// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

/* Copyright (c) 2019 Facebook */

#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/zalloc.h>
#include <api/fs/fs.h>
#include <perf/bpf_perf.h>

#include "bpf_counter.h"
#include "bpf-utils.h"
#include "counts.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "evsel.h"
#include "evlist.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "cgroup.h"
#include "cpumap.h"
#include "thread_map.h"

#include "bpf_skel/bpf_prog_profiler.skel.h"
#include "bpf_skel/bperf_u.h"
#include "bpf_skel/bperf_leader.skel.h"
#include "bpf_skel/bperf_follower.skel.h"

#define ATTR_MAP_SIZE 16

static inline void *u64_to_ptr(__u64 ptr)
{
        return (void *)(unsigned long)ptr;
}

static struct bpf_counter *bpf_counter_alloc(void)
{
        struct bpf_counter *counter;

        counter = zalloc(sizeof(*counter));
        if (counter)
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&counter->list);
        return counter;
}

static int bpf_program_profiler__destroy(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct bpf_counter *counter, *tmp;

        list_for_each_entry_safe(counter, tmp,
                                 &evsel->bpf_counter_list, list) {
                list_del_init(&counter->list);
                bpf_prog_profiler_bpf__destroy(counter->skel);
                free(counter);
        }
        assert(list_empty(&evsel->bpf_counter_list));

        return 0;
}

static char *bpf_target_prog_name(int tgt_fd)
{
        struct bpf_func_info *func_info;
        struct perf_bpil *info_linear;
        const struct btf_type *t;
        struct btf *btf = NULL;
        char *name = NULL;

        info_linear = get_bpf_prog_info_linear(tgt_fd, 1UL << PERF_BPIL_FUNC_INFO);
        if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(info_linear)) {
                pr_debug("failed to get info_linear for prog FD %d\n", tgt_fd);
                return NULL;
        }

        if (info_linear->info.btf_id == 0) {
                pr_debug("prog FD %d doesn't have valid btf\n", tgt_fd);
                goto out;
        }

        btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info_linear->info.btf_id);
        if (libbpf_get_error(btf)) {
                pr_debug("failed to load btf for prog FD %d\n", tgt_fd);
                goto out;
        }

        func_info = u64_to_ptr(info_linear->info.func_info);
        t = btf__type_by_id(btf, func_info[0].type_id);
        if (!t) {
                pr_debug("btf %d doesn't have type %d\n",
                         info_linear->info.btf_id, func_info[0].type_id);
                goto out;
        }
        name = strdup(btf__name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
out:
        btf__free(btf);
        free(info_linear);
        return name;
}

static int bpf_program_profiler_load_one(struct evsel *evsel, u32 prog_id)
{
        struct bpf_prog_profiler_bpf *skel;
        struct bpf_counter *counter;
        struct bpf_program *prog;
        char *prog_name;
        int prog_fd;
        int err;

        prog_fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(prog_id);
        if (prog_fd < 0) {
                pr_err("Failed to open fd for bpf prog %u\n", prog_id);
                return -1;
        }
        counter = bpf_counter_alloc();
        if (!counter) {
                close(prog_fd);
                return -1;
        }

        skel = bpf_prog_profiler_bpf__open();
        if (!skel) {
                pr_err("Failed to open bpf skeleton\n");
                goto err_out;
        }

        skel->rodata->num_cpu = evsel__nr_cpus(evsel);

        bpf_map__set_max_entries(skel->maps.events, evsel__nr_cpus(evsel));
        bpf_map__set_max_entries(skel->maps.fentry_readings, 1);
        bpf_map__set_max_entries(skel->maps.accum_readings, 1);

        prog_name = bpf_target_prog_name(prog_fd);
        if (!prog_name) {
                pr_err("Failed to get program name for bpf prog %u. Does it have BTF?\n", prog_id);
                goto err_out;
        }

        bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, skel->obj) {
                err = bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, prog_fd, prog_name);
                if (err) {
                        pr_err("bpf_program__set_attach_target failed.\n"
                               "Does bpf prog %u have BTF?\n", prog_id);
                        goto err_out;
                }
        }
        set_max_rlimit();
        err = bpf_prog_profiler_bpf__load(skel);
        if (err) {
                pr_err("bpf_prog_profiler_bpf__load failed\n");
                goto err_out;
        }

        assert(skel != NULL);
        counter->skel = skel;
        list_add(&counter->list, &evsel->bpf_counter_list);
        close(prog_fd);
        return 0;
err_out:
        bpf_prog_profiler_bpf__destroy(skel);
        free(counter);
        close(prog_fd);
        return -1;
}

static int bpf_program_profiler__load(struct evsel *evsel, struct target *target)
{
        char *bpf_str, *bpf_str_, *tok, *saveptr = NULL, *p;
        u32 prog_id;
        int ret;

        bpf_str_ = bpf_str = strdup(target->bpf_str);
        if (!bpf_str)
                return -1;

        while ((tok = strtok_r(bpf_str, ",", &saveptr)) != NULL) {
                prog_id = strtoul(tok, &p, 10);
                if (prog_id == 0 || prog_id == UINT_MAX ||
                    (*p != '\0' && *p != ',')) {
                        pr_err("Failed to parse bpf prog ids %s\n",
                               target->bpf_str);
                        return -1;
                }

                ret = bpf_program_profiler_load_one(evsel, prog_id);
                if (ret) {
                        bpf_program_profiler__destroy(evsel);
                        free(bpf_str_);
                        return -1;
                }
                bpf_str = NULL;
        }
        free(bpf_str_);
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_program_profiler__enable(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct bpf_counter *counter;
        int ret;

        list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel->bpf_counter_list, list) {
                assert(counter->skel != NULL);
                ret = bpf_prog_profiler_bpf__attach(counter->skel);
                if (ret) {
                        bpf_program_profiler__destroy(evsel);
                        return ret;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_program_profiler__disable(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct bpf_counter *counter;

        list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel->bpf_counter_list, list) {
                assert(counter->skel != NULL);
                bpf_prog_profiler_bpf__detach(counter->skel);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_program_profiler__read(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        // perf_cpu_map uses /sys/devices/system/cpu/online
        int num_cpu = evsel__nr_cpus(evsel);
        // BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY uses /sys/devices/system/cpu/possible
        // Sometimes possible > online, like on a Ryzen 3900X that has 24
        // threads but its possible showed 0-31 -acme
        int num_cpu_bpf = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
        struct bpf_perf_event_value values[num_cpu_bpf];
        struct bpf_counter *counter;
        int reading_map_fd;
        __u32 key = 0;
        int err, cpu;

        if (list_empty(&evsel->bpf_counter_list))
                return -EAGAIN;

        for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++) {
                perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->val = 0;
                perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->ena = 0;
                perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->run = 0;
        }
        list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel->bpf_counter_list, list) {
                struct bpf_prog_profiler_bpf *skel = counter->skel;

                assert(skel != NULL);
                reading_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(skel->maps.accum_readings);

                err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(reading_map_fd, &key, values);
                if (err) {
                        pr_err("failed to read value\n");
                        return err;
                }

                for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++) {
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->val += values[cpu].counter;
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->ena += values[cpu].enabled;
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->run += values[cpu].running;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

static int bpf_program_profiler__install_pe(struct evsel *evsel, int cpu_map_idx,
                                            int fd)
{
        struct bpf_prog_profiler_bpf *skel;
        struct bpf_counter *counter;
        int ret;

        list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel->bpf_counter_list, list) {
                skel = counter->skel;
                assert(skel != NULL);

                ret = bpf_map_update_elem(bpf_map__fd(skel->maps.events),
                                          &cpu_map_idx, &fd, BPF_ANY);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
        return 0;
}

struct bpf_counter_ops bpf_program_profiler_ops = {
        .load       = bpf_program_profiler__load,
        .enable     = bpf_program_profiler__enable,
        .disable    = bpf_program_profiler__disable,
        .read       = bpf_program_profiler__read,
        .destroy    = bpf_program_profiler__destroy,
        .install_pe = bpf_program_profiler__install_pe,
};

static bool bperf_attr_map_compatible(int attr_map_fd)
{
        struct bpf_map_info map_info = {0};
        __u32 map_info_len = sizeof(map_info);
        int err;

        err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(attr_map_fd, &map_info, &map_info_len);

        if (err)
                return false;
        return (map_info.key_size == sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)) &&
                (map_info.value_size == sizeof(struct perf_event_attr_map_entry));
}

int __weak
bpf_map_create(enum bpf_map_type map_type,
               const char *map_name __maybe_unused,
               __u32 key_size,
               __u32 value_size,
               __u32 max_entries,
               const struct bpf_map_create_opts *opts __maybe_unused)
{
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
        return bpf_create_map(map_type, key_size, value_size, max_entries, 0);
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
}

static int bperf_lock_attr_map(struct target *target)
{
        char path[PATH_MAX];
        int map_fd, err;

        if (target->attr_map) {
                scnprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s", target->attr_map);
        } else {
                scnprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/fs/bpf/%s", sysfs__mountpoint(),
                          BPF_PERF_DEFAULT_ATTR_MAP_PATH);
        }

        if (access(path, F_OK)) {
                map_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, NULL,
                                        sizeof(struct perf_event_attr),
                                        sizeof(struct perf_event_attr_map_entry),
                                        ATTR_MAP_SIZE, NULL);
                if (map_fd < 0)
                        return -1;

                err = bpf_obj_pin(map_fd, path);
                if (err) {
                        /* someone pinned the map in parallel? */
                        close(map_fd);
                        map_fd = bpf_obj_get(path);
                        if (map_fd < 0)
                                return -1;
                }
        } else {
                map_fd = bpf_obj_get(path);
                if (map_fd < 0)
                        return -1;
        }

        if (!bperf_attr_map_compatible(map_fd)) {
                close(map_fd);
                return -1;

        }
        err = flock(map_fd, LOCK_EX);
        if (err) {
                close(map_fd);
                return -1;
        }
        return map_fd;
}

static int bperf_check_target(struct evsel *evsel,
                              struct target *target,
                              enum bperf_filter_type *filter_type,
                              __u32 *filter_entry_cnt)
{
        if (evsel->core.leader->nr_members > 1) {
                pr_err("bpf managed perf events do not yet support groups.\n");
                return -1;
        }

        /* determine filter type based on target */
        if (target->system_wide) {
                *filter_type = BPERF_FILTER_GLOBAL;
                *filter_entry_cnt = 1;
        } else if (target->cpu_list) {
                *filter_type = BPERF_FILTER_CPU;
                *filter_entry_cnt = perf_cpu_map__nr(evsel__cpus(evsel));
        } else if (target->tid) {
                *filter_type = BPERF_FILTER_PID;
                *filter_entry_cnt = perf_thread_map__nr(evsel->core.threads);
        } else if (target->pid || evsel->evlist->workload.pid != -1) {
                *filter_type = BPERF_FILTER_TGID;
                *filter_entry_cnt = perf_thread_map__nr(evsel->core.threads);
        } else {
                pr_err("bpf managed perf events do not yet support these targets.\n");
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static  struct perf_cpu_map *all_cpu_map;

static int bperf_reload_leader_program(struct evsel *evsel, int attr_map_fd,
                                       struct perf_event_attr_map_entry *entry)
{
        struct bperf_leader_bpf *skel = bperf_leader_bpf__open();
        int link_fd, diff_map_fd, err;
        struct bpf_link *link = NULL;

        if (!skel) {
                pr_err("Failed to open leader skeleton\n");
                return -1;
        }

        bpf_map__set_max_entries(skel->maps.events, libbpf_num_possible_cpus());
        err = bperf_leader_bpf__load(skel);
        if (err) {
                pr_err("Failed to load leader skeleton\n");
                goto out;
        }

        link = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.on_switch);
        if (IS_ERR(link)) {
                pr_err("Failed to attach leader program\n");
                err = PTR_ERR(link);
                goto out;
        }

        link_fd = bpf_link__fd(link);
        diff_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(skel->maps.diff_readings);
        entry->link_id = bpf_link_get_id(link_fd);
        entry->diff_map_id = bpf_map_get_id(diff_map_fd);
        err = bpf_map_update_elem(attr_map_fd, &evsel->core.attr, entry, BPF_ANY);
        assert(err == 0);

        evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd = bpf_link_get_fd_by_id(entry->link_id);
        assert(evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd >= 0);

        /*
         * save leader_skel for install_pe, which is called within
         * following evsel__open_per_cpu call
         */
        evsel->leader_skel = skel;
        evsel__open_per_cpu(evsel, all_cpu_map, -1);

out:
        bperf_leader_bpf__destroy(skel);
        bpf_link__destroy(link);
        return err;
}

static int bperf__load(struct evsel *evsel, struct target *target)
{
        struct perf_event_attr_map_entry entry = {0xffffffff, 0xffffffff};
        int attr_map_fd, diff_map_fd = -1, err;
        enum bperf_filter_type filter_type;
        __u32 filter_entry_cnt, i;

        if (bperf_check_target(evsel, target, &filter_type, &filter_entry_cnt))
                return -1;

        if (!all_cpu_map) {
                all_cpu_map = perf_cpu_map__new(NULL);
                if (!all_cpu_map)
                        return -1;
        }

        evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd = -1;
        evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd = -1;

        /*
         * Step 1: hold a fd on the leader program and the bpf_link, if
         * the program is not already gone, reload the program.
         * Use flock() to ensure exclusive access to the perf_event_attr
         * map.
         */
        attr_map_fd = bperf_lock_attr_map(target);
        if (attr_map_fd < 0) {
                pr_err("Failed to lock perf_event_attr map\n");
                return -1;
        }

        err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(attr_map_fd, &evsel->core.attr, &entry);
        if (err) {
                err = bpf_map_update_elem(attr_map_fd, &evsel->core.attr, &entry, BPF_ANY);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd = bpf_link_get_fd_by_id(entry.link_id);
        if (evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd < 0 &&
            bperf_reload_leader_program(evsel, attr_map_fd, &entry)) {
                err = -1;
                goto out;
        }
        /*
         * The bpf_link holds reference to the leader program, and the
         * leader program holds reference to the maps. Therefore, if
         * link_id is valid, diff_map_id should also be valid.
         */
        evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(
                bpf_link_get_prog_id(evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd));
        assert(evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd >= 0);

        diff_map_fd = bpf_map_get_fd_by_id(entry.diff_map_id);
        assert(diff_map_fd >= 0);

        /*
         * bperf uses BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN to get accurate reading. Check
         * whether the kernel support it
         */
        err = bperf_trigger_reading(evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd, 0);
        if (err) {
                pr_err("The kernel does not support test_run for raw_tp BPF programs.\n"
                       "Therefore, --use-bpf might show inaccurate readings\n");
                goto out;
        }

        /* Step 2: load the follower skeleton */
        evsel->follower_skel = bperf_follower_bpf__open();
        if (!evsel->follower_skel) {
                err = -1;
                pr_err("Failed to open follower skeleton\n");
                goto out;
        }

        /* attach fexit program to the leader program */
        bpf_program__set_attach_target(evsel->follower_skel->progs.fexit_XXX,
                                       evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd, "on_switch");

        /* connect to leader diff_reading map */
        bpf_map__reuse_fd(evsel->follower_skel->maps.diff_readings, diff_map_fd);

        /* set up reading map */
        bpf_map__set_max_entries(evsel->follower_skel->maps.accum_readings,
                                 filter_entry_cnt);
        /* set up follower filter based on target */
        bpf_map__set_max_entries(evsel->follower_skel->maps.filter,
                                 filter_entry_cnt);
        err = bperf_follower_bpf__load(evsel->follower_skel);
        if (err) {
                pr_err("Failed to load follower skeleton\n");
                bperf_follower_bpf__destroy(evsel->follower_skel);
                evsel->follower_skel = NULL;
                goto out;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < filter_entry_cnt; i++) {
                int filter_map_fd;
                __u32 key;

                if (filter_type == BPERF_FILTER_PID ||
                    filter_type == BPERF_FILTER_TGID)
                        key = evsel->core.threads->map[i].pid;
                else if (filter_type == BPERF_FILTER_CPU)
                        key = evsel->core.cpus->map[i].cpu;
                else
                        break;

                filter_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(evsel->follower_skel->maps.filter);
                bpf_map_update_elem(filter_map_fd, &key, &i, BPF_ANY);
        }

        evsel->follower_skel->bss->type = filter_type;

        err = bperf_follower_bpf__attach(evsel->follower_skel);

out:
        if (err && evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd >= 0)
                close(evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd);
        if (err && evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd >= 0)
                close(evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd);
        if (diff_map_fd >= 0)
                close(diff_map_fd);

        flock(attr_map_fd, LOCK_UN);
        close(attr_map_fd);

        return err;
}

static int bperf__install_pe(struct evsel *evsel, int cpu_map_idx, int fd)
{
        struct bperf_leader_bpf *skel = evsel->leader_skel;

        return bpf_map_update_elem(bpf_map__fd(skel->maps.events),
                                   &cpu_map_idx, &fd, BPF_ANY);
}

/*
 * trigger the leader prog on each cpu, so the accum_reading map could get
 * the latest readings.
 */
static int bperf_sync_counters(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        int num_cpu, i, cpu;

        num_cpu = all_cpu_map->nr;
        for (i = 0; i < num_cpu; i++) {
                cpu = all_cpu_map->map[i].cpu;
                bperf_trigger_reading(evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd, cpu);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int bperf__enable(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        evsel->follower_skel->bss->enabled = 1;
        return 0;
}

static int bperf__disable(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        evsel->follower_skel->bss->enabled = 0;
        return 0;
}

static int bperf__read(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        struct bperf_follower_bpf *skel = evsel->follower_skel;
        __u32 num_cpu_bpf = cpu__max_cpu().cpu;
        struct bpf_perf_event_value values[num_cpu_bpf];
        int reading_map_fd, err = 0;
        __u32 i;
        int j;

        bperf_sync_counters(evsel);
        reading_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(skel->maps.accum_readings);

        for (i = 0; i < bpf_map__max_entries(skel->maps.accum_readings); i++) {
                struct perf_cpu entry;
                __u32 cpu;

                err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(reading_map_fd, &i, values);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
                switch (evsel->follower_skel->bss->type) {
                case BPERF_FILTER_GLOBAL:
                        assert(i == 0);

                        perf_cpu_map__for_each_cpu(entry, j, all_cpu_map) {
                                cpu = entry.cpu;
                                perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->val = values[cpu].counter;
                                perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->ena = values[cpu].enabled;
                                perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, 0)->run = values[cpu].running;
                        }
                        break;
                case BPERF_FILTER_CPU:
                        cpu = evsel->core.cpus->map[i].cpu;
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, i, 0)->val = values[cpu].counter;
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, i, 0)->ena = values[cpu].enabled;
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, i, 0)->run = values[cpu].running;
                        break;
                case BPERF_FILTER_PID:
                case BPERF_FILTER_TGID:
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, 0, i)->val = 0;
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, 0, i)->ena = 0;
                        perf_counts(evsel->counts, 0, i)->run = 0;

                        for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu_bpf; cpu++) {
                                perf_counts(evsel->counts, 0, i)->val += values[cpu].counter;
                                perf_counts(evsel->counts, 0, i)->ena += values[cpu].enabled;
                                perf_counts(evsel->counts, 0, i)->run += values[cpu].running;
                        }
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
out:
        return err;
}

static int bperf__destroy(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        bperf_follower_bpf__destroy(evsel->follower_skel);
        close(evsel->bperf_leader_prog_fd);
        close(evsel->bperf_leader_link_fd);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * bperf: share hardware PMCs with BPF
 *
 * perf uses performance monitoring counters (PMC) to monitor system
 * performance. The PMCs are limited hardware resources. For example,
 * Intel CPUs have 3x fixed PMCs and 4x programmable PMCs per cpu.
 *
 * Modern data center systems use these PMCs in many different ways:
 * system level monitoring, (maybe nested) container level monitoring, per
 * process monitoring, profiling (in sample mode), etc. In some cases,
 * there are more active perf_events than available hardware PMCs. To allow
 * all perf_events to have a chance to run, it is necessary to do expensive
 * time multiplexing of events.
 *
 * On the other hand, many monitoring tools count the common metrics
 * (cycles, instructions). It is a waste to have multiple tools create
 * multiple perf_events of "cycles" and occupy multiple PMCs.
 *
 * bperf tries to reduce such wastes by allowing multiple perf_events of
 * "cycles" or "instructions" (at different scopes) to share PMUs. Instead
 * of having each perf-stat session to read its own perf_events, bperf uses
 * BPF programs to read the perf_events and aggregate readings to BPF maps.
 * Then, the perf-stat session(s) reads the values from these BPF maps.
 *
 *                                ||
 *       shared progs and maps <- || -> per session progs and maps
 *                                ||
 *   ---------------              ||
 *   | perf_events |              ||
 *   ---------------       fexit  ||      -----------------
 *          |             --------||----> | follower prog |
 *       --------------- /        || ---  -----------------
 * cs -> | leader prog |/         ||/        |         |
 *   --> ---------------         /||  --------------  ------------------
 *  /       |         |         / ||  | filter map |  | accum_readings |
 * /  ------------  ------------  ||  --------------  ------------------
 * |  | prev map |  | diff map |  ||                        |
 * |  ------------  ------------  ||                        |
 *  \                             ||                        |
 * = \ ==================================================== | ============
 *    \                                                    /   user space
 *     \                                                  /
 *      \                                                /
 *    BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN                    BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM
 *        \                                            /
 *         \                                          /
 *          \------  perf-stat ----------------------/
 *
 * The figure above shows the architecture of bperf. Note that the figure
 * is divided into 3 regions: shared progs and maps (top left), per session
 * progs and maps (top right), and user space (bottom).
 *
 * The leader prog is triggered on each context switch (cs). The leader
 * prog reads perf_events and stores the difference (current_reading -
 * previous_reading) to the diff map. For the same metric, e.g. "cycles",
 * multiple perf-stat sessions share the same leader prog.
 *
 * Each perf-stat session creates a follower prog as fexit program to the
 * leader prog. It is possible to attach up to BPF_MAX_TRAMP_PROGS (38)
 * follower progs to the same leader prog. The follower prog checks current
 * task and processor ID to decide whether to add the value from the diff
 * map to its accumulated reading map (accum_readings).
 *
 * Finally, perf-stat user space reads the value from accum_reading map.
 *
 * Besides context switch, it is also necessary to trigger the leader prog
 * before perf-stat reads the value. Otherwise, the accum_reading map may
 * not have the latest reading from the perf_events. This is achieved by
 * triggering the event via sys_bpf(BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN) to each CPU.
 *
 * Comment before the definition of struct perf_event_attr_map_entry
 * describes how different sessions of perf-stat share information about
 * the leader prog.
 */

struct bpf_counter_ops bperf_ops = {
        .load       = bperf__load,
        .enable     = bperf__enable,
        .disable    = bperf__disable,
        .read       = bperf__read,
        .install_pe = bperf__install_pe,
        .destroy    = bperf__destroy,
};

extern struct bpf_counter_ops bperf_cgrp_ops;

static inline bool bpf_counter_skip(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        return list_empty(&evsel->bpf_counter_list) &&
                evsel->follower_skel == NULL;
}

int bpf_counter__install_pe(struct evsel *evsel, int cpu_map_idx, int fd)
{
        if (bpf_counter_skip(evsel))
                return 0;
        return evsel->bpf_counter_ops->install_pe(evsel, cpu_map_idx, fd);
}

int bpf_counter__load(struct evsel *evsel, struct target *target)
{
        if (target->bpf_str)
                evsel->bpf_counter_ops = &bpf_program_profiler_ops;
        else if (cgrp_event_expanded && target->use_bpf)
                evsel->bpf_counter_ops = &bperf_cgrp_ops;
        else if (target->use_bpf || evsel->bpf_counter ||
                 evsel__match_bpf_counter_events(evsel->name))
                evsel->bpf_counter_ops = &bperf_ops;

        if (evsel->bpf_counter_ops)
                return evsel->bpf_counter_ops->load(evsel, target);
        return 0;
}

int bpf_counter__enable(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        if (bpf_counter_skip(evsel))
                return 0;
        return evsel->bpf_counter_ops->enable(evsel);
}

int bpf_counter__disable(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        if (bpf_counter_skip(evsel))
                return 0;
        return evsel->bpf_counter_ops->disable(evsel);
}

int bpf_counter__read(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        if (bpf_counter_skip(evsel))
                return -EAGAIN;
        return evsel->bpf_counter_ops->read(evsel);
}

void bpf_counter__destroy(struct evsel *evsel)
{
        if (bpf_counter_skip(evsel))
                return;
        evsel->bpf_counter_ops->destroy(evsel);
        evsel->bpf_counter_ops = NULL;
}