/*
 * Performance events core code:
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2008 Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
 *  Copyright (C) 2008-2011 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar
 *  Copyright (C) 2008-2011 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra
 *  Copyright  ©  2009 Paul Mackerras, IBM Corp. <paulus@au1.ibm.com>
 *
 * For licensing details see kernel-base/COPYING
 */

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/dcache.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
#include <linux/vmstat.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/rculist.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/trace_events.h>
#include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/filter.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/parser.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>

#include "internal.h"

#include <asm/irq_regs.h>

typedef int (*remote_function_f)(void *);

struct remote_function_call {
        struct task_struct      *p;
        remote_function_f       func;
        void                    *info;
        int                     ret;
};

static void remote_function(void *data)
{
        struct remote_function_call *tfc = data;
        struct task_struct *p = tfc->p;

        if (p) {
                /* -EAGAIN */
                if (task_cpu(p) != smp_processor_id())
                        return;

                /*
                 * Now that we're on right CPU with IRQs disabled, we can test
                 * if we hit the right task without races.
                 */

                tfc->ret = -ESRCH; /* No such (running) process */
                if (p != current)
                        return;
        }

        tfc->ret = tfc->func(tfc->info);
}

/**
 * task_function_call - call a function on the cpu on which a task runs
 * @p:          the task to evaluate
 * @func:       the function to be called
 * @info:       the function call argument
 *
 * Calls the function @func when the task is currently running. This might
 * be on the current CPU, which just calls the function directly
 *
 * returns: @func return value, or
 *          -ESRCH  - when the process isn't running
 *          -EAGAIN - when the process moved away
 */
static int
task_function_call(struct task_struct *p, remote_function_f func, void *info)
{
        struct remote_function_call data = {
                .p      = p,
                .func   = func,
                .info   = info,
                .ret    = -EAGAIN,
        };
        int ret;

        do {
                ret = smp_call_function_single(task_cpu(p), remote_function, &data, 1);
                if (!ret)
                        ret = data.ret;
        } while (ret == -EAGAIN);

        return ret;
}

/**
 * cpu_function_call - call a function on the cpu
 * @func:       the function to be called
 * @info:       the function call argument
 *
 * Calls the function @func on the remote cpu.
 *
 * returns: @func return value or -ENXIO when the cpu is offline
 */
static int cpu_function_call(int cpu, remote_function_f func, void *info)
{
        struct remote_function_call data = {
                .p      = NULL,
                .func   = func,
                .info   = info,
                .ret    = -ENXIO, /* No such CPU */
        };

        smp_call_function_single(cpu, remote_function, &data, 1);

        return data.ret;
}

static inline struct perf_cpu_context *
__get_cpu_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        return this_cpu_ptr(ctx->pmu->pmu_cpu_context);
}

static void perf_ctx_lock(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                          struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        raw_spin_lock(&cpuctx->ctx.lock);
        if (ctx)
                raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
}

static void perf_ctx_unlock(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                            struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        if (ctx)
                raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
        raw_spin_unlock(&cpuctx->ctx.lock);
}

#define TASK_TOMBSTONE ((void *)-1L)

static bool is_kernel_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return READ_ONCE(event->owner) == TASK_TOMBSTONE;
}

/*
 * On task ctx scheduling...
 *
 * When !ctx->nr_events a task context will not be scheduled. This means
 * we can disable the scheduler hooks (for performance) without leaving
 * pending task ctx state.
 *
 * This however results in two special cases:
 *
 *  - removing the last event from a task ctx; this is relatively straight
 *    forward and is done in __perf_remove_from_context.
 *
 *  - adding the first event to a task ctx; this is tricky because we cannot
 *    rely on ctx->is_active and therefore cannot use event_function_call().
 *    See perf_install_in_context().
 *
 * If ctx->nr_events, then ctx->is_active and cpuctx->task_ctx are set.
 */

typedef void (*event_f)(struct perf_event *, struct perf_cpu_context *,
                        struct perf_event_context *, void *);

struct event_function_struct {
        struct perf_event *event;
        event_f func;
        void *data;
};

static int event_function(void *info)
{
        struct event_function_struct *efs = info;
        struct perf_event *event = efs->event;
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        struct perf_event_context *task_ctx = cpuctx->task_ctx;
        int ret = 0;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());

        perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, task_ctx);
        /*
         * Since we do the IPI call without holding ctx->lock things can have
         * changed, double check we hit the task we set out to hit.
         */
        if (ctx->task) {
                if (ctx->task != current) {
                        ret = -ESRCH;
                        goto unlock;
                }

                /*
                 * We only use event_function_call() on established contexts,
                 * and event_function() is only ever called when active (or
                 * rather, we'll have bailed in task_function_call() or the
                 * above ctx->task != current test), therefore we must have
                 * ctx->is_active here.
                 */
                WARN_ON_ONCE(!ctx->is_active);
                /*
                 * And since we have ctx->is_active, cpuctx->task_ctx must
                 * match.
                 */
                WARN_ON_ONCE(task_ctx != ctx);
        } else {
                WARN_ON_ONCE(&cpuctx->ctx != ctx);
        }

        efs->func(event, cpuctx, ctx, efs->data);
unlock:
        perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, task_ctx);

        return ret;
}

static void event_function_call(struct perf_event *event, event_f func, void *data)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        struct task_struct *task = READ_ONCE(ctx->task); /* verified in event_function */
        struct event_function_struct efs = {
                .event = event,
                .func = func,
                .data = data,
        };

        if (!event->parent) {
                /*
                 * If this is a !child event, we must hold ctx::mutex to
                 * stabilize the the event->ctx relation. See
                 * perf_event_ctx_lock().
                 */
                lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);
        }

        if (!task) {
                cpu_function_call(event->cpu, event_function, &efs);
                return;
        }

        if (task == TASK_TOMBSTONE)
                return;

again:
        if (!task_function_call(task, event_function, &efs))
                return;

        raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock);
        /*
         * Reload the task pointer, it might have been changed by
         * a concurrent perf_event_context_sched_out().
         */
        task = ctx->task;
        if (task == TASK_TOMBSTONE) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
                return;
        }
        if (ctx->is_active) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
                goto again;
        }
        func(event, NULL, ctx, data);
        raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
}

/*
 * Similar to event_function_call() + event_function(), but hard assumes IRQs
 * are already disabled and we're on the right CPU.
 */
static void event_function_local(struct perf_event *event, event_f func, void *data)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        struct task_struct *task = READ_ONCE(ctx->task);
        struct perf_event_context *task_ctx = NULL;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());

        if (task) {
                if (task == TASK_TOMBSTONE)
                        return;

                task_ctx = ctx;
        }

        perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, task_ctx);

        task = ctx->task;
        if (task == TASK_TOMBSTONE)
                goto unlock;

        if (task) {
                /*
                 * We must be either inactive or active and the right task,
                 * otherwise we're screwed, since we cannot IPI to somewhere
                 * else.
                 */
                if (ctx->is_active) {
                        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(task != current))
                                goto unlock;

                        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx))
                                goto unlock;
                }
        } else {
                WARN_ON_ONCE(&cpuctx->ctx != ctx);
        }

        func(event, cpuctx, ctx, data);
unlock:
        perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, task_ctx);
}

#define PERF_FLAG_ALL (PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP |\
                       PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT  |\
                       PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP |\
                       PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC)

/*
 * branch priv levels that need permission checks
 */
#define PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PERM_PLM \
        (PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL |\
         PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV)

enum event_type_t {
        EVENT_FLEXIBLE = 0x1,
        EVENT_PINNED = 0x2,
        EVENT_TIME = 0x4,
        /* see ctx_resched() for details */
        EVENT_CPU = 0x8,
        EVENT_ALL = EVENT_FLEXIBLE | EVENT_PINNED,
};

/*
 * perf_sched_events : >0 events exist
 * perf_cgroup_events: >0 per-cpu cgroup events exist on this cpu
 */

static void perf_sched_delayed(struct work_struct *work);
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(perf_sched_events);
static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(perf_sched_work, perf_sched_delayed);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(perf_sched_mutex);
static atomic_t perf_sched_count;

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(atomic_t, perf_cgroup_events);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, perf_sched_cb_usages);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pmu_event_list, pmu_sb_events);

static atomic_t nr_mmap_events __read_mostly;
static atomic_t nr_comm_events __read_mostly;
static atomic_t nr_namespaces_events __read_mostly;
static atomic_t nr_task_events __read_mostly;
static atomic_t nr_freq_events __read_mostly;
static atomic_t nr_switch_events __read_mostly;

static LIST_HEAD(pmus);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pmus_lock);
static struct srcu_struct pmus_srcu;
static cpumask_var_t perf_online_mask;

/*
 * perf event paranoia level:
 *  -1 - not paranoid at all
 *   0 - disallow raw tracepoint access for unpriv
 *   1 - disallow cpu events for unpriv
 *   2 - disallow kernel profiling for unpriv
 */
int sysctl_perf_event_paranoid __read_mostly = 2;

/* Minimum for 512 kiB + 1 user control page */
int sysctl_perf_event_mlock __read_mostly = 512 + (PAGE_SIZE / 1024); /* 'free' kiB per user */

/*
 * max perf event sample rate
 */
#define DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE         100000
#define DEFAULT_SAMPLE_PERIOD_NS        (NSEC_PER_SEC / DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE)
#define DEFAULT_CPU_TIME_MAX_PERCENT    25

int sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate __read_mostly = DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE;

static int max_samples_per_tick __read_mostly   = DIV_ROUND_UP(DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE, HZ);
static int perf_sample_period_ns __read_mostly  = DEFAULT_SAMPLE_PERIOD_NS;

static int perf_sample_allowed_ns __read_mostly =
        DEFAULT_SAMPLE_PERIOD_NS * DEFAULT_CPU_TIME_MAX_PERCENT / 100;

static void update_perf_cpu_limits(void)
{
        u64 tmp = perf_sample_period_ns;

        tmp *= sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent;
        tmp = div_u64(tmp, 100);
        if (!tmp)
                tmp = 1;

        WRITE_ONCE(perf_sample_allowed_ns, tmp);
}

static int perf_rotate_context(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx);

int perf_proc_update_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
                void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
                loff_t *ppos)
{
        int ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);

        if (ret || !write)
                return ret;

        /*
         * If throttling is disabled don't allow the write:
         */
        if (sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent == 100 ||
            sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent == 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        max_samples_per_tick = DIV_ROUND_UP(sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate, HZ);
        perf_sample_period_ns = NSEC_PER_SEC / sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate;
        update_perf_cpu_limits();

        return 0;
}

int sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent __read_mostly = DEFAULT_CPU_TIME_MAX_PERCENT;

int perf_cpu_time_max_percent_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
                                void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
                                loff_t *ppos)
{
        int ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);

        if (ret || !write)
                return ret;

        if (sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent == 100 ||
            sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent == 0) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING
                       "perf: Dynamic interrupt throttling disabled, can hang your system!\n");
                WRITE_ONCE(perf_sample_allowed_ns, 0);
        } else {
                update_perf_cpu_limits();
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * perf samples are done in some very critical code paths (NMIs).
 * If they take too much CPU time, the system can lock up and not
 * get any real work done.  This will drop the sample rate when
 * we detect that events are taking too long.
 */
#define NR_ACCUMULATED_SAMPLES 128
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, running_sample_length);

static u64 __report_avg;
static u64 __report_allowed;

static void perf_duration_warn(struct irq_work *w)
{
        printk_ratelimited(KERN_INFO
                "perf: interrupt took too long (%lld > %lld), lowering "
                "kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to %d\n",
                __report_avg, __report_allowed,
                sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate);
}

static DEFINE_IRQ_WORK(perf_duration_work, perf_duration_warn);

void perf_sample_event_took(u64 sample_len_ns)
{
        u64 max_len = READ_ONCE(perf_sample_allowed_ns);
        u64 running_len;
        u64 avg_len;
        u32 max;

        if (max_len == 0)
                return;

        /* Decay the counter by 1 average sample. */
        running_len = __this_cpu_read(running_sample_length);
        running_len -= running_len/NR_ACCUMULATED_SAMPLES;
        running_len += sample_len_ns;
        __this_cpu_write(running_sample_length, running_len);

        /*
         * Note: this will be biased artifically low until we have
         * seen NR_ACCUMULATED_SAMPLES. Doing it this way keeps us
         * from having to maintain a count.
         */
        avg_len = running_len/NR_ACCUMULATED_SAMPLES;
        if (avg_len <= max_len)
                return;

        __report_avg = avg_len;
        __report_allowed = max_len;

        /*
         * Compute a throttle threshold 25% below the current duration.
         */
        avg_len += avg_len / 4;
        max = (TICK_NSEC / 100) * sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent;
        if (avg_len < max)
                max /= (u32)avg_len;
        else
                max = 1;

        WRITE_ONCE(perf_sample_allowed_ns, avg_len);
        WRITE_ONCE(max_samples_per_tick, max);

        sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate = max * HZ;
        perf_sample_period_ns = NSEC_PER_SEC / sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate;

        if (!irq_work_queue(&perf_duration_work)) {
                early_printk("perf: interrupt took too long (%lld > %lld), lowering "
                             "kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to %d\n",
                             __report_avg, __report_allowed,
                             sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate);
        }
}

static atomic64_t perf_event_id;

static void cpu_ctx_sched_out(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                              enum event_type_t event_type);

static void cpu_ctx_sched_in(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                             enum event_type_t event_type,
                             struct task_struct *task);

static void update_context_time(struct perf_event_context *ctx);
static u64 perf_event_time(struct perf_event *event);

void __weak perf_event_print_debug(void)        { }

extern __weak const char *perf_pmu_name(void)
{
        return "pmu";
}

static inline u64 perf_clock(void)
{
        return local_clock();
}

static inline u64 perf_event_clock(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return event->clock();
}

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF

static inline bool
perf_cgroup_match(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);

        /* @event doesn't care about cgroup */
        if (!event->cgrp)
                return true;

        /* wants specific cgroup scope but @cpuctx isn't associated with any */
        if (!cpuctx->cgrp)
                return false;

        /*
         * Cgroup scoping is recursive.  An event enabled for a cgroup is
         * also enabled for all its descendant cgroups.  If @cpuctx's
         * cgroup is a descendant of @event's (the test covers identity
         * case), it's a match.
         */
        return cgroup_is_descendant(cpuctx->cgrp->css.cgroup,
                                    event->cgrp->css.cgroup);
}

static inline void perf_detach_cgroup(struct perf_event *event)
{
        css_put(&event->cgrp->css);
        event->cgrp = NULL;
}

static inline int is_cgroup_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return event->cgrp != NULL;
}

static inline u64 perf_cgroup_event_time(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_cgroup_info *t;

        t = per_cpu_ptr(event->cgrp->info, event->cpu);
        return t->time;
}

static inline void __update_cgrp_time(struct perf_cgroup *cgrp)
{
        struct perf_cgroup_info *info;
        u64 now;

        now = perf_clock();

        info = this_cpu_ptr(cgrp->info);

        info->time += now - info->timestamp;
        info->timestamp = now;
}

static inline void update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
{
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp_out = cpuctx->cgrp;
        if (cgrp_out)
                __update_cgrp_time(cgrp_out);
}

static inline void update_cgrp_time_from_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp;

        /*
         * ensure we access cgroup data only when needed and
         * when we know the cgroup is pinned (css_get)
         */
        if (!is_cgroup_event(event))
                return;

        cgrp = perf_cgroup_from_task(current, event->ctx);
        /*
         * Do not update time when cgroup is not active
         */
        if (cgrp == event->cgrp)
                __update_cgrp_time(event->cgrp);
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(struct task_struct *task,
                          struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp;
        struct perf_cgroup_info *info;

        /*
         * ctx->lock held by caller
         * ensure we do not access cgroup data
         * unless we have the cgroup pinned (css_get)
         */
        if (!task || !ctx->nr_cgroups)
                return;

        cgrp = perf_cgroup_from_task(task, ctx);
        info = this_cpu_ptr(cgrp->info);
        info->timestamp = ctx->timestamp;
}

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct list_head, cgrp_cpuctx_list);

#define PERF_CGROUP_SWOUT       0x1 /* cgroup switch out every event */
#define PERF_CGROUP_SWIN        0x2 /* cgroup switch in events based on task */

/*
 * reschedule events based on the cgroup constraint of task.
 *
 * mode SWOUT : schedule out everything
 * mode SWIN : schedule in based on cgroup for next
 */
static void perf_cgroup_switch(struct task_struct *task, int mode)
{
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
        struct list_head *list;
        unsigned long flags;

        /*
         * Disable interrupts and preemption to avoid this CPU's
         * cgrp_cpuctx_entry to change under us.
         */
        local_irq_save(flags);

        list = this_cpu_ptr(&cgrp_cpuctx_list);
        list_for_each_entry(cpuctx, list, cgrp_cpuctx_entry) {
                WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->ctx.nr_cgroups == 0);

                perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, cpuctx->task_ctx);
                perf_pmu_disable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);

                if (mode & PERF_CGROUP_SWOUT) {
                        cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, EVENT_ALL);
                        /*
                         * must not be done before ctxswout due
                         * to event_filter_match() in event_sched_out()
                         */
                        cpuctx->cgrp = NULL;
                }

                if (mode & PERF_CGROUP_SWIN) {
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->cgrp);
                        /*
                         * set cgrp before ctxsw in to allow
                         * event_filter_match() to not have to pass
                         * task around
                         * we pass the cpuctx->ctx to perf_cgroup_from_task()
                         * because cgorup events are only per-cpu
                         */
                        cpuctx->cgrp = perf_cgroup_from_task(task,
                                                             &cpuctx->ctx);
                        cpu_ctx_sched_in(cpuctx, EVENT_ALL, task);
                }
                perf_pmu_enable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);
                perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, cpuctx->task_ctx);
        }

        local_irq_restore(flags);
}

static inline void perf_cgroup_sched_out(struct task_struct *task,
                                         struct task_struct *next)
{
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp1;
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp2 = NULL;

        rcu_read_lock();
        /*
         * we come here when we know perf_cgroup_events > 0
         * we do not need to pass the ctx here because we know
         * we are holding the rcu lock
         */
        cgrp1 = perf_cgroup_from_task(task, NULL);
        cgrp2 = perf_cgroup_from_task(next, NULL);

        /*
         * only schedule out current cgroup events if we know
         * that we are switching to a different cgroup. Otherwise,
         * do no touch the cgroup events.
         */
        if (cgrp1 != cgrp2)
                perf_cgroup_switch(task, PERF_CGROUP_SWOUT);

        rcu_read_unlock();
}

static inline void perf_cgroup_sched_in(struct task_struct *prev,
                                        struct task_struct *task)
{
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp1;
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp2 = NULL;

        rcu_read_lock();
        /*
         * we come here when we know perf_cgroup_events > 0
         * we do not need to pass the ctx here because we know
         * we are holding the rcu lock
         */
        cgrp1 = perf_cgroup_from_task(task, NULL);
        cgrp2 = perf_cgroup_from_task(prev, NULL);

        /*
         * only need to schedule in cgroup events if we are changing
         * cgroup during ctxsw. Cgroup events were not scheduled
         * out of ctxsw out if that was not the case.
         */
        if (cgrp1 != cgrp2)
                perf_cgroup_switch(task, PERF_CGROUP_SWIN);

        rcu_read_unlock();
}

static inline int perf_cgroup_connect(int fd, struct perf_event *event,
                                      struct perf_event_attr *attr,
                                      struct perf_event *group_leader)
{
        struct perf_cgroup *cgrp;
        struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
        struct fd f = fdget(fd);
        int ret = 0;

        if (!f.file)
                return -EBADF;

        css = css_tryget_online_from_dir(f.file->f_path.dentry,
                                         &perf_event_cgrp_subsys);
        if (IS_ERR(css)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(css);
                goto out;
        }

        cgrp = container_of(css, struct perf_cgroup, css);
        event->cgrp = cgrp;

        /*
         * all events in a group must monitor
         * the same cgroup because a task belongs
         * to only one perf cgroup at a time
         */
        if (group_leader && group_leader->cgrp != cgrp) {
                perf_detach_cgroup(event);
                ret = -EINVAL;
        }
out:
        fdput(f);
        return ret;
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_set_shadow_time(struct perf_event *event, u64 now)
{
        struct perf_cgroup_info *t;
        t = per_cpu_ptr(event->cgrp->info, event->cpu);
        event->shadow_ctx_time = now - t->timestamp;
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_defer_enabled(struct perf_event *event)
{
        /*
         * when the current task's perf cgroup does not match
         * the event's, we need to remember to call the
         * perf_mark_enable() function the first time a task with
         * a matching perf cgroup is scheduled in.
         */
        if (is_cgroup_event(event) && !perf_cgroup_match(event))
                event->cgrp_defer_enabled = 1;
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_mark_enabled(struct perf_event *event,
                         struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        struct perf_event *sub;
        u64 tstamp = perf_event_time(event);

        if (!event->cgrp_defer_enabled)
                return;

        event->cgrp_defer_enabled = 0;

        event->tstamp_enabled = tstamp - event->total_time_enabled;
        list_for_each_entry(sub, &event->sibling_list, group_entry) {
                if (sub->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE) {
                        sub->tstamp_enabled = tstamp - sub->total_time_enabled;
                        sub->cgrp_defer_enabled = 0;
                }
        }
}

/*
 * Update cpuctx->cgrp so that it is set when first cgroup event is added and
 * cleared when last cgroup event is removed.
 */
static inline void
list_update_cgroup_event(struct perf_event *event,
                         struct perf_event_context *ctx, bool add)
{
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
        struct list_head *cpuctx_entry;

        if (!is_cgroup_event(event))
                return;

        if (add && ctx->nr_cgroups++)
                return;
        else if (!add && --ctx->nr_cgroups)
                return;
        /*
         * Because cgroup events are always per-cpu events,
         * this will always be called from the right CPU.
         */
        cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        cpuctx_entry = &cpuctx->cgrp_cpuctx_entry;
        /* cpuctx->cgrp is NULL unless a cgroup event is active in this CPU .*/
        if (add) {
                list_add(cpuctx_entry, this_cpu_ptr(&cgrp_cpuctx_list));
                if (perf_cgroup_from_task(current, ctx) == event->cgrp)
                        cpuctx->cgrp = event->cgrp;
        } else {
                list_del(cpuctx_entry);
                cpuctx->cgrp = NULL;
        }
}

#else /* !CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF */

static inline bool
perf_cgroup_match(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return true;
}

static inline void perf_detach_cgroup(struct perf_event *event)
{}

static inline int is_cgroup_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return 0;
}

static inline void update_cgrp_time_from_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
}

static inline void update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
{
}

static inline void perf_cgroup_sched_out(struct task_struct *task,
                                         struct task_struct *next)
{
}

static inline void perf_cgroup_sched_in(struct task_struct *prev,
                                        struct task_struct *task)
{
}

static inline int perf_cgroup_connect(pid_t pid, struct perf_event *event,
                                      struct perf_event_attr *attr,
                                      struct perf_event *group_leader)
{
        return -EINVAL;
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(struct task_struct *task,
                          struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
}

void
perf_cgroup_switch(struct task_struct *task, struct task_struct *next)
{
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_set_shadow_time(struct perf_event *event, u64 now)
{
}

static inline u64 perf_cgroup_event_time(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return 0;
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_defer_enabled(struct perf_event *event)
{
}

static inline void
perf_cgroup_mark_enabled(struct perf_event *event,
                         struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
}

static inline void
list_update_cgroup_event(struct perf_event *event,
                         struct perf_event_context *ctx, bool add)
{
}

#endif

/*
 * set default to be dependent on timer tick just
 * like original code
 */
#define PERF_CPU_HRTIMER (1000 / HZ)
/*
 * function must be called with interrupts disabled

 */
static enum hrtimer_restart perf_mux_hrtimer_handler(struct hrtimer *hr)
{
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
        int rotations = 0;

        WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());

        cpuctx = container_of(hr, struct perf_cpu_context, hrtimer);
        rotations = perf_rotate_context(cpuctx);

        raw_spin_lock(&cpuctx->hrtimer_lock);
        if (rotations)
                hrtimer_forward_now(hr, cpuctx->hrtimer_interval);
        else
                cpuctx->hrtimer_active = 0;
        raw_spin_unlock(&cpuctx->hrtimer_lock);

        return rotations ? HRTIMER_RESTART : HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}

static void __perf_mux_hrtimer_init(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx, int cpu)
{
        struct hrtimer *timer = &cpuctx->hrtimer;
        struct pmu *pmu = cpuctx->ctx.pmu;
        u64 interval;

        /* no multiplexing needed for SW PMU */
        if (pmu->task_ctx_nr == perf_sw_context)
                return;

        /*
         * check default is sane, if not set then force to
         * default interval (1/tick)
         */
        interval = pmu->hrtimer_interval_ms;
        if (interval < 1)
                interval = pmu->hrtimer_interval_ms = PERF_CPU_HRTIMER;

        cpuctx->hrtimer_interval = ns_to_ktime(NSEC_PER_MSEC * interval);

        raw_spin_lock_init(&cpuctx->hrtimer_lock);
        hrtimer_init(timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED);
        timer->function = perf_mux_hrtimer_handler;
}

static int perf_mux_hrtimer_restart(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
{
        struct hrtimer *timer = &cpuctx->hrtimer;
        struct pmu *pmu = cpuctx->ctx.pmu;
        unsigned long flags;

        /* not for SW PMU */
        if (pmu->task_ctx_nr == perf_sw_context)
                return 0;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpuctx->hrtimer_lock, flags);
        if (!cpuctx->hrtimer_active) {
                cpuctx->hrtimer_active = 1;
                hrtimer_forward_now(timer, cpuctx->hrtimer_interval);
                hrtimer_start_expires(timer, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED);
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpuctx->hrtimer_lock, flags);

        return 0;
}

void perf_pmu_disable(struct pmu *pmu)
{
        int *count = this_cpu_ptr(pmu->pmu_disable_count);
        if (!(*count)++)
                pmu->pmu_disable(pmu);
}

void perf_pmu_enable(struct pmu *pmu)
{
        int *count = this_cpu_ptr(pmu->pmu_disable_count);
        if (!--(*count))
                pmu->pmu_enable(pmu);
}

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct list_head, active_ctx_list);

/*
 * perf_event_ctx_activate(), perf_event_ctx_deactivate(), and
 * perf_event_task_tick() are fully serialized because they're strictly cpu
 * affine and perf_event_ctx{activate,deactivate} are called with IRQs
 * disabled, while perf_event_task_tick is called from IRQ context.
 */
static void perf_event_ctx_activate(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        struct list_head *head = this_cpu_ptr(&active_ctx_list);

        WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());

        WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ctx->active_ctx_list));

        list_add(&ctx->active_ctx_list, head);
}

static void perf_event_ctx_deactivate(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());

        WARN_ON(list_empty(&ctx->active_ctx_list));

        list_del_init(&ctx->active_ctx_list);
}

static void get_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        WARN_ON(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount));
}

static void free_ctx(struct rcu_head *head)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;

        ctx = container_of(head, struct perf_event_context, rcu_head);
        kfree(ctx->task_ctx_data);
        kfree(ctx);
}

static void put_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ctx->refcount)) {
                if (ctx->parent_ctx)
                        put_ctx(ctx->parent_ctx);
                if (ctx->task && ctx->task != TASK_TOMBSTONE)
                        put_task_struct(ctx->task);
                call_rcu(&ctx->rcu_head, free_ctx);
        }
}

/*
 * Because of perf_event::ctx migration in sys_perf_event_open::move_group and
 * perf_pmu_migrate_context() we need some magic.
 *
 * Those places that change perf_event::ctx will hold both
 * perf_event_ctx::mutex of the 'old' and 'new' ctx value.
 *
 * Lock ordering is by mutex address. There are two other sites where
 * perf_event_context::mutex nests and those are:
 *
 *  - perf_event_exit_task_context()    [ child , 0 ]
 *      perf_event_exit_event()
 *        put_event()                   [ parent, 1 ]
 *
 *  - perf_event_init_context()         [ parent, 0 ]
 *      inherit_task_group()
 *        inherit_group()
 *          inherit_event()
 *            perf_event_alloc()
 *              perf_init_event()
 *                perf_try_init_event() [ child , 1 ]
 *
 * While it appears there is an obvious deadlock here -- the parent and child
 * nesting levels are inverted between the two. This is in fact safe because
 * life-time rules separate them. That is an exiting task cannot fork, and a
 * spawning task cannot (yet) exit.
 *
 * But remember that that these are parent<->child context relations, and
 * migration does not affect children, therefore these two orderings should not
 * interact.
 *
 * The change in perf_event::ctx does not affect children (as claimed above)
 * because the sys_perf_event_open() case will install a new event and break
 * the ctx parent<->child relation, and perf_pmu_migrate_context() is only
 * concerned with cpuctx and that doesn't have children.
 *
 * The places that change perf_event::ctx will issue:
 *
 *   perf_remove_from_context();
 *   synchronize_rcu();
 *   perf_install_in_context();
 *
 * to affect the change. The remove_from_context() + synchronize_rcu() should
 * quiesce the event, after which we can install it in the new location. This
 * means that only external vectors (perf_fops, prctl) can perturb the event
 * while in transit. Therefore all such accessors should also acquire
 * perf_event_context::mutex to serialize against this.
 *
 * However; because event->ctx can change while we're waiting to acquire
 * ctx->mutex we must be careful and use the below perf_event_ctx_lock()
 * function.
 *
 * Lock order:
 *    cred_guard_mutex
 *      task_struct::perf_event_mutex
 *        perf_event_context::mutex
 *          perf_event::child_mutex;
 *            perf_event_context::lock
 *          perf_event::mmap_mutex
 *          mmap_sem
 */
static struct perf_event_context *
perf_event_ctx_lock_nested(struct perf_event *event, int nesting)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;

again:
        rcu_read_lock();
        ctx = ACCESS_ONCE(event->ctx);
        if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
                rcu_read_unlock();
                goto again;
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        mutex_lock_nested(&ctx->mutex, nesting);
        if (event->ctx != ctx) {
                mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
                put_ctx(ctx);
                goto again;
        }

        return ctx;
}

static inline struct perf_event_context *
perf_event_ctx_lock(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return perf_event_ctx_lock_nested(event, 0);
}

static void perf_event_ctx_unlock(struct perf_event *event,
                                  struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
        put_ctx(ctx);
}

/*
 * This must be done under the ctx->lock, such as to serialize against
 * context_equiv(), therefore we cannot call put_ctx() since that might end up
 * calling scheduler related locks and ctx->lock nests inside those.
 */
static __must_check struct perf_event_context *
unclone_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        struct perf_event_context *parent_ctx = ctx->parent_ctx;

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        if (parent_ctx)
                ctx->parent_ctx = NULL;
        ctx->generation++;

        return parent_ctx;
}

static u32 perf_event_pid(struct perf_event *event, struct task_struct *p)
{
        /*
         * only top level events have the pid namespace they were created in
         */
        if (event->parent)
                event = event->parent;

        return task_tgid_nr_ns(p, event->ns);
}

static u32 perf_event_tid(struct perf_event *event, struct task_struct *p)
{
        /*
         * only top level events have the pid namespace they were created in
         */
        if (event->parent)
                event = event->parent;

        return task_pid_nr_ns(p, event->ns);
}

/*
 * If we inherit events we want to return the parent event id
 * to userspace.
 */
static u64 primary_event_id(struct perf_event *event)
{
        u64 id = event->id;

        if (event->parent)
                id = event->parent->id;

        return id;
}

/*
 * Get the perf_event_context for a task and lock it.
 *
 * This has to cope with with the fact that until it is locked,
 * the context could get moved to another task.
 */
static struct perf_event_context *
perf_lock_task_context(struct task_struct *task, int ctxn, unsigned long *flags)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;

retry:
        /*
         * One of the few rules of preemptible RCU is that one cannot do
         * rcu_read_unlock() while holding a scheduler (or nested) lock when
         * part of the read side critical section was irqs-enabled -- see
         * rcu_read_unlock_special().
         *
         * Since ctx->lock nests under rq->lock we must ensure the entire read
         * side critical section has interrupts disabled.
         */
        local_irq_save(*flags);
        rcu_read_lock();
        ctx = rcu_dereference(task->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn]);
        if (ctx) {
                /*
                 * If this context is a clone of another, it might
                 * get swapped for another underneath us by
                 * perf_event_task_sched_out, though the
                 * rcu_read_lock() protects us from any context
                 * getting freed.  Lock the context and check if it
                 * got swapped before we could get the lock, and retry
                 * if so.  If we locked the right context, then it
                 * can't get swapped on us any more.
                 */
                raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
                if (ctx != rcu_dereference(task->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn])) {
                        raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
                        rcu_read_unlock();
                        local_irq_restore(*flags);
                        goto retry;
                }

                if (ctx->task == TASK_TOMBSTONE ||
                    !atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
                        raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
                        ctx = NULL;
                } else {
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(ctx->task != task);
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
        if (!ctx)
                local_irq_restore(*flags);
        return ctx;
}

/*
 * Get the context for a task and increment its pin_count so it
 * can't get swapped to another task.  This also increments its
 * reference count so that the context can't get freed.
 */
static struct perf_event_context *
perf_pin_task_context(struct task_struct *task, int ctxn)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;
        unsigned long flags;

        ctx = perf_lock_task_context(task, ctxn, &flags);
        if (ctx) {
                ++ctx->pin_count;
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctx->lock, flags);
        }
        return ctx;
}

static void perf_unpin_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&ctx->lock, flags);
        --ctx->pin_count;
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctx->lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Update the record of the current time in a context.
 */
static void update_context_time(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        u64 now = perf_clock();

        ctx->time += now - ctx->timestamp;
        ctx->timestamp = now;
}

static u64 perf_event_time(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;

        if (is_cgroup_event(event))
                return perf_cgroup_event_time(event);

        return ctx ? ctx->time : 0;
}

/*
 * Update the total_time_enabled and total_time_running fields for a event.
 */
static void update_event_times(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        u64 run_end;

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        if (event->state < PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE ||
            event->group_leader->state < PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
                return;

        /*
         * in cgroup mode, time_enabled represents
         * the time the event was enabled AND active
         * tasks were in the monitored cgroup. This is
         * independent of the activity of the context as
         * there may be a mix of cgroup and non-cgroup events.
         *
         * That is why we treat cgroup events differently
         * here.
         */
        if (is_cgroup_event(event))
                run_end = perf_cgroup_event_time(event);
        else if (ctx->is_active)
                run_end = ctx->time;
        else
                run_end = event->tstamp_stopped;

        event->total_time_enabled = run_end - event->tstamp_enabled;

        if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
                run_end = event->tstamp_stopped;
        else
                run_end = perf_event_time(event);

        event->total_time_running = run_end - event->tstamp_running;

}

/*
 * Update total_time_enabled and total_time_running for all events in a group.
 */
static void update_group_times(struct perf_event *leader)
{
        struct perf_event *event;

        update_event_times(leader);
        list_for_each_entry(event, &leader->sibling_list, group_entry)
                update_event_times(event);
}

static enum event_type_t get_event_type(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        enum event_type_t event_type;

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        /*
         * It's 'group type', really, because if our group leader is
         * pinned, so are we.
         */
        if (event->group_leader != event)
                event = event->group_leader;

        event_type = event->attr.pinned ? EVENT_PINNED : EVENT_FLEXIBLE;
        if (!ctx->task)
                event_type |= EVENT_CPU;

        return event_type;
}

static struct list_head *
ctx_group_list(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        if (event->attr.pinned)
                return &ctx->pinned_groups;
        else
                return &ctx->flexible_groups;
}

/*
 * Add a event from the lists for its context.
 * Must be called with ctx->mutex and ctx->lock held.
 */
static void
list_add_event(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        WARN_ON_ONCE(event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_CONTEXT);
        event->attach_state |= PERF_ATTACH_CONTEXT;

        /*
         * If we're a stand alone event or group leader, we go to the context
         * list, group events are kept attached to the group so that
         * perf_group_detach can, at all times, locate all siblings.
         */
        if (event->group_leader == event) {
                struct list_head *list;

                event->group_caps = event->event_caps;

                list = ctx_group_list(event, ctx);
                list_add_tail(&event->group_entry, list);
        }

        list_update_cgroup_event(event, ctx, true);

        list_add_rcu(&event->event_entry, &ctx->event_list);
        ctx->nr_events++;
        if (event->attr.inherit_stat)
                ctx->nr_stat++;

        ctx->generation++;
}

/*
 * Initialize event state based on the perf_event_attr::disabled.
 */
static inline void perf_event__state_init(struct perf_event *event)
{
        event->state = event->attr.disabled ? PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF :
                                              PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE;
}

static void __perf_event_read_size(struct perf_event *event, int nr_siblings)
{
        int entry = sizeof(u64); /* value */
        int size = 0;
        int nr = 1;

        if (event->attr.read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED)
                size += sizeof(u64);

        if (event->attr.read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING)
                size += sizeof(u64);

        if (event->attr.read_format & PERF_FORMAT_ID)
                entry += sizeof(u64);

        if (event->attr.read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP) {
                nr += nr_siblings;
                size += sizeof(u64);
        }

        size += entry * nr;
        event->read_size = size;
}

static void __perf_event_header_size(struct perf_event *event, u64 sample_type)
{
        struct perf_sample_data *data;
        u16 size = 0;

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_IP)
                size += sizeof(data->ip);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR)
                size += sizeof(data->addr);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD)
                size += sizeof(data->period);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT)
                size += sizeof(data->weight);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_READ)
                size += event->read_size;

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC)
                size += sizeof(data->data_src.val);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION)
                size += sizeof(data->txn);

        event->header_size = size;
}

/*
 * Called at perf_event creation and when events are attached/detached from a
 * group.
 */
static void perf_event__header_size(struct perf_event *event)
{
        __perf_event_read_size(event,
                               event->group_leader->nr_siblings);
        __perf_event_header_size(event, event->attr.sample_type);
}

static void perf_event__id_header_size(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_sample_data *data;
        u64 sample_type = event->attr.sample_type;
        u16 size = 0;

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID)
                size += sizeof(data->tid_entry);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME)
                size += sizeof(data->time);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER)
                size += sizeof(data->id);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID)
                size += sizeof(data->id);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID)
                size += sizeof(data->stream_id);

        if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU)
                size += sizeof(data->cpu_entry);

        event->id_header_size = size;
}

static bool perf_event_validate_size(struct perf_event *event)
{
        /*
         * The values computed here will be over-written when we actually
         * attach the event.
         */
        __perf_event_read_size(event, event->group_leader->nr_siblings + 1);
        __perf_event_header_size(event, event->attr.sample_type & ~PERF_SAMPLE_READ);
        perf_event__id_header_size(event);

        /*
         * Sum the lot; should not exceed the 64k limit we have on records.
         * Conservative limit to allow for callchains and other variable fields.
         */
        if (event->read_size + event->header_size +
            event->id_header_size + sizeof(struct perf_event_header) >= 16*1024)
                return false;

        return true;
}

static void perf_group_attach(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event *group_leader = event->group_leader, *pos;

        lockdep_assert_held(&event->ctx->lock);

        /*
         * We can have double attach due to group movement in perf_event_open.
         */
        if (event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_GROUP)
                return;

        event->attach_state |= PERF_ATTACH_GROUP;

        if (group_leader == event)
                return;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(group_leader->ctx != event->ctx);

        group_leader->group_caps &= event->event_caps;

        list_add_tail(&event->group_entry, &group_leader->sibling_list);
        group_leader->nr_siblings++;

        perf_event__header_size(group_leader);

        list_for_each_entry(pos, &group_leader->sibling_list, group_entry)
                perf_event__header_size(pos);
}

/*
 * Remove a event from the lists for its context.
 * Must be called with ctx->mutex and ctx->lock held.
 */
static void
list_del_event(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        WARN_ON_ONCE(event->ctx != ctx);
        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        /*
         * We can have double detach due to exit/hot-unplug + close.
         */
        if (!(event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_CONTEXT))
                return;

        event->attach_state &= ~PERF_ATTACH_CONTEXT;

        list_update_cgroup_event(event, ctx, false);

        ctx->nr_events--;
        if (event->attr.inherit_stat)
                ctx->nr_stat--;

        list_del_rcu(&event->event_entry);

        if (event->group_leader == event)
                list_del_init(&event->group_entry);

        update_group_times(event);

        /*
         * If event was in error state, then keep it
         * that way, otherwise bogus counts will be
         * returned on read(). The only way to get out
         * of error state is by explicit re-enabling
         * of the event
         */
        if (event->state > PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
                event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;

        ctx->generation++;
}

static void perf_group_detach(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event *sibling, *tmp;
        struct list_head *list = NULL;

        lockdep_assert_held(&event->ctx->lock);

        /*
         * We can have double detach due to exit/hot-unplug + close.
         */
        if (!(event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_GROUP))
                return;

        event->attach_state &= ~PERF_ATTACH_GROUP;

        /*
         * If this is a sibling, remove it from its group.
         */
        if (event->group_leader != event) {
                list_del_init(&event->group_entry);
                event->group_leader->nr_siblings--;
                goto out;
        }

        if (!list_empty(&event->group_entry))
                list = &event->group_entry;

        /*
         * If this was a group event with sibling events then
         * upgrade the siblings to singleton events by adding them
         * to whatever list we are on.
         */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(sibling, tmp, &event->sibling_list, group_entry) {
                if (list)
                        list_move_tail(&sibling->group_entry, list);
                sibling->group_leader = sibling;

                /* Inherit group flags from the previous leader */
                sibling->group_caps = event->group_caps;

                WARN_ON_ONCE(sibling->ctx != event->ctx);
        }

out:
        perf_event__header_size(event->group_leader);

        list_for_each_entry(tmp, &event->group_leader->sibling_list, group_entry)
                perf_event__header_size(tmp);
}

static bool is_orphaned_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_DEAD;
}

static inline int __pmu_filter_match(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct pmu *pmu = event->pmu;
        return pmu->filter_match ? pmu->filter_match(event) : 1;
}

/*
 * Check whether we should attempt to schedule an event group based on
 * PMU-specific filtering. An event group can consist of HW and SW events,
 * potentially with a SW leader, so we must check all the filters, to
 * determine whether a group is schedulable:
 */
static inline int pmu_filter_match(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event *child;

        if (!__pmu_filter_match(event))
                return 0;

        list_for_each_entry(child, &event->sibling_list, group_entry) {
                if (!__pmu_filter_match(child))
                        return 0;
        }

        return 1;
}

static inline int
event_filter_match(struct perf_event *event)
{
        return (event->cpu == -1 || event->cpu == smp_processor_id()) &&
               perf_cgroup_match(event) && pmu_filter_match(event);
}

static void
event_sched_out(struct perf_event *event,
                  struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                  struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        u64 tstamp = perf_event_time(event);
        u64 delta;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(event->ctx != ctx);
        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        /*
         * An event which could not be activated because of
         * filter mismatch still needs to have its timings
         * maintained, otherwise bogus information is return
         * via read() for time_enabled, time_running:
         */
        if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE &&
            !event_filter_match(event)) {
                delta = tstamp - event->tstamp_stopped;
                event->tstamp_running += delta;
                event->tstamp_stopped = tstamp;
        }

        if (event->state != PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE)
                return;

        perf_pmu_disable(event->pmu);

        event->tstamp_stopped = tstamp;
        event->pmu->del(event, 0);
        event->oncpu = -1;
        event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE;
        if (event->pending_disable) {
                event->pending_disable = 0;
                event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
        }

        if (!is_software_event(event))
                cpuctx->active_oncpu--;
        if (!--ctx->nr_active)
                perf_event_ctx_deactivate(ctx);
        if (event->attr.freq && event->attr.sample_freq)
                ctx->nr_freq--;
        if (event->attr.exclusive || !cpuctx->active_oncpu)
                cpuctx->exclusive = 0;

        perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);
}

static void
group_sched_out(struct perf_event *group_event,
                struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        struct perf_event *event;
        int state = group_event->state;

        perf_pmu_disable(ctx->pmu);

        event_sched_out(group_event, cpuctx, ctx);

        /*
         * Schedule out siblings (if any):
         */
        list_for_each_entry(event, &group_event->sibling_list, group_entry)
                event_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);

        perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);

        if (state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE && group_event->attr.exclusive)
                cpuctx->exclusive = 0;
}

#define DETACH_GROUP    0x01UL

/*
 * Cross CPU call to remove a performance event
 *
 * We disable the event on the hardware level first. After that we
 * remove it from the context list.
 */
static void
__perf_remove_from_context(struct perf_event *event,
                           struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                           struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                           void *info)
{
        unsigned long flags = (unsigned long)info;

        event_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
        if (flags & DETACH_GROUP)
                perf_group_detach(event);
        list_del_event(event, ctx);

        if (!ctx->nr_events && ctx->is_active) {
                ctx->is_active = 0;
                if (ctx->task) {
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx);
                        cpuctx->task_ctx = NULL;
                }
        }
}

/*
 * Remove the event from a task's (or a CPU's) list of events.
 *
 * If event->ctx is a cloned context, callers must make sure that
 * every task struct that event->ctx->task could possibly point to
 * remains valid.  This is OK when called from perf_release since
 * that only calls us on the top-level context, which can't be a clone.
 * When called from perf_event_exit_task, it's OK because the
 * context has been detached from its task.
 */
static void perf_remove_from_context(struct perf_event *event, unsigned long flags)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);

        event_function_call(event, __perf_remove_from_context, (void *)flags);

        /*
         * The above event_function_call() can NO-OP when it hits
         * TASK_TOMBSTONE. In that case we must already have been detached
         * from the context (by perf_event_exit_event()) but the grouping
         * might still be in-tact.
         */
        WARN_ON_ONCE(event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_CONTEXT);
        if ((flags & DETACH_GROUP) &&
            (event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_GROUP)) {
                /*
                 * Since in that case we cannot possibly be scheduled, simply
                 * detach now.
                 */
                raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock);
                perf_group_detach(event);
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
        }
}

/*
 * Cross CPU call to disable a performance event
 */
static void __perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event,
                                 struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                                 struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                                 void *info)
{
        if (event->state < PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
                return;

        update_context_time(ctx);
        update_cgrp_time_from_event(event);
        update_group_times(event);
        if (event == event->group_leader)
                group_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
        else
                event_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
        event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
}

/*
 * Disable a event.
 *
 * If event->ctx is a cloned context, callers must make sure that
 * every task struct that event->ctx->task could possibly point to
 * remains valid.  This condition is satisifed when called through
 * perf_event_for_each_child or perf_event_for_each because they
 * hold the top-level event's child_mutex, so any descendant that
 * goes to exit will block in perf_event_exit_event().
 *
 * When called from perf_pending_event it's OK because event->ctx
 * is the current context on this CPU and preemption is disabled,
 * hence we can't get into perf_event_task_sched_out for this context.
 */
static void _perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;

        raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock);
        if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
                return;
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);

        event_function_call(event, __perf_event_disable, NULL);
}

void perf_event_disable_local(struct perf_event *event)
{
        event_function_local(event, __perf_event_disable, NULL);
}

/*
 * Strictly speaking kernel users cannot create groups and therefore this
 * interface does not need the perf_event_ctx_lock() magic.
 */
void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;

        ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
        _perf_event_disable(event);
        perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_disable);

void perf_event_disable_inatomic(struct perf_event *event)
{
        event->pending_disable = 1;
        irq_work_queue(&event->pending);
}

static void perf_set_shadow_time(struct perf_event *event,
                                 struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                                 u64 tstamp)
{
        /*
         * use the correct time source for the time snapshot
         *
         * We could get by without this by leveraging the
         * fact that to get to this function, the caller
         * has most likely already called update_context_time()
         * and update_cgrp_time_xx() and thus both timestamp
         * are identical (or very close). Given that tstamp is,
         * already adjusted for cgroup, we could say that:
         *    tstamp - ctx->timestamp
         * is equivalent to
         *    tstamp - cgrp->timestamp.
         *
         * Then, in perf_output_read(), the calculation would
         * work with no changes because:
         * - event is guaranteed scheduled in
         * - no scheduled out in between
         * - thus the timestamp would be the same
         *
         * But this is a bit hairy.
         *
         * So instead, we have an explicit cgroup call to remain
         * within the time time source all along. We believe it
         * is cleaner and simpler to understand.
         */
        if (is_cgroup_event(event))
                perf_cgroup_set_shadow_time(event, tstamp);
        else
                event->shadow_ctx_time = tstamp - ctx->timestamp;
}

#define MAX_INTERRUPTS (~0ULL)

static void perf_log_throttle(struct perf_event *event, int enable);
static void perf_log_itrace_start(struct perf_event *event);

static int
event_sched_in(struct perf_event *event,
                 struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                 struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        u64 tstamp = perf_event_time(event);
        int ret = 0;

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
                return 0;

        WRITE_ONCE(event->oncpu, smp_processor_id());
        /*
         * Order event::oncpu write to happen before the ACTIVE state
         * is visible.
         */
        smp_wmb();
        WRITE_ONCE(event->state, PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE);

        /*
         * Unthrottle events, since we scheduled we might have missed several
         * ticks already, also for a heavily scheduling task there is little
         * guarantee it'll get a tick in a timely manner.
         */
        if (unlikely(event->hw.interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS)) {
                perf_log_throttle(event, 1);
                event->hw.interrupts = 0;
        }

        /*
         * The new state must be visible before we turn it on in the hardware:
         */
        smp_wmb();

        perf_pmu_disable(event->pmu);

        perf_set_shadow_time(event, ctx, tstamp);

        perf_log_itrace_start(event);

        if (event->pmu->add(event, PERF_EF_START)) {
                event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE;
                event->oncpu = -1;
                ret = -EAGAIN;
                goto out;
        }

        event->tstamp_running += tstamp - event->tstamp_stopped;

        if (!is_software_event(event))
                cpuctx->active_oncpu++;
        if (!ctx->nr_active++)
                perf_event_ctx_activate(ctx);
        if (event->attr.freq && event->attr.sample_freq)
                ctx->nr_freq++;

        if (event->attr.exclusive)
                cpuctx->exclusive = 1;

out:
        perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);

        return ret;
}

static int
group_sched_in(struct perf_event *group_event,
               struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
               struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        struct perf_event *event, *partial_group = NULL;
        struct pmu *pmu = ctx->pmu;
        u64 now = ctx->time;
        bool simulate = false;

        if (group_event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
                return 0;

        pmu->start_txn(pmu, PERF_PMU_TXN_ADD);

        if (event_sched_in(group_event, cpuctx, ctx)) {
                pmu->cancel_txn(pmu);
                perf_mux_hrtimer_restart(cpuctx);
                return -EAGAIN;
        }

        /*
         * Schedule in siblings as one group (if any):
         */
        list_for_each_entry(event, &group_event->sibling_list, group_entry) {
                if (event_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx)) {
                        partial_group = event;
                        goto group_error;
                }
        }

        if (!pmu->commit_txn(pmu))
                return 0;

group_error:
        /*
         * Groups can be scheduled in as one unit only, so undo any
         * partial group before returning:
         * The events up to the failed event are scheduled out normally,
         * tstamp_stopped will be updated.
         *
         * The failed events and the remaining siblings need to have
         * their timings updated as if they had gone thru event_sched_in()
         * and event_sched_out(). This is required to get consistent timings
         * across the group. This also takes care of the case where the group
         * could never be scheduled by ensuring tstamp_stopped is set to mark
         * the time the event was actually stopped, such that time delta
         * calculation in update_event_times() is correct.
         */
        list_for_each_entry(event, &group_event->sibling_list, group_entry) {
                if (event == partial_group)
                        simulate = true;

                if (simulate) {
                        event->tstamp_running += now - event->tstamp_stopped;
                        event->tstamp_stopped = now;
                } else {
                        event_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
                }
        }
        event_sched_out(group_event, cpuctx, ctx);

        pmu->cancel_txn(pmu);

        perf_mux_hrtimer_restart(cpuctx);

        return -EAGAIN;
}

/*
 * Work out whether we can put this event group on the CPU now.
 */
static int group_can_go_on(struct perf_event *event,
                           struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                           int can_add_hw)
{
        /*
         * Groups consisting entirely of software events can always go on.
         */
        if (event->group_caps & PERF_EV_CAP_SOFTWARE)
                return 1;
        /*
         * If an exclusive group is already on, no other hardware
         * events can go on.
         */
        if (cpuctx->exclusive)
                return 0;
        /*
         * If this group is exclusive and there are already
         * events on the CPU, it can't go on.
         */
        if (event->attr.exclusive && cpuctx->active_oncpu)
                return 0;
        /*
         * Otherwise, try to add it if all previous groups were able
         * to go on.
         */
        return can_add_hw;
}

/*
 * Complement to update_event_times(). This computes the tstamp_* values to
 * continue 'enabled' state from @now, and effectively discards the time
 * between the prior tstamp_stopped and now (as we were in the OFF state, or
 * just switched (context) time base).
 *
 * This further assumes '@event->state == INACTIVE' (we just came from OFF) and
 * cannot have been scheduled in yet. And going into INACTIVE state means
 * '@event->tstamp_stopped = @now'.
 *
 * Thus given the rules of update_event_times():
 *
 *   total_time_enabled = tstamp_stopped - tstamp_enabled
 *   total_time_running = tstamp_stopped - tstamp_running
 *
 * We can insert 'tstamp_stopped == now' and reverse them to compute new
 * tstamp_* values.
 */
static void __perf_event_enable_time(struct perf_event *event, u64 now)
{
        WARN_ON_ONCE(event->state != PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE);

        event->tstamp_stopped = now;
        event->tstamp_enabled = now - event->total_time_enabled;
        event->tstamp_running = now - event->total_time_running;
}

static void add_event_to_ctx(struct perf_event *event,
                               struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        u64 tstamp = perf_event_time(event);

        list_add_event(event, ctx);
        perf_group_attach(event);
        /*
         * We can be called with event->state == STATE_OFF when we create with
         * .disabled = 1. In that case the IOC_ENABLE will call this function.
         */
        if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
                __perf_event_enable_time(event, tstamp);
}

static void ctx_sched_out(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                          struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                          enum event_type_t event_type);
static void
ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
             struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
             enum event_type_t event_type,
             struct task_struct *task);

static void task_ctx_sched_out(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                               struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                               enum event_type_t event_type)
{
        if (!cpuctx->task_ctx)
                return;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ctx != cpuctx->task_ctx))
                return;

        ctx_sched_out(ctx, cpuctx, event_type);
}

static void perf_event_sched_in(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                                struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                                struct task_struct *task)
{
        cpu_ctx_sched_in(cpuctx, EVENT_PINNED, task);
        if (ctx)
                ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_PINNED, task);
        cpu_ctx_sched_in(cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE, task);
        if (ctx)
                ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE, task);
}

/*
 * We want to maintain the following priority of scheduling:
 *  - CPU pinned (EVENT_CPU | EVENT_PINNED)
 *  - task pinned (EVENT_PINNED)
 *  - CPU flexible (EVENT_CPU | EVENT_FLEXIBLE)
 *  - task flexible (EVENT_FLEXIBLE).
 *
 * In order to avoid unscheduling and scheduling back in everything every
 * time an event is added, only do it for the groups of equal priority and
 * below.
 *
 * This can be called after a batch operation on task events, in which case
 * event_type is a bit mask of the types of events involved. For CPU events,
 * event_type is only either EVENT_PINNED or EVENT_FLEXIBLE.
 */
static void ctx_resched(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                        struct perf_event_context *task_ctx,
                        enum event_type_t event_type)
{
        enum event_type_t ctx_event_type = event_type & EVENT_ALL;
        bool cpu_event = !!(event_type & EVENT_CPU);

        /*
         * If pinned groups are involved, flexible groups also need to be
         * scheduled out.
         */
        if (event_type & EVENT_PINNED)
                event_type |= EVENT_FLEXIBLE;

        perf_pmu_disable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);
        if (task_ctx)
                task_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, task_ctx, event_type);

        /*
         * Decide which cpu ctx groups to schedule out based on the types
         * of events that caused rescheduling:
         *  - EVENT_CPU: schedule out corresponding groups;
         *  - EVENT_PINNED task events: schedule out EVENT_FLEXIBLE groups;
         *  - otherwise, do nothing more.
         */
        if (cpu_event)
                cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, ctx_event_type);
        else if (ctx_event_type & EVENT_PINNED)
                cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE);

        perf_event_sched_in(cpuctx, task_ctx, current);
        perf_pmu_enable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);
}

/*
 * Cross CPU call to install and enable a performance event
 *
 * Very similar to remote_function() + event_function() but cannot assume that
 * things like ctx->is_active and cpuctx->task_ctx are set.
 */
static int  __perf_install_in_context(void *info)
{
        struct perf_event *event = info;
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        struct perf_event_context *task_ctx = cpuctx->task_ctx;
        bool reprogram = true;
        int ret = 0;

        raw_spin_lock(&cpuctx->ctx.lock);
        if (ctx->task) {
                raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
                task_ctx = ctx;

                reprogram = (ctx->task == current);

                /*
                 * If the task is running, it must be running on this CPU,
                 * otherwise we cannot reprogram things.
                 *
                 * If its not running, we don't care, ctx->lock will
                 * serialize against it becoming runnable.
                 */
                if (task_curr(ctx->task) && !reprogram) {
                        ret = -ESRCH;
                        goto unlock;
                }

                WARN_ON_ONCE(reprogram && cpuctx->task_ctx && cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx);
        } else if (task_ctx) {
                raw_spin_lock(&task_ctx->lock);
        }

        if (reprogram) {
                ctx_sched_out(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_TIME);
                add_event_to_ctx(event, ctx);
                ctx_resched(cpuctx, task_ctx, get_event_type(event));
        } else {
                add_event_to_ctx(event, ctx);
        }

unlock:
        perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, task_ctx);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Attach a performance event to a context.
 *
 * Very similar to event_function_call, see comment there.
 */
static void
perf_install_in_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                        struct perf_event *event,
                        int cpu)
{
        struct task_struct *task = READ_ONCE(ctx->task);

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);

        if (event->cpu != -1)
                event->cpu = cpu;

        /*
         * Ensures that if we can observe event->ctx, both the event and ctx
         * will be 'complete'. See perf_iterate_sb_cpu().
         */
        smp_store_release(&event->ctx, ctx);

        if (!task) {
                cpu_function_call(cpu, __perf_install_in_context, event);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Should not happen, we validate the ctx is still alive before calling.
         */
        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(task == TASK_TOMBSTONE))
                return;

        /*
         * Installing events is tricky because we cannot rely on ctx->is_active
         * to be set in case this is the nr_events 0 -> 1 transition.
         *
         * Instead we use task_curr(), which tells us if the task is running.
         * However, since we use task_curr() outside of rq::lock, we can race
         * against the actual state. This means the result can be wrong.
         *
         * If we get a false positive, we retry, this is harmless.
         *
         * If we get a false negative, things are complicated. If we are after
         * perf_event_context_sched_in() ctx::lock will serialize us, and the
         * value must be correct. If we're before, it doesn't matter since
         * perf_event_context_sched_in() will program the counter.
         *
         * However, this hinges on the remote context switch having observed
         * our task->perf_event_ctxp[] store, such that it will in fact take
         * ctx::lock in perf_event_context_sched_in().
         *
         * We do this by task_function_call(), if the IPI fails to hit the task
         * we know any future context switch of task must see the
         * perf_event_ctpx[] store.
         */

        /*
         * This smp_mb() orders the task->perf_event_ctxp[] store with the
         * task_cpu() load, such that if the IPI then does not find the task
         * running, a future context switch of that task must observe the
         * store.
         */
        smp_mb();
again:
        if (!task_function_call(task, __perf_install_in_context, event))
                return;

        raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock);
        task = ctx->task;
        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(task == TASK_TOMBSTONE)) {
                /*
                 * Cannot happen because we already checked above (which also
                 * cannot happen), and we hold ctx->mutex, which serializes us
                 * against perf_event_exit_task_context().
                 */
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
                return;
        }
        /*
         * If the task is not running, ctx->lock will avoid it becoming so,
         * thus we can safely install the event.
         */
        if (task_curr(task)) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
                goto again;
        }
        add_event_to_ctx(event, ctx);
        raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
}

/*
 * Put a event into inactive state and update time fields.
 * Enabling the leader of a group effectively enables all
 * the group members that aren't explicitly disabled, so we
 * have to update their ->tstamp_enabled also.
 * Note: this works for group members as well as group leaders
 * since the non-leader members' sibling_lists will be empty.
 */
static void __perf_event_mark_enabled(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event *sub;
        u64 tstamp = perf_event_time(event);

        event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE;
        __perf_event_enable_time(event, tstamp);
        list_for_each_entry(sub, &event->sibling_list, group_entry) {
                /* XXX should not be > INACTIVE if event isn't */
                if (sub->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
                        __perf_event_enable_time(sub, tstamp);
        }
}

/*
 * Cross CPU call to enable a performance event
 */
static void __perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event,
                                struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                                struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                                void *info)
{
        struct perf_event *leader = event->group_leader;
        struct perf_event_context *task_ctx;

        if (event->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE ||
            event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR)
                return;

        if (ctx->is_active)
                ctx_sched_out(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_TIME);

        __perf_event_mark_enabled(event);

        if (!ctx->is_active)
                return;

        if (!event_filter_match(event)) {
                if (is_cgroup_event(event))
                        perf_cgroup_defer_enabled(event);
                ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_TIME, current);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * If the event is in a group and isn't the group leader,
         * then don't put it on unless the group is on.
         */
        if (leader != event && leader->state != PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE) {
                ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_TIME, current);
                return;
        }

        task_ctx = cpuctx->task_ctx;
        if (ctx->task)
                WARN_ON_ONCE(task_ctx != ctx);

        ctx_resched(cpuctx, task_ctx, get_event_type(event));
}

/*
 * Enable a event.
 *
 * If event->ctx is a cloned context, callers must make sure that
 * every task struct that event->ctx->task could possibly point to
 * remains valid.  This condition is satisfied when called through
 * perf_event_for_each_child or perf_event_for_each as described
 * for perf_event_disable.
 */
static void _perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;

        raw_spin_lock_irq(&ctx->lock);
        if (event->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE ||
            event->state <  PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * If the event is in error state, clear that first.
         *
         * That way, if we see the event in error state below, we know that it
         * has gone back into error state, as distinct from the task having
         * been scheduled away before the cross-call arrived.
         */
        if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR)
                event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
        raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);

        event_function_call(event, __perf_event_enable, NULL);
}

/*
 * See perf_event_disable();
 */
void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;

        ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
        _perf_event_enable(event);
        perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_enable);

struct stop_event_data {
        struct perf_event       *event;
        unsigned int            restart;
};

static int __perf_event_stop(void *info)
{
        struct stop_event_data *sd = info;
        struct perf_event *event = sd->event;

        /* if it's already INACTIVE, do nothing */
        if (READ_ONCE(event->state) != PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE)
                return 0;

        /* matches smp_wmb() in event_sched_in() */
        smp_rmb();

        /*
         * There is a window with interrupts enabled before we get here,
         * so we need to check again lest we try to stop another CPU's event.
         */
        if (READ_ONCE(event->oncpu) != smp_processor_id())
                return -EAGAIN;

        event->pmu->stop(event, PERF_EF_UPDATE);

        /*
         * May race with the actual stop (through perf_pmu_output_stop()),
         * but it is only used for events with AUX ring buffer, and such
         * events will refuse to restart because of rb::aux_mmap_count==0,
         * see comments in perf_aux_output_begin().
         *
         * Since this is happening on a event-local CPU, no trace is lost
         * while restarting.
         */
        if (sd->restart)
                event->pmu->start(event, 0);

        return 0;
}

static int perf_event_stop(struct perf_event *event, int restart)
{
        struct stop_event_data sd = {
                .event          = event,
                .restart        = restart,
        };
        int ret = 0;

        do {
                if (READ_ONCE(event->state) != PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE)
                        return 0;

                /* matches smp_wmb() in event_sched_in() */
                smp_rmb();

                /*
                 * We only want to restart ACTIVE events, so if the event goes
                 * inactive here (event->oncpu==-1), there's nothing more to do;
                 * fall through with ret==-ENXIO.
                 */
                ret = cpu_function_call(READ_ONCE(event->oncpu),
                                        __perf_event_stop, &sd);
        } while (ret == -EAGAIN);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * In order to contain the amount of racy and tricky in the address filter
 * configuration management, it is a two part process:
 *
 * (p1) when userspace mappings change as a result of (1) or (2) or (3) below,
 *      we update the addresses of corresponding vmas in
 *      event::addr_filters_offs array and bump the event::addr_filters_gen;
 * (p2) when an event is scheduled in (pmu::add), it calls
 *      perf_event_addr_filters_sync() which calls pmu::addr_filters_sync()
 *      if the generation has changed since the previous call.
 *
 * If (p1) happens while the event is active, we restart it to force (p2).
 *
 * (1) perf_addr_filters_apply(): adjusting filters' offsets based on
 *     pre-existing mappings, called once when new filters arrive via SET_FILTER
 *     ioctl;
 * (2) perf_addr_filters_adjust(): adjusting filters' offsets based on newly
 *     registered mapping, called for every new mmap(), with mm::mmap_sem down
 *     for reading;
 * (3) perf_event_addr_filters_exec(): clearing filters' offsets in the process
 *     of exec.
 */
void perf_event_addr_filters_sync(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_addr_filters_head *ifh = perf_event_addr_filters(event);

        if (!has_addr_filter(event))
                return;

        raw_spin_lock(&ifh->lock);
        if (event->addr_filters_gen != event->hw.addr_filters_gen) {
                event->pmu->addr_filters_sync(event);
                event->hw.addr_filters_gen = event->addr_filters_gen;
        }
        raw_spin_unlock(&ifh->lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_addr_filters_sync);

static int _perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
{
        /*
         * not supported on inherited events
         */
        if (event->attr.inherit || !is_sampling_event(event))
                return -EINVAL;

        atomic_add(refresh, &event->event_limit);
        _perf_event_enable(event);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * See perf_event_disable()
 */
int perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;
        int ret;

        ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
        ret = _perf_event_refresh(event, refresh);
        perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_refresh);

static void ctx_sched_out(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                          struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                          enum event_type_t event_type)
{
        int is_active = ctx->is_active;
        struct perf_event *event;

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        if (likely(!ctx->nr_events)) {
                /*
                 * See __perf_remove_from_context().
                 */
                WARN_ON_ONCE(ctx->is_active);
                if (ctx->task)
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx);
                return;
        }

        ctx->is_active &= ~event_type;
        if (!(ctx->is_active & EVENT_ALL))
                ctx->is_active = 0;

        if (ctx->task) {
                WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx);
                if (!ctx->is_active)
                        cpuctx->task_ctx = NULL;
        }

        /*
         * Always update time if it was set; not only when it changes.
         * Otherwise we can 'forget' to update time for any but the last
         * context we sched out. For example:
         *
         *   ctx_sched_out(.event_type = EVENT_FLEXIBLE)
         *   ctx_sched_out(.event_type = EVENT_PINNED)
         *
         * would only update time for the pinned events.
         */
        if (is_active & EVENT_TIME) {
                /* update (and stop) ctx time */
                update_context_time(ctx);
                update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(cpuctx);
        }

        is_active ^= ctx->is_active; /* changed bits */

        if (!ctx->nr_active || !(is_active & EVENT_ALL))
                return;

        perf_pmu_disable(ctx->pmu);
        if (is_active & EVENT_PINNED) {
                list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->pinned_groups, group_entry)
                        group_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
        }

        if (is_active & EVENT_FLEXIBLE) {
                list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->flexible_groups, group_entry)
                        group_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
        }
        perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);
}

/*
 * Test whether two contexts are equivalent, i.e. whether they have both been
 * cloned from the same version of the same context.
 *
 * Equivalence is measured using a generation number in the context that is
 * incremented on each modification to it; see unclone_ctx(), list_add_event()
 * and list_del_event().
 */
static int context_equiv(struct perf_event_context *ctx1,
                         struct perf_event_context *ctx2)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx1->lock);
        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx2->lock);

        /* Pinning disables the swap optimization */
        if (ctx1->pin_count || ctx2->pin_count)
                return 0;

        /* If ctx1 is the parent of ctx2 */
        if (ctx1 == ctx2->parent_ctx && ctx1->generation == ctx2->parent_gen)
                return 1;

        /* If ctx2 is the parent of ctx1 */
        if (ctx1->parent_ctx == ctx2 && ctx1->parent_gen == ctx2->generation)
                return 1;

        /*
         * If ctx1 and ctx2 have the same parent; we flatten the parent
         * hierarchy, see perf_event_init_context().
         */
        if (ctx1->parent_ctx && ctx1->parent_ctx == ctx2->parent_ctx &&
                        ctx1->parent_gen == ctx2->parent_gen)
                return 1;

        /* Unmatched */
        return 0;
}

static void __perf_event_sync_stat(struct perf_event *event,
                                     struct perf_event *next_event)
{
        u64 value;

        if (!event->attr.inherit_stat)
                return;

        /*
         * Update the event value, we cannot use perf_event_read()
         * because we're in the middle of a context switch and have IRQs
         * disabled, which upsets smp_call_function_single(), however
         * we know the event must be on the current CPU, therefore we
         * don't need to use it.
         */
        switch (event->state) {
        case PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE:
                event->pmu->read(event);
                /* fall-through */

        case PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE:
                update_event_times(event);
                break;

        default:
                break;
        }

        /*
         * In order to keep per-task stats reliable we need to flip the event
         * values when we flip the contexts.
         */
        value = local64_read(&next_event->count);
        value = local64_xchg(&event->count, value);
        local64_set(&next_event->count, value);

        swap(event->total_time_enabled, next_event->total_time_enabled);
        swap(event->total_time_running, next_event->total_time_running);

        /*
         * Since we swizzled the values, update the user visible data too.
         */
        perf_event_update_userpage(event);
        perf_event_update_userpage(next_event);
}

static void perf_event_sync_stat(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                                   struct perf_event_context *next_ctx)
{
        struct perf_event *event, *next_event;

        if (!ctx->nr_stat)
                return;

        update_context_time(ctx);

        event = list_first_entry(&ctx->event_list,
                                   struct perf_event, event_entry);

        next_event = list_first_entry(&next_ctx->event_list,
                                        struct perf_event, event_entry);

        while (&event->event_entry != &ctx->event_list &&
               &next_event->event_entry != &next_ctx->event_list) {

                __perf_event_sync_stat(event, next_event);

                event = list_next_entry(event, event_entry);
                next_event = list_next_entry(next_event, event_entry);
        }
}

static void perf_event_context_sched_out(struct task_struct *task, int ctxn,
                                         struct task_struct *next)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = task->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn];
        struct perf_event_context *next_ctx;
        struct perf_event_context *parent, *next_parent;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
        int do_switch = 1;

        if (likely(!ctx))
                return;

        cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        if (!cpuctx->task_ctx)
                return;

        rcu_read_lock();
        next_ctx = next->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn];
        if (!next_ctx)
                goto unlock;

        parent = rcu_dereference(ctx->parent_ctx);
        next_parent = rcu_dereference(next_ctx->parent_ctx);

        /* If neither context have a parent context; they cannot be clones. */
        if (!parent && !next_parent)
                goto unlock;

        if (next_parent == ctx || next_ctx == parent || next_parent == parent) {
                /*
                 * Looks like the two contexts are clones, so we might be
                 * able to optimize the context switch.  We lock both
                 * contexts and check that they are clones under the
                 * lock (including re-checking that neither has been
                 * uncloned in the meantime).  It doesn't matter which
                 * order we take the locks because no other cpu could
                 * be trying to lock both of these tasks.
                 */
                raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
                raw_spin_lock_nested(&next_ctx->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
                if (context_equiv(ctx, next_ctx)) {
                        WRITE_ONCE(ctx->task, next);
                        WRITE_ONCE(next_ctx->task, task);

                        swap(ctx->task_ctx_data, next_ctx->task_ctx_data);

                        /*
                         * RCU_INIT_POINTER here is safe because we've not
                         * modified the ctx and the above modification of
                         * ctx->task and ctx->task_ctx_data are immaterial
                         * since those values are always verified under
                         * ctx->lock which we're now holding.
                         */
                        RCU_INIT_POINTER(task->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn], next_ctx);
                        RCU_INIT_POINTER(next->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn], ctx);

                        do_switch = 0;

                        perf_event_sync_stat(ctx, next_ctx);
                }
                raw_spin_unlock(&next_ctx->lock);
                raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
        }
unlock:
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (do_switch) {
                raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
                task_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, ctx, EVENT_ALL);
                raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
        }
}

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct list_head, sched_cb_list);

void perf_sched_cb_dec(struct pmu *pmu)
{
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = this_cpu_ptr(pmu->pmu_cpu_context);

        this_cpu_dec(perf_sched_cb_usages);

        if (!--cpuctx->sched_cb_usage)
                list_del(&cpuctx->sched_cb_entry);
}


void perf_sched_cb_inc(struct pmu *pmu)

{
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = this_cpu_ptr(pmu->pmu_cpu_context);

        if (!cpuctx->sched_cb_usage++)
                list_add(&cpuctx->sched_cb_entry, this_cpu_ptr(&sched_cb_list));

        this_cpu_inc(perf_sched_cb_usages);
}

/*
 * This function provides the context switch callback to the lower code
 * layer. It is invoked ONLY when the context switch callback is enabled.
 *
 * This callback is relevant even to per-cpu events; for example multi event
 * PEBS requires this to provide PID/TID information. This requires we flush
 * all queued PEBS records before we context switch to a new task.
 */
static void perf_pmu_sched_task(struct task_struct *prev,
                                struct task_struct *next,
                                bool sched_in)
{
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
        struct pmu *pmu;

        if (prev == next)
                return;

        list_for_each_entry(cpuctx, this_cpu_ptr(&sched_cb_list), sched_cb_entry) {
                pmu = cpuctx->ctx.pmu; /* software PMUs will not have sched_task */

                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!pmu->sched_task))
                        continue;

                perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, cpuctx->task_ctx);
                perf_pmu_disable(pmu);

                pmu->sched_task(cpuctx->task_ctx, sched_in);

                perf_pmu_enable(pmu);
                perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, cpuctx->task_ctx);
        }
}

static void perf_event_switch(struct task_struct *task,
                              struct task_struct *next_prev, bool sched_in);

#define for_each_task_context_nr(ctxn)                                  \
        for ((ctxn) = 0; (ctxn) < perf_nr_task_contexts; (ctxn)++)

/*
 * Called from scheduler to remove the events of the current task,
 * with interrupts disabled.
 *
 * We stop each event and update the event value in event->count.
 *
 * This does not protect us against NMI, but disable()
 * sets the disabled bit in the control field of event _before_
 * accessing the event control register. If a NMI hits, then it will
 * not restart the event.
 */
void __perf_event_task_sched_out(struct task_struct *task,
                                 struct task_struct *next)
{
        int ctxn;

        if (__this_cpu_read(perf_sched_cb_usages))
                perf_pmu_sched_task(task, next, false);

        if (atomic_read(&nr_switch_events))
                perf_event_switch(task, next, false);

        for_each_task_context_nr(ctxn)
                perf_event_context_sched_out(task, ctxn, next);

        /*
         * if cgroup events exist on this CPU, then we need
         * to check if we have to switch out PMU state.
         * cgroup event are system-wide mode only
         */
        if (atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&perf_cgroup_events)))
                perf_cgroup_sched_out(task, next);
}

/*
 * Called with IRQs disabled
 */
static void cpu_ctx_sched_out(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                              enum event_type_t event_type)
{
        ctx_sched_out(&cpuctx->ctx, cpuctx, event_type);
}

static void
ctx_pinned_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                    struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
{
        struct perf_event *event;

        list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->pinned_groups, group_entry) {
                if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
                        continue;
                if (!event_filter_match(event))
                        continue;

                /* may need to reset tstamp_enabled */
                if (is_cgroup_event(event))
                        perf_cgroup_mark_enabled(event, ctx);

                if (group_can_go_on(event, cpuctx, 1))
                        group_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx);

                /*
                 * If this pinned group hasn't been scheduled,
                 * put it in error state.
                 */
                if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE) {
                        update_group_times(event);
                        event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR;
                }
        }
}

static void
ctx_flexible_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                      struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
{
        struct perf_event *event;
        int can_add_hw = 1;

        list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->flexible_groups, group_entry) {
                /* Ignore events in OFF or ERROR state */
                if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
                        continue;
                /*
                 * Listen to the 'cpu' scheduling filter constraint
                 * of events:
                 */
                if (!event_filter_match(event))
                        continue;

                /* may need to reset tstamp_enabled */
                if (is_cgroup_event(event))
                        perf_cgroup_mark_enabled(event, ctx);

                if (group_can_go_on(event, cpuctx, can_add_hw)) {
                        if (group_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx))
                                can_add_hw = 0;
                }
        }
}

static void
ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
             struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
             enum event_type_t event_type,
             struct task_struct *task)
{
        int is_active = ctx->is_active;
        u64 now;

        lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

        if (likely(!ctx->nr_events))
                return;

        ctx->is_active |= (event_type | EVENT_TIME);
        if (ctx->task) {
                if (!is_active)
                        cpuctx->task_ctx = ctx;
                else
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx);
        }

        is_active ^= ctx->is_active; /* changed bits */

        if (is_active & EVENT_TIME) {
                /* start ctx time */
                now = perf_clock();
                ctx->timestamp = now;
                perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(task, ctx);
        }

        /*
         * First go through the list and put on any pinned groups
         * in order to give them the best chance of going on.
         */
        if (is_active & EVENT_PINNED)
                ctx_pinned_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx);

        /* Then walk through the lower prio flexible groups */
        if (is_active & EVENT_FLEXIBLE)
                ctx_flexible_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx);
}

static void cpu_ctx_sched_in(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
                             enum event_type_t event_type,
                             struct task_struct *task)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = &cpuctx->ctx;

        ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, event_type, task);
}

static void perf_event_context_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                                        struct task_struct *task)
{
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;

        cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        if (cpuctx->task_ctx == ctx)
                return;

        perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, ctx);
        perf_pmu_disable(ctx->pmu);
        /*
         * We want to keep the following priority order:
         * cpu pinned (that don't need to move), task pinned,
         * cpu flexible, task flexible.
         *
         * However, if task's ctx is not carrying any pinned
         * events, no need to flip the cpuctx's events around.
         */
        if (!list_empty(&ctx->pinned_groups))
                cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE);
        perf_event_sched_in(cpuctx, ctx, task);
        perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);
        perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, ctx);
}

/*
 * Called from scheduler to add the events of the current task
 * with interrupts disabled.
 *
 * We restore the event value and then enable it.
 *
 * This does not protect us against NMI, but enable()
 * sets the enabled bit in the control field of event _before_
 * accessing the event control register. If a NMI hits, then it will
 * keep the event running.
 */
void __perf_event_task_sched_in(struct task_struct *prev,
                                struct task_struct *task)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;
        int ctxn;

        /*
         * If cgroup events exist on this CPU, then we need to check if we have
         * to switch in PMU state; cgroup event are system-wide mode only.
         *
         * Since cgroup events are CPU events, we must schedule these in before
         * we schedule in the task events.
         */
        if (atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&perf_cgroup_events)))
                perf_cgroup_sched_in(prev, task);

        for_each_task_context_nr(ctxn) {
                ctx = task->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn];
                if (likely(!ctx))
                        continue;

                perf_event_context_sched_in(ctx, task);
        }

        if (atomic_read(&nr_switch_events))
                perf_event_switch(task, prev, true);

        if (__this_cpu_read(perf_sched_cb_usages))
                perf_pmu_sched_task(prev, task, true);
}

static u64 perf_calculate_period(struct perf_event *event, u64 nsec, u64 count)
{
        u64 frequency = event->attr.sample_freq;
        u64 sec = NSEC_PER_SEC;
        u64 divisor, dividend;

        int count_fls, nsec_fls, frequency_fls, sec_fls;

        count_fls = fls64(count);
        nsec_fls = fls64(nsec);
        frequency_fls = fls64(frequency);
        sec_fls = 30;

        /*
         * We got @count in @nsec, with a target of sample_freq HZ
         * the target period becomes:
         *
         *             @count * 10^9
         * period = -------------------
         *          @nsec * sample_freq
         *
         */

        /*
         * Reduce accuracy by one bit such that @a and @b converge
         * to a similar magnitude.
         */
#define REDUCE_FLS(a, b)                \
do {                                    \
        if (a##_fls > b##_fls) {        \
                a >>= 1;                \
                a##_fls--;              \
        } else {                        \
                b >>= 1;                \
                b##_fls--;              \
        }                               \
} while (0)

        /*
         * Reduce accuracy until either term fits in a u64, then proceed with
         * the other, so that finally we can do a u64/u64 division.
         */
        while (count_fls + sec_fls > 64 && nsec_fls + frequency_fls > 64) {
                REDUCE_FLS(nsec, frequency);
                REDUCE_FLS(sec, count);
        }

        if (count_fls + sec_fls > 64) {
                divisor = nsec * frequency;

                while (count_fls + sec_fls > 64) {
                        REDUCE_FLS(count, sec);
                        divisor >>= 1;
                }

                dividend = count * sec;
        } else {
                dividend = count * sec;

                while (nsec_fls + frequency_fls > 64) {
                        REDUCE_FLS(nsec, frequency);
                        dividend >>= 1;
                }

                divisor = nsec * frequency;
        }

        if (!divisor)
                return dividend;

        return div64_u64(dividend, divisor);
}

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, perf_throttled_count);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, perf_throttled_seq);

static void perf_adjust_period(struct perf_event *event, u64 nsec, u64 count, bool disable)
{
        struct hw_perf_event *hwc = &event->hw;
        s64 period, sample_period;
        s64 delta;

        period = perf_calculate_period(event, nsec, count);

        delta = (s64)(period - hwc->sample_period);
        delta = (delta + 7) / 8; /* low pass filter */

        sample_period = hwc->sample_period + delta;

        if (!sample_period)
                sample_period = 1;

        hwc->sample_period = sample_period;

        if (local64_read(&hwc->period_left) > 8*sample_period) {
                if (disable)
                        event->pmu->stop(event, PERF_EF_UPDATE);

                local64_set(&hwc->period_left, 0);

                if (disable)
                        event->pmu->start(event, PERF_EF_RELOAD);
        }
}

/*
 * combine freq adjustment with unthrottling to avoid two passes over the
 * events. At the same time, make sure, having freq events does not change
 * the rate of unthrottling as that would introduce bias.
 */
static void perf_adjust_freq_unthr_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
                                           int needs_unthr)
{
        struct perf_event *event;
        struct hw_perf_event *hwc;
        u64 now, period = TICK_NSEC;
        s64 delta;

        /*
         * only need to iterate over all events iff:
         * - context have events in frequency mode (needs freq adjust)
         * - there are events to unthrottle on this cpu
         */
        if (!(ctx->nr_freq || needs_unthr))
                return;

        raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
        perf_pmu_disable(ctx->pmu);

        list_for_each_entry_rcu(event, &ctx->event_list, event_entry) {
                if (event->state != PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE)
                        continue;

                if (!event_filter_match(event))
                        continue;

                perf_pmu_disable(event->pmu);

                hwc = &event->hw;

                if (hwc->interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS) {
                        hwc->interrupts = 0;
                        perf_log_throttle(event, 1);
                        event->pmu->start(event, 0);
                }

                if (!event->attr.freq || !event->attr.sample_freq)
                        goto next;

                /*
                 * stop the event and update event->count
                 */
                event->pmu->stop(event, PERF_EF_UPDATE);

                now = local64_read(&event->count);
                delta = now - hwc->freq_count_stamp;
                hwc->freq_count_stamp = now;

                /*
                 * restart the event
                 * reload only if value has changed
                 * we have stopped the event so tell that
                 * to perf_adjust_period() to avoid stopping it
                 * twice.
                 */
                if (delta > 0)
                        perf_adjust_period(event, period, delta, false);

                event->pmu->start(event, delta > 0 ? PERF_EF_RELOAD : 0);
        next:
                perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);
        }

        perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);
        raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
}

/*
 * Round-robin a context's events:
 */
static void rotate_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        /*
         * Rotate the first entry last of non-pinned groups. Rotation might be
         * disabled by the inheritance code.
         */
        if (!ctx->rotate_disable)
                list_rotate_left(&ctx->flexible_groups);
}

static int perf_rotate_context(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = NULL;
        int rotate = 0;

        if (cpuctx->ctx.nr_events) {
                if (cpuctx->ctx.nr_events != cpuctx->ctx.nr_active)
                        rotate = 1;
        }

        ctx = cpuctx->task_ctx;
        if (ctx && ctx->nr_events) {
                if (ctx->nr_events != ctx->nr_active)
                        rotate = 1;
        }

        if (!rotate)
                goto done;

        perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, cpuctx->task_ctx);
        perf_pmu_disable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);

        cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE);
        if (ctx)
                ctx_sched_out(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE);

        rotate_ctx(&cpuctx->ctx);
        if (ctx)
                rotate_ctx(ctx);

        perf_event_sched_in(cpuctx, ctx, current);

        perf_pmu_enable(cpuctx->ctx.pmu);
        perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, cpuctx->task_ctx);
done:

        return rotate;
}

void perf_event_task_tick(void)
{
        struct list_head *head = this_cpu_ptr(&active_ctx_list);
        struct perf_event_context *ctx, *tmp;
        int throttled;

        WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());

        __this_cpu_inc(perf_throttled_seq);
        throttled = __this_cpu_xchg(perf_throttled_count, 0);
        tick_dep_clear_cpu(smp_processor_id(), TICK_DEP_BIT_PERF_EVENTS);

        list_for_each_entry_safe(ctx, tmp, head, active_ctx_list)
                perf_adjust_freq_unthr_context(ctx, throttled);
}

static int event_enable_on_exec(struct perf_event *event,
                                struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        if (!event->attr.enable_on_exec)
                return 0;

        event->attr.enable_on_exec = 0;
        if (event->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE)
                return 0;

        __perf_event_mark_enabled(event);

        return 1;
}

/*
 * Enable all of a task's events that have been marked enable-on-exec.
 * This expects task == current.
 */
static void perf_event_enable_on_exec(int ctxn)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx, *clone_ctx = NULL;
        enum event_type_t event_type = 0;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
        struct perf_event *event;
        unsigned long flags;
        int enabled = 0;

        local_irq_save(flags);
        ctx = current->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn];
        if (!ctx || !ctx->nr_events)
                goto out;

        cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        perf_ctx_lock(cpuctx, ctx);
        ctx_sched_out(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_TIME);
        list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->event_list, event_entry) {
                enabled |= event_enable_on_exec(event, ctx);
                event_type |= get_event_type(event);
        }

        /*
         * Unclone and reschedule this context if we enabled any event.
         */
        if (enabled) {
                clone_ctx = unclone_ctx(ctx);
                ctx_resched(cpuctx, ctx, event_type);
        } else {
                ctx_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx, EVENT_TIME, current);
        }
        perf_ctx_unlock(cpuctx, ctx);

out:
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        if (clone_ctx)
                put_ctx(clone_ctx);
}

struct perf_read_data {
        struct perf_event *event;
        bool group;
        int ret;
};

static int __perf_event_read_cpu(struct perf_event *event, int event_cpu)
{
        u16 local_pkg, event_pkg;

        if (event->group_caps & PERF_EV_CAP_READ_ACTIVE_PKG) {
                int local_cpu = smp_processor_id();

                event_pkg = topology_physical_package_id(event_cpu);
                local_pkg = topology_physical_package_id(local_cpu);

                if (event_pkg == local_pkg)
                        return local_cpu;
        }

        return event_cpu;
}

/*
 * Cross CPU call to read the hardware event
 */
static void __perf_event_read(void *info)
{
        struct perf_read_data *data = info;
        struct perf_event *sub, *event = data->event;
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = __get_cpu_context(ctx);
        struct pmu *pmu = event->pmu;

        /*
         * If this is a task context, we need to check whether it is
         * the current task context of this cpu.  If not it has been
         * scheduled out before the smp call arrived.  In that case
         * event->count would have been updated to a recent sample
         * when the event was scheduled out.
         */
        if (ctx->task && cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx)
                return;

        raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
        if (ctx->is_active) {
                update_context_time(ctx);
                update_cgrp_time_from_event(event);
        }

        update_event_times(event);
        if (event->state != PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE)
                goto unlock;

        if (!data->group) {
                pmu->read(event);
                data->ret = 0;
                goto unlock;
        }

        pmu->start_txn(pmu, PERF_PMU_TXN_READ);

        pmu->read(event);

        list_for_each_entry(sub, &event->sibling_list, group_entry) {
                update_event_times(sub);
                if (sub->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE) {
                        /*
                         * Use sibling's PMU rather than @event's since
                         * sibling could be on different (eg: software) PMU.
                         */
                        sub->pmu->read(sub);
                }
        }

        data->ret = pmu->commit_txn(pmu);

unlock:
        raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
}

static inline u64 perf_event_count(struct perf_event *event)
{
        if (event->pmu->count)
                return event->pmu->count(event);

        return __perf_event_count(event);
}

/*
 * NMI-safe method to read a local event, that is an event that
 * is:
 *   - either for the current task, or for this CPU
 *   - does not have inherit set, for inherited task events
 *     will not be local and we cannot read them atomically
 *   - must not have a pmu::count method
 */
int perf_event_read_local(struct perf_event *event, u64 *value)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        int ret = 0;

        /*
         * Disabling interrupts avoids all counter scheduling (context
         * switches, timer based rotation and IPIs).
         */
        local_irq_save(flags);

        /*
         * It must not be an event with inherit set, we cannot read
         * all child counters from atomic context.
         */
        if (event->attr.inherit) {
                ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * It must not have a pmu::count method, those are not
         * NMI safe.
         */
        if (event->pmu->count) {
                ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
                goto out;
        }

        /* If this is a per-task event, it must be for current */
        if ((event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_TASK) &&
            event->hw.target != current) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        /* If this is a per-CPU event, it must be for this CPU */
        if (!(event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_TASK) &&
            event->cpu != smp_processor_id()) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * If the event is currently on this CPU, its either a per-task event,
         * or local to this CPU. Furthermore it means its ACTIVE (otherwise
         * oncpu == -1).
         */
        if (event->oncpu == smp_processor_id())
                event->pmu->read(event);

        *value = local64_read(&event->count);
out:
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        return ret;
}

static int perf_event_read(struct perf_event *event, bool group)
{
        int event_cpu, ret = 0;

        /*
         * If event is enabled and currently active on a CPU, update the
         * value in the event structure:
         */
        if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_ACTIVE) {
                struct perf_read_data data = {
                        .event = event,
                        .group = group,
                        .ret = 0,
                };

                event_cpu = READ_ONCE(event->oncpu);
                if ((unsigned)event_cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
                        return 0;

                preempt_disable();
                event_cpu = __perf_event_read_cpu(event, event_cpu);

                /*
                 * Purposely ignore the smp_call_function_single() return
                 * value.
                 *
                 * If event_cpu isn't a valid CPU it means the event got
                 * scheduled out and that will have updated the event count.
                 *
                 * Therefore, either way, we'll have an up-to-date event count
                 * after this.
                 */
                (void)smp_call_function_single(event_cpu, __perf_event_read, &data, 1);
                preempt_enable();
                ret = data.ret;
        } else if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE) {
                struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
                unsigned long flags;

                raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&ctx->lock, flags);
                /*
                 * may read while context is not active
                 * (e.g., thread is blocked), in that case
                 * we cannot update context time
                 */
                if (ctx->is_active) {
                        update_context_time(ctx);
                        update_cgrp_time_from_event(event);
                }
                if (group)
                        update_group_times(event);
                else
                        update_event_times(event);
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctx->lock, flags);
        }

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Initialize the perf_event context in a task_struct:
 */
static void __perf_event_init_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
        raw_spin_lock_init(&ctx->lock);
        mutex_init(&ctx->mutex);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->active_ctx_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->pinned_groups);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->flexible_groups);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->event_list);
        atomic_set(&ctx->refcount, 1);
}

static struct perf_event_context *
alloc_perf_context(struct pmu *pmu, struct task_struct *task)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx;

        ctx = kzalloc(sizeof(struct perf_event_context), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ctx)
                return NULL;

        __perf_event_init_context(ctx);
        if (task) {
                ctx->task = task;
                get_task_struct(task);
        }
        ctx->pmu = pmu;

        return ctx;
}

static struct task_struct *
find_lively_task_by_vpid(pid_t vpid)
{
        struct task_struct *task;

        rcu_read_lock();
        if (!vpid)
                task = current;
        else
                task = find_task_by_vpid(vpid);
        if (task)
                get_task_struct(task);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (!task)
                return ERR_PTR(-ESRCH);

        return task;
}

/*
 * Returns a matching context with refcount and pincount.
 */
static struct perf_event_context *
find_get_context(struct pmu *pmu, struct task_struct *task,
                struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx, *clone_ctx = NULL;
        struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
        void *task_ctx_data = NULL;
        unsigned long flags;
        int ctxn, err;
        int cpu = event->cpu;

        if (!task) {
                /* Must be root to operate on a CPU event: */
                if (perf_paranoid_cpu() && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
                        return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);

                cpuctx = per_cpu_ptr(pmu->pmu_cpu_context, cpu);
                ctx = &cpuctx->ctx;
                get_ctx(ctx);
                ++ctx->pin_count;

                return ctx;
        }

        err = -EINVAL;
        ctxn = pmu->task_ctx_nr;
        if (ctxn < 0)
                goto errout;

        if (event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_TASK_DATA) {
                task_ctx_data = kzalloc(pmu->task_ctx_size, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!task_ctx_data) {
                        err = -ENOMEM;
                        goto errout;
                }
        }

retry:
        ctx = perf_lock_task_context(task, ctxn, &flags);
        if (ctx) {
                clone_ctx = unclone_ctx(ctx);
                ++ctx->pin_count;

                if (task_ctx_data && !ctx->task_ctx_data) {
                        ctx->task_ctx_data = task_ctx_data;
                        task_ctx_data = NULL;
                }
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctx->lock, flags);

                if (clone_ctx)
                        put_ctx(clone_ctx);
        } else {
                ctx = alloc_perf_context(pmu, task);
                err = -ENOMEM;
                if (!ctx)
                        goto errout;

                if (task_ctx_data) {
                        ctx->task_ctx_data = task_ctx_data;
                        task_ctx_data = NULL;
                }

                err = 0;
                mutex_lock(&task->perf_event_mutex);
                /*
                 * If it has already passed perf_event_exit_task().
                 * we must see PF_EXITING, it takes this mutex too.
                 */
                if (task->flags & PF_EXITING)
                        err = -ESRCH;
                else if (task->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn])
                        err = -EAGAIN;
                else {
                        get_ctx(ctx);
                        ++ctx->pin_count;
                        rcu_assign_pointer(task->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn], ctx);
                }
                mutex_unlock(&task->perf_event_mutex);

                if (unlikely(err)) {
                        put_ctx(ctx);

                        if (err == -EAGAIN)
                                goto retry;
                        goto errout;
                }
        }

        kfree(task_ctx_data);
        return ctx;

errout:
        kfree(task_ctx_data);
        return ERR_PTR(err);
}

static void perf_event_free_filter(struct perf_event *event);
static void perf_event_free_bpf_prog(struct perf_event *event);

static void free_event_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
{
        struct perf_event *event;

        event = container_of(head, struct perf_event, rcu_head);
        if (event->ns)
                put_pid_ns(event->ns);
        perf_event_free_filter(event);
        kfree(event);
}

static void ring_buffer_attach(struct perf_event *event,
                               struct ring_buffer *rb);

static void detach_sb_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct pmu_event_list *pel = per_cpu_ptr(&pmu_sb_events, event->cpu);

        raw_spin_lock(&pel->lock);
        list_del_rcu(&event->sb_list);
        raw_spin_unlock(&pel->lock);
}

static bool is_sb_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_event_attr *attr = &event->attr;

        if (event->parent)
                return false;

        if (event->attach_state & PERF_ATTACH_TASK)
                return false;

        if (attr->mmap || attr->mmap_data || attr->mmap2 ||
            attr->comm || attr->comm_exec ||
            attr->task ||
            attr->context_switch)
                return true;
        return false;
}

static void unaccount_pmu_sb_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
        if (is_sb_event(event))
                detach_sb_event(event);
}

static void unaccount_event_cpu(struct perf_event *event, int cpu)
{
        if (event->parent)
                return;

        if (is_cgroup_event(event))
                atomic_dec(&per_cpu(perf_cgroup_events, cpu));
}