/*
 *  linux/fs/open.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 */

#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fdtable.h>
#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/securebits.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/audit.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/fs_struct.h>
#include <linux/ima.h>
#include <linux/dnotify.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>

#include "internal.h"

int do_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t length, unsigned int time_attrs,
        struct file *filp)
{
        int ret;
        struct iattr newattrs;

        /* Not pretty: "inode->i_size" shouldn't really be signed. But it is. */
        if (length < 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        newattrs.ia_size = length;
        newattrs.ia_valid = ATTR_SIZE | time_attrs;
        if (filp) {
                newattrs.ia_file = filp;
                newattrs.ia_valid |= ATTR_FILE;
        }

        /* Remove suid/sgid on truncate too */
        ret = should_remove_suid(dentry);
        if (ret)
                newattrs.ia_valid |= ret | ATTR_FORCE;

        mutex_lock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
        /* Note any delegations or leases have already been broken: */
        ret = notify_change(dentry, &newattrs, NULL);
        mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
        return ret;
}

long vfs_truncate(struct path *path, loff_t length)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        long error;

        inode = path->dentry->d_inode;

        /* For directories it's -EISDIR, for other non-regulars - -EINVAL */
        if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                return -EISDIR;
        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                return -EINVAL;

        error = mnt_want_write(path->mnt);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        error = inode_permission(inode, MAY_WRITE);
        if (error)
                goto mnt_drop_write_and_out;

        error = -EPERM;
        if (IS_APPEND(inode))
                goto mnt_drop_write_and_out;

        error = get_write_access(inode);
        if (error)
                goto mnt_drop_write_and_out;

        /*
         * Make sure that there are no leases.  get_write_access() protects
         * against the truncate racing with a lease-granting setlease().
         */
        error = break_lease(inode, O_WRONLY);
        if (error)
                goto put_write_and_out;

        error = locks_verify_truncate(inode, NULL, length);
        if (!error)
                error = security_path_truncate(path);
        if (!error)
                error = do_truncate(path->dentry, length, 0, NULL);

put_write_and_out:
        put_write_access(inode);
mnt_drop_write_and_out:
        mnt_drop_write(path->mnt);
out:
        return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfs_truncate);

static long do_sys_truncate(const char __user *pathname, loff_t length)
{
        unsigned int lookup_flags = LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
        struct path path;
        int error;

        if (length < 0) /* sorry, but loff_t says... */
                return -EINVAL;

retry:
        error = user_path_at(AT_FDCWD, pathname, lookup_flags, &path);
        if (!error) {
                error = vfs_truncate(&path, length);
                path_put(&path);
        }
        if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
                goto retry;
        }
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(truncate, const char __user *, path, long, length)
{
        return do_sys_truncate(path, length);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE2(truncate, const char __user *, path, compat_off_t, length)
{
        return do_sys_truncate(path, length);
}
#endif

static long do_sys_ftruncate(unsigned int fd, loff_t length, int small)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        struct dentry *dentry;
        struct fd f;
        int error;

        error = -EINVAL;
        if (length < 0)
                goto out;
        error = -EBADF;
        f = fdget(fd);
        if (!f.file)
                goto out;

        /* explicitly opened as large or we are on 64-bit box */
        if (f.file->f_flags & O_LARGEFILE)
                small = 0;

        dentry = f.file->f_path.dentry;
        inode = dentry->d_inode;
        error = -EINVAL;
        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) || !(f.file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
                goto out_putf;

        error = -EINVAL;
        /* Cannot ftruncate over 2^31 bytes without large file support */
        if (small && length > MAX_NON_LFS)
                goto out_putf;

        error = -EPERM;
        if (IS_APPEND(inode))
                goto out_putf;

        sb_start_write(inode->i_sb);
        error = locks_verify_truncate(inode, f.file, length);
        if (!error)
                error = security_path_truncate(&f.file->f_path);
        if (!error)
                error = do_truncate(dentry, length, ATTR_MTIME|ATTR_CTIME, f.file);
        sb_end_write(inode->i_sb);
out_putf:
        fdput(f);
out:
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(ftruncate, unsigned int, fd, unsigned long, length)
{
        return do_sys_ftruncate(fd, length, 1);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE2(ftruncate, unsigned int, fd, compat_ulong_t, length)
{
        return do_sys_ftruncate(fd, length, 1);
}
#endif

/* LFS versions of truncate are only needed on 32 bit machines */
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(truncate64, const char __user *, path, loff_t, length)
{
        return do_sys_truncate(path, length);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(ftruncate64, unsigned int, fd, loff_t, length)
{
        return do_sys_ftruncate(fd, length, 0);
}
#endif /* BITS_PER_LONG == 32 */


int vfs_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        long ret;

        if (offset < 0 || len <= 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* Return error if mode is not supported */
        if (mode & ~(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE |
                     FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE))
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        /* Punch hole and zero range are mutually exclusive */
        if ((mode & (FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE)) ==
            (FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE))
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        /* Punch hole must have keep size set */
        if ((mode & FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE) &&
            !(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE))
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        /* Collapse range should only be used exclusively. */
        if ((mode & FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE) &&
            (mode & ~FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
                return -EBADF;

        /*
         * We can only allow pure fallocate on append only files
         */
        if ((mode & ~FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) && IS_APPEND(inode))
                return -EPERM;

        if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
                return -EPERM;

        /*
         * We cannot allow any fallocate operation on an active swapfile
         */
        if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode))
                return -ETXTBSY;

        /*
         * Revalidate the write permissions, in case security policy has
         * changed since the files were opened.
         */
        ret = security_file_permission(file, MAY_WRITE);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (S_ISFIFO(inode->i_mode))
                return -ESPIPE;

        /*
         * Let individual file system decide if it supports preallocation
         * for directories or not.
         */
        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                return -ENODEV;

        /* Check for wrap through zero too */
        if (((offset + len) > inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes) || ((offset + len) < 0))
                return -EFBIG;

        if (!file->f_op->fallocate)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        sb_start_write(inode->i_sb);
        ret = file->f_op->fallocate(file, mode, offset, len);

        /*
         * Create inotify and fanotify events.
         *
         * To keep the logic simple always create events if fallocate succeeds.
         * This implies that events are even created if the file size remains
         * unchanged, e.g. when using flag FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE.
         */
        if (ret == 0)
                fsnotify_modify(file);

        sb_end_write(inode->i_sb);
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfs_fallocate);

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(fallocate, int, fd, int, mode, loff_t, offset, loff_t, len)
{
        struct fd f = fdget(fd);
        int error = -EBADF;

        if (f.file) {
                error = vfs_fallocate(f.file, mode, offset, len);
                fdput(f);
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * access() needs to use the real uid/gid, not the effective uid/gid.
 * We do this by temporarily clearing all FS-related capabilities and
 * switching the fsuid/fsgid around to the real ones.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(faccessat, int, dfd, const char __user *, filename, int, mode)
{
        const struct cred *old_cred;
        struct cred *override_cred;
        struct path path;
        struct inode *inode;
        int res;
        unsigned int lookup_flags = LOOKUP_FOLLOW;

        if (mode & ~S_IRWXO)    /* where's F_OK, X_OK, W_OK, R_OK? */
                return -EINVAL;

        override_cred = prepare_creds();
        if (!override_cred)
                return -ENOMEM;

        override_cred->fsuid = override_cred->uid;
        override_cred->fsgid = override_cred->gid;

        if (!issecure(SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP)) {
                /* Clear the capabilities if we switch to a non-root user */
                kuid_t root_uid = make_kuid(override_cred->user_ns, 0);
                if (!uid_eq(override_cred->uid, root_uid))
                        cap_clear(override_cred->cap_effective);
                else
                        override_cred->cap_effective =
                                override_cred->cap_permitted;
        }

        old_cred = override_creds(override_cred);
retry:
        res = user_path_at(dfd, filename, lookup_flags, &path);
        if (res)
                goto out;

        inode = path.dentry->d_inode;

        if ((mode & MAY_EXEC) && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
                /*
                 * MAY_EXEC on regular files is denied if the fs is mounted
                 * with the "noexec" flag.
                 */
                res = -EACCES;
                if (path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOEXEC)
                        goto out_path_release;
        }

        res = inode_permission(inode, mode | MAY_ACCESS);
        /* SuS v2 requires we report a read only fs too */
        if (res || !(mode & S_IWOTH) || special_file(inode->i_mode))
                goto out_path_release;
        /*
         * This is a rare case where using __mnt_is_readonly()
         * is OK without a mnt_want/drop_write() pair.  Since
         * no actual write to the fs is performed here, we do
         * not need to telegraph to that to anyone.
         *
         * By doing this, we accept that this access is
         * inherently racy and know that the fs may change
         * state before we even see this result.
         */
        if (__mnt_is_readonly(path.mnt))
                res = -EROFS;

out_path_release:
        path_put(&path);
        if (retry_estale(res, lookup_flags)) {
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
                goto retry;
        }
out:
        revert_creds(old_cred);
        put_cred(override_cred);
        return res;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(access, const char __user *, filename, int, mode)
{
        return sys_faccessat(AT_FDCWD, filename, mode);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(chdir, const char __user *, filename)
{
        struct path path;
        int error;
        unsigned int lookup_flags = LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
retry:
        error = user_path_at(AT_FDCWD, filename, lookup_flags, &path);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        error = inode_permission(path.dentry->d_inode, MAY_EXEC | MAY_CHDIR);
        if (error)
                goto dput_and_out;

        set_fs_pwd(current->fs, &path);

dput_and_out:
        path_put(&path);
        if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
                goto retry;
        }
out:
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(fchdir, unsigned int, fd)
{
        struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
        struct inode *inode;
        int error = -EBADF;

        error = -EBADF;
        if (!f.file)
                goto out;

        inode = file_inode(f.file);

        error = -ENOTDIR;
        if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                goto out_putf;

        error = inode_permission(inode, MAY_EXEC | MAY_CHDIR);
        if (!error)
                set_fs_pwd(current->fs, &f.file->f_path);
out_putf:
        fdput(f);
out:
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(chroot, const char __user *, filename)
{
        struct path path;
        int error;
        unsigned int lookup_flags = LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
retry:
        error = user_path_at(AT_FDCWD, filename, lookup_flags, &path);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        error = inode_permission(path.dentry->d_inode, MAY_EXEC | MAY_CHDIR);
        if (error)
                goto dput_and_out;

        error = -EPERM;
        if (!ns_capable(current_user_ns(), CAP_SYS_CHROOT))
                goto dput_and_out;
        error = security_path_chroot(&path);
        if (error)
                goto dput_and_out;

        set_fs_root(current->fs, &path);
        error = 0;
dput_and_out:
        path_put(&path);
        if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
                goto retry;
        }
out:
        return error;
}

static int chmod_common(struct path *path, umode_t mode)
{
        struct inode *inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
        struct inode *delegated_inode = NULL;
        struct iattr newattrs;
        int error;

        error = mnt_want_write(path->mnt);
        if (error)
                return error;
retry_deleg:
        mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
        error = security_path_chmod(path, mode);
        if (error)
                goto out_unlock;
        newattrs.ia_mode = (mode & S_IALLUGO) | (inode->i_mode & ~S_IALLUGO);
        newattrs.ia_valid = ATTR_MODE | ATTR_CTIME;
        error = notify_change(path->dentry, &newattrs, &delegated_inode);
out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
        if (delegated_inode) {
                error = break_deleg_wait(&delegated_inode);
                if (!error)
                        goto retry_deleg;
        }
        mnt_drop_write(path->mnt);
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(fchmod, unsigned int, fd, umode_t, mode)
{
        struct fd f = fdget(fd);
        int err = -EBADF;

        if (f.file) {
                audit_file(f.file);
                err = chmod_common(&f.file->f_path, mode);
                fdput(f);
        }
        return err;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(fchmodat, int, dfd, const char __user *, filename, umode_t, mode)
{
        struct path path;
        int error;
        unsigned int lookup_flags = LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
retry:
        error = user_path_at(dfd, filename, lookup_flags, &path);
        if (!error) {
                error = chmod_common(&path, mode);
                path_put(&path);
                if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
                        lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
                        goto retry;
                }
        }
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(chmod, const char __user *, filename, umode_t, mode)
{
        return sys_fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, filename, mode);
}

static int chown_common(struct path *path, uid_t user, gid_t group)
{
        struct inode *inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
        struct inode *delegated_inode = NULL;
        int error;
        struct iattr newattrs;
        kuid_t uid;
        kgid_t gid;

        uid = make_kuid(current_user_ns(), user);
        gid = make_kgid(current_user_ns(), group);

        newattrs.ia_valid =  ATTR_CTIME;
        if (user != (uid_t) -1) {
                if (!uid_valid(uid))
                        return -EINVAL;
                newattrs.ia_valid |= ATTR_UID;
                newattrs.ia_uid = uid;
        }
        if (group != (gid_t) -1) {
                if (!gid_valid(gid))
                        return -EINVAL;
                newattrs.ia_valid |= ATTR_GID;
                newattrs.ia_gid = gid;
        }
        if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                newattrs.ia_valid |=
                        ATTR_KILL_SUID | ATTR_KILL_SGID | ATTR_KILL_PRIV;
retry_deleg:
        mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
        error = security_path_chown(path, uid, gid);
        if (!error)
                error = notify_change(path->dentry, &newattrs, &delegated_inode);
        mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
        if (delegated_inode) {
                error = break_deleg_wait(&delegated_inode);
                if (!error)
                        goto retry_deleg;
        }
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE5(fchownat, int, dfd, const char __user *, filename, uid_t, user,
                gid_t, group, int, flag)
{
        struct path path;
        int error = -EINVAL;
        int lookup_flags;

        if ((flag & ~(AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW | AT_EMPTY_PATH)) != 0)
                goto out;

        lookup_flags = (flag & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) ? 0 : LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
        if (flag & AT_EMPTY_PATH)
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_EMPTY;
retry:
        error = user_path_at(dfd, filename, lookup_flags, &path);
        if (error)
                goto out;
        error = mnt_want_write(path.mnt);
        if (error)
                goto out_release;
        error = chown_common(&path, user, group);
        mnt_drop_write(path.mnt);
out_release:
        path_put(&path);
        if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
                goto retry;
        }
out:
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(chown, const char __user *, filename, uid_t, user, gid_t, group)
{
        return sys_fchownat(AT_FDCWD, filename, user, group, 0);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(lchown, const char __user *, filename, uid_t, user, gid_t, group)
{
        return sys_fchownat(AT_FDCWD, filename, user, group,
                            AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(fchown, unsigned int, fd, uid_t, user, gid_t, group)
{
        struct fd f = fdget(fd);
        int error = -EBADF;

        if (!f.file)
                goto out;

        error = mnt_want_write_file(f.file);
        if (error)
                goto out_fput;
        audit_file(f.file);
        error = chown_common(&f.file->f_path, user, group);
        mnt_drop_write_file(f.file);
out_fput:
        fdput(f);
out:
        return error;
}

int open_check_o_direct(struct file *f)
{
        /* NB: we're sure to have correct a_ops only after f_op->open */
        if (f->f_flags & O_DIRECT) {
                if (!f->f_mapping->a_ops || !f->f_mapping->a_ops->direct_IO)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int do_dentry_open(struct file *f,
                          int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *),
                          const struct cred *cred)
{
        static const struct file_operations empty_fops = {};
        struct inode *inode;
        int error;

        f->f_mode = OPEN_FMODE(f->f_flags) | FMODE_LSEEK |
                                FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE;

        path_get(&f->f_path);
        inode = f->f_inode = f->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
        f->f_mapping = inode->i_mapping;

        if (unlikely(f->f_flags & O_PATH)) {
                f->f_mode = FMODE_PATH;
                f->f_op = &empty_fops;
                return 0;
        }

        if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE && !special_file(inode->i_mode)) {
                error = get_write_access(inode);
                if (unlikely(error))
                        goto cleanup_file;
                error = __mnt_want_write(f->f_path.mnt);
                if (unlikely(error)) {
                        put_write_access(inode);
                        goto cleanup_file;
                }
                f->f_mode |= FMODE_WRITER;
        }

        /* POSIX.1-2008/SUSv4 Section XSI 2.9.7 */
        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                f->f_mode |= FMODE_ATOMIC_POS;

        f->f_op = fops_get(inode->i_fop);
        if (unlikely(WARN_ON(!f->f_op))) {
                error = -ENODEV;
                goto cleanup_all;
        }

        error = security_file_open(f, cred);
        if (error)
                goto cleanup_all;

        error = break_lease(inode, f->f_flags);
        if (error)
                goto cleanup_all;

        if (!open)
                open = f->f_op->open;
        if (open) {
                error = open(inode, f);
                if (error)
                        goto cleanup_all;
        }
        if ((f->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
                i_readcount_inc(inode);
        if ((f->f_mode & FMODE_READ) &&
             likely(f->f_op->read || f->f_op->aio_read || f->f_op->read_iter))
                f->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_READ;
        if ((f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) &&
             likely(f->f_op->write || f->f_op->aio_write || f->f_op->write_iter))
                f->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_WRITE;

        f->f_flags &= ~(O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_NOCTTY | O_TRUNC);

        file_ra_state_init(&f->f_ra, f->f_mapping->host->i_mapping);

        return 0;

cleanup_all:
        fops_put(f->f_op);
        if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITER) {
                put_write_access(inode);
                __mnt_drop_write(f->f_path.mnt);
        }
cleanup_file:
        path_put(&f->f_path);
        f->f_path.mnt = NULL;
        f->f_path.dentry = NULL;
        f->f_inode = NULL;
        return error;
}

/**
 * finish_open - finish opening a file
 * @file: file pointer
 * @dentry: pointer to dentry
 * @open: open callback
 * @opened: state of open
 *
 * This can be used to finish opening a file passed to i_op->atomic_open().
 *
 * If the open callback is set to NULL, then the standard f_op->open()
 * filesystem callback is substituted.
 *
 * NB: the dentry reference is _not_ consumed.  If, for example, the dentry is
 * the return value of d_splice_alias(), then the caller needs to perform dput()
 * on it after finish_open().
 *
 * On successful return @file is a fully instantiated open file.  After this, if
 * an error occurs in ->atomic_open(), it needs to clean up with fput().
 *
 * Returns zero on success or -errno if the open failed.
 */
int finish_open(struct file *file, struct dentry *dentry,
                int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *),
                int *opened)
{
        int error;
        BUG_ON(*opened & FILE_OPENED); /* once it's opened, it's opened */

        file->f_path.dentry = dentry;
        error = do_dentry_open(file, open, current_cred());
        if (!error)
                *opened |= FILE_OPENED;

        return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(finish_open);

/**
 * finish_no_open - finish ->atomic_open() without opening the file
 *
 * @file: file pointer
 * @dentry: dentry or NULL (as returned from ->lookup())
 *
 * This can be used to set the result of a successful lookup in ->atomic_open().
 *
 * NB: unlike finish_open() this function does consume the dentry reference and
 * the caller need not dput() it.
 *
 * Returns "1" which must be the return value of ->atomic_open() after having
 * called this function.
 */
int finish_no_open(struct file *file, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        file->f_path.dentry = dentry;
        return 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(finish_no_open);

struct file *dentry_open(const struct path *path, int flags,
                         const struct cred *cred)
{
        int error;
        struct file *f;

        validate_creds(cred);

        /* We must always pass in a valid mount pointer. */
        BUG_ON(!path->mnt);

        f = get_empty_filp();
        if (!IS_ERR(f)) {
                f->f_flags = flags;
                error = vfs_open(path, f, cred);
                if (!error) {
                        /* from now on we need fput() to dispose of f */
                        error = open_check_o_direct(f);
                        if (error) {
                                fput(f);
                                f = ERR_PTR(error);
                        }
                } else { 
                        put_filp(f);
                        f = ERR_PTR(error);
                }
        }
        return f;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(dentry_open);

/**
 * vfs_open - open the file at the given path
 * @path: path to open
 * @filp: newly allocated file with f_flag initialized
 * @cred: credentials to use
 */
int vfs_open(const struct path *path, struct file *filp,
             const struct cred *cred)
{
        struct inode *inode = path->dentry->d_inode;

        if (inode->i_op->dentry_open)
                return inode->i_op->dentry_open(path->dentry, filp, cred);
        else {
                filp->f_path = *path;
                return do_dentry_open(filp, NULL, cred);
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_open);

static inline int build_open_flags(int flags, umode_t mode, struct open_flags *op)
{
        int lookup_flags = 0;
        int acc_mode;

        if (flags & (O_CREAT | __O_TMPFILE))
                op->mode = (mode & S_IALLUGO) | S_IFREG;
        else
                op->mode = 0;

        /* Must never be set by userspace */
        flags &= ~FMODE_NONOTIFY & ~O_CLOEXEC;

        /*
         * O_SYNC is implemented as __O_SYNC|O_DSYNC.  As many places only
         * check for O_DSYNC if the need any syncing at all we enforce it's
         * always set instead of having to deal with possibly weird behaviour
         * for malicious applications setting only __O_SYNC.
         */
        if (flags & __O_SYNC)
                flags |= O_DSYNC;

        if (flags & __O_TMPFILE) {
                if ((flags & O_TMPFILE_MASK) != O_TMPFILE)
                        return -EINVAL;
                acc_mode = MAY_OPEN | ACC_MODE(flags);
                if (!(acc_mode & MAY_WRITE))
                        return -EINVAL;
        } else if (flags & O_PATH) {
                /*
                 * If we have O_PATH in the open flag. Then we
                 * cannot have anything other than the below set of flags
                 */
                flags &= O_DIRECTORY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_PATH;
                acc_mode = 0;
        } else {
                acc_mode = MAY_OPEN | ACC_MODE(flags);
        }

        op->open_flag = flags;

        /* O_TRUNC implies we need access checks for write permissions */
        if (flags & O_TRUNC)
                acc_mode |= MAY_WRITE;

        /* Allow the LSM permission hook to distinguish append
           access from general write access. */
        if (flags & O_APPEND)
                acc_mode |= MAY_APPEND;

        op->acc_mode = acc_mode;

        op->intent = flags & O_PATH ? 0 : LOOKUP_OPEN;

        if (flags & O_CREAT) {
                op->intent |= LOOKUP_CREATE;
                if (flags & O_EXCL)
                        op->intent |= LOOKUP_EXCL;
        }

        if (flags & O_DIRECTORY)
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
        if (!(flags & O_NOFOLLOW))
                lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
        op->lookup_flags = lookup_flags;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * file_open_name - open file and return file pointer
 *
 * @name:       struct filename containing path to open
 * @flags:      open flags as per the open(2) second argument
 * @mode:       mode for the new file if O_CREAT is set, else ignored
 *
 * This is the helper to open a file from kernelspace if you really
 * have to.  But in generally you should not do this, so please move
 * along, nothing to see here..
 */
struct file *file_open_name(struct filename *name, int flags, umode_t mode)
{
        struct open_flags op;
        int err = build_open_flags(flags, mode, &op);
        return err ? ERR_PTR(err) : do_filp_open(AT_FDCWD, name, &op);
}

/**
 * filp_open - open file and return file pointer
 *
 * @filename:   path to open
 * @flags:      open flags as per the open(2) second argument
 * @mode:       mode for the new file if O_CREAT is set, else ignored
 *
 * This is the helper to open a file from kernelspace if you really
 * have to.  But in generally you should not do this, so please move
 * along, nothing to see here..
 */
struct file *filp_open(const char *filename, int flags, umode_t mode)
{
        struct filename *name = getname_kernel(filename);
        struct file *file = ERR_CAST(name);
        
        if (!IS_ERR(name)) {
                file = file_open_name(name, flags, mode);
                putname(name);
        }
        return file;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(filp_open);

struct file *file_open_root(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
                            const char *filename, int flags)
{
        struct open_flags op;
        int err = build_open_flags(flags, 0, &op);
        if (err)
                return ERR_PTR(err);
        if (flags & O_CREAT)
                return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
        if (!filename && (flags & O_DIRECTORY))
                if (!dentry->d_inode->i_op->lookup)
                        return ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
        return do_file_open_root(dentry, mnt, filename, &op);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(file_open_root);

long do_sys_open(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags, umode_t mode)
{
        struct open_flags op;

        int fd = build_open_flags(flags, mode, &op);
        struct filename *tmp;

        if (fd)
                return fd;

        tmp = getname(filename);
        if (IS_ERR(tmp))
                return PTR_ERR(tmp);

        fd = get_unused_fd_flags(flags);
        if (fd >= 0) {
                struct file *f = do_filp_open(dfd, tmp, &op);
                if (IS_ERR(f)) {
                        put_unused_fd(fd);
                        fd = PTR_ERR(f);
                } else {
                        fsnotify_open(f);
                        fd_install(fd, f);
                }
        }
        putname(tmp);
        return fd;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(open, const char __user *, filename, int, flags, umode_t, mode)
{
        if (force_o_largefile())
                flags |= O_LARGEFILE;

        return do_sys_open(AT_FDCWD, filename, flags, mode);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(openat, int, dfd, const char __user *, filename, int, flags,
                umode_t, mode)
{
        if (force_o_largefile())
                flags |= O_LARGEFILE;

        return do_sys_open(dfd, filename, flags, mode);
}

#ifndef __alpha__

/*
 * For backward compatibility?  Maybe this should be moved
 * into arch/i386 instead?
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(creat, const char __user *, pathname, umode_t, mode)
{
        return sys_open(pathname, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, mode);
}

#endif

/*
 * "id" is the POSIX thread ID. We use the
 * files pointer for this..
 */
int filp_close(struct file *filp, fl_owner_t id)
{
        int retval = 0;

        if (!file_count(filp)) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "VFS: Close: file count is 0\n");
                return 0;
        }

        if (filp->f_op->flush)
                retval = filp->f_op->flush(filp, id);

        if (likely(!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_PATH))) {
                dnotify_flush(filp, id);
                locks_remove_posix(filp, id);
        }
        fput(filp);
        return retval;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(filp_close);

/*
 * Careful here! We test whether the file pointer is NULL before
 * releasing the fd. This ensures that one clone task can't release
 * an fd while another clone is opening it.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE1(close, unsigned int, fd)
{
        int retval = __close_fd(current->files, fd);

        /* can't restart close syscall because file table entry was cleared */
        if (unlikely(retval == -ERESTARTSYS ||
                     retval == -ERESTARTNOINTR ||
                     retval == -ERESTARTNOHAND ||
                     retval == -ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK))
                retval = -EINTR;

        return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sys_close);

/*
 * This routine simulates a hangup on the tty, to arrange that users
 * are given clean terminals at login time.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE0(vhangup)
{
        if (capable(CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG)) {
                tty_vhangup_self();
                return 0;
        }
        return -EPERM;
}

/*
 * Called when an inode is about to be open.
 * We use this to disallow opening large files on 32bit systems if
 * the caller didn't specify O_LARGEFILE.  On 64bit systems we force
 * on this flag in sys_open.
 */
int generic_file_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
        if (!(filp->f_flags & O_LARGEFILE) && i_size_read(inode) > MAX_NON_LFS)
                return -EOVERFLOW;
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_file_open);

/*
 * This is used by subsystems that don't want seekable
 * file descriptors. The function is not supposed to ever fail, the only
 * reason it returns an 'int' and not 'void' is so that it can be plugged
 * directly into file_operations structure.
 */
int nonseekable_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
        filp->f_mode &= ~(FMODE_LSEEK | FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE);
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(nonseekable_open);