made the block list a circular list to minimise searching in the list.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), Sep 25, 1996.
 *
 *  Made mandatory locking a mount option. Default is not to allow mandatory
 *  locking.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), Oct 04, 1996.
 *
 *  Some adaptations for NFS support.
 *  Olaf Kirch (okir@monad.swb.de), Dec 1996,
 *
 *  Fixed /proc/locks interface so that we can't overrun the buffer we are handed.
 *  Andy Walker (andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no), May 12, 1997.
 *
 *  Use slab allocator instead of kmalloc/kfree.
 *  Use generic list implementation from <linux/list.h>.
 *  Sped up posix_locks_deadlock by only considering blocked locks.
 *  Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org>, March, 2000.
 *
 *  Leases and LOCK_MAND
 *  Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org>, June, 2000.
 *  Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>, June, 2000.
 */

#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fdtable.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#define IS_POSIX(fl)    (fl->fl_flags & FL_POSIX)
#define IS_FLOCK(fl)    (fl->fl_flags & FL_FLOCK)
#define IS_LEASE(fl)    (fl->fl_flags & FL_LEASE)

static bool lease_breaking(struct file_lock *fl)
{
        return fl->fl_flags & (FL_UNLOCK_PENDING | FL_DOWNGRADE_PENDING);
}

static int target_leasetype(struct file_lock *fl)
{
        if (fl->fl_flags & FL_UNLOCK_PENDING)
                return F_UNLCK;
        if (fl->fl_flags & FL_DOWNGRADE_PENDING)
                return F_RDLCK;
        return fl->fl_type;
}

int leases_enable = 1;
int lease_break_time = 45;

#define for_each_lock(inode, lockp) \
        for (lockp = &inode->i_flock; *lockp != NULL; lockp = &(*lockp)->fl_next)

static LIST_HEAD(file_lock_list);
static LIST_HEAD(blocked_list);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(file_lock_lock);

/*
 * Protects the two list heads above, plus the inode->i_flock list
 */
void lock_flocks(void)
{
        spin_lock(&file_lock_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lock_flocks);

void unlock_flocks(void)
{
        spin_unlock(&file_lock_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unlock_flocks);

static struct kmem_cache *filelock_cache __read_mostly;

static void locks_init_lock_heads(struct file_lock *fl)
{
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fl->fl_link);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fl->fl_block);
        init_waitqueue_head(&fl->fl_wait);
}

/* Allocate an empty lock structure. */
struct file_lock *locks_alloc_lock(void)
{
        struct file_lock *fl = kmem_cache_zalloc(filelock_cache, GFP_KERNEL);

        if (fl)
                locks_init_lock_heads(fl);

        return fl;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(locks_alloc_lock);

void locks_release_private(struct file_lock *fl)
{
        if (fl->fl_ops) {
                if (fl->fl_ops->fl_release_private)
                        fl->fl_ops->fl_release_private(fl);
                fl->fl_ops = NULL;
        }
        fl->fl_lmops = NULL;

}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(locks_release_private);

/* Free a lock which is not in use. */
void locks_free_lock(struct file_lock *fl)
{
        BUG_ON(waitqueue_active(&fl->fl_wait));
        BUG_ON(!list_empty(&fl->fl_block));
        BUG_ON(!list_empty(&fl->fl_link));

        locks_release_private(fl);
        kmem_cache_free(filelock_cache, fl);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(locks_free_lock);

void locks_init_lock(struct file_lock *fl)
{
        memset(fl, 0, sizeof(struct file_lock));
        locks_init_lock_heads(fl);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(locks_init_lock);

static void locks_copy_private(struct file_lock *new, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        if (fl->fl_ops) {
                if (fl->fl_ops->fl_copy_lock)
                        fl->fl_ops->fl_copy_lock(new, fl);
                new->fl_ops = fl->fl_ops;
        }
        if (fl->fl_lmops)
                new->fl_lmops = fl->fl_lmops;
}

/*
 * Initialize a new lock from an existing file_lock structure.
 */
void __locks_copy_lock(struct file_lock *new, const struct file_lock *fl)
{
        new->fl_owner = fl->fl_owner;
        new->fl_pid = fl->fl_pid;
        new->fl_file = NULL;
        new->fl_flags = fl->fl_flags;
        new->fl_type = fl->fl_type;
        new->fl_start = fl->fl_start;
        new->fl_end = fl->fl_end;
        new->fl_ops = NULL;
        new->fl_lmops = NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__locks_copy_lock);

void locks_copy_lock(struct file_lock *new, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        locks_release_private(new);

        __locks_copy_lock(new, fl);
        new->fl_file = fl->fl_file;
        new->fl_ops = fl->fl_ops;
        new->fl_lmops = fl->fl_lmops;

        locks_copy_private(new, fl);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(locks_copy_lock);

static inline int flock_translate_cmd(int cmd) {
        if (cmd & LOCK_MAND)
                return cmd & (LOCK_MAND | LOCK_RW);
        switch (cmd) {
        case LOCK_SH:
                return F_RDLCK;
        case LOCK_EX:
                return F_WRLCK;
        case LOCK_UN:
                return F_UNLCK;
        }
        return -EINVAL;
}

/* Fill in a file_lock structure with an appropriate FLOCK lock. */
static int flock_make_lock(struct file *filp, struct file_lock **lock,
                unsigned int cmd)
{
        struct file_lock *fl;
        int type = flock_translate_cmd(cmd);
        if (type < 0)
                return type;
        
        fl = locks_alloc_lock();
        if (fl == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;

        fl->fl_file = filp;
        fl->fl_pid = current->tgid;
        fl->fl_flags = FL_FLOCK;
        fl->fl_type = type;
        fl->fl_end = OFFSET_MAX;
        
        *lock = fl;
        return 0;
}

static int assign_type(struct file_lock *fl, long type)
{
        switch (type) {
        case F_RDLCK:
        case F_WRLCK:
        case F_UNLCK:
                fl->fl_type = type;
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

/* Verify a "struct flock" and copy it to a "struct file_lock" as a POSIX
 * style lock.
 */
static int flock_to_posix_lock(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl,
                               struct flock *l)
{
        off_t start, end;

        switch (l->l_whence) {
        case SEEK_SET:
                start = 0;
                break;
        case SEEK_CUR:
                start = filp->f_pos;
                break;
        case SEEK_END:
                start = i_size_read(file_inode(filp));
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /* POSIX-1996 leaves the case l->l_len < 0 undefined;
           POSIX-2001 defines it. */
        start += l->l_start;
        if (start < 0)
                return -EINVAL;
        fl->fl_end = OFFSET_MAX;
        if (l->l_len > 0) {
                end = start + l->l_len - 1;
                fl->fl_end = end;
        } else if (l->l_len < 0) {
                end = start - 1;
                fl->fl_end = end;
                start += l->l_len;
                if (start < 0)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        fl->fl_start = start;   /* we record the absolute position */
        if (fl->fl_end < fl->fl_start)
                return -EOVERFLOW;
        
        fl->fl_owner = current->files;
        fl->fl_pid = current->tgid;
        fl->fl_file = filp;
        fl->fl_flags = FL_POSIX;
        fl->fl_ops = NULL;
        fl->fl_lmops = NULL;

        return assign_type(fl, l->l_type);
}

#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
static int flock64_to_posix_lock(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl,
                                 struct flock64 *l)
{
        loff_t start;

        switch (l->l_whence) {
        case SEEK_SET:
                start = 0;
                break;
        case SEEK_CUR:
                start = filp->f_pos;
                break;
        case SEEK_END:
                start = i_size_read(file_inode(filp));
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        start += l->l_start;
        if (start < 0)
                return -EINVAL;
        fl->fl_end = OFFSET_MAX;
        if (l->l_len > 0) {
                fl->fl_end = start + l->l_len - 1;
        } else if (l->l_len < 0) {
                fl->fl_end = start - 1;
                start += l->l_len;
                if (start < 0)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        fl->fl_start = start;   /* we record the absolute position */
        if (fl->fl_end < fl->fl_start)
                return -EOVERFLOW;
        
        fl->fl_owner = current->files;
        fl->fl_pid = current->tgid;
        fl->fl_file = filp;
        fl->fl_flags = FL_POSIX;
        fl->fl_ops = NULL;
        fl->fl_lmops = NULL;

        return assign_type(fl, l->l_type);
}
#endif

/* default lease lock manager operations */
static void lease_break_callback(struct file_lock *fl)
{
        kill_fasync(&fl->fl_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_MSG);
}

static const struct lock_manager_operations lease_manager_ops = {
        .lm_break = lease_break_callback,
        .lm_change = lease_modify,
};

/*
 * Initialize a lease, use the default lock manager operations
 */
static int lease_init(struct file *filp, long type, struct file_lock *fl)
 {
        if (assign_type(fl, type) != 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        fl->fl_owner = current->files;
        fl->fl_pid = current->tgid;

        fl->fl_file = filp;
        fl->fl_flags = FL_LEASE;
        fl->fl_start = 0;
        fl->fl_end = OFFSET_MAX;
        fl->fl_ops = NULL;
        fl->fl_lmops = &lease_manager_ops;
        return 0;
}

/* Allocate a file_lock initialised to this type of lease */
static struct file_lock *lease_alloc(struct file *filp, long type)
{
        struct file_lock *fl = locks_alloc_lock();
        int error = -ENOMEM;

        if (fl == NULL)
                return ERR_PTR(error);

        error = lease_init(filp, type, fl);
        if (error) {
                locks_free_lock(fl);
                return ERR_PTR(error);
        }
        return fl;
}

/* Check if two locks overlap each other.
 */
static inline int locks_overlap(struct file_lock *fl1, struct file_lock *fl2)
{
        return ((fl1->fl_end >= fl2->fl_start) &&
                (fl2->fl_end >= fl1->fl_start));
}

/*
 * Check whether two locks have the same owner.
 */
static int posix_same_owner(struct file_lock *fl1, struct file_lock *fl2)
{
        if (fl1->fl_lmops && fl1->fl_lmops->lm_compare_owner)
                return fl2->fl_lmops == fl1->fl_lmops &&
                        fl1->fl_lmops->lm_compare_owner(fl1, fl2);
        return fl1->fl_owner == fl2->fl_owner;
}

/* Remove waiter from blocker's block list.
 * When blocker ends up pointing to itself then the list is empty.
 */
static void __locks_delete_block(struct file_lock *waiter)
{
        list_del_init(&waiter->fl_block);
        list_del_init(&waiter->fl_link);
        waiter->fl_next = NULL;
}

/*
 */
void locks_delete_block(struct file_lock *waiter)
{
        lock_flocks();
        __locks_delete_block(waiter);
        unlock_flocks();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(locks_delete_block);

/* Insert waiter into blocker's block list.
 * We use a circular list so that processes can be easily woken up in
 * the order they blocked. The documentation doesn't require this but
 * it seems like the reasonable thing to do.
 */
static void locks_insert_block(struct file_lock *blocker, 
                               struct file_lock *waiter)
{
        BUG_ON(!list_empty(&waiter->fl_block));
        list_add_tail(&waiter->fl_block, &blocker->fl_block);
        waiter->fl_next = blocker;
        if (IS_POSIX(blocker))
                list_add(&waiter->fl_link, &blocked_list);
}

/* Wake up processes blocked waiting for blocker.
 * If told to wait then schedule the processes until the block list
 * is empty, otherwise empty the block list ourselves.
 */
static void locks_wake_up_blocks(struct file_lock *blocker)
{
        while (!list_empty(&blocker->fl_block)) {
                struct file_lock *waiter;

                waiter = list_first_entry(&blocker->fl_block,
                                struct file_lock, fl_block);
                __locks_delete_block(waiter);
                if (waiter->fl_lmops && waiter->fl_lmops->lm_notify)
                        waiter->fl_lmops->lm_notify(waiter);
                else
                        wake_up(&waiter->fl_wait);
        }
}

/* Insert file lock fl into an inode's lock list at the position indicated
 * by pos. At the same time add the lock to the global file lock list.
 */
static void locks_insert_lock(struct file_lock **pos, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        list_add(&fl->fl_link, &file_lock_list);

        fl->fl_nspid = get_pid(task_tgid(current));

        /* insert into file's list */
        fl->fl_next = *pos;
        *pos = fl;
}

/*
 * Delete a lock and then free it.
 * Wake up processes that are blocked waiting for this lock,
 * notify the FS that the lock has been cleared and
 * finally free the lock.
 */
static void locks_delete_lock(struct file_lock **thisfl_p)
{
        struct file_lock *fl = *thisfl_p;

        *thisfl_p = fl->fl_next;
        fl->fl_next = NULL;
        list_del_init(&fl->fl_link);

        if (fl->fl_nspid) {
                put_pid(fl->fl_nspid);
                fl->fl_nspid = NULL;
        }

        locks_wake_up_blocks(fl);
        locks_free_lock(fl);
}

/* Determine if lock sys_fl blocks lock caller_fl. Common functionality
 * checks for shared/exclusive status of overlapping locks.
 */
static int locks_conflict(struct file_lock *caller_fl, struct file_lock *sys_fl)
{
        if (sys_fl->fl_type == F_WRLCK)
                return 1;
        if (caller_fl->fl_type == F_WRLCK)
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

/* Determine if lock sys_fl blocks lock caller_fl. POSIX specific
 * checking before calling the locks_conflict().
 */
static int posix_locks_conflict(struct file_lock *caller_fl, struct file_lock *sys_fl)
{
        /* POSIX locks owned by the same process do not conflict with
         * each other.
         */
        if (!IS_POSIX(sys_fl) || posix_same_owner(caller_fl, sys_fl))
                return (0);

        /* Check whether they overlap */
        if (!locks_overlap(caller_fl, sys_fl))
                return 0;

        return (locks_conflict(caller_fl, sys_fl));
}

/* Determine if lock sys_fl blocks lock caller_fl. FLOCK specific
 * checking before calling the locks_conflict().
 */
static int flock_locks_conflict(struct file_lock *caller_fl, struct file_lock *sys_fl)
{
        /* FLOCK locks referring to the same filp do not conflict with
         * each other.
         */
        if (!IS_FLOCK(sys_fl) || (caller_fl->fl_file == sys_fl->fl_file))
                return (0);
        if ((caller_fl->fl_type & LOCK_MAND) || (sys_fl->fl_type & LOCK_MAND))
                return 0;

        return (locks_conflict(caller_fl, sys_fl));
}

void
posix_test_lock(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        struct file_lock *cfl;

        lock_flocks();
        for (cfl = file_inode(filp)->i_flock; cfl; cfl = cfl->fl_next) {
                if (!IS_POSIX(cfl))
                        continue;
                if (posix_locks_conflict(fl, cfl))
                        break;
        }
        if (cfl) {
                __locks_copy_lock(fl, cfl);
                if (cfl->fl_nspid)
                        fl->fl_pid = pid_vnr(cfl->fl_nspid);
        } else
                fl->fl_type = F_UNLCK;
        unlock_flocks();
        return;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(posix_test_lock);

/*
 * Deadlock detection:
 *
 * We attempt to detect deadlocks that are due purely to posix file
 * locks.
 *
 * We assume that a task can be waiting for at most one lock at a time.
 * So for any acquired lock, the process holding that lock may be
 * waiting on at most one other lock.  That lock in turns may be held by
 * someone waiting for at most one other lock.  Given a requested lock
 * caller_fl which is about to wait for a conflicting lock block_fl, we
 * follow this chain of waiters to ensure we are not about to create a
 * cycle.
 *
 * Since we do this before we ever put a process to sleep on a lock, we
 * are ensured that there is never a cycle; that is what guarantees that
 * the while() loop in posix_locks_deadlock() eventually completes.
 *
 * Note: the above assumption may not be true when handling lock
 * requests from a broken NFS client. It may also fail in the presence
 * of tasks (such as posix threads) sharing the same open file table.
 *
 * To handle those cases, we just bail out after a few iterations.
 */

#define MAX_DEADLK_ITERATIONS 10

/* Find a lock that the owner of the given block_fl is blocking on. */
static struct file_lock *what_owner_is_waiting_for(struct file_lock *block_fl)
{
        struct file_lock *fl;

        list_for_each_entry(fl, &blocked_list, fl_link) {
                if (posix_same_owner(fl, block_fl))
                        return fl->fl_next;
        }
        return NULL;
}

static int posix_locks_deadlock(struct file_lock *caller_fl,
                                struct file_lock *block_fl)
{
        int i = 0;

        while ((block_fl = what_owner_is_waiting_for(block_fl))) {
                if (i++ > MAX_DEADLK_ITERATIONS)
                        return 0;
                if (posix_same_owner(caller_fl, block_fl))
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

/* Try to create a FLOCK lock on filp. We always insert new FLOCK locks
 * after any leases, but before any posix locks.
 *
 * Note that if called with an FL_EXISTS argument, the caller may determine
 * whether or not a lock was successfully freed by testing the return
 * value for -ENOENT.
 */
static int flock_lock_file(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *request)
{
        struct file_lock *new_fl = NULL;
        struct file_lock **before;
        struct inode * inode = file_inode(filp);
        int error = 0;
        int found = 0;

        if (!(request->fl_flags & FL_ACCESS) && (request->fl_type != F_UNLCK)) {
                new_fl = locks_alloc_lock();
                if (!new_fl)
                        return -ENOMEM;
        }

        lock_flocks();
        if (request->fl_flags & FL_ACCESS)
                goto find_conflict;

        for_each_lock(inode, before) {
                struct file_lock *fl = *before;
                if (IS_POSIX(fl))
                        break;
                if (IS_LEASE(fl))
                        continue;
                if (filp != fl->fl_file)
                        continue;
                if (request->fl_type == fl->fl_type)
                        goto out;
                found = 1;
                locks_delete_lock(before);
                break;
        }

        if (request->fl_type == F_UNLCK) {
                if ((request->fl_flags & FL_EXISTS) && !found)
                        error = -ENOENT;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * If a higher-priority process was blocked on the old file lock,
         * give it the opportunity to lock the file.
         */
        if (found) {
                unlock_flocks();
                cond_resched();
                lock_flocks();
        }

find_conflict:
        for_each_lock(inode, before) {
                struct file_lock *fl = *before;
                if (IS_POSIX(fl))
                        break;
                if (IS_LEASE(fl))
                        continue;
                if (!flock_locks_conflict(request, fl))
                        continue;
                error = -EAGAIN;
                if (!(request->fl_flags & FL_SLEEP))
                        goto out;
                error = FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED;
                locks_insert_block(fl, request);
                goto out;
        }
        if (request->fl_flags & FL_ACCESS)
                goto out;
        locks_copy_lock(new_fl, request);
        locks_insert_lock(before, new_fl);
        new_fl = NULL;
        error = 0;

out:
        unlock_flocks();
        if (new_fl)
                locks_free_lock(new_fl);
        return error;
}

static int __posix_lock_file(struct inode *inode, struct file_lock *request, struct file_lock *conflock)
{
        struct file_lock *fl;
        struct file_lock *new_fl = NULL;
        struct file_lock *new_fl2 = NULL;
        struct file_lock *left = NULL;
        struct file_lock *right = NULL;
        struct file_lock **before;
        int error, added = 0;

        /*
         * We may need two file_lock structures for this operation,
         * so we get them in advance to avoid races.
         *
         * In some cases we can be sure, that no new locks will be needed
         */
        if (!(request->fl_flags & FL_ACCESS) &&
            (request->fl_type != F_UNLCK ||
             request->fl_start != 0 || request->fl_end != OFFSET_MAX)) {
                new_fl = locks_alloc_lock();
                new_fl2 = locks_alloc_lock();
        }

        lock_flocks();
        if (request->fl_type != F_UNLCK) {
                for_each_lock(inode, before) {
                        fl = *before;
                        if (!IS_POSIX(fl))
                                continue;
                        if (!posix_locks_conflict(request, fl))
                                continue;
                        if (conflock)
                                __locks_copy_lock(conflock, fl);
                        error = -EAGAIN;
                        if (!(request->fl_flags & FL_SLEEP))
                                goto out;
                        error = -EDEADLK;
                        if (posix_locks_deadlock(request, fl))
                                goto out;
                        error = FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED;
                        locks_insert_block(fl, request);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        /* If we're just looking for a conflict, we're done. */
        error = 0;
        if (request->fl_flags & FL_ACCESS)
                goto out;

        /*
         * Find the first old lock with the same owner as the new lock.
         */
        
        before = &inode->i_flock;

        /* First skip locks owned by other processes.  */
        while ((fl = *before) && (!IS_POSIX(fl) ||
                                  !posix_same_owner(request, fl))) {
                before = &fl->fl_next;
        }

        /* Process locks with this owner.  */
        while ((fl = *before) && posix_same_owner(request, fl)) {
                /* Detect adjacent or overlapping regions (if same lock type)
                 */
                if (request->fl_type == fl->fl_type) {
                        /* In all comparisons of start vs end, use
                         * "start - 1" rather than "end + 1". If end
                         * is OFFSET_MAX, end + 1 will become negative.
                         */
                        if (fl->fl_end < request->fl_start - 1)
                                goto next_lock;
                        /* If the next lock in the list has entirely bigger
                         * addresses than the new one, insert the lock here.
                         */
                        if (fl->fl_start - 1 > request->fl_end)
                                break;

                        /* If we come here, the new and old lock are of the
                         * same type and adjacent or overlapping. Make one
                         * lock yielding from the lower start address of both
                         * locks to the higher end address.
                         */
                        if (fl->fl_start > request->fl_start)
                                fl->fl_start = request->fl_start;
                        else
                                request->fl_start = fl->fl_start;
                        if (fl->fl_end < request->fl_end)
                                fl->fl_end = request->fl_end;
                        else
                                request->fl_end = fl->fl_end;
                        if (added) {
                                locks_delete_lock(before);
                                continue;
                        }
                        request = fl;
                        added = 1;
                }
                else {
                        /* Processing for different lock types is a bit
                         * more complex.
                         */
                        if (fl->fl_end < request->fl_start)
                                goto next_lock;
                        if (fl->fl_start > request->fl_end)
                                break;
                        if (request->fl_type == F_UNLCK)
                                added = 1;
                        if (fl->fl_start < request->fl_start)
                                left = fl;
                        /* If the next lock in the list has a higher end
                         * address than the new one, insert the new one here.
                         */
                        if (fl->fl_end > request->fl_end) {
                                right = fl;
                                break;
                        }
                        if (fl->fl_start >= request->fl_start) {
                                /* The new lock completely replaces an old
                                 * one (This may happen several times).
                                 */
                                if (added) {
                                        locks_delete_lock(before);
                                        continue;
                                }
                                /* Replace the old lock with the new one.
                                 * Wake up anybody waiting for the old one,
                                 * as the change in lock type might satisfy
                                 * their needs.
                                 */
                                locks_wake_up_blocks(fl);
                                fl->fl_start = request->fl_start;
                                fl->fl_end = request->fl_end;
                                fl->fl_type = request->fl_type;
                                locks_release_private(fl);
                                locks_copy_private(fl, request);
                                request = fl;
                                added = 1;
                        }
                }
                /* Go on to next lock.
                 */
        next_lock:
                before = &fl->fl_next;
        }

        /*
         * The above code only modifies existing locks in case of
         * merging or replacing.  If new lock(s) need to be inserted
         * all modifications are done bellow this, so it's safe yet to
         * bail out.
         */
        error = -ENOLCK; /* "no luck" */
        if (right && left == right && !new_fl2)
                goto out;

        error = 0;
        if (!added) {
                if (request->fl_type == F_UNLCK) {
                        if (request->fl_flags & FL_EXISTS)
                                error = -ENOENT;
                        goto out;
                }

                if (!new_fl) {
                        error = -ENOLCK;
                        goto out;
                }
                locks_copy_lock(new_fl, request);
                locks_insert_lock(before, new_fl);
                new_fl = NULL;
        }
        if (right) {
                if (left == right) {
                        /* The new lock breaks the old one in two pieces,
                         * so we have to use the second new lock.
                         */
                        left = new_fl2;
                        new_fl2 = NULL;
                        locks_copy_lock(left, right);
                        locks_insert_lock(before, left);
                }
                right->fl_start = request->fl_end + 1;
                locks_wake_up_blocks(right);
        }
        if (left) {
                left->fl_end = request->fl_start - 1;
                locks_wake_up_blocks(left);
        }
 out:
        unlock_flocks();
        /*
         * Free any unused locks.
         */
        if (new_fl)
                locks_free_lock(new_fl);
        if (new_fl2)
                locks_free_lock(new_fl2);
        return error;
}

/**
 * posix_lock_file - Apply a POSIX-style lock to a file
 * @filp: The file to apply the lock to
 * @fl: The lock to be applied
 * @conflock: Place to return a copy of the conflicting lock, if found.
 *
 * Add a POSIX style lock to a file.
 * We merge adjacent & overlapping locks whenever possible.
 * POSIX locks are sorted by owner task, then by starting address
 *
 * Note that if called with an FL_EXISTS argument, the caller may determine
 * whether or not a lock was successfully freed by testing the return
 * value for -ENOENT.

 */
int posix_lock_file(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl,
                        struct file_lock *conflock)
{
        return __posix_lock_file(file_inode(filp), fl, conflock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(posix_lock_file);

/**
 * posix_lock_file_wait - Apply a POSIX-style lock to a file
 * @filp: The file to apply the lock to
 * @fl: The lock to be applied
 *
 * Add a POSIX style lock to a file.
 * We merge adjacent & overlapping locks whenever possible.
 * POSIX locks are sorted by owner task, then by starting address
 */
int posix_lock_file_wait(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        int error;
        might_sleep ();
        for (;;) {
                error = posix_lock_file(filp, fl, NULL);
                if (error != FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED)
                        break;
                error = wait_event_interruptible(fl->fl_wait, !fl->fl_next);
                if (!error)
                        continue;

                locks_delete_block(fl);
                break;
        }
        return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(posix_lock_file_wait);

/**
 * locks_mandatory_locked - Check for an active lock
 * @inode: the file to check
 *
 * Searches the inode's list of locks to find any POSIX locks which conflict.
 * This function is called from locks_verify_locked() only.
 */
int locks_mandatory_locked(struct inode *inode)
{
        fl_owner_t owner = current->files;
        struct file_lock *fl;

        /*
         * Search the lock list for this inode for any POSIX locks.
         */
        lock_flocks();
        for (fl = inode->i_flock; fl != NULL; fl = fl->fl_next) {
                if (!IS_POSIX(fl))
                        continue;
                if (fl->fl_owner != owner)
                        break;
        }
        unlock_flocks();
        return fl ? -EAGAIN : 0;
}

/**
 * locks_mandatory_area - Check for a conflicting lock
 * @read_write: %FLOCK_VERIFY_WRITE for exclusive access, %FLOCK_VERIFY_READ
 *              for shared
 * @inode:      the file to check
 * @filp:       how the file was opened (if it was)
 * @offset:     start of area to check
 * @count:      length of area to check
 *
 * Searches the inode's list of locks to find any POSIX locks which conflict.
 * This function is called from rw_verify_area() and
 * locks_verify_truncate().
 */
int locks_mandatory_area(int read_write, struct inode *inode,
                         struct file *filp, loff_t offset,
                         size_t count)
{
        struct file_lock fl;
        int error;

        locks_init_lock(&fl);
        fl.fl_owner = current->files;
        fl.fl_pid = current->tgid;
        fl.fl_file = filp;
        fl.fl_flags = FL_POSIX | FL_ACCESS;
        if (filp && !(filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK))
                fl.fl_flags |= FL_SLEEP;
        fl.fl_type = (read_write == FLOCK_VERIFY_WRITE) ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK;
        fl.fl_start = offset;
        fl.fl_end = offset + count - 1;

        for (;;) {
                error = __posix_lock_file(inode, &fl, NULL);
                if (error != FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED)
                        break;
                error = wait_event_interruptible(fl.fl_wait, !fl.fl_next);
                if (!error) {
                        /*
                         * If we've been sleeping someone might have
                         * changed the permissions behind our back.
                         */
                        if (__mandatory_lock(inode))
                                continue;
                }

                locks_delete_block(&fl);
                break;
        }

        return error;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(locks_mandatory_area);

static void lease_clear_pending(struct file_lock *fl, int arg)
{
        switch (arg) {
        case F_UNLCK:
                fl->fl_flags &= ~FL_UNLOCK_PENDING;
                /* fall through: */
        case F_RDLCK:
                fl->fl_flags &= ~FL_DOWNGRADE_PENDING;
        }
}

/* We already had a lease on this file; just change its type */
int lease_modify(struct file_lock **before, int arg)
{
        struct file_lock *fl = *before;
        int error = assign_type(fl, arg);

        if (error)
                return error;
        lease_clear_pending(fl, arg);
        locks_wake_up_blocks(fl);
        if (arg == F_UNLCK) {
                struct file *filp = fl->fl_file;

                f_delown(filp);
                filp->f_owner.signum = 0;
                fasync_helper(0, fl->fl_file, 0, &fl->fl_fasync);
                if (fl->fl_fasync != NULL) {
                        printk(KERN_ERR "locks_delete_lock: fasync == %p\n", fl->fl_fasync);
                        fl->fl_fasync = NULL;
                }
                locks_delete_lock(before);
        }
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(lease_modify);

static bool past_time(unsigned long then)
{
        if (!then)
                /* 0 is a special value meaning "this never expires": */
                return false;
        return time_after(jiffies, then);
}

static void time_out_leases(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct file_lock **before;
        struct file_lock *fl;

        before = &inode->i_flock;
        while ((fl = *before) && IS_LEASE(fl) && lease_breaking(fl)) {
                if (past_time(fl->fl_downgrade_time))
                        lease_modify(before, F_RDLCK);
                if (past_time(fl->fl_break_time))
                        lease_modify(before, F_UNLCK);
                if (fl == *before)      /* lease_modify may have freed fl */
                        before = &fl->fl_next;
        }
}

/**
 *      __break_lease   -       revoke all outstanding leases on file
 *      @inode: the inode of the file to return
 *      @mode: the open mode (read or write)
 *
 *      break_lease (inlined for speed) has checked there already is at least
 *      some kind of lock (maybe a lease) on this file.  Leases are broken on
 *      a call to open() or truncate().  This function can sleep unless you
 *      specified %O_NONBLOCK to your open().
 */
int __break_lease(struct inode *inode, unsigned int mode)
{
        int error = 0;
        struct file_lock *new_fl, *flock;
        struct file_lock *fl;
        unsigned long break_time;
        int i_have_this_lease = 0;
        int want_write = (mode & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY;

        new_fl = lease_alloc(NULL, want_write ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK);
        if (IS_ERR(new_fl))
                return PTR_ERR(new_fl);

        lock_flocks();

        time_out_leases(inode);

        flock = inode->i_flock;
        if ((flock == NULL) || !IS_LEASE(flock))
                goto out;

        if (!locks_conflict(flock, new_fl))
                goto out;

        for (fl = flock; fl && IS_LEASE(fl); fl = fl->fl_next)
                if (fl->fl_owner == current->files)
                        i_have_this_lease = 1;

        break_time = 0;
        if (lease_break_time > 0) {
                break_time = jiffies + lease_break_time * HZ;
                if (break_time == 0)
                        break_time++;   /* so that 0 means no break time */
        }

        for (fl = flock; fl && IS_LEASE(fl); fl = fl->fl_next) {
                if (want_write) {
                        if (fl->fl_flags & FL_UNLOCK_PENDING)
                                continue;
                        fl->fl_flags |= FL_UNLOCK_PENDING;
                        fl->fl_break_time = break_time;
                } else {
                        if (lease_breaking(flock))
                                continue;
                        fl->fl_flags |= FL_DOWNGRADE_PENDING;
                        fl->fl_downgrade_time = break_time;
                }
                fl->fl_lmops->lm_break(fl);
        }

        if (i_have_this_lease || (mode & O_NONBLOCK)) {
                error = -EWOULDBLOCK;
                goto out;
        }

restart:
        break_time = flock->fl_break_time;
        if (break_time != 0) {
                break_time -= jiffies;
                if (break_time == 0)
                        break_time++;
        }
        locks_insert_block(flock, new_fl);
        unlock_flocks();
        error = wait_event_interruptible_timeout(new_fl->fl_wait,
                                                !new_fl->fl_next, break_time);
        lock_flocks();
        __locks_delete_block(new_fl);
        if (error >= 0) {
                if (error == 0)
                        time_out_leases(inode);
                /*
                 * Wait for the next conflicting lease that has not been
                 * broken yet
                 */
                for (flock = inode->i_flock; flock && IS_LEASE(flock);
                                flock = flock->fl_next) {
                        if (locks_conflict(new_fl, flock))
                                goto restart;
                }
                error = 0;
        }

out:
        unlock_flocks();
        locks_free_lock(new_fl);
        return error;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__break_lease);

/**
 *      lease_get_mtime - get the last modified time of an inode
 *      @inode: the inode
 *      @time:  pointer to a timespec which will contain the last modified time
 *
 * This is to force NFS clients to flush their caches for files with
 * exclusive leases.  The justification is that if someone has an
 * exclusive lease, then they could be modifying it.
 */
void lease_get_mtime(struct inode *inode, struct timespec *time)
{
        struct file_lock *flock = inode->i_flock;
        if (flock && IS_LEASE(flock) && (flock->fl_type == F_WRLCK))
                *time = current_fs_time(inode->i_sb);
        else
                *time = inode->i_mtime;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(lease_get_mtime);

/**
 *      fcntl_getlease - Enquire what lease is currently active
 *      @filp: the file
 *
 *      The value returned by this function will be one of
 *      (if no lease break is pending):
 *
 *      %F_RDLCK to indicate a shared lease is held.
 *
 *      %F_WRLCK to indicate an exclusive lease is held.
 *
 *      %F_UNLCK to indicate no lease is held.
 *
 *      (if a lease break is pending):
 *
 *      %F_RDLCK to indicate an exclusive lease needs to be
 *              changed to a shared lease (or removed).
 *
 *      %F_UNLCK to indicate the lease needs to be removed.
 *
 *      XXX: sfr & willy disagree over whether F_INPROGRESS
 *      should be returned to userspace.
 */
int fcntl_getlease(struct file *filp)
{
        struct file_lock *fl;
        int type = F_UNLCK;

        lock_flocks();
        time_out_leases(file_inode(filp));
        for (fl = file_inode(filp)->i_flock; fl && IS_LEASE(fl);
                        fl = fl->fl_next) {
                if (fl->fl_file == filp) {
                        type = target_leasetype(fl);
                        break;
                }
        }
        unlock_flocks();
        return type;
}

int generic_add_lease(struct file *filp, long arg, struct file_lock **flp)
{
        struct file_lock *fl, **before, **my_before = NULL, *lease;
        struct dentry *dentry = filp->f_path.dentry;
        struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        int error;

        lease = *flp;

        error = -EAGAIN;
        if ((arg == F_RDLCK) && (atomic_read(&inode->i_writecount) > 0))
                goto out;
        if ((arg == F_WRLCK)
            && ((dentry->d_count > 1)
                || (atomic_read(&inode->i_count) > 1)))
                goto out;

        /*
         * At this point, we know that if there is an exclusive
         * lease on this file, then we hold it on this filp
         * (otherwise our open of this file would have blocked).
         * And if we are trying to acquire an exclusive lease,
         * then the file is not open by anyone (including us)
         * except for this filp.
         */
        error = -EAGAIN;
        for (before = &inode->i_flock;
                        ((fl = *before) != NULL) && IS_LEASE(fl);
                        before = &fl->fl_next) {
                if (fl->fl_file == filp) {
                        my_before = before;
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * No exclusive leases if someone else has a lease on
                 * this file:
                 */
                if (arg == F_WRLCK)
                        goto out;
                /*
                 * Modifying our existing lease is OK, but no getting a
                 * new lease if someone else is opening for write:
                 */
                if (fl->fl_flags & FL_UNLOCK_PENDING)
                        goto out;
        }

        if (my_before != NULL) {
                error = lease->fl_lmops->lm_change(my_before, arg);
                if (!error)
                        *flp = *my_before;
                goto out;
        }

        error = -EINVAL;
        if (!leases_enable)
                goto out;

        locks_insert_lock(before, lease);
        return 0;

out:
        return error;
}

int generic_delete_lease(struct file *filp, struct file_lock **flp)
{
        struct file_lock *fl, **before;
        struct dentry *dentry = filp->f_path.dentry;
        struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;

        for (before = &inode->i_flock;
                        ((fl = *before) != NULL) && IS_LEASE(fl);
                        before = &fl->fl_next) {
                if (fl->fl_file != filp)
                        continue;
                return (*flp)->fl_lmops->lm_change(before, F_UNLCK);
        }
        return -EAGAIN;
}

/**
 *      generic_setlease        -       sets a lease on an open file
 *      @filp: file pointer
 *      @arg: type of lease to obtain
 *      @flp: input - file_lock to use, output - file_lock inserted
 *
 *      The (input) flp->fl_lmops->lm_break function is required
 *      by break_lease().
 *
 *      Called with file_lock_lock held.
 */
int generic_setlease(struct file *filp, long arg, struct file_lock **flp)
{
        struct dentry *dentry = filp->f_path.dentry;
        struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        int error;

        if ((!uid_eq(current_fsuid(), inode->i_uid)) && !capable(CAP_LEASE))
                return -EACCES;
        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                return -EINVAL;
        error = security_file_lock(filp, arg);
        if (error)
                return error;

        time_out_leases(inode);

        BUG_ON(!(*flp)->fl_lmops->lm_break);

        switch (arg) {
        case F_UNLCK:
                return generic_delete_lease(filp, flp);
        case F_RDLCK:
        case F_WRLCK:
                return generic_add_lease(filp, arg, flp);
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_setlease);

static int __vfs_setlease(struct file *filp, long arg, struct file_lock **lease)
{
        if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->setlease)
                return filp->f_op->setlease(filp, arg, lease);
        else
                return generic_setlease(filp, arg, lease);
}

/**
 *      vfs_setlease        -       sets a lease on an open file
 *      @filp: file pointer
 *      @arg: type of lease to obtain
 *      @lease: file_lock to use
 *
 *      Call this to establish a lease on the file.
 *      The (*lease)->fl_lmops->lm_break operation must be set; if not,
 *      break_lease will oops!
 *
 *      This will call the filesystem's setlease file method, if
 *      defined.  Note that there is no getlease method; instead, the
 *      filesystem setlease method should call back to setlease() to
 *      add a lease to the inode's lease list, where fcntl_getlease() can
 *      find it.  Since fcntl_getlease() only reports whether the current
 *      task holds a lease, a cluster filesystem need only do this for
 *      leases held by processes on this node.
 *
 *      There is also no break_lease method; filesystems that
 *      handle their own leases should break leases themselves from the
 *      filesystem's open, create, and (on truncate) setattr methods.
 *
 *      Warning: the only current setlease methods exist only to disable
 *      leases in certain cases.  More vfs changes may be required to
 *      allow a full filesystem lease implementation.
 */

int vfs_setlease(struct file *filp, long arg, struct file_lock **lease)
{
        int error;

        lock_flocks();
        error = __vfs_setlease(filp, arg, lease);
        unlock_flocks();

        return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfs_setlease);

static int do_fcntl_delete_lease(struct file *filp)
{
        struct file_lock fl, *flp = &fl;

        lease_init(filp, F_UNLCK, flp);

        return vfs_setlease(filp, F_UNLCK, &flp);
}

static int do_fcntl_add_lease(unsigned int fd, struct file *filp, long arg)
{
        struct file_lock *fl, *ret;
        struct fasync_struct *new;
        int error;

        fl = lease_alloc(filp, arg);
        if (IS_ERR(fl))
                return PTR_ERR(fl);

        new = fasync_alloc();
        if (!new) {
                locks_free_lock(fl);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        ret = fl;
        lock_flocks();
        error = __vfs_setlease(filp, arg, &ret);
        if (error) {
                unlock_flocks();
                locks_free_lock(fl);
                goto out_free_fasync;
        }
        if (ret != fl)
                locks_free_lock(fl);

        /*
         * fasync_insert_entry() returns the old entry if any.
         * If there was no old entry, then it used 'new' and
         * inserted it into the fasync list. Clear new so that
         * we don't release it here.
         */
        if (!fasync_insert_entry(fd, filp, &ret->fl_fasync, new))
                new = NULL;

        error = __f_setown(filp, task_pid(current), PIDTYPE_PID, 0);
        unlock_flocks();

out_free_fasync:
        if (new)
                fasync_free(new);
        return error;
}

/**
 *      fcntl_setlease  -       sets a lease on an open file
 *      @fd: open file descriptor
 *      @filp: file pointer
 *      @arg: type of lease to obtain
 *
 *      Call this fcntl to establish a lease on the file.
 *      Note that you also need to call %F_SETSIG to
 *      receive a signal when the lease is broken.
 */
int fcntl_setlease(unsigned int fd, struct file *filp, long arg)
{
        if (arg == F_UNLCK)
                return do_fcntl_delete_lease(filp);
        return do_fcntl_add_lease(fd, filp, arg);
}

/**
 * flock_lock_file_wait - Apply a FLOCK-style lock to a file
 * @filp: The file to apply the lock to
 * @fl: The lock to be applied
 *
 * Add a FLOCK style lock to a file.
 */
int flock_lock_file_wait(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        int error;
        might_sleep();
        for (;;) {
                error = flock_lock_file(filp, fl);
                if (error != FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED)
                        break;
                error = wait_event_interruptible(fl->fl_wait, !fl->fl_next);
                if (!error)
                        continue;

                locks_delete_block(fl);
                break;
        }
        return error;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(flock_lock_file_wait);

/**
 *      sys_flock: - flock() system call.
 *      @fd: the file descriptor to lock.
 *      @cmd: the type of lock to apply.
 *
 *      Apply a %FL_FLOCK style lock to an open file descriptor.
 *      The @cmd can be one of
 *
 *      %LOCK_SH -- a shared lock.
 *
 *      %LOCK_EX -- an exclusive lock.
 *
 *      %LOCK_UN -- remove an existing lock.
 *
 *      %LOCK_MAND -- a `mandatory' flock.  This exists to emulate Windows Share Modes.
 *
 *      %LOCK_MAND can be combined with %LOCK_READ or %LOCK_WRITE to allow other
 *      processes read and write access respectively.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(flock, unsigned int, fd, unsigned int, cmd)
{
        struct fd f = fdget(fd);
        struct file_lock *lock;
        int can_sleep, unlock;
        int error;

        error = -EBADF;
        if (!f.file)
                goto out;

        can_sleep = !(cmd & LOCK_NB);
        cmd &= ~LOCK_NB;
        unlock = (cmd == LOCK_UN);

        if (!unlock && !(cmd & LOCK_MAND) &&
            !(f.file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ|FMODE_WRITE)))
                goto out_putf;

        error = flock_make_lock(f.file, &lock, cmd);
        if (error)
                goto out_putf;
        if (can_sleep)
                lock->fl_flags |= FL_SLEEP;

        error = security_file_lock(f.file, lock->fl_type);
        if (error)
                goto out_free;

        if (f.file->f_op && f.file->f_op->flock)
                error = f.file->f_op->flock(f.file,
                                          (can_sleep) ? F_SETLKW : F_SETLK,
                                          lock);
        else
                error = flock_lock_file_wait(f.file, lock);

 out_free:
        locks_free_lock(lock);

 out_putf:
        fdput(f);
 out:
        return error;
}

/**
 * vfs_test_lock - test file byte range lock
 * @filp: The file to test lock for
 * @fl: The lock to test; also used to hold result
 *
 * Returns -ERRNO on failure.  Indicates presence of conflicting lock by
 * setting conf->fl_type to something other than F_UNLCK.
 */
int vfs_test_lock(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->lock)
                return filp->f_op->lock(filp, F_GETLK, fl);
        posix_test_lock(filp, fl);
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfs_test_lock);

static int posix_lock_to_flock(struct flock *flock, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        flock->l_pid = fl->fl_pid;
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
        /*
         * Make sure we can represent the posix lock via
         * legacy 32bit flock.
         */
        if (fl->fl_start > OFFT_OFFSET_MAX)
                return -EOVERFLOW;
        if (fl->fl_end != OFFSET_MAX && fl->fl_end > OFFT_OFFSET_MAX)
                return -EOVERFLOW;
#endif
        flock->l_start = fl->fl_start;
        flock->l_len = fl->fl_end == OFFSET_MAX ? 0 :
                fl->fl_end - fl->fl_start + 1;
        flock->l_whence = 0;
        flock->l_type = fl->fl_type;
        return 0;
}

#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
static void posix_lock_to_flock64(struct flock64 *flock, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        flock->l_pid = fl->fl_pid;
        flock->l_start = fl->fl_start;
        flock->l_len = fl->fl_end == OFFSET_MAX ? 0 :
                fl->fl_end - fl->fl_start + 1;
        flock->l_whence = 0;
        flock->l_type = fl->fl_type;
}
#endif

/* Report the first existing lock that would conflict with l.
 * This implements the F_GETLK command of fcntl().
 */
int fcntl_getlk(struct file *filp, struct flock __user *l)
{
        struct file_lock file_lock;
        struct flock flock;
        int error;

        error = -EFAULT;
        if (copy_from_user(&flock, l, sizeof(flock)))
                goto out;
        error = -EINVAL;
        if ((flock.l_type != F_RDLCK) && (flock.l_type != F_WRLCK))
                goto out;

        error = flock_to_posix_lock(filp, &file_lock, &flock);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        error = vfs_test_lock(filp, &file_lock);
        if (error)
                goto out;
 
        flock.l_type = file_lock.fl_type;
        if (file_lock.fl_type != F_UNLCK) {
                error = posix_lock_to_flock(&flock, &file_lock);
                if (error)
                        goto out;
        }
        error = -EFAULT;
        if (!copy_to_user(l, &flock, sizeof(flock)))
                error = 0;
out:
        return error;
}

/**
 * vfs_lock_file - file byte range lock
 * @filp: The file to apply the lock to
 * @cmd: type of locking operation (F_SETLK, F_GETLK, etc.)
 * @fl: The lock to be applied
 * @conf: Place to return a copy of the conflicting lock, if found.
 *
 * A caller that doesn't care about the conflicting lock may pass NULL
 * as the final argument.
 *
 * If the filesystem defines a private ->lock() method, then @conf will
 * be left unchanged; so a caller that cares should initialize it to
 * some acceptable default.
 *
 * To avoid blocking kernel daemons, such as lockd, that need to acquire POSIX
 * locks, the ->lock() interface may return asynchronously, before the lock has
 * been granted or denied by the underlying filesystem, if (and only if)
 * lm_grant is set. Callers expecting ->lock() to return asynchronously
 * will only use F_SETLK, not F_SETLKW; they will set FL_SLEEP if (and only if)
 * the request is for a blocking lock. When ->lock() does return asynchronously,
 * it must return FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED, and call ->lm_grant() when the lock
 * request completes.
 * If the request is for non-blocking lock the file system should return
 * FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED then try to get the lock and call the callback routine
 * with the result. If the request timed out the callback routine will return a
 * nonzero return code and the file system should release the lock. The file
 * system is also responsible to keep a corresponding posix lock when it
 * grants a lock so the VFS can find out which locks are locally held and do
 * the correct lock cleanup when required.
 * The underlying filesystem must not drop the kernel lock or call
 * ->lm_grant() before returning to the caller with a FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED
 * return code.
 */
int vfs_lock_file(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, struct file_lock *fl, struct file_lock *conf)
{
        if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->lock)
                return filp->f_op->lock(filp, cmd, fl);
        else
                return posix_lock_file(filp, fl, conf);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfs_lock_file);

static int do_lock_file_wait(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
                             struct file_lock *fl)
{
        int error;

        error = security_file_lock(filp, fl->fl_type);
        if (error)
                return error;

        for (;;) {
                error = vfs_lock_file(filp, cmd, fl, NULL);
                if (error != FILE_LOCK_DEFERRED)
                        break;
                error = wait_event_interruptible(fl->fl_wait, !fl->fl_next);
                if (!error)
                        continue;

                locks_delete_block(fl);
                break;
        }

        return error;
}

/* Apply the lock described by l to an open file descriptor.
 * This implements both the F_SETLK and F_SETLKW commands of fcntl().
 */
int fcntl_setlk(unsigned int fd, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
                struct flock __user *l)
{
        struct file_lock *file_lock = locks_alloc_lock();
        struct flock flock;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct file *f;
        int error;

        if (file_lock == NULL)
                return -ENOLCK;

        /*
         * This might block, so we do it before checking the inode.
         */
        error = -EFAULT;
        if (copy_from_user(&flock, l, sizeof(flock)))
                goto out;

        inode = file_inode(filp);

        /* Don't allow mandatory locks on files that may be memory mapped
         * and shared.
         */
        if (mandatory_lock(inode) && mapping_writably_mapped(filp->f_mapping)) {
                error = -EAGAIN;
                goto out;
        }

again:
        error = flock_to_posix_lock(filp, file_lock, &flock);
        if (error)
                goto out;
        if (cmd == F_SETLKW) {
                file_lock->fl_flags |= FL_SLEEP;
        }
        
        error = -EBADF;
        switch (flock.l_type) {
        case F_RDLCK:
                if (!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
                        goto out;
                break;
        case F_WRLCK:
                if (!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
                        goto out;
                break;
        case F_UNLCK:
                break;
        default:
                error = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        error = do_lock_file_wait(filp, cmd, file_lock);

        /*
         * Attempt to detect a close/fcntl race and recover by
         * releasing the lock that was just acquired.
         */
        /*
         * we need that spin_lock here - it prevents reordering between
         * update of inode->i_flock and check for it done in close().
         * rcu_read_lock() wouldn't do.
         */
        spin_lock(&current->files->file_lock);
        f = fcheck(fd);
        spin_unlock(&current->files->file_lock);
        if (!error && f != filp && flock.l_type != F_UNLCK) {
                flock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
                goto again;
        }

out:
        locks_free_lock(file_lock);
        return error;
}

#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
/* Report the first existing lock that would conflict with l.
 * This implements the F_GETLK command of fcntl().
 */
int fcntl_getlk64(struct file *filp, struct flock64 __user *l)
{
        struct file_lock file_lock;
        struct flock64 flock;
        int error;

        error = -EFAULT;
        if (copy_from_user(&flock, l, sizeof(flock)))
                goto out;
        error = -EINVAL;
        if ((flock.l_type != F_RDLCK) && (flock.l_type != F_WRLCK))
                goto out;

        error = flock64_to_posix_lock(filp, &file_lock, &flock);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        error = vfs_test_lock(filp, &file_lock);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        flock.l_type = file_lock.fl_type;
        if (file_lock.fl_type != F_UNLCK)
                posix_lock_to_flock64(&flock, &file_lock);

        error = -EFAULT;
        if (!copy_to_user(l, &flock, sizeof(flock)))
                error = 0;
  
out:
        return error;
}

/* Apply the lock described by l to an open file descriptor.
 * This implements both the F_SETLK and F_SETLKW commands of fcntl().
 */
int fcntl_setlk64(unsigned int fd, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
                struct flock64 __user *l)
{
        struct file_lock *file_lock = locks_alloc_lock();
        struct flock64 flock;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct file *f;
        int error;

        if (file_lock == NULL)
                return -ENOLCK;

        /*
         * This might block, so we do it before checking the inode.
         */
        error = -EFAULT;
        if (copy_from_user(&flock, l, sizeof(flock)))
                goto out;

        inode = file_inode(filp);

        /* Don't allow mandatory locks on files that may be memory mapped
         * and shared.
         */
        if (mandatory_lock(inode) && mapping_writably_mapped(filp->f_mapping)) {
                error = -EAGAIN;
                goto out;
        }

again:
        error = flock64_to_posix_lock(filp, file_lock, &flock);
        if (error)
                goto out;
        if (cmd == F_SETLKW64) {
                file_lock->fl_flags |= FL_SLEEP;
        }
        
        error = -EBADF;
        switch (flock.l_type) {
        case F_RDLCK:
                if (!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
                        goto out;
                break;
        case F_WRLCK:
                if (!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
                        goto out;
                break;
        case F_UNLCK:
                break;
        default:
                error = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        error = do_lock_file_wait(filp, cmd, file_lock);

        /*
         * Attempt to detect a close/fcntl race and recover by
         * releasing the lock that was just acquired.
         */
        spin_lock(&current->files->file_lock);
        f = fcheck(fd);
        spin_unlock(&current->files->file_lock);
        if (!error && f != filp && flock.l_type != F_UNLCK) {
                flock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
                goto again;
        }

out:
        locks_free_lock(file_lock);
        return error;
}
#endif /* BITS_PER_LONG == 32 */

/*
 * This function is called when the file is being removed
 * from the task's fd array.  POSIX locks belonging to this task
 * are deleted at this time.
 */
void locks_remove_posix(struct file *filp, fl_owner_t owner)
{
        struct file_lock lock;

        /*
         * If there are no locks held on this file, we don't need to call
         * posix_lock_file().  Another process could be setting a lock on this
         * file at the same time, but we wouldn't remove that lock anyway.
         */
        if (!file_inode(filp)->i_flock)
                return;

        lock.fl_type = F_UNLCK;
        lock.fl_flags = FL_POSIX | FL_CLOSE;
        lock.fl_start = 0;
        lock.fl_end = OFFSET_MAX;
        lock.fl_owner = owner;
        lock.fl_pid = current->tgid;
        lock.fl_file = filp;
        lock.fl_ops = NULL;
        lock.fl_lmops = NULL;

        vfs_lock_file(filp, F_SETLK, &lock, NULL);

        if (lock.fl_ops && lock.fl_ops->fl_release_private)
                lock.fl_ops->fl_release_private(&lock);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(locks_remove_posix);

/*
 * This function is called on the last close of an open file.
 */
void locks_remove_flock(struct file *filp)
{
        struct inode * inode = file_inode(filp);
        struct file_lock *fl;
        struct file_lock **before;

        if (!inode->i_flock)
                return;

        if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->flock) {
                struct file_lock fl = {
                        .fl_pid = current->tgid,
                        .fl_file = filp,
                        .fl_flags = FL_FLOCK,
                        .fl_type = F_UNLCK,
                        .fl_end = OFFSET_MAX,
                };
                filp->f_op->flock(filp, F_SETLKW, &fl);
                if (fl.fl_ops && fl.fl_ops->fl_release_private)
                        fl.fl_ops->fl_release_private(&fl);
        }

        lock_flocks();
        before = &inode->i_flock;

        while ((fl = *before) != NULL) {
                if (fl->fl_file == filp) {
                        if (IS_FLOCK(fl)) {
                                locks_delete_lock(before);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (IS_LEASE(fl)) {
                                lease_modify(before, F_UNLCK);
                                continue;
                        }
                        /* What? */
                        BUG();
                }
                before = &fl->fl_next;
        }
        unlock_flocks();
}

/**
 *      posix_unblock_lock - stop waiting for a file lock
 *      @filp:   how the file was opened
 *      @waiter: the lock which was waiting
 *
 *      lockd needs to block waiting for locks.
 */
int
posix_unblock_lock(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *waiter)
{
        int status = 0;

        lock_flocks();
        if (waiter->fl_next)
                __locks_delete_block(waiter);
        else
                status = -ENOENT;
        unlock_flocks();
        return status;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(posix_unblock_lock);

/**
 * vfs_cancel_lock - file byte range unblock lock
 * @filp: The file to apply the unblock to
 * @fl: The lock to be unblocked
 *
 * Used by lock managers to cancel blocked requests
 */
int vfs_cancel_lock(struct file *filp, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->lock)
                return filp->f_op->lock(filp, F_CANCELLK, fl);
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfs_cancel_lock);

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>

static void lock_get_status(struct seq_file *f, struct file_lock *fl,
                            loff_t id, char *pfx)
{
        struct inode *inode = NULL;
        unsigned int fl_pid;

        if (fl->fl_nspid)
                fl_pid = pid_vnr(fl->fl_nspid);
        else
                fl_pid = fl->fl_pid;

        if (fl->fl_file != NULL)
                inode = file_inode(fl->fl_file);

        seq_printf(f, "%lld:%s ", id, pfx);
        if (IS_POSIX(fl)) {
                seq_printf(f, "%6s %s ",
                             (fl->fl_flags & FL_ACCESS) ? "ACCESS" : "POSIX ",
                             (inode == NULL) ? "*NOINODE*" :
                             mandatory_lock(inode) ? "MANDATORY" : "ADVISORY ");
        } else if (IS_FLOCK(fl)) {
                if (fl->fl_type & LOCK_MAND) {
                        seq_printf(f, "FLOCK  MSNFS     ");
                } else {
                        seq_printf(f, "FLOCK  ADVISORY  ");
                }
        } else if (IS_LEASE(fl)) {
                seq_printf(f, "LEASE  ");
                if (lease_breaking(fl))
                        seq_printf(f, "BREAKING  ");
                else if (fl->fl_file)
                        seq_printf(f, "ACTIVE    ");
                else
                        seq_printf(f, "BREAKER   ");
        } else {
                seq_printf(f, "UNKNOWN UNKNOWN  ");
        }
        if (fl->fl_type & LOCK_MAND) {
                seq_printf(f, "%s ",
                               (fl->fl_type & LOCK_READ)
                               ? (fl->fl_type & LOCK_WRITE) ? "RW   " : "READ "
                               : (fl->fl_type & LOCK_WRITE) ? "WRITE" : "NONE ");
        } else {
                seq_printf(f, "%s ",
                               (lease_breaking(fl))
                               ? (fl->fl_type == F_UNLCK) ? "UNLCK" : "READ "
                               : (fl->fl_type == F_WRLCK) ? "WRITE" : "READ ");
        }
        if (inode) {
#ifdef WE_CAN_BREAK_LSLK_NOW
                seq_printf(f, "%d %s:%ld ", fl_pid,
                                inode->i_sb->s_id, inode->i_ino);
#else
                /* userspace relies on this representation of dev_t ;-( */
                seq_printf(f, "%d %02x:%02x:%ld ", fl_pid,
                                MAJOR(inode->i_sb->s_dev),
                                MINOR(inode->i_sb->s_dev), inode->i_ino);
#endif
        } else {
                seq_printf(f, "%d <none>:0 ", fl_pid);
        }
        if (IS_POSIX(fl)) {
                if (fl->fl_end == OFFSET_MAX)
                        seq_printf(f, "%Ld EOF\n", fl->fl_start);
                else
                        seq_printf(f, "%Ld %Ld\n", fl->fl_start, fl->fl_end);
        } else {
                seq_printf(f, "0 EOF\n");
        }
}

static int locks_show(struct seq_file *f, void *v)
{
        struct file_lock *fl, *bfl;

        fl = list_entry(v, struct file_lock, fl_link);

        lock_get_status(f, fl, *((loff_t *)f->private), "");

        list_for_each_entry(bfl, &fl->fl_block, fl_block)
                lock_get_status(f, bfl, *((loff_t *)f->private), " ->");

        return 0;
}

static void *locks_start(struct seq_file *f, loff_t *pos)
{
        loff_t *p = f->private;

        lock_flocks();
        *p = (*pos + 1);
        return seq_list_start(&file_lock_list, *pos);
}

static void *locks_next(struct seq_file *f, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
        loff_t *p = f->private;
        ++*p;
        return seq_list_next(v, &file_lock_list, pos);
}

static void locks_stop(struct seq_file *f, void *v)
{
        unlock_flocks();
}

static const struct seq_operations locks_seq_operations = {
        .start  = locks_start,
        .next   = locks_next,
        .stop   = locks_stop,
        .show   = locks_show,
};

static int locks_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
        return seq_open_private(filp, &locks_seq_operations, sizeof(loff_t));
}

static const struct file_operations proc_locks_operations = {
        .open           = locks_open,
        .read           = seq_read,
        .llseek         = seq_lseek,
        .release        = seq_release_private,
};

static int __init proc_locks_init(void)
{
        proc_create("locks", 0, NULL, &proc_locks_operations);
        return 0;
}
module_init(proc_locks_init);
#endif

/**
 *      lock_may_read - checks that the region is free of locks
 *      @inode: the inode that is being read
 *      @start: the first byte to read
 *      @len: the number of bytes to read
 *
 *      Emulates Windows locking requirements.  Whole-file
 *      mandatory locks (share modes) can prohibit a read and
 *      byte-range POSIX locks can prohibit a read if they overlap.
 *
 *      N.B. this function is only ever called
 *      from knfsd and ownership of locks is never checked.
 */
int lock_may_read(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, unsigned long len)
{
        struct file_lock *fl;
        int result = 1;
        lock_flocks();
        for (fl = inode->i_flock; fl != NULL; fl = fl->fl_next) {
                if (IS_POSIX(fl)) {
                        if (fl->fl_type == F_RDLCK)
                                continue;
                        if ((fl->fl_end < start) || (fl->fl_start > (start + len)))
                                continue;
                } else if (IS_FLOCK(fl)) {
                        if (!(fl->fl_type & LOCK_MAND))
                                continue;
                        if (fl->fl_type & LOCK_READ)
                                continue;
                } else
                        continue;
                result = 0;
                break;
        }
        unlock_flocks();
        return result;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(lock_may_read);

/**
 *      lock_may_write - checks that the region is free of locks
 *      @inode: the inode that is being written
 *      @start: the first byte to write
 *      @len: the number of bytes to write
 *
 *      Emulates Windows locking requirements.  Whole-file
 *      mandatory locks (share modes) can prohibit a write and
 *      byte-range POSIX locks can prohibit a write if they overlap.
 *
 *      N.B. this function is only ever called
 *      from knfsd and ownership of locks is never checked.
 */
int lock_may_write(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, unsigned long len)
{
        struct file_lock *fl;
        int result = 1;
        lock_flocks();
        for (fl = inode->i_flock; fl != NULL; fl = fl->fl_next) {
                if (IS_POSIX(fl)) {
                        if ((fl->fl_end < start) || (fl->fl_start > (start + len)))
                                continue;
                } else if (IS_FLOCK(fl)) {
                        if (!(fl->fl_type & LOCK_MAND))
                                continue;
                        if (fl->fl_type & LOCK_WRITE)
                                continue;
                } else
                        continue;
                result = 0;
                break;
        }
        unlock_flocks();
        return result;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(lock_may_write);

static int __init filelock_init(void)
{
        filelock_cache = kmem_cache_create("file_lock_cache",
                        sizeof(struct file_lock), 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL);

        return 0;
}

core_initcall(filelock_init);