// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_short_name */
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <syscall.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/sysinfo.h>
#include <asm/barrier.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/rseq.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>

#include "kvm_util.h"
#include "processor.h"
#include "test_util.h"

#define VCPU_ID 0

static __thread volatile struct rseq __rseq = {
        .cpu_id = RSEQ_CPU_ID_UNINITIALIZED,
};

/*
 * Use an arbitrary, bogus signature for configuring rseq, this test does not
 * actually enter an rseq critical section.
 */
#define RSEQ_SIG 0xdeadbeef

/*
 * Any bug related to task migration is likely to be timing-dependent; perform
 * a large number of migrations to reduce the odds of a false negative.
 */
#define NR_TASK_MIGRATIONS 100000

static pthread_t migration_thread;
static cpu_set_t possible_mask;
static int min_cpu, max_cpu;
static bool done;

static atomic_t seq_cnt;

static void guest_code(void)
{
        for (;;)
                GUEST_SYNC(0);
}

static void sys_rseq(int flags)
{
        int r;

        r = syscall(__NR_rseq, &__rseq, sizeof(__rseq), flags, RSEQ_SIG);
        TEST_ASSERT(!r, "rseq failed, errno = %d (%s)", errno, strerror(errno));
}

static int next_cpu(int cpu)
{
        /*
         * Advance to the next CPU, skipping those that weren't in the original
         * affinity set.  Sadly, there is no CPU_SET_FOR_EACH, and cpu_set_t's
         * data storage is considered as opaque.  Note, if this task is pinned
         * to a small set of discontigous CPUs, e.g. 2 and 1023, this loop will
         * burn a lot cycles and the test will take longer than normal to
         * complete.
         */
        do {
                cpu++;
                if (cpu > max_cpu) {
                        cpu = min_cpu;
                        TEST_ASSERT(CPU_ISSET(cpu, &possible_mask),
                                    "Min CPU = %d must always be usable", cpu);
                        break;
                }
        } while (!CPU_ISSET(cpu, &possible_mask));

        return cpu;
}

static void *migration_worker(void *__rseq_tid)
{
        pid_t rseq_tid = (pid_t)(unsigned long)__rseq_tid;
        cpu_set_t allowed_mask;
        int r, i, cpu;

        CPU_ZERO(&allowed_mask);

        for (i = 0, cpu = min_cpu; i < NR_TASK_MIGRATIONS; i++, cpu = next_cpu(cpu)) {
                CPU_SET(cpu, &allowed_mask);

                /*
                 * Bump the sequence count twice to allow the reader to detect
                 * that a migration may have occurred in between rseq and sched
                 * CPU ID reads.  An odd sequence count indicates a migration
                 * is in-progress, while a completely different count indicates
                 * a migration occurred since the count was last read.
                 */
                atomic_inc(&seq_cnt);

                /*
                 * Ensure the odd count is visible while sched_getcpu() isn't
                 * stable, i.e. while changing affinity is in-progress.
                 */
                smp_wmb();
                r = sched_setaffinity(rseq_tid, sizeof(allowed_mask), &allowed_mask);
                TEST_ASSERT(!r, "sched_setaffinity failed, errno = %d (%s)",
                            errno, strerror(errno));
                smp_wmb();
                atomic_inc(&seq_cnt);

                CPU_CLR(cpu, &allowed_mask);

                /*
                 * Wait 1-10us before proceeding to the next iteration and more
                 * specifically, before bumping seq_cnt again.  A delay is
                 * needed on three fronts:
                 *
                 *  1. To allow sched_setaffinity() to prompt migration before
                 *     ioctl(KVM_RUN) enters the guest so that TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME
                 *     (or TIF_NEED_RESCHED, which indirectly leads to handling
                 *     NOTIFY_RESUME) is handled in KVM context.
                 *
                 *     If NOTIFY_RESUME/NEED_RESCHED is set after KVM enters
                 *     the guest, the guest will trigger a IO/MMIO exit all the
                 *     way to userspace and the TIF flags will be handled by
                 *     the generic "exit to userspace" logic, not by KVM.  The
                 *     exit to userspace is necessary to give the test a chance
                 *     to check the rseq CPU ID (see #2).
                 *
                 *     Alternatively, guest_code() could include an instruction
                 *     to trigger an exit that is handled by KVM, but any such
                 *     exit requires architecture specific code.
                 *
                 *  2. To let ioctl(KVM_RUN) make its way back to the test
                 *     before the next round of migration.  The test's check on
                 *     the rseq CPU ID must wait for migration to complete in
                 *     order to avoid false positive, thus any kernel rseq bug
                 *     will be missed if the next migration starts before the
                 *     check completes.
                 *
                 *  3. To ensure the read-side makes efficient forward progress,
                 *     e.g. if sched_getcpu() involves a syscall.  Stalling the
                 *     read-side means the test will spend more time waiting for
                 *     sched_getcpu() to stabilize and less time trying to hit
                 *     the timing-dependent bug.
                 *
                 * Because any bug in this area is likely to be timing-dependent,
                 * run with a range of delays at 1us intervals from 1us to 10us
                 * as a best effort to avoid tuning the test to the point where
                 * it can hit _only_ the original bug and not detect future
                 * regressions.
                 *
                 * The original bug can reproduce with a delay up to ~500us on
                 * x86-64, but starts to require more iterations to reproduce
                 * as the delay creeps above ~10us, and the average runtime of
                 * each iteration obviously increases as well.  Cap the delay
                 * at 10us to keep test runtime reasonable while minimizing
                 * potential coverage loss.
                 *
                 * The lower bound for reproducing the bug is likely below 1us,
                 * e.g. failures occur on x86-64 with nanosleep(0), but at that
                 * point the overhead of the syscall likely dominates the delay.
                 * Use usleep() for simplicity and to avoid unnecessary kernel
                 * dependencies.
                 */
                usleep((i % 10) + 1);
        }
        done = true;
        return NULL;
}

static int calc_min_max_cpu(void)
{
        int i, cnt, nproc;

        if (CPU_COUNT(&possible_mask) < 2)
                return -EINVAL;

        /*
         * CPU_SET doesn't provide a FOR_EACH helper, get the min/max CPU that
         * this task is affined to in order to reduce the time spent querying
         * unusable CPUs, e.g. if this task is pinned to a small percentage of
         * total CPUs.
         */
        nproc = get_nprocs_conf();
        min_cpu = -1;
        max_cpu = -1;
        cnt = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
                if (!CPU_ISSET(i, &possible_mask))
                        continue;
                if (min_cpu == -1)
                        min_cpu = i;
                max_cpu = i;
                cnt++;
        }

        return (cnt < 2) ? -EINVAL : 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int r, i, snapshot;
        struct kvm_vm *vm;
        u32 cpu, rseq_cpu;

        /* Tell stdout not to buffer its content */
        setbuf(stdout, NULL);

        r = sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof(possible_mask), &possible_mask);
        TEST_ASSERT(!r, "sched_getaffinity failed, errno = %d (%s)", errno,
                    strerror(errno));

        if (calc_min_max_cpu()) {
                print_skip("Only one usable CPU, task migration not possible");
                exit(KSFT_SKIP);
        }

        sys_rseq(0);

        /*
         * Create and run a dummy VM that immediately exits to userspace via
         * GUEST_SYNC, while concurrently migrating the process by setting its
         * CPU affinity.
         */
        vm = vm_create_default(VCPU_ID, 0, guest_code);
        ucall_init(vm, NULL);

        pthread_create(&migration_thread, NULL, migration_worker,
                       (void *)(unsigned long)gettid());

        for (i = 0; !done; i++) {
                vcpu_run(vm, VCPU_ID);
                TEST_ASSERT(get_ucall(vm, VCPU_ID, NULL) == UCALL_SYNC,
                            "Guest failed?");

                /*
                 * Verify rseq's CPU matches sched's CPU.  Ensure migration
                 * doesn't occur between sched_getcpu() and reading the rseq
                 * cpu_id by rereading both if the sequence count changes, or
                 * if the count is odd (migration in-progress).
                 */
                do {
                        /*
                         * Drop bit 0 to force a mismatch if the count is odd,
                         * i.e. if a migration is in-progress.
                         */
                        snapshot = atomic_read(&seq_cnt) & ~1;

                        /*
                         * Ensure reading sched_getcpu() and rseq.cpu_id
                         * complete in a single "no migration" window, i.e. are
                         * not reordered across the seq_cnt reads.
                         */
                        smp_rmb();
                        cpu = sched_getcpu();
                        rseq_cpu = READ_ONCE(__rseq.cpu_id);
                        smp_rmb();
                } while (snapshot != atomic_read(&seq_cnt));

                TEST_ASSERT(rseq_cpu == cpu,
                            "rseq CPU = %d, sched CPU = %d\n", rseq_cpu, cpu);
        }

        /*
         * Sanity check that the test was able to enter the guest a reasonable
         * number of times, e.g. didn't get stalled too often/long waiting for
         * sched_getcpu() to stabilize.  A 2:1 migration:KVM_RUN ratio is a
         * fairly conservative ratio on x86-64, which can do _more_ KVM_RUNs
         * than migrations given the 1us+ delay in the migration task.
         */
        TEST_ASSERT(i > (NR_TASK_MIGRATIONS / 2),
                    "Only performed %d KVM_RUNs, task stalled too much?\n", i);

        pthread_join(migration_thread, NULL);

        kvm_vm_free(vm);

        sys_rseq(RSEQ_FLAG_UNREGISTER);

        return 0;
}