/*
 * builtin-trace.c
 *
 * Builtin 'trace' command:
 *
 * Display a continuously updated trace of any workload, CPU, specific PID,
 * system wide, etc.  Default format is loosely strace like, but any other
 * event may be specified using --event.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Red Hat Inc, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
 *
 * Initially based on the 'trace' prototype by Thomas Gleixner:
 *
 * http://lwn.net/Articles/415728/ ("Announcing a new utility: 'trace'")
 */

#include "util/record.h"
#include <traceevent/event-parse.h>
#include <api/fs/tracing_path.h>
#include <bpf/bpf.h>
#include "util/bpf_map.h"
#include "util/rlimit.h"
#include "builtin.h"
#include "util/cgroup.h"
#include "util/color.h"
#include "util/config.h"
#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/dso.h"
#include "util/env.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/evsel.h"
#include "util/evsel_fprintf.h"
#include "util/synthetic-events.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include "util/evswitch.h"
#include "util/mmap.h"
#include <subcmd/pager.h>
#include <subcmd/exec-cmd.h>
#include "util/machine.h"
#include "util/map.h"
#include "util/symbol.h"
#include "util/path.h"
#include "util/session.h"
#include "util/thread.h"
#include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
#include "util/strlist.h"
#include "util/intlist.h"
#include "util/thread_map.h"
#include "util/stat.h"
#include "util/tool.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include "trace/beauty/beauty.h"
#include "trace-event.h"
#include "util/parse-events.h"
#include "util/bpf-loader.h"
#include "callchain.h"
#include "print_binary.h"
#include "string2.h"
#include "syscalltbl.h"
#include "rb_resort.h"
#include "../perf.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/filter.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>
#include <linux/zalloc.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>

#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <perf/mmap.h>

#ifndef O_CLOEXEC
# define O_CLOEXEC              02000000
#endif

#ifndef F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE
# define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE  1024
#endif

/*
 * strtoul: Go from a string to a value, i.e. for msr: MSR_FS_BASE to 0xc0000100
 */
struct syscall_arg_fmt {
        size_t     (*scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
        bool       (*strtoul)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *val);
        unsigned long (*mask_val)(struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val);
        void       *parm;
        const char *name;
        u16        nr_entries; // for arrays
        bool       show_zero;
};

struct syscall_fmt {
        const char *name;
        const char *alias;
        struct {
                const char *sys_enter,
                           *sys_exit;
        }          bpf_prog_name;
        struct syscall_arg_fmt arg[6];
        u8         nr_args;
        bool       errpid;
        bool       timeout;
        bool       hexret;
};

struct trace {
        struct perf_tool        tool;
        struct syscalltbl       *sctbl;
        struct {
                struct syscall  *table;
                struct bpf_map  *map;
                struct { // per syscall BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY
                        struct bpf_map  *sys_enter,
                                        *sys_exit;
                }               prog_array;
                struct {
                        struct evsel *sys_enter,
                                          *sys_exit,
                                          *augmented;
                }               events;
                struct bpf_program *unaugmented_prog;
        } syscalls;
        struct {
                struct bpf_map *map;
        } dump;
        struct record_opts      opts;
        struct evlist   *evlist;
        struct machine          *host;
        struct thread           *current;
        struct bpf_object       *bpf_obj;
        struct cgroup           *cgroup;
        u64                     base_time;
        FILE                    *output;
        unsigned long           nr_events;
        unsigned long           nr_events_printed;
        unsigned long           max_events;
        struct evswitch         evswitch;
        struct strlist          *ev_qualifier;
        struct {
                size_t          nr;
                int             *entries;
        }                       ev_qualifier_ids;
        struct {
                size_t          nr;
                pid_t           *entries;
                struct bpf_map  *map;
        }                       filter_pids;
        double                  duration_filter;
        double                  runtime_ms;
        struct {
                u64             vfs_getname,
                                proc_getname;
        } stats;
        unsigned int            max_stack;
        unsigned int            min_stack;
        int                     raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size;
        bool                    raw_augmented_syscalls;
        bool                    fd_path_disabled;
        bool                    sort_events;
        bool                    not_ev_qualifier;
        bool                    live;
        bool                    full_time;
        bool                    sched;
        bool                    multiple_threads;
        bool                    summary;
        bool                    summary_only;
        bool                    errno_summary;
        bool                    failure_only;
        bool                    show_comm;
        bool                    print_sample;
        bool                    show_tool_stats;
        bool                    trace_syscalls;
        bool                    libtraceevent_print;
        bool                    kernel_syscallchains;
        s16                     args_alignment;
        bool                    show_tstamp;
        bool                    show_duration;
        bool                    show_zeros;
        bool                    show_arg_names;
        bool                    show_string_prefix;
        bool                    force;
        bool                    vfs_getname;
        int                     trace_pgfaults;
        char                    *perfconfig_events;
        struct {
                struct ordered_events   data;
                u64                     last;
        } oe;
};

struct tp_field {
        int offset;
        union {
                u64 (*integer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
                void *(*pointer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
        };
};

#define TP_UINT_FIELD(bits) \
static u64 tp_field__u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
{ \
        u##bits value; \
        memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
        return value;  \
}

TP_UINT_FIELD(8);
TP_UINT_FIELD(16);
TP_UINT_FIELD(32);
TP_UINT_FIELD(64);

#define TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(bits) \
static u64 tp_field__swapped_u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
{ \
        u##bits value; \
        memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
        return bswap_##bits(value);\
}

TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(16);
TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(32);
TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(64);

static int __tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, int size, int offset, bool needs_swap)
{
        field->offset = offset;

        switch (size) {
        case 1:
                field->integer = tp_field__u8;
                break;
        case 2:
                field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u16 : tp_field__u16;
                break;
        case 4:
                field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u32 : tp_field__u32;
                break;
        case 8:
                field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u64 : tp_field__u64;
                break;
        default:
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, struct tep_format_field *format_field, bool needs_swap)
{
        return __tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field->size, format_field->offset, needs_swap);
}

static void *tp_field__ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        return sample->raw_data + field->offset;
}

static int __tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, int offset)
{
        field->offset = offset;
        field->pointer = tp_field__ptr;
        return 0;
}

static int tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct tep_format_field *format_field)
{
        return __tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field->offset);
}

struct syscall_tp {
        struct tp_field id;
        union {
                struct tp_field args, ret;
        };
};

/*
 * The evsel->priv as used by 'perf trace'
 * sc:  for raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit} and syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}_SYSCALLNAME
 * fmt: for all the other tracepoints
 */
struct evsel_trace {
        struct syscall_tp       sc;
        struct syscall_arg_fmt  *fmt;
};

static struct evsel_trace *evsel_trace__new(void)
{
        return zalloc(sizeof(struct evsel_trace));
}

static void evsel_trace__delete(struct evsel_trace *et)
{
        if (et == NULL)
                return;

        zfree(&et->fmt);
        free(et);
}

/*
 * Used with raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit} and with the
 * syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}_SYSCALL tracepoints
 */
static inline struct syscall_tp *__evsel__syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;

        return &et->sc;
}

static struct syscall_tp *evsel__syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        if (evsel->priv == NULL) {
                evsel->priv = evsel_trace__new();
                if (evsel->priv == NULL)
                        return NULL;
        }

        return __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
}

/*
 * Used with all the other tracepoints.
 */
static inline struct syscall_arg_fmt *__evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;

        return et->fmt;
}

static struct syscall_arg_fmt *evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;

        if (evsel->priv == NULL) {
                et = evsel->priv = evsel_trace__new();

                if (et == NULL)
                        return NULL;
        }

        if (et->fmt == NULL) {
                et->fmt = calloc(evsel->tp_format->format.nr_fields, sizeof(struct syscall_arg_fmt));
                if (et->fmt == NULL)
                        goto out_delete;
        }

        return __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);

out_delete:
        evsel_trace__delete(evsel->priv);
        evsel->priv = NULL;
        return NULL;
}

static int evsel__init_tp_uint_field(struct evsel *evsel, struct tp_field *field, const char *name)
{
        struct tep_format_field *format_field = evsel__field(evsel, name);

        if (format_field == NULL)
                return -1;

        return tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field, evsel->needs_swap);
}

#define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, name) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);\
           evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })

static int evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(struct evsel *evsel, struct tp_field *field, const char *name)
{
        struct tep_format_field *format_field = evsel__field(evsel, name);

        if (format_field == NULL)
                return -1;

        return tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field);
}

#define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(evsel, name) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);\
           evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })

static void evsel__delete_priv(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        zfree(&evsel->priv);
        evsel__delete(evsel);
}

static int evsel__init_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);

        if (sc != NULL) {
                if (evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->id, "__syscall_nr") &&
                    evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->id, "nr"))
                        return -ENOENT;
                return 0;
        }

        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel, struct evsel *tp)
{
        struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);

        if (sc != NULL) {
                struct tep_format_field *syscall_id = evsel__field(tp, "id");
                if (syscall_id == NULL)
                        syscall_id = evsel__field(tp, "__syscall_nr");
                if (syscall_id == NULL ||
                    __tp_field__init_uint(&sc->id, syscall_id->size, syscall_id->offset, evsel->needs_swap))
                        return -EINVAL;

                return 0;
        }

        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);

        return __tp_field__init_ptr(&sc->args, sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64));
}

static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_ret(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);

        return __tp_field__init_uint(&sc->ret, sizeof(u64), sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64), evsel->needs_swap);
}

static int evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel, void *handler)
{
        if (evsel__syscall_tp(evsel) != NULL) {
                if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, id))
                        return -ENOENT;

                evsel->handler = handler;
                return 0;
        }

        return -ENOMEM;
}

static struct evsel *perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp(const char *direction, void *handler)
{
        struct evsel *evsel = evsel__newtp("raw_syscalls", direction);

        /* older kernel (e.g., RHEL6) use syscalls:{enter,exit} */
        if (IS_ERR(evsel))
                evsel = evsel__newtp("syscalls", direction);

        if (IS_ERR(evsel))
                return NULL;

        if (evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, handler))
                goto out_delete;

        return evsel;

out_delete:
        evsel__delete_priv(evsel);
        return NULL;
}

#define perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, name, sample) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *fields = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel); \
           fields->name.integer(&fields->name, sample); })

#define perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, name, sample) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *fields = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel); \
           fields->name.pointer(&fields->name, sample); })

size_t strarray__scnprintf_suffix(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_suffix, int val)
{
        int idx = val - sa->offset;

        if (idx < 0 || idx >= sa->nr_entries || sa->entries[idx] == NULL) {
                size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
                if (show_suffix)
                        printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sa->prefix);
                return printed;
        }

        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", sa->entries[idx], show_suffix ? sa->prefix : "");
}

size_t strarray__scnprintf(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_prefix, int val)
{
        int idx = val - sa->offset;

        if (idx < 0 || idx >= sa->nr_entries || sa->entries[idx] == NULL) {
                size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
                if (show_prefix)
                        printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sa->prefix);
                return printed;
        }

        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", show_prefix ? sa->prefix : "", sa->entries[idx]);
}

static size_t __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                const char *intfmt,
                                                struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return strarray__scnprintf(arg->parm, bf, size, intfmt, arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(bf, size, "%d", arg);
}

#define SCA_STRARRAY syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray

bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarray(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
{
        return strarray__strtoul(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
}

bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarray_flags(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
{
        return strarray__strtoul_flags(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
}

bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarrays(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
{
        return strarrays__strtoul(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray_flags(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return strarray__scnprintf_flags(arg->parm, bf, size, arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
}

size_t strarrays__scnprintf(struct strarrays *sas, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_prefix, int val)
{
        size_t printed;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < sas->nr_entries; ++i) {
                struct strarray *sa = sas->entries[i];
                int idx = val - sa->offset;

                if (idx >= 0 && idx < sa->nr_entries) {
                        if (sa->entries[idx] == NULL)
                                break;
                        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", show_prefix ? sa->prefix : "", sa->entries[idx]);
                }
        }

        printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
        if (show_prefix)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sas->entries[0]->prefix);
        return printed;
}

bool strarray__strtoul(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < sa->nr_entries; ++i) {
                if (sa->entries[i] && strncmp(sa->entries[i], bf, size) == 0 && sa->entries[i][size] == '\0') {
                        *ret = sa->offset + i;
                        return true;
                }
        }

        return false;
}

bool strarray__strtoul_flags(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
{
        u64 val = 0;
        char *tok = bf, *sep, *end;

        *ret = 0;

        while (size != 0) {
                int toklen = size;

                sep = memchr(tok, '|', size);
                if (sep != NULL) {
                        size -= sep - tok + 1;

                        end = sep - 1;
                        while (end > tok && isspace(*end))
                                --end;

                        toklen = end - tok + 1;
                }

                while (isspace(*tok))
                        ++tok;

                if (isalpha(*tok) || *tok == '_') {
                        if (!strarray__strtoul(sa, tok, toklen, &val))
                                return false;
                } else {
                        bool is_hexa = tok[0] == 0 && (tok[1] = 'x' || tok[1] == 'X');

                        val = strtoul(tok, NULL, is_hexa ? 16 : 0);
                }

                *ret |= (1 << (val - 1));

                if (sep == NULL)
                        break;
                tok = sep + 1;
        }

        return true;
}

bool strarrays__strtoul(struct strarrays *sas, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < sas->nr_entries; ++i) {
                struct strarray *sa = sas->entries[i];

                if (strarray__strtoul(sa, bf, size, ret))
                        return true;
        }

        return false;
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarrays(char *bf, size_t size,
                                        struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return strarrays__scnprintf(arg->parm, bf, size, "%d", arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
}

#ifndef AT_FDCWD
#define AT_FDCWD        -100
#endif

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at(char *bf, size_t size,
                                           struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int fd = arg->val;
        const char *prefix = "AT_FD";

        if (fd == AT_FDCWD)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", arg->show_string_prefix ? prefix : "", "CWD");

        return syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
}

#define SCA_FDAT syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg);

#define SCA_CLOSE_FD syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#lx", arg->val);
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_ptr(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        if (arg->val == 0)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "NULL");
        return syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex(bf, size, arg);
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_int(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", arg->val);
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_long(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", arg->val);
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_char_array(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        // XXX Hey, maybe for sched:sched_switch prev/next comm fields we can
        //     fill missing comms using thread__set_comm()...
        //     here or in a special syscall_arg__scnprintf_pid_sched_tp...
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "\"%-.*s\"", arg->fmt->nr_entries ?: arg->len, arg->val);
}

#define SCA_CHAR_ARRAY syscall_arg__scnprintf_char_array

static const char *bpf_cmd[] = {
        "MAP_CREATE", "MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM", "MAP_UPDATE_ELEM", "MAP_DELETE_ELEM",
        "MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY", "PROG_LOAD", "OBJ_PIN", "OBJ_GET", "PROG_ATTACH",
        "PROG_DETACH", "PROG_TEST_RUN", "PROG_GET_NEXT_ID", "MAP_GET_NEXT_ID",
        "PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID", "MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID", "OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD",
        "PROG_QUERY", "RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN", "BTF_LOAD", "BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID",
        "TASK_FD_QUERY", "MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_ELEM", "MAP_FREEZE",
        "BTF_GET_NEXT_ID", "MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH", "MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH",
        "MAP_UPDATE_BATCH", "MAP_DELETE_BATCH", "LINK_CREATE", "LINK_UPDATE",
        "LINK_GET_FD_BY_ID", "LINK_GET_NEXT_ID", "ENABLE_STATS", "ITER_CREATE",
        "LINK_DETACH", "PROG_BIND_MAP",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(bpf_cmd, "BPF_");

static const char *fsmount_flags[] = {
        [1] = "CLOEXEC",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fsmount_flags, "FSMOUNT_");

#include "trace/beauty/generated/fsconfig_arrays.c"

static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fsconfig_cmds, "FSCONFIG_");

static const char *epoll_ctl_ops[] = { "ADD", "DEL", "MOD", };
static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(epoll_ctl_ops, "EPOLL_CTL_", 1);

static const char *itimers[] = { "REAL", "VIRTUAL", "PROF", };
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(itimers, "ITIMER_");

static const char *keyctl_options[] = {
        "GET_KEYRING_ID", "JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING", "UPDATE", "REVOKE", "CHOWN",
        "SETPERM", "DESCRIBE", "CLEAR", "LINK", "UNLINK", "SEARCH", "READ",
        "INSTANTIATE", "NEGATE", "SET_REQKEY_KEYRING", "SET_TIMEOUT",
        "ASSUME_AUTHORITY", "GET_SECURITY", "SESSION_TO_PARENT", "REJECT",
        "INSTANTIATE_IOV", "INVALIDATE", "GET_PERSISTENT",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(keyctl_options, "KEYCTL_");

static const char *whences[] = { "SET", "CUR", "END",
#ifdef SEEK_DATA
"DATA",
#endif
#ifdef SEEK_HOLE
"HOLE",
#endif
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(whences, "SEEK_");

static const char *fcntl_cmds[] = {
        "DUPFD", "GETFD", "SETFD", "GETFL", "SETFL", "GETLK", "SETLK",
        "SETLKW", "SETOWN", "GETOWN", "SETSIG", "GETSIG", "GETLK64",
        "SETLK64", "SETLKW64", "SETOWN_EX", "GETOWN_EX",
        "GETOWNER_UIDS",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fcntl_cmds, "F_");

static const char *fcntl_linux_specific_cmds[] = {
        "SETLEASE", "GETLEASE", "NOTIFY", [5] = "CANCELLK", "DUPFD_CLOEXEC",
        "SETPIPE_SZ", "GETPIPE_SZ", "ADD_SEALS", "GET_SEALS",
        "GET_RW_HINT", "SET_RW_HINT", "GET_FILE_RW_HINT", "SET_FILE_RW_HINT",
};

static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(fcntl_linux_specific_cmds, "F_", F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE);

static struct strarray *fcntl_cmds_arrays[] = {
        &strarray__fcntl_cmds,
        &strarray__fcntl_linux_specific_cmds,
};

static DEFINE_STRARRAYS(fcntl_cmds_arrays);

static const char *rlimit_resources[] = {
        "CPU", "FSIZE", "DATA", "STACK", "CORE", "RSS", "NPROC", "NOFILE",
        "MEMLOCK", "AS", "LOCKS", "SIGPENDING", "MSGQUEUE", "NICE", "RTPRIO",
        "RTTIME",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(rlimit_resources, "RLIMIT_");

static const char *sighow[] = { "BLOCK", "UNBLOCK", "SETMASK", };
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(sighow, "SIG_");

static const char *clockid[] = {
        "REALTIME", "MONOTONIC", "PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID", "THREAD_CPUTIME_ID",
        "MONOTONIC_RAW", "REALTIME_COARSE", "MONOTONIC_COARSE", "BOOTTIME",
        "REALTIME_ALARM", "BOOTTIME_ALARM", "SGI_CYCLE", "TAI"
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(clockid, "CLOCK_");

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                 struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
        const char *suffix = "_OK";
        size_t printed = 0;
        int mode = arg->val;

        if (mode == F_OK) /* 0 */
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "F%s", show_prefix ? suffix : "");
#define P_MODE(n) \
        if (mode & n##_OK) { \
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s", #n, show_prefix ? suffix : ""); \
                mode &= ~n##_OK; \
        }

        P_MODE(R);
        P_MODE(W);
        P_MODE(X);
#undef P_MODE

        if (mode)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "|%#x", mode);

        return printed;
}

#define SCA_ACCMODE syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg);

#define SCA_FILENAME syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
        const char *prefix = "O_";
        int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;

#define P_FLAG(n) \
        if (flags & O_##n) { \
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", show_prefix ? prefix : "", #n); \
                flags &= ~O_##n; \
        }

        P_FLAG(CLOEXEC);
        P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
#undef P_FLAG

        if (flags)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);

        return printed;
}

#define SCA_PIPE_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags

#ifndef GRND_NONBLOCK
#define GRND_NONBLOCK   0x0001
#endif
#ifndef GRND_RANDOM
#define GRND_RANDOM     0x0002
#endif

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                   struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
        const char *prefix = "GRND_";
        int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;

#define P_FLAG(n) \
        if (flags & GRND_##n) { \
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", show_prefix ? prefix : "", #n); \
                flags &= ~GRND_##n; \
        }

        P_FLAG(RANDOM);
        P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
#undef P_FLAG

        if (flags)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);

        return printed;
}

#define SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags

#define STRARRAY(name, array) \
          { .scnprintf  = SCA_STRARRAY, \
            .strtoul    = STUL_STRARRAY, \
            .parm       = &strarray__##array, }

#define STRARRAY_FLAGS(name, array) \
          { .scnprintf  = SCA_STRARRAY_FLAGS, \
            .strtoul    = STUL_STRARRAY_FLAGS, \
            .parm       = &strarray__##array, }

#include "trace/beauty/arch_errno_names.c"
#include "trace/beauty/eventfd.c"
#include "trace/beauty/futex_op.c"
#include "trace/beauty/futex_val3.c"
#include "trace/beauty/mmap.c"
#include "trace/beauty/mode_t.c"
#include "trace/beauty/msg_flags.c"
#include "trace/beauty/open_flags.c"
#include "trace/beauty/perf_event_open.c"
#include "trace/beauty/pid.c"
#include "trace/beauty/sched_policy.c"
#include "trace/beauty/seccomp.c"
#include "trace/beauty/signum.c"
#include "trace/beauty/socket_type.c"
#include "trace/beauty/waitid_options.c"

static struct syscall_fmt syscall_fmts[] = {
        { .name     = "access",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_ACCMODE,  /* mode */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "arch_prctl",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_X86_ARCH_PRCTL_CODE, /* code */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PTR, /* arg2 */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "bind",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* fd */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SOCKADDR, /* umyaddr */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* addrlen */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "bpf",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(cmd, bpf_cmd), }, },
        { .name     = "brk",        .hexret = true,
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PTR, /* brk */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "clock_gettime",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(clk_id, clockid), }, },
        { .name     = "clone",      .errpid = true, .nr_args = 5,
          .arg = { [0] = { .name = "flags",         .scnprintf = SCA_CLONE_FLAGS, },
                   [1] = { .name = "child_stack",   .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
                   [2] = { .name = "parent_tidptr", .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
                   [3] = { .name = "child_tidptr",  .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
                   [4] = { .name = "tls",           .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, }, }, },
        { .name     = "close",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_CLOSE_FD, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "connect",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* fd */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SOCKADDR, /* servaddr */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* addrlen */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "epoll_ctl",
          .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(op, epoll_ctl_ops), }, },
        { .name     = "eventfd2",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_EFD_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fchmodat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fchownat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fcntl",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FCNTL_CMD,  /* cmd */
                           .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAYS,
                           .parm      = &strarrays__fcntl_cmds_arrays,
                           .show_zero = true, },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf =  SCA_FCNTL_ARG, /* arg */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "flock",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FLOCK, /* cmd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fsconfig",
          .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(cmd, fsconfig_cmds), }, },
        { .name     = "fsmount",
          .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY_FLAGS(flags, fsmount_flags),
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FSMOUNT_ATTR_FLAGS, /* attr_flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fspick",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,         /* dfd */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME,     /* path */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FSPICK_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fstat", .alias = "newfstat", },
        { .name     = "fstatat", .alias = "newfstatat", },
        { .name     = "futex",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_OP, /* op */ },
                   [5] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_VAL3, /* val3 */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "futimesat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "getitimer",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
        { .name     = "getpid",     .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "getpgid",    .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "getppid",    .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "getrandom",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "getrlimit",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
        { .name     = "gettid",     .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "ioctl",
          .arg = {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
/*
 * FIXME: Make this available to all arches.
 */
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_IOCTL_CMD, /* cmd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
#else
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
#endif
        { .name     = "kcmp",       .nr_args = 5,
          .arg = { [0] = { .name = "pid1",      .scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
                   [1] = { .name = "pid2",      .scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
                   [2] = { .name = "type",      .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_TYPE, },
                   [3] = { .name = "idx1",      .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, },
                   [4] = { .name = "idx2",      .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, }, }, },
        { .name     = "keyctl",

          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(option, keyctl_options), }, },
        { .name     = "kill",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "linkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "lseek",
          .arg = { [2] = STRARRAY(whence, whences), }, },
        { .name     = "lstat", .alias = "newlstat", },
        { .name     = "madvise",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,      /* start */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MADV_BHV, /* behavior */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mkdirat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mknodat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mmap",       .hexret = true,
/* The standard mmap maps to old_mmap on s390x */
#if defined(__s390x__)
        .alias = "old_mmap",
#endif
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_FLAGS, /* flags */
                           .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAY_FLAGS,
                           .parm      = &strarray__mmap_flags, },
                   [5] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,        /* offset */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mount",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* dev_name */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */
                           .mask_val  = SCAMV_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "move_mount",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,       /* from_dfd */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* from_pathname */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,       /* to_dfd */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* to_pathname */ },
                   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MOVE_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mprotect",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,        /* start */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mq_unlink",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* u_name */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mremap",     .hexret = true,
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MREMAP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "name_to_handle_at",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "newfstatat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "open",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "open_by_handle_at",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,       /* dfd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "openat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,       /* dfd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "perf_event_open",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,        /* cpu */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FD,         /* group_fd */ },
                   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PERF_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pipe2",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PIPE_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pkey_alloc",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PKEY_ALLOC_ACCESS_RIGHTS,   /* access_rights */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pkey_free",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,        /* key */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pkey_mprotect",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,        /* start */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,        /* pkey */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "poll", .timeout = true, },
        { .name     = "ppoll", .timeout = true, },
        { .name     = "prctl",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_OPTION, /* option */
                           .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAY,
                           .parm      = &strarray__prctl_options, },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG2, /* arg2 */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG3, /* arg3 */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pread", .alias = "pread64", },
        { .name     = "preadv", .alias = "pread", },
        { .name     = "prlimit64",
          .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
        { .name     = "pwrite", .alias = "pwrite64", },
        { .name     = "readlinkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "recvfrom",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "recvmmsg",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "recvmsg",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "renameat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* olddirfd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* newdirfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "renameat2",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* olddirfd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* newdirfd */ },
                   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_RENAMEAT2_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "rt_sigaction",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "rt_sigprocmask",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(how, sighow), }, },
        { .name     = "rt_sigqueueinfo",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "rt_tgsigqueueinfo",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "sched_setscheduler",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SCHED_POLICY, /* policy */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "seccomp",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_OP,    /* op */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "select", .timeout = true, },
        { .name     = "sendfile", .alias = "sendfile64", },
        { .name     = "sendmmsg",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "sendmsg",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "sendto",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ },
                   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SOCKADDR, /* addr */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "set_tid_address", .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "setitimer",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
        { .name     = "setrlimit",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
        { .name     = "socket",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "socketpair",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "stat", .alias = "newstat", },
        { .name     = "statx",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,        /* fdat */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_STATX_FLAGS, /* flags */ } ,
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_STATX_MASK,  /* mask */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "swapoff",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* specialfile */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "swapon",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* specialfile */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "symlinkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "sync_file_range",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SYNC_FILE_RANGE_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "tgkill",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "tkill",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "umount2", .alias = "umount",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* name */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "uname", .alias = "newuname", },
        { .name     = "unlinkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "utimensat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dirfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "wait4",      .errpid = true,
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "waitid",     .errpid = true,
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
};

static int syscall_fmt__cmp(const void *name, const void *fmtp)
{
        const struct syscall_fmt *fmt = fmtp;
        return strcmp(name, fmt->name);
}

static struct syscall_fmt *__syscall_fmt__find(struct syscall_fmt *fmts, const int nmemb, const char *name)
{
        return bsearch(name, fmts, nmemb, sizeof(struct syscall_fmt), syscall_fmt__cmp);
}

static struct syscall_fmt *syscall_fmt__find(const char *name)
{
        const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_fmts);
        return __syscall_fmt__find(syscall_fmts, nmemb, name);
}

static struct syscall_fmt *__syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(struct syscall_fmt *fmts, const int nmemb, const char *alias)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nmemb; ++i) {
                if (fmts[i].alias && strcmp(fmts[i].alias, alias) == 0)
                        return &fmts[i];
        }

        return NULL;
}

static struct syscall_fmt *syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(const char *alias)
{
        const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_fmts);
        return __syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(syscall_fmts, nmemb, alias);
}

/*
 * is_exit: is this "exit" or "exit_group"?
 * is_open: is this "open" or "openat"? To associate the fd returned in sys_exit with the pathname in sys_enter.
 * args_size: sum of the sizes of the syscall arguments, anything after that is augmented stuff: pathname for openat, etc.
 * nonexistent: Just a hole in the syscall table, syscall id not allocated
 */
struct syscall {
        struct tep_event    *tp_format;
        int                 nr_args;
        int                 args_size;
        struct {
                struct bpf_program *sys_enter,
                                   *sys_exit;
        }                   bpf_prog;
        bool                is_exit;
        bool                is_open;
        bool                nonexistent;
        struct tep_format_field *args;
        const char          *name;
        struct syscall_fmt  *fmt;
        struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt;
};

/*
 * Must match what is in the BPF program:
 *
 * tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c
 */
struct bpf_map_syscall_entry {
        bool    enabled;
        u16     string_args_len[6];
};

/*
 * We need to have this 'calculated' boolean because in some cases we really
 * don't know what is the duration of a syscall, for instance, when we start
 * a session and some threads are waiting for a syscall to finish, say 'poll',
 * in which case all we can do is to print "( ? ) for duration and for the
 * start timestamp.
 */
static size_t fprintf_duration(unsigned long t, bool calculated, FILE *fp)
{
        double duration = (double)t / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        size_t printed = fprintf(fp, "(");

        if (!calculated)
                printed += fprintf(fp, "         ");
        else if (duration >= 1.0)
                printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_RED, "%6.3f ms", duration);
        else if (duration >= 0.01)
                printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "%6.3f ms", duration);
        else
                printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_NORMAL, "%6.3f ms", duration);
        return printed + fprintf(fp, "): ");
}

/**
 * filename.ptr: The filename char pointer that will be vfs_getname'd
 * filename.entry_str_pos: Where to insert the string translated from
 *                         filename.ptr by the vfs_getname tracepoint/kprobe.
 * ret_scnprintf: syscall args may set this to a different syscall return
 *                formatter, for instance, fcntl may return fds, file flags, etc.
 */
struct thread_trace {
        u64               entry_time;
        bool              entry_pending;
        unsigned long     nr_events;
        unsigned long     pfmaj, pfmin;
        char              *entry_str;
        double            runtime_ms;
        size_t            (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
        struct {
                unsigned long ptr;
                short int     entry_str_pos;
                bool          pending_open;
                unsigned int  namelen;
                char          *name;
        } filename;
        struct {
                int           max;
                struct file   *table;
        } files;

        struct intlist *syscall_stats;
};

static struct thread_trace *thread_trace__new(void)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace =  zalloc(sizeof(struct thread_trace));

        if (ttrace) {
                ttrace->files.max = -1;
                ttrace->syscall_stats = intlist__new(NULL);
        }

        return ttrace;
}

static struct thread_trace *thread__trace(struct thread *thread, FILE *fp)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;

        if (thread == NULL)
                goto fail;

        if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
                thread__set_priv(thread, thread_trace__new());

        if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
                goto fail;

        ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
        ++ttrace->nr_events;

        return ttrace;
fail:
        color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_RED,
                      "WARNING: not enough memory, dropping samples!\n");
        return NULL;
}


void syscall_arg__set_ret_scnprintf(struct syscall_arg *arg,
                                    size_t (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg))
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);

        ttrace->ret_scnprintf = ret_scnprintf;
}

#define TRACE_PFMAJ             (1 << 0)
#define TRACE_PFMIN             (1 << 1)

static const size_t trace__entry_str_size = 2048;

static struct file *thread_trace__files_entry(struct thread_trace *ttrace, int fd)
{
        if (fd < 0)
                return NULL;

        if (fd > ttrace->files.max) {
                struct file *nfiles = realloc(ttrace->files.table, (fd + 1) * sizeof(struct file));

                if (nfiles == NULL)
                        return NULL;

                if (ttrace->files.max != -1) {
                        memset(nfiles + ttrace->files.max + 1, 0,
                               (fd - ttrace->files.max) * sizeof(struct file));
                } else {
                        memset(nfiles, 0, (fd + 1) * sizeof(struct file));
                }

                ttrace->files.table = nfiles;
                ttrace->files.max   = fd;
        }

        return ttrace->files.table + fd;
}

struct file *thread__files_entry(struct thread *thread, int fd)
{
        return thread_trace__files_entry(thread__priv(thread), fd);
}

static int trace__set_fd_pathname(struct thread *thread, int fd, const char *pathname)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
        struct file *file = thread_trace__files_entry(ttrace, fd);

        if (file != NULL) {
                struct stat st;
                if (stat(pathname, &st) == 0)
                        file->dev_maj = major(st.st_rdev);
                file->pathname = strdup(pathname);
                if (file->pathname)
                        return 0;
        }

        return -1;
}

static int thread__read_fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd)
{
        char linkname[PATH_MAX], pathname[PATH_MAX];
        struct stat st;
        int ret;

        if (thread->pid_ == thread->tid) {
                scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
                          "/proc/%d/fd/%d", thread->pid_, fd);
        } else {
                scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
                          "/proc/%d/task/%d/fd/%d", thread->pid_, thread->tid, fd);
        }

        if (lstat(linkname, &st) < 0 || st.st_size + 1 > (off_t)sizeof(pathname))
                return -1;

        ret = readlink(linkname, pathname, sizeof(pathname));

        if (ret < 0 || ret > st.st_size)
                return -1;

        pathname[ret] = '\0';
        return trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, fd, pathname);
}

static const char *thread__fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd,
                                   struct trace *trace)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);

        if (ttrace == NULL || trace->fd_path_disabled)
                return NULL;

        if (fd < 0)
                return NULL;

        if ((fd > ttrace->files.max || ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname == NULL)) {
                if (!trace->live)
                        return NULL;
                ++trace->stats.proc_getname;
                if (thread__read_fd_path(thread, fd))
                        return NULL;
        }

        return ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname;
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int fd = arg->val;
        size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
        const char *path = thread__fd_path(arg->thread, fd, arg->trace);

        if (path)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);

        return printed;
}

size_t pid__scnprintf_fd(struct trace *trace, pid_t pid, int fd, char *bf, size_t size)
{
        size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
        struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(trace->host, pid, pid);

        if (thread) {
                const char *path = thread__fd_path(thread, fd, trace);

                if (path)
                        printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);

                thread__put(thread);
        }

        return printed;
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int fd = arg->val;
        size_t printed = syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);

        if (ttrace && fd >= 0 && fd <= ttrace->files.max)
                zfree(&ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname);

        return printed;
}

static void thread__set_filename_pos(struct thread *thread, const char *bf,
                                     unsigned long ptr)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);

        ttrace->filename.ptr = ptr;
        ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = bf - ttrace->entry_str;
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_augmented_string(struct syscall_arg *arg, char *bf, size_t size)
{
        struct augmented_arg *augmented_arg = arg->augmented.args;
        size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "\"%.*s\"", augmented_arg->size, augmented_arg->value);
        /*
         * So that the next arg with a payload can consume its augmented arg, i.e. for rename* syscalls
         * we would have two strings, each prefixed by its size.
         */
        int consumed = sizeof(*augmented_arg) + augmented_arg->size;

        arg->augmented.args = ((void *)arg->augmented.args) + consumed;
        arg->augmented.size -= consumed;

        return printed;
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        unsigned long ptr = arg->val;

        if (arg->augmented.args)
                return syscall_arg__scnprintf_augmented_string(arg, bf, size);

        if (!arg->trace->vfs_getname)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#x", ptr);

        thread__set_filename_pos(arg->thread, bf, ptr);
        return 0;
}

static bool trace__filter_duration(struct trace *trace, double t)
{
        return t < (trace->duration_filter * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
}

static size_t __trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
{
        double ts = (double)(tstamp - trace->base_time) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;

        return fprintf(fp, "%10.3f ", ts);
}

/*
 * We're handling tstamp=0 as an undefined tstamp, i.e. like when we are
 * using ttrace->entry_time for a thread that receives a sys_exit without
 * first having received a sys_enter ("poll" issued before tracing session
 * starts, lost sys_enter exit due to ring buffer overflow).
 */
static size_t trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
{
        if (tstamp > 0)
                return __trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);

        return fprintf(fp, "         ? ");
}

static bool done = false;
static bool interrupted = false;

static void sig_handler(int sig)
{
        done = true;
        interrupted = sig == SIGINT;
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_comm_tid(struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread, FILE *fp)
{
        size_t printed = 0;

        if (trace->multiple_threads) {
                if (trace->show_comm)
                        printed += fprintf(fp, "%.14s/", thread__comm_str(thread));
                printed += fprintf(fp, "%d ", thread->tid);
        }

        return printed;
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_entry_head(struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread,
                                        u64 duration, bool duration_calculated, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
{
        size_t printed = 0;

        if (trace->show_tstamp)
                printed = trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);
        if (trace->show_duration)
                printed += fprintf_duration(duration, duration_calculated, fp);
        return printed + trace__fprintf_comm_tid(trace, thread, fp);
}

static int trace__process_event(struct trace *trace, struct machine *machine,
                                union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        int ret = 0;

        switch (event->header.type) {
        case PERF_RECORD_LOST:
                color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_RED,
                              "LOST %" PRIu64 " events!\n", event->lost.lost);
                ret = machine__process_lost_event(machine, event, sample);
                break;
        default:
                ret = machine__process_event(machine, event, sample);
                break;
        }

        return ret;
}

static int trace__tool_process(struct perf_tool *tool,
                               union perf_event *event,
                               struct perf_sample *sample,
                               struct machine *machine)
{
        struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
        return trace__process_event(trace, machine, event, sample);
}

static char *trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr(void *vmachine, unsigned long long *addrp, char **modp)
{
        struct machine *machine = vmachine;

        if (machine->kptr_restrict_warned)
                return NULL;

        if (symbol_conf.kptr_restrict) {
                pr_warning("Kernel address maps (/proc/{kallsyms,modules}) are restricted.\n\n"
                           "Check /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid.\n\n"
                           "Kernel samples will not be resolved.\n");
                machine->kptr_restrict_warned = true;
                return NULL;
        }

        return machine__resolve_kernel_addr(vmachine, addrp, modp);
}

static int trace__symbols_init(struct trace *trace, struct evlist *evlist)
{
        int err = symbol__init(NULL);

        if (err)
                return err;

        trace->host = machine__new_host();
        if (trace->host == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;

        err = trace_event__register_resolver(trace->host, trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr);
        if (err < 0)
                goto out;

        err = __machine__synthesize_threads(trace->host, &trace->tool, &trace->opts.target,
                                            evlist->core.threads, trace__tool_process, false,
                                            1);
out:
        if (err)
                symbol__exit();

        return err;
}

static void trace__symbols__exit(struct trace *trace)
{
        machine__exit(trace->host);
        trace->host = NULL;

        symbol__exit();
}

static int syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc, int nr_args)
{
        int idx;

        if (nr_args == 6 && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->nr_args != 0)
                nr_args = sc->fmt->nr_args;

        sc->arg_fmt = calloc(nr_args, sizeof(*sc->arg_fmt));
        if (sc->arg_fmt == NULL)
                return -1;

        for (idx = 0; idx < nr_args; ++idx) {
                if (sc->fmt)
                        sc->arg_fmt[idx] = sc->fmt->arg[idx];
        }

        sc->nr_args = nr_args;
        return 0;
}

static struct syscall_arg_fmt syscall_arg_fmts__by_name[] = {
        { .name = "msr",        .scnprintf = SCA_X86_MSR,         .strtoul = STUL_X86_MSR,         },
        { .name = "vector",     .scnprintf = SCA_X86_IRQ_VECTORS, .strtoul = STUL_X86_IRQ_VECTORS, },
};

static int syscall_arg_fmt__cmp(const void *name, const void *fmtp)
{
       const struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = fmtp;
       return strcmp(name, fmt->name);
}

static struct syscall_arg_fmt *
__syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmts, const int nmemb, const char *name)
{
       return bsearch(name, fmts, nmemb, sizeof(struct syscall_arg_fmt), syscall_arg_fmt__cmp);
}

static struct syscall_arg_fmt *syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(const char *name)
{
       const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_arg_fmts__by_name);
       return __syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(syscall_arg_fmts__by_name, nmemb, name);
}

static struct tep_format_field *
syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg, struct tep_format_field *field)
{
        struct tep_format_field *last_field = NULL;
        int len;

        for (; field; field = field->next, ++arg) {
                last_field = field;

                if (arg->scnprintf)
                        continue;

                len = strlen(field->name);

                if (strcmp(field->type, "const char *") == 0 &&
                    ((len >= 4 && strcmp(field->name + len - 4, "name") == 0) ||
                     strstr(field->name, "path") != NULL))
                        arg->scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME;
                else if ((field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER) || strstr(field->name, "addr"))
                        arg->scnprintf = SCA_PTR;
                else if (strcmp(field->type, "pid_t") == 0)
                        arg->scnprintf = SCA_PID;
                else if (strcmp(field->type, "umode_t") == 0)
                        arg->scnprintf = SCA_MODE_T;
                else if ((field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_ARRAY) && strstr(field->type, "char")) {
                        arg->scnprintf = SCA_CHAR_ARRAY;
                        arg->nr_entries = field->arraylen;
                } else if ((strcmp(field->type, "int") == 0 ||
                          strcmp(field->type, "unsigned int") == 0 ||
                          strcmp(field->type, "long") == 0) &&
                         len >= 2 && strcmp(field->name + len - 2, "fd") == 0) {
                        /*
                         * /sys/kernel/tracing/events/syscalls/sys_enter*
                         * egrep 'field:.*fd;' .../format|sed -r 's/.*field:([a-z ]+) [a-z_]*fd.+/\1/g'|sort|uniq -c
                         * 65 int
                         * 23 unsigned int
                         * 7 unsigned long
                         */
                        arg->scnprintf = SCA_FD;
               } else {
                        struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(field->name);

                        if (fmt) {
                                arg->scnprintf = fmt->scnprintf;
                                arg->strtoul   = fmt->strtoul;
                        }
                }
        }

        return last_field;
}

static int syscall__set_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc)
{
        struct tep_format_field *last_field = syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(sc->arg_fmt, sc->args);

        if (last_field)
                sc->args_size = last_field->offset + last_field->size;

        return 0;
}

static int trace__read_syscall_info(struct trace *trace, int id)
{
        char tp_name[128];
        struct syscall *sc;
        const char *name = syscalltbl__name(trace->sctbl, id);

#ifdef HAVE_SYSCALL_TABLE_SUPPORT
        if (trace->syscalls.table == NULL) {
                trace->syscalls.table = calloc(trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id + 1, sizeof(*sc));
                if (trace->syscalls.table == NULL)
                        return -ENOMEM;
        }
#else
        if (id > trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id || (id == 0 && trace->syscalls.table == NULL)) {
                // When using libaudit we don't know beforehand what is the max syscall id
                struct syscall *table = realloc(trace->syscalls.table, (id + 1) * sizeof(*sc));

                if (table == NULL)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                // Need to memset from offset 0 and +1 members if brand new
                if (trace->syscalls.table == NULL)
                        memset(table, 0, (id + 1) * sizeof(*sc));
                else
                        memset(table + trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id + 1, 0, (id - trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id) * sizeof(*sc));

                trace->syscalls.table         = table;
                trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id = id;
        }
#endif
        sc = trace->syscalls.table + id;
        if (sc->nonexistent)
                return 0;

        if (name == NULL) {
                sc->nonexistent = true;
                return 0;
        }

        sc->name = name;
        sc->fmt  = syscall_fmt__find(sc->name);

        snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->name);
        sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);

        if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format) && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->alias) {
                snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->fmt->alias);
                sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);
        }

        if (syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(sc, IS_ERR(sc->tp_format) ? 6 : sc->tp_format->format.nr_fields))
                return -ENOMEM;

        if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format))
                return PTR_ERR(sc->tp_format);

        sc->args = sc->tp_format->format.fields;
        /*
         * We need to check and discard the first variable '__syscall_nr'
         * or 'nr' that mean the syscall number. It is needless here.
         * So drop '__syscall_nr' or 'nr' field but does not exist on older kernels.
         */
        if (sc->args && (!strcmp(sc->args->name, "__syscall_nr") || !strcmp(sc->args->name, "nr"))) {
                sc->args = sc->args->next;
                --sc->nr_args;
        }

        sc->is_exit = !strcmp(name, "exit_group") || !strcmp(name, "exit");
        sc->is_open = !strcmp(name, "open") || !strcmp(name, "openat");

        return syscall__set_arg_fmts(sc);
}

static int evsel__init_tp_arg_scnprintf(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);

        if (fmt != NULL) {
                syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(fmt, evsel->tp_format->format.fields);
                return 0;
        }

        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int intcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        const int *one = a, *another = b;

        return *one - *another;
}

static int trace__validate_ev_qualifier(struct trace *trace)
{
        int err = 0;
        bool printed_invalid_prefix = false;
        struct str_node *pos;
        size_t nr_used = 0, nr_allocated = strlist__nr_entries(trace->ev_qualifier);

        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = malloc(nr_allocated *
                                                 sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));

        if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries == NULL) {
                fputs("Error:\tNot enough memory for allocating events qualifier ids\n",
                       trace->output);
                err = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        strlist__for_each_entry(pos, trace->ev_qualifier) {
                const char *sc = pos->s;
                int id = syscalltbl__id(trace->sctbl, sc), match_next = -1;

                if (id < 0) {
                        id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_first(trace->sctbl, sc, &match_next);
                        if (id >= 0)
                                goto matches;

                        if (!printed_invalid_prefix) {
                                pr_debug("Skipping unknown syscalls: ");
                                printed_invalid_prefix = true;
                        } else {
                                pr_debug(", ");
                        }

                        pr_debug("%s", sc);
                        continue;
                }
matches:
                trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[nr_used++] = id;
                if (match_next == -1)
                        continue;

                while (1) {
                        id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_next(trace->sctbl, sc, &match_next);
                        if (id < 0)
                                break;
                        if (nr_allocated == nr_used) {
                                void *entries;

                                nr_allocated += 8;
                                entries = realloc(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries,
                                                  nr_allocated * sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));
                                if (entries == NULL) {
                                        err = -ENOMEM;
                                        fputs("\nError:\t Not enough memory for parsing\n", trace->output);
                                        goto out_free;
                                }
                                trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = entries;
                        }
                        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[nr_used++] = id;
                }
        }

        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = nr_used;
        qsort(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries, nr_used, sizeof(int), intcmp);
out:
        if (printed_invalid_prefix)
                pr_debug("\n");
        return err;
out_free:
        zfree(&trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = 0;
        goto out;
}

static __maybe_unused bool trace__syscall_enabled(struct trace *trace, int id)
{
        bool in_ev_qualifier;

        if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr == 0)
                return true;

        in_ev_qualifier = bsearch(&id, trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries,
                                  trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr, sizeof(int), intcmp) != NULL;

        if (in_ev_qualifier)
               return !trace->not_ev_qualifier;

        return trace->not_ev_qualifier;
}

/*
 * args is to be interpreted as a series of longs but we need to handle
 * 8-byte unaligned accesses. args points to raw_data within the event
 * and raw_data is guaranteed to be 8-byte unaligned because it is
 * preceded by raw_size which is a u32. So we need to copy args to a temp
 * variable to read it. Most notably this avoids extended load instructions
 * on unaligned addresses
 */
unsigned long syscall_arg__val(struct syscall_arg *arg, u8 idx)
{
        unsigned long val;
        unsigned char *p = arg->args + sizeof(unsigned long) * idx;

        memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val));
        return val;
}

static size_t syscall__scnprintf_name(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
                                      struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        if (sc->arg_fmt && sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s: ", sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name);

        return scnprintf(bf, size, "arg%d: ", arg->idx);
}

/*
 * Check if the value is in fact zero, i.e. mask whatever needs masking, such
 * as mount 'flags' argument that needs ignoring some magic flag, see comment
 * in tools/perf/trace/beauty/mount_flags.c
 */
static unsigned long syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt, struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val)
{
        if (fmt && fmt->mask_val)
                return fmt->mask_val(arg, val);

        return val;
}

static size_t syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt, char *bf, size_t size,
                                             struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val)
{
        if (fmt && fmt->scnprintf) {
                arg->val = val;
                if (fmt->parm)
                        arg->parm = fmt->parm;
                return fmt->scnprintf(bf, size, arg);
        }
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", val);
}

static size_t syscall__scnprintf_args(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
                                      unsigned char *args, void *augmented_args, int augmented_args_size,
                                      struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread)
{
        size_t printed = 0;
        unsigned long val;
        u8 bit = 1;
        struct syscall_arg arg = {
                .args   = args,
                .augmented = {
                        .size = augmented_args_size,
                        .args = augmented_args,
                },
                .idx    = 0,
                .mask   = 0,

                .trace  = trace,
                .thread = thread,
                .show_string_prefix = trace->show_string_prefix,
        };
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);

        /*
         * Things like fcntl will set this in its 'cmd' formatter to pick the
         * right formatter for the return value (an fd? file flags?), which is
         * not needed for syscalls that always return a given type, say an fd.
         */
        ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;

        if (sc->args != NULL) {
                struct tep_format_field *field;

                for (field = sc->args; field;
                     field = field->next, ++arg.idx, bit <<= 1) {
                        if (arg.mask & bit)
                                continue;

                        arg.fmt = &sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx];
                        val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);
                        /*
                         * Some syscall args need some mask, most don't and
                         * return val untouched.
                         */
                        val = syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx], &arg, val);

                        /*
                         * Suppress this argument if its value is zero and
                         * and we don't have a string associated in an
                         * strarray for it.
                         */
                        if (val == 0 &&
                            !trace->show_zeros &&
                            !(sc->arg_fmt &&
                              (sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].show_zero ||
                               sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAY ||
                               sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAYS) &&
                              sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].parm))
                                continue;

                        printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s", printed ? ", " : "");

                        if (trace->show_arg_names)
                                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s: ", field->name);

                        printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx],
                                                                  bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
                }
        } else if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format)) {
                /*
                 * If we managed to read the tracepoint /format file, then we
                 * may end up not having any args, like with gettid(), so only
                 * print the raw args when we didn't manage to read it.
                 */
                while (arg.idx < sc->nr_args) {
                        if (arg.mask & bit)
                                goto next_arg;
                        val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);
                        if (printed)
                                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, ", ");
                        printed += syscall__scnprintf_name(sc, bf + printed, size - printed, &arg);
                        printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx], bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
next_arg:
                        ++arg.idx;
                        bit <<= 1;
                }
        }

        return printed;
}

typedef int (*tracepoint_handler)(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                                  union perf_event *event,
                                  struct perf_sample *sample);

static struct syscall *trace__syscall_info(struct trace *trace,
                                           struct evsel *evsel, int id)
{
        int err = 0;

        if (id < 0) {

                /*
                 * XXX: Noticed on x86_64, reproduced as far back as 3.0.36, haven't tried
                 * before that, leaving at a higher verbosity level till that is
                 * explained. Reproduced with plain ftrace with:
                 *
                 * echo 1 > /t/events/raw_syscalls/sys_exit/enable
                 * grep "NR -1 " /t/trace_pipe
                 *
                 * After generating some load on the machine.
                 */
                if (verbose > 1) {
                        static u64 n;
                        fprintf(trace->output, "Invalid syscall %d id, skipping (%s, %" PRIu64 ") ...\n",
                                id, evsel__name(evsel), ++n);
                }
                return NULL;
        }

        err = -EINVAL;

#ifdef HAVE_SYSCALL_TABLE_SUPPORT
        if (id > trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id) {
#else
        if (id >= trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id) {
                /*
                 * With libaudit we don't know beforehand what is the max_id,
                 * so we let trace__read_syscall_info() figure that out as we
                 * go on reading syscalls.
                 */
                err = trace__read_syscall_info(trace, id);
                if (err)
#endif
                goto out_cant_read;
        }

        if ((trace->syscalls.table == NULL || trace->syscalls.table[id].name == NULL) &&
            (err = trace__read_syscall_info(trace, id)) != 0)
                goto out_cant_read;

        if (trace->syscalls.table[id].name == NULL) {
                if (trace->syscalls.table[id].nonexistent)
                        return NULL;
                goto out_cant_read;
        }

        return &trace->syscalls.table[id];

out_cant_read:
        if (verbose > 0) {
                char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
                fprintf(trace->output, "Problems reading syscall %d: %d (%s)", id, -err, str_error_r(-err, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)));
                if (id <= trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id && trace->syscalls.table[id].name != NULL)
                        fprintf(trace->output, "(%s)", trace->syscalls.table[id].name);
                fputs(" information\n", trace->output);
        }
        return NULL;
}

struct syscall_stats {
        struct stats stats;
        u64          nr_failures;
        int          max_errno;
        u32          *errnos;
};

static void thread__update_stats(struct thread *thread, struct thread_trace *ttrace,
                                 int id, struct perf_sample *sample, long err, bool errno_summary)
{
        struct int_node *inode;
        struct syscall_stats *stats;
        u64 duration = 0;

        inode = intlist__findnew(ttrace->syscall_stats, id);
        if (inode == NULL)
                return;

        stats = inode->priv;
        if (stats == NULL) {
                stats = malloc(sizeof(*stats));
                if (stats == NULL)
                        return;

                stats->nr_failures = 0;
                stats->max_errno   = 0;
                stats->errnos      = NULL;
                init_stats(&stats->stats);
                inode->priv = stats;
        }

        if (ttrace->entry_time && sample->time > ttrace->entry_time)
                duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;

        update_stats(&stats->stats, duration);

        if (err < 0) {
                ++stats->nr_failures;

                if (!errno_summary)
                        return;

                err = -err;
                if (err > stats->max_errno) {
                        u32 *new_errnos = realloc(stats->errnos, err * sizeof(u32));

                        if (new_errnos) {
                                memset(new_errnos + stats->max_errno, 0, (err - stats->max_errno) * sizeof(u32));
                        } else {
                                pr_debug("Not enough memory for errno stats for thread \"%s\"(%d/%d), results will be incomplete\n",
                                         thread__comm_str(thread), thread->pid_, thread->tid);
                                return;
                        }

                        stats->errnos = new_errnos;
                        stats->max_errno = err;
                }

                ++stats->errnos[err - 1];
        }
}

static int trace__printf_interrupted_entry(struct trace *trace)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        size_t printed;
        int len;

        if (trace->failure_only || trace->current == NULL)
                return 0;

        ttrace = thread__priv(trace->current);

        if (!ttrace->entry_pending)
                return 0;

        printed  = trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, trace->current, 0, false, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);
        printed += len = fprintf(trace->output, "%s)", ttrace->entry_str);

        if (len < trace->args_alignment - 4)
                printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%-*s", trace->args_alignment - 4 - len, " ");

        printed += fprintf(trace->output, " ...\n");

        ttrace->entry_pending = false;
        ++trace->nr_events_printed;

        return printed;
}

static int trace__fprintf_sample(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                                 struct perf_sample *sample, struct thread *thread)
{
        int printed = 0;

        if (trace->print_sample) {
                double ts = (double)sample->time / NSEC_PER_MSEC;

                printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%22s %10.3f %s %d/%d [%d]\n",
                                   evsel__name(evsel), ts,
                                   thread__comm_str(thread),
                                   sample->pid, sample->tid, sample->cpu);
        }

        return printed;
}

static void *syscall__augmented_args(struct syscall *sc, struct perf_sample *sample, int *augmented_args_size, int raw_augmented_args_size)
{
        void *augmented_args = NULL;
        /*
         * For now with BPF raw_augmented we hook into raw_syscalls:sys_enter
         * and there we get all 6 syscall args plus the tracepoint common fields
         * that gets calculated at the start and the syscall_nr (another long).
         * So we check if that is the case and if so don't look after the
         * sc->args_size but always after the full raw_syscalls:sys_enter payload,
         * which is fixed.
         *
         * We'll revisit this later to pass s->args_size to the BPF augmenter
         * (now tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c, so that it
         * copies only what we need for each syscall, like what happens when we
         * use syscalls:sys_enter_NAME, so that we reduce the kernel/userspace
         * traffic to just what is needed for each syscall.
         */
        int args_size = raw_augmented_args_size ?: sc->args_size;

        *augmented_args_size = sample->raw_size - args_size;
        if (*augmented_args_size > 0)
                augmented_args = sample->raw_data + args_size;

        return augmented_args;
}

static void syscall__exit(struct syscall *sc)
{
        if (!sc)
                return;

        free(sc->arg_fmt);
}

static int trace__sys_enter(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                            union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                            struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        char *msg;
        void *args;
        int printed = 0;
        struct thread *thread;
        int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1;
        int augmented_args_size = 0;
        void *augmented_args = NULL;
        struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;

        if (sc == NULL)
                return -1;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        trace__fprintf_sample(trace, evsel, sample, thread);

        args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, args, sample);

        if (ttrace->entry_str == NULL) {
                ttrace->entry_str = malloc(trace__entry_str_size);
                if (!ttrace->entry_str)
                        goto out_put;
        }

        if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->min_stack))
                trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);
        /*
         * If this is raw_syscalls.sys_enter, then it always comes with the 6 possible
         * arguments, even if the syscall being handled, say "openat", uses only 4 arguments
         * this breaks syscall__augmented_args() check for augmented args, as we calculate
         * syscall->args_size using each syscalls:sys_enter_NAME tracefs format file,
         * so when handling, say the openat syscall, we end up getting 6 args for the
         * raw_syscalls:sys_enter event, when we expected just 4, we end up mistakenly
         * thinking that the extra 2 u64 args are the augmented filename, so just check
         * here and avoid using augmented syscalls when the evsel is the raw_syscalls one.
         */
        if (evsel != trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter)
                augmented_args = syscall__augmented_args(sc, sample, &augmented_args_size, trace->raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size);
        ttrace->entry_time = sample->time;
        msg = ttrace->entry_str;
        printed += scnprintf(msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed, "%s(", sc->name);

        printed += syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed,
                                           args, augmented_args, augmented_args_size, trace, thread);

        if (sc->is_exit) {
                if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->failure_only || trace->min_stack)) {
                        int alignment = 0;

                        trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, false, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);
                        printed = fprintf(trace->output, "%s)", ttrace->entry_str);
                        if (trace->args_alignment > printed)
                                alignment = trace->args_alignment - printed;
                        fprintf(trace->output, "%*s= ?\n", alignment, " ");
                }
        } else {
                ttrace->entry_pending = true;
                /* See trace__vfs_getname & trace__sys_exit */
                ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
        }

        if (trace->current != thread) {
                thread__put(trace->current);
                trace->current = thread__get(thread);
        }
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__fprintf_sys_enter(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                                    struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        struct thread *thread;
        int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1;
        struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
        char msg[1024];
        void *args, *augmented_args = NULL;
        int augmented_args_size;

        if (sc == NULL)
                return -1;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        /*
         * We need to get ttrace just to make sure it is there when syscall__scnprintf_args()
         * and the rest of the beautifiers accessing it via struct syscall_arg touches it.
         */
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, args, sample);
        augmented_args = syscall__augmented_args(sc, sample, &augmented_args_size, trace->raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size);
        syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg, sizeof(msg), args, augmented_args, augmented_args_size, trace, thread);
        fprintf(trace->output, "%s", msg);
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__resolve_callchain(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                                    struct perf_sample *sample,
                                    struct callchain_cursor *cursor)
{
        struct addr_location al;
        int max_stack = evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack ?
                        evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack :
                        trace->max_stack;
        int err;

        if (machine__resolve(trace->host, &al, sample) < 0)
                return -1;

        err = thread__resolve_callchain(al.thread, cursor, evsel, sample, NULL, NULL, max_stack);
        addr_location__put(&al);
        return err;
}

static int trace__fprintf_callchain(struct trace *trace, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        /* TODO: user-configurable print_opts */
        const unsigned int print_opts = EVSEL__PRINT_SYM |
                                        EVSEL__PRINT_DSO |
                                        EVSEL__PRINT_UNKNOWN_AS_ADDR;

        return sample__fprintf_callchain(sample, 38, print_opts, &callchain_cursor, symbol_conf.bt_stop_list, trace->output);
}

static const char *errno_to_name(struct evsel *evsel, int err)
{
        struct perf_env *env = evsel__env(evsel);
        const char *arch_name = perf_env__arch(env);

        return arch_syscalls__strerrno(arch_name, err);
}

static int trace__sys_exit(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                           union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                           struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        long ret;
        u64 duration = 0;
        bool duration_calculated = false;
        struct thread *thread;
        int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1, callchain_ret = 0, printed = 0;
        int alignment = trace->args_alignment;
        struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;

        if (sc == NULL)
                return -1;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        trace__fprintf_sample(trace, evsel, sample, thread);

        ret = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, ret, sample);

        if (trace->summary)
                thread__update_stats(thread, ttrace, id, sample, ret, trace->errno_summary);

        if (!trace->fd_path_disabled && sc->is_open && ret >= 0 && ttrace->filename.pending_open) {
                trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, ret, ttrace->filename.name);
                ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
                ++trace->stats.vfs_getname;
        }

        if (ttrace->entry_time) {
                duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;
                if (trace__filter_duration(trace, duration))
                        goto out;
                duration_calculated = true;
        } else if (trace->duration_filter)
                goto out;

        if (sample->callchain) {
                callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
                if (callchain_ret == 0) {
                        if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                                goto out;
                        callchain_ret = 1;
                }
        }

        if (trace->summary_only || (ret >= 0 && trace->failure_only))
                goto out;

        trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, duration, duration_calculated, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);

        if (ttrace->entry_pending) {
                printed = fprintf(trace->output, "%s", ttrace->entry_str);
        } else {
                printed += fprintf(trace->output, " ... [");
                color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "continued");
                printed += 9;
                printed += fprintf(trace->output, "]: %s()", sc->name);
        }

        printed++; /* the closing ')' */

        if (alignment > printed)
                alignment -= printed;
        else
                alignment = 0;

        fprintf(trace->output, ")%*s= ", alignment, " ");

        if (sc->fmt == NULL) {
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto errno_print;
signed_print:
                fprintf(trace->output, "%ld", ret);
        } else if (ret < 0) {
errno_print: {
                char bf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
                const char *emsg = str_error_r(-ret, bf, sizeof(bf)),
                           *e = errno_to_name(evsel, -ret);

                fprintf(trace->output, "-1 %s (%s)", e, emsg);
        }
        } else if (ret == 0 && sc->fmt->timeout)
                fprintf(trace->output, "0 (Timeout)");
        else if (ttrace->ret_scnprintf) {
                char bf[1024];
                struct syscall_arg arg = {
                        .val    = ret,
                        .thread = thread,
                        .trace  = trace,
                };
                ttrace->ret_scnprintf(bf, sizeof(bf), &arg);
                ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;
                fprintf(trace->output, "%s", bf);
        } else if (sc->fmt->hexret)
                fprintf(trace->output, "%#lx", ret);
        else if (sc->fmt->errpid) {
                struct thread *child = machine__find_thread(trace->host, ret, ret);

                if (child != NULL) {
                        fprintf(trace->output, "%ld", ret);
                        if (child->comm_set)
                                fprintf(trace->output, " (%s)", thread__comm_str(child));
                        thread__put(child);
                }
        } else
                goto signed_print;

        fputc('\n', trace->output);

        /*
         * We only consider an 'event' for the sake of --max-events a non-filtered
         * sys_enter + sys_exit and other tracepoint events.
         */
        if (++trace->nr_events_printed == trace->max_events && trace->max_events != ULONG_MAX)
                interrupted = true;

        if (callchain_ret > 0)
                trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
        else if (callchain_ret < 0)
                pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));
out:
        ttrace->entry_pending = false;
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__vfs_getname(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                              union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                              struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        size_t filename_len, entry_str_len, to_move;
        ssize_t remaining_space;
        char *pos;
        const char *filename = evsel__rawptr(evsel, sample, "pathname");

        if (!thread)
                goto out;

        ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
        if (!ttrace)
                goto out_put;

        filename_len = strlen(filename);
        if (filename_len == 0)
                goto out_put;

        if (ttrace->filename.namelen < filename_len) {
                char *f = realloc(ttrace->filename.name, filename_len + 1);

                if (f == NULL)
                        goto out_put;

                ttrace->filename.namelen = filename_len;
                ttrace->filename.name = f;
        }

        strcpy(ttrace->filename.name, filename);
        ttrace->filename.pending_open = true;

        if (!ttrace->filename.ptr)
                goto out_put;

        entry_str_len = strlen(ttrace->entry_str);
        remaining_space = trace__entry_str_size - entry_str_len - 1; /* \0 */
        if (remaining_space <= 0)
                goto out_put;

        if (filename_len > (size_t)remaining_space) {
                filename += filename_len - remaining_space;
                filename_len = remaining_space;
        }

        to_move = entry_str_len - ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos + 1; /* \0 */
        pos = ttrace->entry_str + ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos;
        memmove(pos + filename_len, pos, to_move);
        memcpy(pos, filename, filename_len);

        ttrace->filename.ptr = 0;
        ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
out:
        return 0;
}

static int trace__sched_stat_runtime(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                                     union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                                     struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        u64 runtime = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "runtime");
        double runtime_ms = (double)runtime / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host,
                                                        sample->pid,
                                                        sample->tid);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);

        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_dump;

        ttrace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
        trace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return 0;

out_dump:
        fprintf(trace->output, "%s: comm=%s,pid=%u,runtime=%" PRIu64 ",vruntime=%" PRIu64 ")\n",
               evsel->name,
               evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "comm"),
               (pid_t)evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid"),
               runtime,
               evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "vruntime"));
        goto out_put;
}

static int bpf_output__printer(enum binary_printer_ops op,
                               unsigned int val, void *extra __maybe_unused, FILE *fp)
{
        unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)val;

        switch (op) {
        case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_DATA:
                return fprintf(fp, "%c", isprint(ch) ? ch : '.');
        case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_BEGIN:
        case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_BEGIN:
        case BINARY_PRINT_ADDR:
        case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_DATA:
        case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_PAD:
        case BINARY_PRINT_SEP:
        case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_PAD:
        case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_END:
        case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_END:
        default:
                break;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void bpf_output__fprintf(struct trace *trace,
                                struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        binary__fprintf(sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size, 8,
                        bpf_output__printer, NULL, trace->output);
        ++trace->nr_events_printed;
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_tp_fields(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel, struct perf_sample *sample,
                                       struct thread *thread, void *augmented_args, int augmented_args_size)
{
        char bf[2048];
        size_t size = sizeof(bf);
        struct tep_format_field *field = evsel->tp_format->format.fields;
        struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg = __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
        size_t printed = 0;
        unsigned long val;
        u8 bit = 1;
        struct syscall_arg syscall_arg = {
                .augmented = {
                        .size = augmented_args_size,
                        .args = augmented_args,
                },
                .idx    = 0,
                .mask   = 0,
                .trace  = trace,
                .thread = thread,
                .show_string_prefix = trace->show_string_prefix,
        };

        for (; field && arg; field = field->next, ++syscall_arg.idx, bit <<= 1, ++arg) {
                if (syscall_arg.mask & bit)
                        continue;

                syscall_arg.len = 0;
                syscall_arg.fmt = arg;
                if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_ARRAY) {
                        int offset = field->offset;

                        if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_DYNAMIC) {
                                offset = format_field__intval(field, sample, evsel->needs_swap);
                                syscall_arg.len = offset >> 16;
                                offset &= 0xffff;
                        }

                        val = (uintptr_t)(sample->raw_data + offset);
                } else
                        val = format_field__intval(field, sample, evsel->needs_swap);
                /*
                 * Some syscall args need some mask, most don't and
                 * return val untouched.
                 */
                val = syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(arg, &syscall_arg, val);

                /*
                 * Suppress this argument if its value is zero and
                 * and we don't have a string associated in an
                 * strarray for it.
                 */
                if (val == 0 &&
                    !trace->show_zeros &&
                    !((arg->show_zero ||
                       arg->scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAY ||
                       arg->scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAYS) &&
                      arg->parm))
                        continue;

                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s", printed ? ", " : "");

                /*
                 * XXX Perhaps we should have a show_tp_arg_names,
                 * leaving show_arg_names just for syscalls?
                 */
                if (1 || trace->show_arg_names)
                        printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s: ", field->name);

                printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(arg, bf + printed, size - printed, &syscall_arg, val);
        }

        return printed + fprintf(trace->output, "%s", bf);
}

static int trace__event_handler(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                                union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                                struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct thread *thread;
        int callchain_ret = 0;
        /*
         * Check if we called perf_evsel__disable(evsel) due to, for instance,
         * this event's max_events having been hit and this is an entry coming
         * from the ring buffer that we should discard, since the max events
         * have already been considered/printed.
         */
        if (evsel->disabled)
                return 0;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);

        if (sample->callchain) {
                callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
                if (callchain_ret == 0) {
                        if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                                goto out;
                        callchain_ret = 1;
                }
        }

        trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);
        trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, sample->time, trace->output);

        if (trace->trace_syscalls && trace->show_duration)
                fprintf(trace->output, "(         ): ");

        if (thread)
                trace__fprintf_comm_tid(trace, thread, trace->output);

        if (evsel == trace->syscalls.events.augmented) {
                int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample);
                struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);

                if (sc) {
                        fprintf(trace->output, "%s(", sc->name);
                        trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, evsel, sample);
                        fputc(')', trace->output);
                        goto newline;
                }

                /*
                 * XXX: Not having the associated syscall info or not finding/adding
                 *      the thread should never happen, but if it does...
                 *      fall thru and print it as a bpf_output event.
                 */
        }

        fprintf(trace->output, "%s(", evsel->name);

        if (evsel__is_bpf_output(evsel)) {
                bpf_output__fprintf(trace, sample);
        } else if (evsel->tp_format) {
                if (strncmp(evsel->tp_format->name, "sys_enter_", 10) ||
                    trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, evsel, sample)) {
                        if (trace->libtraceevent_print) {
                                event_format__fprintf(evsel->tp_format, sample->cpu,
                                                      sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size,
                                                      trace->output);
                        } else {
                                trace__fprintf_tp_fields(trace, evsel, sample, thread, NULL, 0);
                        }
                }
        }

newline:
        fprintf(trace->output, ")\n");

        if (callchain_ret > 0)
                trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
        else if (callchain_ret < 0)
                pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));

        ++trace->nr_events_printed;

        if (evsel->max_events != ULONG_MAX && ++evsel->nr_events_printed == evsel->max_events) {
                evsel__disable(evsel);
                evsel__close(evsel);
        }
out:
        thread__put(thread);
        return 0;
}

static void print_location(FILE *f, struct perf_sample *sample,
                           struct addr_location *al,
                           bool print_dso, bool print_sym)
{

        if ((verbose > 0 || print_dso) && al->map)
                fprintf(f, "%s@", al->map->dso->long_name);

        if ((verbose > 0 || print_sym) && al->sym)
                fprintf(f, "%s+0x%" PRIx64, al->sym->name,
                        al->addr - al->sym->start);
        else if (al->map)
                fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, al->addr);
        else
                fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, sample->addr);
}

static int trace__pgfault(struct trace *trace,
                          struct evsel *evsel,
                          union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                          struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct thread *thread;
        struct addr_location al;
        char map_type = 'd';
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        int err = -1;
        int callchain_ret = 0;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);

        if (sample->callchain) {
                callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
                if (callchain_ret == 0) {
                        if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                                goto out_put;
                        callchain_ret = 1;
                }
        }

        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        if (evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ)
                ttrace->pfmaj++;
        else
                ttrace->pfmin++;

        if (trace->summary_only)
                goto out;

        thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->ip, &al);

        trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, true, sample->time, trace->output);

        fprintf(trace->output, "%sfault [",
                evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ ?
                "maj" : "min");

        print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, false, true);

        fprintf(trace->output, "] => ");

        thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);

        if (!al.map) {
                thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);

                if (al.map)
                        map_type = 'x';
                else
                        map_type = '?';
        }

        print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, true, false);

        fprintf(trace->output, " (%c%c)\n", map_type, al.level);

        if (callchain_ret > 0)
                trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
        else if (callchain_ret < 0)
                pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));

        ++trace->nr_events_printed;
out:
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static void trace__set_base_time(struct trace *trace,
                                 struct evsel *evsel,
                                 struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        /*
         * BPF events were not setting PERF_SAMPLE_TIME, so be more robust
         * and don't use sample->time unconditionally, we may end up having
         * some other event in the future without PERF_SAMPLE_TIME for good
         * reason, i.e. we may not be interested in its timestamps, just in
         * it taking place, picking some piece of information when it
         * appears in our event stream (vfs_getname comes to mind).
         */
        if (trace->base_time == 0 && !trace->full_time &&
            (evsel->core.attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME))
                trace->base_time = sample->time;
}

static int trace__process_sample(struct perf_tool *tool,
                                 union perf_event *event,
                                 struct perf_sample *sample,
                                 struct evsel *evsel,
                                 struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
        struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
        struct thread *thread;
        int err = 0;

        tracepoint_handler handler = evsel->handler;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        if (thread && thread__is_filtered(thread))
                goto out;

        trace__set_base_time(trace, evsel, sample);

        if (handler) {
                ++trace->nr_events;
                handler(trace, evsel, event, sample);
        }
out:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__record(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv)
{
        unsigned int rec_argc, i, j;
        const char **rec_argv;
        const char * const record_args[] = {
                "record",
                "-R",
                "-m", "1024",
                "-c", "1",
        };
        pid_t pid = getpid();
        char *filter = asprintf__tp_filter_pids(1, &pid);