// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015-2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
 */

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "builtin.h"
#include "check.h"
#include "elf.h"
#include "special.h"
#include "arch.h"
#include "warn.h"

#include <linux/hashtable.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

#define FAKE_JUMP_OFFSET -1

struct alternative {
        struct list_head list;
        struct instruction *insn;
        bool skip_orig;
};

const char *objname;
struct cfi_state initial_func_cfi;

struct instruction *find_insn(struct objtool_file *file,
                              struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{
        struct instruction *insn;

        hash_for_each_possible(file->insn_hash, insn, hash, offset)
                if (insn->sec == sec && insn->offset == offset)
                        return insn;

        return NULL;
}

static struct instruction *next_insn_same_sec(struct objtool_file *file,
                                              struct instruction *insn)
{
        struct instruction *next = list_next_entry(insn, list);

        if (!next || &next->list == &file->insn_list || next->sec != insn->sec)
                return NULL;

        return next;
}

static struct instruction *next_insn_same_func(struct objtool_file *file,
                                               struct instruction *insn)
{
        struct instruction *next = list_next_entry(insn, list);
        struct symbol *func = insn->func;

        if (!func)
                return NULL;

        if (&next->list != &file->insn_list && next->func == func)
                return next;

        /* Check if we're already in the subfunction: */
        if (func == func->cfunc)
                return NULL;

        /* Move to the subfunction: */
        return find_insn(file, func->cfunc->sec, func->cfunc->offset);
}

#define func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn)                        \
        for (insn = find_insn(file, func->sec, func->offset);           \
             insn;                                                      \
             insn = next_insn_same_func(file, insn))

#define func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn)                            \
        for (insn = find_insn(file, func->sec, func->offset);           \
             insn && &insn->list != &file->insn_list &&                 \
                insn->sec == func->sec &&                               \
                insn->offset < func->offset + func->len;                \
             insn = list_next_entry(insn, list))

#define func_for_each_insn_continue_reverse(file, func, insn)           \
        for (insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);                        \
             &insn->list != &file->insn_list &&                         \
                insn->sec == func->sec && insn->offset >= func->offset; \
             insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list))

#define sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn)                              \
        for (; insn; insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn))

#define sec_for_each_insn_continue(file, insn)                          \
        for (insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn); insn;               \
             insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn))

/*
 * This checks to see if the given function is a "noreturn" function.
 *
 * For global functions which are outside the scope of this object file, we
 * have to keep a manual list of them.
 *
 * For local functions, we have to detect them manually by simply looking for
 * the lack of a return instruction.
 *
 * Returns:
 *  -1: error
 *   0: no dead end
 *   1: dead end
 */
static int __dead_end_function(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func,
                               int recursion)
{
        int i;
        struct instruction *insn;
        bool empty = true;

        /*
         * Unfortunately these have to be hard coded because the noreturn
         * attribute isn't provided in ELF data.
         */
        static const char * const global_noreturns[] = {
                "__stack_chk_fail",
                "panic",
                "do_exit",
                "do_task_dead",
                "__module_put_and_exit",
                "complete_and_exit",
                "kvm_spurious_fault",
                "__reiserfs_panic",
                "lbug_with_loc",
                "fortify_panic",
                "usercopy_abort",
                "machine_real_restart",
                "rewind_stack_do_exit",
        };

        if (func->bind == STB_WEAK)
                return 0;

        if (func->bind == STB_GLOBAL)
                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(global_noreturns); i++)
                        if (!strcmp(func->name, global_noreturns[i]))
                                return 1;

        if (!func->len)
                return 0;

        insn = find_insn(file, func->sec, func->offset);
        if (!insn->func)
                return 0;

        func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn) {
                empty = false;

                if (insn->type == INSN_RETURN)
                        return 0;
        }

        if (empty)
                return 0;

        /*
         * A function can have a sibling call instead of a return.  In that
         * case, the function's dead-end status depends on whether the target
         * of the sibling call returns.
         */
        func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn) {
                if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL) {
                        struct instruction *dest = insn->jump_dest;

                        if (!dest)
                                /* sibling call to another file */
                                return 0;

                        if (dest->func && dest->func->pfunc != insn->func->pfunc) {

                                /* local sibling call */
                                if (recursion == 5) {
                                        /*
                                         * Infinite recursion: two functions
                                         * have sibling calls to each other.
                                         * This is a very rare case.  It means
                                         * they aren't dead ends.
                                         */
                                        return 0;
                                }

                                return __dead_end_function(file, dest->func,
                                                           recursion + 1);
                        }
                }

                if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC && list_empty(&insn->alts))
                        /* sibling call */
                        return 0;
        }

        return 1;
}

static int dead_end_function(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func)
{
        return __dead_end_function(file, func, 0);
}

static void clear_insn_state(struct insn_state *state)
{
        int i;

        memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
        state->cfa.base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
        for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++) {
                state->regs[i].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
                state->vals[i].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
        }
        state->drap_reg = CFI_UNDEFINED;
        state->drap_offset = -1;
}

/*
 * Call the arch-specific instruction decoder for all the instructions and add
 * them to the global instruction list.
 */
static int decode_instructions(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec;
        struct symbol *func;
        unsigned long offset;
        struct instruction *insn;
        int ret;

        for_each_sec(file, sec) {

                if (!(sec->sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR))
                        continue;

                if (strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement") &&
                    strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_aux") &&
                    strncmp(sec->name, ".discard.", 9))
                        sec->text = true;

                for (offset = 0; offset < sec->len; offset += insn->len) {
                        insn = malloc(sizeof(*insn));
                        if (!insn) {
                                WARN("malloc failed");
                                return -1;
                        }
                        memset(insn, 0, sizeof(*insn));
                        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&insn->alts);
                        clear_insn_state(&insn->state);

                        insn->sec = sec;
                        insn->offset = offset;

                        ret = arch_decode_instruction(file->elf, sec, offset,
                                                      sec->len - offset,
                                                      &insn->len, &insn->type,
                                                      &insn->immediate,
                                                      &insn->stack_op);
                        if (ret)
                                goto err;

                        if (!insn->type || insn->type > INSN_LAST) {
                                WARN_FUNC("invalid instruction type %d",
                                          insn->sec, insn->offset, insn->type);
                                ret = -1;
                                goto err;
                        }

                        hash_add(file->insn_hash, &insn->hash, insn->offset);
                        list_add_tail(&insn->list, &file->insn_list);
                }

                list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
                        if (func->type != STT_FUNC)
                                continue;

                        if (!find_insn(file, sec, func->offset)) {
                                WARN("%s(): can't find starting instruction",
                                     func->name);
                                return -1;
                        }

                        func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn)
                                if (!insn->func)
                                        insn->func = func;
                }
        }

        return 0;

err:
        free(insn);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Mark "ud2" instructions and manually annotated dead ends.
 */
static int add_dead_ends(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec;
        struct rela *rela;
        struct instruction *insn;
        bool found;

        /*
         * By default, "ud2" is a dead end unless otherwise annotated, because
         * GCC 7 inserts it for certain divide-by-zero cases.
         */
        for_each_insn(file, insn)
                if (insn->type == INSN_BUG)
                        insn->dead_end = true;

        /*
         * Check for manually annotated dead ends.
         */
        sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.unreachable");
        if (!sec)
                goto reachable;

        list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
                if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
                        WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
                        return -1;
                }
                insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
                if (insn)
                        insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);
                else if (rela->addend == rela->sym->sec->len) {
                        found = false;
                        list_for_each_entry_reverse(insn, &file->insn_list, list) {
                                if (insn->sec == rela->sym->sec) {
                                        found = true;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }

                        if (!found) {
                                WARN("can't find unreachable insn at %s+0x%x",
                                     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
                                return -1;
                        }
                } else {
                        WARN("can't find unreachable insn at %s+0x%x",
                             rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
                        return -1;
                }

                insn->dead_end = true;
        }

reachable:
        /*
         * These manually annotated reachable checks are needed for GCC 4.4,
         * where the Linux unreachable() macro isn't supported.  In that case
         * GCC doesn't know the "ud2" is fatal, so it generates code as if it's
         * not a dead end.
         */
        sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.reachable");
        if (!sec)
                return 0;

        list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
                if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
                        WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
                        return -1;
                }
                insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
                if (insn)
                        insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);
                else if (rela->addend == rela->sym->sec->len) {
                        found = false;
                        list_for_each_entry_reverse(insn, &file->insn_list, list) {
                                if (insn->sec == rela->sym->sec) {
                                        found = true;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }

                        if (!found) {
                                WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
                                     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
                                return -1;
                        }
                } else {
                        WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
                             rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
                        return -1;
                }

                insn->dead_end = false;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Warnings shouldn't be reported for ignored functions.
 */
static void add_ignores(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct instruction *insn;
        struct section *sec;
        struct symbol *func;
        struct rela *rela;

        sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.func_stack_frame_non_standard");
        if (!sec)
                return;

        list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
                switch (rela->sym->type) {
                case STT_FUNC:
                        func = rela->sym;
                        break;

                case STT_SECTION:
                        func = find_symbol_by_offset(rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
                        if (!func || func->type != STT_FUNC)
                                continue;
                        break;

                default:
                        WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s: %d", sec->name, rela->sym->type);
                        continue;
                }

                func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn)
                        insn->ignore = true;
        }
}

/*
 * This is a whitelist of functions that is allowed to be called with AC set.
 * The list is meant to be minimal and only contains compiler instrumentation
 * ABI and a few functions used to implement *_{to,from}_user() functions.
 *
 * These functions must not directly change AC, but may PUSHF/POPF.
 */
static const char *uaccess_safe_builtin[] = {
        /* KASAN */
        "kasan_report",
        "check_memory_region",
        /* KASAN out-of-line */
        "__asan_loadN_noabort",
        "__asan_load1_noabort",
        "__asan_load2_noabort",
        "__asan_load4_noabort",
        "__asan_load8_noabort",
        "__asan_load16_noabort",
        "__asan_storeN_noabort",
        "__asan_store1_noabort",
        "__asan_store2_noabort",
        "__asan_store4_noabort",
        "__asan_store8_noabort",
        "__asan_store16_noabort",
        /* KASAN in-line */
        "__asan_report_load_n_noabort",
        "__asan_report_load1_noabort",
        "__asan_report_load2_noabort",
        "__asan_report_load4_noabort",
        "__asan_report_load8_noabort",
        "__asan_report_load16_noabort",
        "__asan_report_store_n_noabort",
        "__asan_report_store1_noabort",
        "__asan_report_store2_noabort",
        "__asan_report_store4_noabort",
        "__asan_report_store8_noabort",
        "__asan_report_store16_noabort",
        /* KCOV */
        "write_comp_data",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp1",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp2",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp4",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp8",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp1",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp2",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp4",
        "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp8",
        /* UBSAN */
        "ubsan_type_mismatch_common",
        "__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch",
        "__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1",
        /* misc */
        "csum_partial_copy_generic",
        "__memcpy_mcsafe",
        "ftrace_likely_update", /* CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING */
        NULL
};

static void add_uaccess_safe(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct symbol *func;
        const char **name;

        if (!uaccess)
                return;

        for (name = uaccess_safe_builtin; *name; name++) {
                func = find_symbol_by_name(file->elf, *name);
                if (!func)
                        continue;

                func->alias->uaccess_safe = true;
        }
}

/*
 * FIXME: For now, just ignore any alternatives which add retpolines.  This is
 * a temporary hack, as it doesn't allow ORC to unwind from inside a retpoline.
 * But it at least allows objtool to understand the control flow *around* the
 * retpoline.
 */
static int add_ignore_alternatives(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec;
        struct rela *rela;
        struct instruction *insn;

        sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.ignore_alts");
        if (!sec)
                return 0;

        list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
                if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
                        WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
                        return -1;
                }

                insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
                if (!insn) {
                        WARN("bad .discard.ignore_alts entry");
                        return -1;
                }

                insn->ignore_alts = true;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Find the destination instructions for all jumps.
 */
static int add_jump_destinations(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct instruction *insn;
        struct rela *rela;
        struct section *dest_sec;
        unsigned long dest_off;

        for_each_insn(file, insn) {
                if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL &&
                    insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
                        continue;

                if (insn->ignore || insn->offset == FAKE_JUMP_OFFSET)
                        continue;

                rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
                                               insn->len);
                if (!rela) {
                        dest_sec = insn->sec;
                        dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
                } else if (rela->sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
                        dest_sec = rela->sym->sec;
                        dest_off = rela->addend + 4;
                } else if (rela->sym->sec->idx) {
                        dest_sec = rela->sym->sec;
                        dest_off = rela->sym->sym.st_value + rela->addend + 4;
                } else if (strstr(rela->sym->name, "_indirect_thunk_")) {
                        /*
                         * Retpoline jumps are really dynamic jumps in
                         * disguise, so convert them accordingly.
                         */
                        insn->type = INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC;
                        insn->retpoline_safe = true;
                        continue;
                } else {
                        /* sibling call */
                        insn->call_dest = rela->sym;
                        insn->jump_dest = NULL;
                        continue;
                }

                insn->jump_dest = find_insn(file, dest_sec, dest_off);
                if (!insn->jump_dest) {

                        /*
                         * This is a special case where an alt instruction
                         * jumps past the end of the section.  These are
                         * handled later in handle_group_alt().
                         */
                        if (!strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement"))
                                continue;

                        WARN_FUNC("can't find jump dest instruction at %s+0x%lx",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset, dest_sec->name,
                                  dest_off);
                        return -1;
                }

                /*
                 * Cross-function jump.
                 */
                if (insn->func && insn->jump_dest->func &&
                    insn->func != insn->jump_dest->func) {

                        /*
                         * For GCC 8+, create parent/child links for any cold
                         * subfunctions.  This is _mostly_ redundant with a
                         * similar initialization in read_symbols().
                         *
                         * If a function has aliases, we want the *first* such
                         * function in the symbol table to be the subfunction's
                         * parent.  In that case we overwrite the
                         * initialization done in read_symbols().
                         *
                         * However this code can't completely replace the
                         * read_symbols() code because this doesn't detect the
                         * case where the parent function's only reference to a
                         * subfunction is through a switch table.
                         */
                        if (!strstr(insn->func->name, ".cold.") &&
                            strstr(insn->jump_dest->func->name, ".cold.")) {
                                insn->func->cfunc = insn->jump_dest->func;
                                insn->jump_dest->func->pfunc = insn->func;

                        } else if (insn->jump_dest->func->pfunc != insn->func->pfunc &&
                                   insn->jump_dest->offset == insn->jump_dest->func->offset) {

                                /* sibling class */
                                insn->call_dest = insn->jump_dest->func;
                                insn->jump_dest = NULL;
                        }
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Find the destination instructions for all calls.
 */
static int add_call_destinations(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct instruction *insn;
        unsigned long dest_off;
        struct rela *rela;

        for_each_insn(file, insn) {
                if (insn->type != INSN_CALL)
                        continue;

                rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
                                               insn->len);
                if (!rela) {
                        dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
                        insn->call_dest = find_symbol_by_offset(insn->sec,
                                                                dest_off);

                        if (!insn->call_dest && !insn->ignore) {
                                WARN_FUNC("unsupported intra-function call",
                                          insn->sec, insn->offset);
                                if (retpoline)
                                        WARN("If this is a retpoline, please patch it in with alternatives and annotate it with ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE.");
                                return -1;
                        }

                } else if (rela->sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
                        insn->call_dest = find_symbol_by_offset(rela->sym->sec,
                                                                rela->addend+4);
                        if (!insn->call_dest ||
                            insn->call_dest->type != STT_FUNC) {
                                WARN_FUNC("can't find call dest symbol at %s+0x%x",
                                          insn->sec, insn->offset,
                                          rela->sym->sec->name,
                                          rela->addend + 4);
                                return -1;
                        }
                } else
                        insn->call_dest = rela->sym;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * The .alternatives section requires some extra special care, over and above
 * what other special sections require:
 *
 * 1. Because alternatives are patched in-place, we need to insert a fake jump
 *    instruction at the end so that validate_branch() skips all the original
 *    replaced instructions when validating the new instruction path.
 *
 * 2. An added wrinkle is that the new instruction length might be zero.  In
 *    that case the old instructions are replaced with noops.  We simulate that
 *    by creating a fake jump as the only new instruction.
 *
 * 3. In some cases, the alternative section includes an instruction which
 *    conditionally jumps to the _end_ of the entry.  We have to modify these
 *    jumps' destinations to point back to .text rather than the end of the
 *    entry in .altinstr_replacement.
 */
static int handle_group_alt(struct objtool_file *file,
                            struct special_alt *special_alt,
                            struct instruction *orig_insn,
                            struct instruction **new_insn)
{
        struct instruction *last_orig_insn, *last_new_insn, *insn, *fake_jump = NULL;
        unsigned long dest_off;

        last_orig_insn = NULL;
        insn = orig_insn;
        sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn) {
                if (insn->offset >= special_alt->orig_off + special_alt->orig_len)
                        break;

                insn->alt_group = true;
                last_orig_insn = insn;
        }

        if (next_insn_same_sec(file, last_orig_insn)) {
                fake_jump = malloc(sizeof(*fake_jump));
                if (!fake_jump) {
                        WARN("malloc failed");
                        return -1;
                }
                memset(fake_jump, 0, sizeof(*fake_jump));
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fake_jump->alts);
                clear_insn_state(&fake_jump->state);

                fake_jump->sec = special_alt->new_sec;
                fake_jump->offset = FAKE_JUMP_OFFSET;
                fake_jump->type = INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL;
                fake_jump->jump_dest = list_next_entry(last_orig_insn, list);
                fake_jump->func = orig_insn->func;
        }

        if (!special_alt->new_len) {
                if (!fake_jump) {
                        WARN("%s: empty alternative at end of section",
                             special_alt->orig_sec->name);
                        return -1;
                }

                *new_insn = fake_jump;
                return 0;
        }

        last_new_insn = NULL;
        insn = *new_insn;
        sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn) {
                if (insn->offset >= special_alt->new_off + special_alt->new_len)
                        break;

                last_new_insn = insn;

                insn->ignore = orig_insn->ignore_alts;
                insn->func = orig_insn->func;

                if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL &&
                    insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
                        continue;

                if (!insn->immediate)
                        continue;

                dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
                if (dest_off == special_alt->new_off + special_alt->new_len) {
                        if (!fake_jump) {
                                WARN("%s: alternative jump to end of section",
                                     special_alt->orig_sec->name);
                                return -1;
                        }
                        insn->jump_dest = fake_jump;
                }

                if (!insn->jump_dest) {
                        WARN_FUNC("can't find alternative jump destination",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset);
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        if (!last_new_insn) {
                WARN_FUNC("can't find last new alternative instruction",
                          special_alt->new_sec, special_alt->new_off);
                return -1;
        }

        if (fake_jump)
                list_add(&fake_jump->list, &last_new_insn->list);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * A jump table entry can either convert a nop to a jump or a jump to a nop.
 * If the original instruction is a jump, make the alt entry an effective nop
 * by just skipping the original instruction.
 */
static int handle_jump_alt(struct objtool_file *file,
                           struct special_alt *special_alt,
                           struct instruction *orig_insn,
                           struct instruction **new_insn)
{
        if (orig_insn->type == INSN_NOP)
                return 0;

        if (orig_insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL) {
                WARN_FUNC("unsupported instruction at jump label",
                          orig_insn->sec, orig_insn->offset);
                return -1;
        }

        *new_insn = list_next_entry(orig_insn, list);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Read all the special sections which have alternate instructions which can be
 * patched in or redirected to at runtime.  Each instruction having alternate
 * instruction(s) has them added to its insn->alts list, which will be
 * traversed in validate_branch().
 */
static int add_special_section_alts(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct list_head special_alts;
        struct instruction *orig_insn, *new_insn;
        struct special_alt *special_alt, *tmp;
        struct alternative *alt;
        int ret;

        ret = special_get_alts(file->elf, &special_alts);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        list_for_each_entry_safe(special_alt, tmp, &special_alts, list) {

                orig_insn = find_insn(file, special_alt->orig_sec,
                                      special_alt->orig_off);
                if (!orig_insn) {
                        WARN_FUNC("special: can't find orig instruction",
                                  special_alt->orig_sec, special_alt->orig_off);
                        ret = -1;
                        goto out;
                }

                new_insn = NULL;
                if (!special_alt->group || special_alt->new_len) {
                        new_insn = find_insn(file, special_alt->new_sec,
                                             special_alt->new_off);
                        if (!new_insn) {
                                WARN_FUNC("special: can't find new instruction",
                                          special_alt->new_sec,
                                          special_alt->new_off);
                                ret = -1;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }

                if (special_alt->group) {
                        ret = handle_group_alt(file, special_alt, orig_insn,
                                               &new_insn);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                } else if (special_alt->jump_or_nop) {
                        ret = handle_jump_alt(file, special_alt, orig_insn,
                                              &new_insn);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                }

                alt = malloc(sizeof(*alt));
                if (!alt) {
                        WARN("malloc failed");
                        ret = -1;
                        goto out;
                }

                alt->insn = new_insn;
                alt->skip_orig = special_alt->skip_orig;
                orig_insn->ignore_alts |= special_alt->skip_alt;
                list_add_tail(&alt->list, &orig_insn->alts);

                list_del(&special_alt->list);
                free(special_alt);
        }

out:
        return ret;
}

static int add_switch_table(struct objtool_file *file, struct instruction *insn,
                            struct rela *table, struct rela *next_table)
{
        struct rela *rela = table;
        struct instruction *alt_insn;
        struct alternative *alt;
        struct symbol *pfunc = insn->func->pfunc;
        unsigned int prev_offset = 0;

        list_for_each_entry_from(rela, &table->rela_sec->rela_list, list) {
                if (rela == next_table)
                        break;

                /* Make sure the switch table entries are consecutive: */
                if (prev_offset && rela->offset != prev_offset + 8)
                        break;

                /* Detect function pointers from contiguous objects: */
                if (rela->sym->sec == pfunc->sec &&
                    rela->addend == pfunc->offset)
                        break;

                alt_insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
                if (!alt_insn)
                        break;

                /* Make sure the jmp dest is in the function or subfunction: */
                if (alt_insn->func->pfunc != pfunc)
                        break;

                alt = malloc(sizeof(*alt));
                if (!alt) {
                        WARN("malloc failed");
                        return -1;
                }

                alt->insn = alt_insn;
                list_add_tail(&alt->list, &insn->alts);
                prev_offset = rela->offset;
        }

        if (!prev_offset) {
                WARN_FUNC("can't find switch jump table",
                          insn->sec, insn->offset);
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * find_switch_table() - Given a dynamic jump, find the switch jump table in
 * .rodata associated with it.
 *
 * There are 3 basic patterns:
 *
 * 1. jmpq *[rodata addr](,%reg,8)
 *
 *    This is the most common case by far.  It jumps to an address in a simple
 *    jump table which is stored in .rodata.
 *
 * 2. jmpq *[rodata addr](%rip)
 *
 *    This is caused by a rare GCC quirk, currently only seen in three driver
 *    functions in the kernel, only with certain obscure non-distro configs.
 *
 *    As part of an optimization, GCC makes a copy of an existing switch jump
 *    table, modifies it, and then hard-codes the jump (albeit with an indirect
 *    jump) to use a single entry in the table.  The rest of the jump table and
 *    some of its jump targets remain as dead code.
 *
 *    In such a case we can just crudely ignore all unreachable instruction
 *    warnings for the entire object file.  Ideally we would just ignore them
 *    for the function, but that would require redesigning the code quite a
 *    bit.  And honestly that's just not worth doing: unreachable instruction
 *    warnings are of questionable value anyway, and this is such a rare issue.
 *
 * 3. mov [rodata addr],%reg1
 *    ... some instructions ...
 *    jmpq *(%reg1,%reg2,8)
 *
 *    This is a fairly uncommon pattern which is new for GCC 6.  As of this
 *    writing, there are 11 occurrences of it in the allmodconfig kernel.
 *
 *    As of GCC 7 there are quite a few more of these and the 'in between' code
 *    is significant. Esp. with KASAN enabled some of the code between the mov
 *    and jmpq uses .rodata itself, which can confuse things.
 *
 *    TODO: Once we have DWARF CFI and smarter instruction decoding logic,
 *    ensure the same register is used in the mov and jump instructions.
 *
 *    NOTE: RETPOLINE made it harder still to decode dynamic jumps.
 */
static struct rela *find_switch_table(struct objtool_file *file,
                                      struct symbol *func,
                                      struct instruction *insn)
{
        struct rela *text_rela, *rodata_rela;
        struct instruction *orig_insn = insn;
        struct section *rodata_sec;
        unsigned long table_offset;

        /*
         * Backward search using the @first_jump_src links, these help avoid
         * much of the 'in between' code. Which avoids us getting confused by
         * it.
         */
        for (;
             &insn->list != &file->insn_list &&
             insn->sec == func->sec &&
             insn->offset >= func->offset;

             insn = insn->first_jump_src ?: list_prev_entry(insn, list)) {

                if (insn != orig_insn && insn->type == INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC)
                        break;

                /* allow small jumps within the range */
                if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL &&
                    insn->jump_dest &&
                    (insn->jump_dest->offset <= insn->offset ||
                     insn->jump_dest->offset > orig_insn->offset))
                    break;

                /* look for a relocation which references .rodata */
                text_rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
                                                    insn->len);
                if (!text_rela || text_rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION ||
                    !text_rela->sym->sec->rodata)
                        continue;

                table_offset = text_rela->addend;
                rodata_sec = text_rela->sym->sec;

                if (text_rela->type == R_X86_64_PC32)
                        table_offset += 4;

                /*
                 * Make sure the .rodata address isn't associated with a
                 * symbol.  gcc jump tables are anonymous data.
                 */
                if (find_symbol_containing(rodata_sec, table_offset))
                        continue;

                rodata_rela = find_rela_by_dest(rodata_sec, table_offset);
                if (rodata_rela) {
                        /*
                         * Use of RIP-relative switch jumps is quite rare, and
                         * indicates a rare GCC quirk/bug which can leave dead
                         * code behind.
                         */
                        if (text_rela->type == R_X86_64_PC32)
                                file->ignore_unreachables = true;

                        return rodata_rela;
                }
        }

        return NULL;
}


static int add_func_switch_tables(struct objtool_file *file,
                                  struct symbol *func)
{
        struct instruction *insn, *last = NULL, *prev_jump = NULL;
        struct rela *rela, *prev_rela = NULL;
        int ret;

        func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn) {
                if (!last)
                        last = insn;

                /*
                 * Store back-pointers for unconditional forward jumps such
                 * that find_switch_table() can back-track using those and
                 * avoid some potentially confusing code.
                 */
                if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL && insn->jump_dest &&
                    insn->offset > last->offset &&
                    insn->jump_dest->offset > insn->offset &&
                    !insn->jump_dest->first_jump_src) {

                        insn->jump_dest->first_jump_src = insn;
                        last = insn->jump_dest;
                }

                if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC)
                        continue;

                rela = find_switch_table(file, func, insn);
                if (!rela)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * We found a switch table, but we don't know yet how big it
                 * is.  Don't add it until we reach the end of the function or
                 * the beginning of another switch table in the same function.
                 */
                if (prev_jump) {
                        ret = add_switch_table(file, prev_jump, prev_rela, rela);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }

                prev_jump = insn;
                prev_rela = rela;
        }

        if (prev_jump) {
                ret = add_switch_table(file, prev_jump, prev_rela, NULL);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * For some switch statements, gcc generates a jump table in the .rodata
 * section which contains a list of addresses within the function to jump to.
 * This finds these jump tables and adds them to the insn->alts lists.
 */
static int add_switch_table_alts(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec;
        struct symbol *func;
        int ret;

        if (!file->rodata)
                return 0;

        for_each_sec(file, sec) {
                list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
                        if (func->type != STT_FUNC)
                                continue;

                        ret = add_func_switch_tables(file, func);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static int read_unwind_hints(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec, *relasec;
        struct rela *rela;
        struct unwind_hint *hint;
        struct instruction *insn;
        struct cfi_reg *cfa;
        int i;

        sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".discard.unwind_hints");
        if (!sec)
                return 0;

        relasec = sec->rela;
        if (!relasec) {
                WARN("missing .rela.discard.unwind_hints section");
                return -1;
        }

        if (sec->len % sizeof(struct unwind_hint)) {
                WARN("struct unwind_hint size mismatch");
                return -1;
        }

        file->hints = true;

        for (i = 0; i < sec->len / sizeof(struct unwind_hint); i++) {
                hint = (struct unwind_hint *)sec->data->d_buf + i;

                rela = find_rela_by_dest(sec, i * sizeof(*hint));
                if (!rela) {
                        WARN("can't find rela for unwind_hints[%d]", i);
                        return -1;
                }

                insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
                if (!insn) {
                        WARN("can't find insn for unwind_hints[%d]", i);
                        return -1;
                }

                cfa = &insn->state.cfa;

                if (hint->type == UNWIND_HINT_TYPE_SAVE) {
                        insn->save = true;
                        continue;

                } else if (hint->type == UNWIND_HINT_TYPE_RESTORE) {
                        insn->restore = true;
                        insn->hint = true;
                        continue;
                }

                insn->hint = true;

                switch (hint->sp_reg) {
                case ORC_REG_UNDEFINED:
                        cfa->base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
                        break;
                case ORC_REG_SP:
                        cfa->base = CFI_SP;
                        break;
                case ORC_REG_BP:
                        cfa->base = CFI_BP;
                        break;
                case ORC_REG_SP_INDIRECT:
                        cfa->base = CFI_SP_INDIRECT;
                        break;
                case ORC_REG_R10:
                        cfa->base = CFI_R10;
                        break;
                case ORC_REG_R13:
                        cfa->base = CFI_R13;
                        break;
                case ORC_REG_DI:
                        cfa->base = CFI_DI;
                        break;
                case ORC_REG_DX:
                        cfa->base = CFI_DX;
                        break;
                default:
                        WARN_FUNC("unsupported unwind_hint sp base reg %d",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset, hint->sp_reg);
                        return -1;
                }

                cfa->offset = hint->sp_offset;
                insn->state.type = hint->type;
                insn->state.end = hint->end;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int read_retpoline_hints(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec;
        struct instruction *insn;
        struct rela *rela;

        sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.retpoline_safe");
        if (!sec)
                return 0;

        list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
                if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
                        WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
                        return -1;
                }

                insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
                if (!insn) {
                        WARN("bad .discard.retpoline_safe entry");
                        return -1;
                }

                if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC &&
                    insn->type != INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC) {
                        WARN_FUNC("retpoline_safe hint not an indirect jump/call",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset);
                        return -1;
                }

                insn->retpoline_safe = true;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void mark_rodata(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec;
        bool found = false;

        /*
         * This searches for the .rodata section or multiple .rodata.func_name
         * sections if -fdata-sections is being used. The .str.1.1 and .str.1.8
         * rodata sections are ignored as they don't contain jump tables.
         */
        for_each_sec(file, sec) {
                if (!strncmp(sec->name, ".rodata", 7) &&
                    !strstr(sec->name, ".str1.")) {
                        sec->rodata = true;
                        found = true;
                }
        }

        file->rodata = found;
}

static int decode_sections(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        int ret;

        mark_rodata(file);

        ret = decode_instructions(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = add_dead_ends(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        add_ignores(file);
        add_uaccess_safe(file);

        ret = add_ignore_alternatives(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = add_jump_destinations(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = add_special_section_alts(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = add_call_destinations(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = add_switch_table_alts(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = read_unwind_hints(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = read_retpoline_hints(file);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        return 0;
}

static bool is_fentry_call(struct instruction *insn)
{
        if (insn->type == INSN_CALL &&
            insn->call_dest->type == STT_NOTYPE &&
            !strcmp(insn->call_dest->name, "__fentry__"))
                return true;

        return false;
}

static bool has_modified_stack_frame(struct insn_state *state)
{
        int i;

        if (state->cfa.base != initial_func_cfi.cfa.base ||
            state->cfa.offset != initial_func_cfi.cfa.offset ||
            state->stack_size != initial_func_cfi.cfa.offset ||
            state->drap)
                return true;

        for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++)
                if (state->regs[i].base != initial_func_cfi.regs[i].base ||
                    state->regs[i].offset != initial_func_cfi.regs[i].offset)
                        return true;

        return false;
}

static bool has_valid_stack_frame(struct insn_state *state)
{
        if (state->cfa.base == CFI_BP && state->regs[CFI_BP].base == CFI_CFA &&
            state->regs[CFI_BP].offset == -16)
                return true;

        if (state->drap && state->regs[CFI_BP].base == CFI_BP)
                return true;

        return false;
}

static int update_insn_state_regs(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
{
        struct cfi_reg *cfa = &state->cfa;
        struct stack_op *op = &insn->stack_op;

        if (cfa->base != CFI_SP)
                return 0;

        /* push */
        if (op->dest.type == OP_DEST_PUSH || op->dest.type == OP_DEST_PUSHF)
                cfa->offset += 8;

        /* pop */
        if (op->src.type == OP_SRC_POP || op->src.type == OP_SRC_POPF)
                cfa->offset -= 8;

        /* add immediate to sp */
        if (op->dest.type == OP_DEST_REG && op->src.type == OP_SRC_ADD &&
            op->dest.reg == CFI_SP && op->src.reg == CFI_SP)
                cfa->offset -= op->src.offset;

        return 0;
}

static void save_reg(struct insn_state *state, unsigned char reg, int base,
                     int offset)
{
        if (arch_callee_saved_reg(reg) &&
            state->regs[reg].base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {
                state->regs[reg].base = base;
                state->regs[reg].offset = offset;
        }
}

static void restore_reg(struct insn_state *state, unsigned char reg)
{
        state->regs[reg].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
        state->regs[reg].offset = 0;
}

/*
 * A note about DRAP stack alignment:
 *
 * GCC has the concept of a DRAP register, which is used to help keep track of
 * the stack pointer when aligning the stack.  r10 or r13 is used as the DRAP
 * register.  The typical DRAP pattern is:
 *
 *   4c 8d 54 24 08             lea    0x8(%rsp),%r10
 *   48 83 e4 c0                and    $0xffffffffffffffc0,%rsp
 *   41 ff 72 f8                pushq  -0x8(%r10)
 *   55                         push   %rbp
 *   48 89 e5                   mov    %rsp,%rbp
 *                              (more pushes)
 *   41 52                      push   %r10
 *                              ...
 *   41 5a                      pop    %r10
 *                              (more pops)
 *   5d                         pop    %rbp
 *   49 8d 62 f8                lea    -0x8(%r10),%rsp
 *   c3                         retq
 *
 * There are some variations in the epilogues, like:
 *
 *   5b                         pop    %rbx
 *   41 5a                      pop    %r10
 *   41 5c                      pop    %r12
 *   41 5d                      pop    %r13
 *   41 5e                      pop    %r14
 *   c9                         leaveq
 *   49 8d 62 f8                lea    -0x8(%r10),%rsp
 *   c3                         retq
 *
 * and:
 *
 *   4c 8b 55 e8                mov    -0x18(%rbp),%r10
 *   48 8b 5d e0                mov    -0x20(%rbp),%rbx
 *   4c 8b 65 f0                mov    -0x10(%rbp),%r12
 *   4c 8b 6d f8                mov    -0x8(%rbp),%r13
 *   c9                         leaveq
 *   49 8d 62 f8                lea    -0x8(%r10),%rsp
 *   c3                         retq
 *
 * Sometimes r13 is used as the DRAP register, in which case it's saved and
 * restored beforehand:
 *
 *   41 55                      push   %r13
 *   4c 8d 6c 24 10             lea    0x10(%rsp),%r13
 *   48 83 e4 f0                and    $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rsp
 *                              ...
 *   49 8d 65 f0                lea    -0x10(%r13),%rsp
 *   41 5d                      pop    %r13
 *   c3                         retq
 */
static int update_insn_state(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
{
        struct stack_op *op = &insn->stack_op;
        struct cfi_reg *cfa = &state->cfa;
        struct cfi_reg *regs = state->regs;

        /* stack operations don't make sense with an undefined CFA */
        if (cfa->base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {
                if (insn->func) {
                        WARN_FUNC("undefined stack state", insn->sec, insn->offset);
                        return -1;
                }
                return 0;
        }

        if (state->type == ORC_TYPE_REGS || state->type == ORC_TYPE_REGS_IRET)
                return update_insn_state_regs(insn, state);

        switch (op->dest.type) {

        case OP_DEST_REG:
                switch (op->src.type) {

                case OP_SRC_REG:
                        if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP && op->dest.reg == CFI_BP &&
                            cfa->base == CFI_SP &&
                            regs[CFI_BP].base == CFI_CFA &&
                            regs[CFI_BP].offset == -cfa->offset) {

                                /* mov %rsp, %rbp */
                                cfa->base = op->dest.reg;
                                state->bp_scratch = false;
                        }

                        else if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP &&
                                 op->dest.reg == CFI_BP && state->drap) {

                                /* drap: mov %rsp, %rbp */
                                regs[CFI_BP].base = CFI_BP;
                                regs[CFI_BP].offset = -state->stack_size;
                                state->bp_scratch = false;
                        }

                        else if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP && cfa->base == CFI_SP) {

                                /*
                                 * mov %rsp, %reg
                                 *
                                 * This is needed for the rare case where GCC
                                 * does:
                                 *
                                 *   mov    %rsp, %rax
                                 *   ...
                                 *   mov    %rax, %rsp
                                 */
                                state->vals[op->dest.reg].base = CFI_CFA;
                                state->vals[op->dest.reg].offset = -state->stack_size;
                        }

                        else if (op->src.reg == CFI_BP && op->dest.reg == CFI_SP &&
                                 cfa->base == CFI_BP) {

                                /*
                                 * mov %rbp, %rsp
                                 *
                                 * Restore the original stack pointer (Clang).
                                 */
                                state->stack_size = -state->regs[CFI_BP].offset;
                        }

                        else if (op->dest.reg == cfa->base) {

                                /* mov %reg, %rsp */
                                if (cfa->base == CFI_SP &&
                                    state->vals[op->src.reg].base == CFI_CFA) {

                                        /*
                                         * This is needed for the rare case
                                         * where GCC does something dumb like:
                                         *
                                         *   lea    0x8(%rsp), %rcx
                                         *   ...
                                         *   mov    %rcx, %rsp
                                         */
                                        cfa->offset = -state->vals[op->src.reg].offset;
                                        state->stack_size = cfa->offset;

                                } else {
                                        cfa->base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
                                        cfa->offset = 0;
                                }
                        }

                        break;

                case OP_SRC_ADD:
                        if (op->dest.reg == CFI_SP && op->src.reg == CFI_SP) {

                                /* add imm, %rsp */
                                state->stack_size -= op->src.offset;
                                if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
                                        cfa->offset -= op->src.offset;
                                break;
                        }

                        if (op->dest.reg == CFI_SP && op->src.reg == CFI_BP) {

                                /* lea disp(%rbp), %rsp */
                                state->stack_size = -(op->src.offset + regs[CFI_BP].offset);
                                break;
                        }

                        if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP && cfa->base == CFI_SP) {

                                /* drap: lea disp(%rsp), %drap */
                                state->drap_reg = op->dest.reg;

                                /*
                                 * lea disp(%rsp), %reg
                                 *
                                 * This is needed for the rare case where GCC
                                 * does something dumb like:
                                 *
                                 *   lea    0x8(%rsp), %rcx
                                 *   ...
                                 *   mov    %rcx, %rsp
                                 */
                                state->vals[op->dest.reg].base = CFI_CFA;
                                state->vals[op->dest.reg].offset = \
                                        -state->stack_size + op->src.offset;

                                break;
                        }

                        if (state->drap && op->dest.reg == CFI_SP &&
                            op->src.reg == state->drap_reg) {

                                 /* drap: lea disp(%drap), %rsp */
                                cfa->base = CFI_SP;
                                cfa->offset = state->stack_size = -op->src.offset;
                                state->drap_reg = CFI_UNDEFINED;
                                state->drap = false;
                                break;
                        }

                        if (op->dest.reg == state->cfa.base) {
                                WARN_FUNC("unsupported stack register modification",
                                          insn->sec, insn->offset);
                                return -1;
                        }

                        break;

                case OP_SRC_AND:
                        if (op->dest.reg != CFI_SP ||
                            (state->drap_reg != CFI_UNDEFINED && cfa->base != CFI_SP) ||
                            (state->drap_reg == CFI_UNDEFINED && cfa->base != CFI_BP)) {
                                WARN_FUNC("unsupported stack pointer realignment",
                                          insn->sec, insn->offset);
                                return -1;
                        }

                        if (state->drap_reg != CFI_UNDEFINED) {
                                /* drap: and imm, %rsp */
                                cfa->base = state->drap_reg;
                                cfa->offset = state->stack_size = 0;
                                state->drap = true;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Older versions of GCC (4.8ish) realign the stack
                         * without DRAP, with a frame pointer.
                         */

                        break;

                case OP_SRC_POP:
                case OP_SRC_POPF:
                        if (!state->drap && op->dest.type == OP_DEST_REG &&
                            op->dest.reg == cfa->base) {

                                /* pop %rbp */
                                cfa->base = CFI_SP;
                        }

                        if (state->drap && cfa->base == CFI_BP_INDIRECT &&
                            op->dest.type == OP_DEST_REG &&
                            op->dest.reg == state->drap_reg &&
                            state->drap_offset == -state->stack_size) {

                                /* drap: pop %drap */
                                cfa->base = state->drap_reg;
                                cfa->offset = 0;
                                state->drap_offset = -1;

                        } else if (regs[op->dest.reg].offset == -state->stack_size) {

                                /* pop %reg */
                                restore_reg(state, op->dest.reg);
                        }

                        state->stack_size -= 8;
                        if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
                                cfa->offset -= 8;

                        break;

                case OP_SRC_REG_INDIRECT:
                        if (state->drap && op->src.reg == CFI_BP &&
                            op->src.offset == state->drap_offset) {

                                /* drap: mov disp(%rbp), %drap */
                                cfa->base = state->drap_reg;
                                cfa->offset = 0;
                                state->drap_offset = -1;
                        }

                        if (state->drap && op->src.reg == CFI_BP &&
                            op->src.offset == regs[op->dest.reg].offset) {

                                /* drap: mov disp(%rbp), %reg */
                                restore_reg(state, op->dest.reg);

                        } else if (op->src.reg == cfa->base &&
                            op->src.offset == regs[op->dest.reg].offset + cfa->offset) {

                                /* mov disp(%rbp), %reg */
                                /* mov disp(%rsp), %reg */
                                restore_reg(state, op->dest.reg);
                        }

                        break;

                default:
                        WARN_FUNC("unknown stack-related instruction",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset);
                        return -1;
                }

                break;

        case OP_DEST_PUSH:
        case OP_DEST_PUSHF:
                state->stack_size += 8;
                if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
                        cfa->offset += 8;

                if (op->src.type != OP_SRC_REG)
                        break;

                if (state->drap) {
                        if (op->src.reg == cfa->base && op->src.reg == state->drap_reg) {

                                /* drap: push %drap */
                                cfa->base = CFI_BP_INDIRECT;
                                cfa->offset = -state->stack_size;

                                /* save drap so we know when to restore it */
                                state->drap_offset = -state->stack_size;

                        } else if (op->src.reg == CFI_BP && cfa->base == state->drap_reg) {

                                /* drap: push %rbp */
                                state->stack_size = 0;

                        } else if (regs[op->src.reg].base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {

                                /* drap: push %reg */
                                save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_BP, -state->stack_size);
                        }

                } else {

                        /* push %reg */
                        save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_CFA, -state->stack_size);
                }

                /* detect when asm code uses rbp as a scratch register */
                if (!no_fp && insn->func && op->src.reg == CFI_BP &&
                    cfa->base != CFI_BP)
                        state->bp_scratch = true;
                break;

        case OP_DEST_REG_INDIRECT:

                if (state->drap) {
                        if (op->src.reg == cfa->base && op->src.reg == state->drap_reg) {

                                /* drap: mov %drap, disp(%rbp) */
                                cfa->base = CFI_BP_INDIRECT;
                                cfa->offset = op->dest.offset;

                                /* save drap offset so we know when to restore it */
                                state->drap_offset = op->dest.offset;
                        }

                        else if (regs[op->src.reg].base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {

                                /* drap: mov reg, disp(%rbp) */
                                save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_BP, op->dest.offset);
                        }

                } else if (op->dest.reg == cfa->base) {

                        /* mov reg, disp(%rbp) */
                        /* mov reg, disp(%rsp) */
                        save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_CFA,
                                 op->dest.offset - state->cfa.offset);
                }

                break;

        case OP_DEST_LEAVE:
                if ((!state->drap && cfa->base != CFI_BP) ||
                    (state->drap && cfa->base != state->drap_reg)) {
                        WARN_FUNC("leave instruction with modified stack frame",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset);
                        return -1;
                }

                /* leave (mov %rbp, %rsp; pop %rbp) */

                state->stack_size = -state->regs[CFI_BP].offset - 8;
                restore_reg(state, CFI_BP);

                if (!state->drap) {
                        cfa->base = CFI_SP;
                        cfa->offset -= 8;
                }

                break;

        case OP_DEST_MEM:
                if (op->src.type != OP_SRC_POP && op->src.type != OP_SRC_POPF) {
                        WARN_FUNC("unknown stack-related memory operation",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset);
                        return -1;
                }

                /* pop mem */
                state->stack_size -= 8;
                if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
                        cfa->offset -= 8;

                break;

        default:
                WARN_FUNC("unknown stack-related instruction",
                          insn->sec, insn->offset);
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static bool insn_state_match(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
{
        struct insn_state *state1 = &insn->state, *state2 = state;
        int i;

        if (memcmp(&state1->cfa, &state2->cfa, sizeof(state1->cfa))) {
                WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: cfa1=%d%+d cfa2=%d%+d",
                          insn->sec, insn->offset,
                          state1->cfa.base, state1->cfa.offset,
                          state2->cfa.base, state2->cfa.offset);

        } else if (memcmp(&state1->regs, &state2->regs, sizeof(state1->regs))) {
                for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++) {
                        if (!memcmp(&state1->regs[i], &state2->regs[i],
                                    sizeof(struct cfi_reg)))
                                continue;

                        WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: reg1[%d]=%d%+d reg2[%d]=%d%+d",
                                  insn->sec, insn->offset,
                                  i, state1->regs[i].base, state1->regs[i].offset,
                                  i, state2->regs[i].base, state2->regs[i].offset);
                        break;
                }

        } else if (state1->type != state2->type) {
                WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: type1=%d type2=%d",
                          insn->sec, insn->offset, state1->type, state2->type);

        } else if (state1->drap != state2->drap ||
                 (state1->drap && state1->drap_reg != state2->drap_reg) ||
                 (state1->drap && state1->drap_offset != state2->drap_offset)) {
                WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: drap1=%d(%d,%d) drap2=%d(%d,%d)",
                          insn->sec, insn->offset,
                          state1->drap, state1->drap_reg, state1->drap_offset,
                          state2->drap, state2->drap_reg, state2->drap_offset);

        } else
                return true;

        return false;
}

static inline bool func_uaccess_safe(struct symbol *func)
{
        if (func)
                return func->alias->uaccess_safe;

        return false;
}

static inline const char *insn_dest_name(struct instruction *insn)
{
        if (insn->call_dest)
                return insn->call_dest->name;

        return "{dynamic}";
}

static int validate_call(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
{
        if (state->uaccess && !func_uaccess_safe(insn->call_dest)) {
                WARN_FUNC("call to %s() with UACCESS enabled",
                                insn->sec, insn->offset, insn_dest_name(insn));
                return 1;
        }

        if (state->df) {
                WARN_FUNC("call to %s() with DF set",
                                insn->sec, insn->offset, insn_dest_name(insn));
                return 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int validate_sibling_call(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
{
        if (has_modified_stack_frame(state)) {
                WARN_FUNC("sibling call from callable instruction with modified stack frame",
                                insn->sec, insn->offset);
                return 1;
        }

        return validate_call(insn, state);
}

/*
 * Follow the branch starting at the given instruction, and recursively follow
 * any other branches (jumps).  Meanwhile, track the frame pointer state at
 * each instruction and validate all the rules described in
 * tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.
 */
static int validate_branch(struct objtool_file *file, struct instruction *first,
                           struct insn_state state)
{
        struct alternative *alt;
        struct instruction *insn, *next_insn;
        struct section *sec;
        struct symbol *func = NULL;
        int ret;

        insn = first;
        sec = insn->sec;

        if (insn->alt_group && list_empty(&insn->alts)) {
                WARN_FUNC("don't know how to handle branch to middle of alternative instruction group",
                          sec, insn->offset);
                return 1;
        }

        while (1) {
                next_insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn);

                if (file->c_file && func && insn->func && func != insn->func->pfunc) {
                        WARN("%s() falls through to next function %s()",
                             func->name, insn->func->name);
                        return 1;
                }

                if (insn->func)
                        func = insn->func->pfunc;

                if (func && insn->ignore) {
                        WARN_FUNC("BUG: why am I validating an ignored function?",
                                  sec, insn->offset);
                        return 1;
                }

                if (insn->visited) {
                        if (!insn->hint && !insn_state_match(insn, &state))
                                return 1;

                        /* If we were here with AC=0, but now have AC=1, go again */
                        if (insn->state.uaccess || !state.uaccess)
                                return 0;
                }

                if (insn->hint) {
                        if (insn->restore) {
                                struct instruction *save_insn, *i;

                                i = insn;
                                save_insn = NULL;
                                func_for_each_insn_continue_reverse(file, insn->func, i) {
                                        if (i->save) {
                                                save_insn = i;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }

                                if (!save_insn) {
                                        WARN_FUNC("no corresponding CFI save for CFI restore",
                                                  sec, insn->offset);
                                        return 1;
                                }

                                if (!save_insn->visited) {
                                        /*
                                         * Oops, no state to copy yet.
                                         * Hopefully we can reach this
                                         * instruction from another branch
                                         * after the save insn has been
                                         * visited.
                                         */
                                        if (insn == first)
                                                return 0;

                                        WARN_FUNC("objtool isn't smart enough to handle this CFI save/restore combo",
                                                  sec, insn->offset);
                                        return 1;

                                }

                                insn->state = save_insn->state;
                        }

                        state = insn->state;

                } else
                        insn->state = state;

                insn->visited = true;

                if (!insn->ignore_alts) {
                        bool skip_orig = false;

                        list_for_each_entry(alt, &insn->alts, list) {
                                if (alt->skip_orig)
                                        skip_orig = true;

                                ret = validate_branch(file, alt->insn, state);
                                if (ret) {
                                        if (backtrace)
                                                BT_FUNC("(alt)", insn);
                                        return ret;
                                }
                        }

                        if (skip_orig)
                                return 0;
                }

                switch (insn->type) {

                case INSN_RETURN:
                        if (state.uaccess && !func_uaccess_safe(func)) {
                                WARN_FUNC("return with UACCESS enabled", sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        if (!state.uaccess && func_uaccess_safe(func)) {
                                WARN_FUNC("return with UACCESS disabled from a UACCESS-safe function", sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        if (state.df) {
                                WARN_FUNC("return with DF set", sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        if (func && has_modified_stack_frame(&state)) {
                                WARN_FUNC("return with modified stack frame",
                                          sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        if (state.bp_scratch) {
                                WARN("%s uses BP as a scratch register",
                                     insn->func->name);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        return 0;

                case INSN_CALL:
                case INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC:
                        ret = validate_call(insn, &state);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;

                        if (insn->type == INSN_CALL) {
                                if (is_fentry_call(insn))
                                        break;

                                ret = dead_end_function(file, insn->call_dest);
                                if (ret == 1)
                                        return 0;
                                if (ret == -1)
                                        return 1;
                        }

                        if (!no_fp && func && !has_valid_stack_frame(&state)) {
                                WARN_FUNC("call without frame pointer save/setup",
                                          sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }
                        break;

                case INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL:
                case INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL:
                        if (func && !insn->jump_dest) {
                                ret = validate_sibling_call(insn, &state);
                                if (ret)
                                        return ret;

                        } else if (insn->jump_dest &&
                                   (!func || !insn->jump_dest->func ||
                                    insn->jump_dest->func->pfunc == func)) {
                                ret = validate_branch(file, insn->jump_dest,
                                                      state);
                                if (ret) {
                                        if (backtrace)
                                                BT_FUNC("(branch)", insn);
                                        return ret;
                                }
                        }

                        if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
                                return 0;

                        break;

                case INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC:
                        if (func && list_empty(&insn->alts)) {
                                ret = validate_sibling_call(insn, &state);
                                if (ret)
                                        return ret;
                        }

                        return 0;

                case INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH:
                        if (func && (!next_insn || !next_insn->hint)) {
                                WARN_FUNC("unsupported instruction in callable function",
                                          sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }
                        return 0;

                case INSN_STACK:
                        if (update_insn_state(insn, &state))
                                return 1;

                        if (insn->stack_op.dest.type == OP_DEST_PUSHF) {
                                if (!state.uaccess_stack) {
                                        state.uaccess_stack = 1;
                                } else if (state.uaccess_stack >> 31) {
                                        WARN_FUNC("PUSHF stack exhausted", sec, insn->offset);
                                        return 1;
                                }
                                state.uaccess_stack <<= 1;
                                state.uaccess_stack  |= state.uaccess;
                        }

                        if (insn->stack_op.src.type == OP_SRC_POPF) {
                                if (state.uaccess_stack) {
                                        state.uaccess = state.uaccess_stack & 1;
                                        state.uaccess_stack >>= 1;
                                        if (state.uaccess_stack == 1)
                                                state.uaccess_stack = 0;
                                }
                        }

                        break;

                case INSN_STAC:
                        if (state.uaccess) {
                                WARN_FUNC("recursive UACCESS enable", sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        state.uaccess = true;
                        break;

                case INSN_CLAC:
                        if (!state.uaccess && insn->func) {
                                WARN_FUNC("redundant UACCESS disable", sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        if (func_uaccess_safe(func) && !state.uaccess_stack) {
                                WARN_FUNC("UACCESS-safe disables UACCESS", sec, insn->offset);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        state.uaccess = false;
                        break;

                case INSN_STD:
                        if (state.df)
                                WARN_FUNC("recursive STD", sec, insn->offset);

                        state.df = true;
                        break;

                case INSN_CLD:
                        if (!state.df && insn->func)
                                WARN_FUNC("redundant CLD", sec, insn->offset);

                        state.df = false;
                        break;

                default:
                        break;
                }

                if (insn->dead_end)
                        return 0;

                if (!next_insn) {
                        if (state.cfa.base == CFI_UNDEFINED)
                                return 0;
                        WARN("%s: unexpected end of section", sec->name);
                        return 1;
                }

                insn = next_insn;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int validate_unwind_hints(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct instruction *insn;
        int ret, warnings = 0;
        struct insn_state state;

        if (!file->hints)
                return 0;

        clear_insn_state(&state);

        for_each_insn(file, insn) {
                if (insn->hint && !insn->visited) {
                        ret = validate_branch(file, insn, state);
                        if (ret && backtrace)
                                BT_FUNC("<=== (hint)", insn);
                        warnings += ret;
                }
        }

        return warnings;
}

static int validate_retpoline(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct instruction *insn;
        int warnings = 0;

        for_each_insn(file, insn) {
                if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC &&
                    insn->type != INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC)
                        continue;

                if (insn->retpoline_safe)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * .init.text code is ran before userspace and thus doesn't
                 * strictly need retpolines, except for modules which are
                 * loaded late, they very much do need retpoline in their
                 * .init.text
                 */
                if (!strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".init.text") && !module)
                        continue;

                WARN_FUNC("indirect %s found in RETPOLINE build",
                          insn->sec, insn->offset,
                          insn->type == INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC ? "jump" : "call");

                warnings++;
        }

        return warnings;
}

static bool is_kasan_insn(struct instruction *insn)
{
        return (insn->type == INSN_CALL &&
                !strcmp(insn->call_dest->name, "__asan_handle_no_return"));
}

static bool is_ubsan_insn(struct instruction *insn)
{
        return (insn->type == INSN_CALL &&
                !strcmp(insn->call_dest->name,
                        "__ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable"));
}

static bool ignore_unreachable_insn(struct instruction *insn)
{
        int i;

        if (insn->ignore || insn->type == INSN_NOP)
                return true;

        /*
         * Ignore any unused exceptions.  This can happen when a whitelisted
         * function has an exception table entry.
         *
         * Also ignore alternative replacement instructions.  This can happen
         * when a whitelisted function uses one of the ALTERNATIVE macros.
         */
        if (!strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".fixup") ||
            !strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement") ||
            !strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".altinstr_aux"))
                return true;

        /*
         * Check if this (or a subsequent) instruction is related to
         * CONFIG_UBSAN or CONFIG_KASAN.
         *
         * End the search at 5 instructions to avoid going into the weeds.
         */
        if (!insn->func)
                return false;
        for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

                if (is_kasan_insn(insn) || is_ubsan_insn(insn))
                        return true;

                if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL) {
                        if (insn->jump_dest &&
                            insn->jump_dest->func == insn->func) {
                                insn = insn->jump_dest;
                                continue;
                        }

                        break;
                }

                if (insn->offset + insn->len >= insn->func->offset + insn->func->len)
                        break;

                insn = list_next_entry(insn, list);
        }

        return false;
}

static int validate_functions(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct section *sec;
        struct symbol *func;
        struct instruction *insn;
        struct insn_state state;
        int ret, warnings = 0;

        clear_insn_state(&state);

        state.cfa = initial_func_cfi.cfa;
        memcpy(&state.regs, &initial_func_cfi.regs,
               CFI_NUM_REGS * sizeof(struct cfi_reg));
        state.stack_size = initial_func_cfi.cfa.offset;

        for_each_sec(file, sec) {
                list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
                        if (func->type != STT_FUNC || func->pfunc != func)
                                continue;

                        insn = find_insn(file, sec, func->offset);
                        if (!insn || insn->ignore)
                                continue;

                        state.uaccess = func->alias->uaccess_safe;

                        ret = validate_branch(file, insn, state);
                        if (ret && backtrace)
                                BT_FUNC("<=== (func)", insn);
                        warnings += ret;
                }
        }

        return warnings;
}

static int validate_reachable_instructions(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct instruction *insn;

        if (file->ignore_unreachables)
                return 0;

        for_each_insn(file, insn) {
                if (insn->visited || ignore_unreachable_insn(insn))
                        continue;

                WARN_FUNC("unreachable instruction", insn->sec, insn->offset);
                return 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void cleanup(struct objtool_file *file)
{
        struct instruction *insn, *tmpinsn;
        struct alternative *alt, *tmpalt;

        list_for_each_entry_safe(insn, tmpinsn, &file->insn_list, list) {
                list_for_each_entry_safe(alt, tmpalt, &insn->alts, list) {
                        list_del(&alt->list);
                        free(alt);
                }
                list_del(&insn->list);
                hash_del(&insn->hash);
                free(insn);
        }
        elf_close(file->elf);
}

static struct objtool_file file;

int check(const char *_objname, bool orc)
{
        int ret, warnings = 0;

        objname = _objname;

        file.elf = elf_open(objname, orc ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY);
        if (!file.elf)
                return 1;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&file.insn_list);
        hash_init(file.insn_hash);
        file.c_file = find_section_by_name(file.elf, ".comment");
        file.ignore_unreachables = no_unreachable;
        file.hints = false;

        arch_initial_func_cfi_state(&initial_func_cfi);

        ret = decode_sections(&file);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        warnings += ret;

        if (list_empty(&file.insn_list))
                goto out;

        if (retpoline) {
                ret = validate_retpoline(&file);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
                warnings += ret;
        }

        ret = validate_functions(&file);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        warnings += ret;

        ret = validate_unwind_hints(&file);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        warnings += ret;

        if (!warnings) {
                ret = validate_reachable_instructions(&file);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
                warnings += ret;
        }

        if (orc) {
                ret = create_orc(&file);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;

                ret = create_orc_sections(&file);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;

                ret = elf_write(file.elf);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
        }

out:
        cleanup(&file);

        /* ignore warnings for now until we get all the code cleaned up */
        if (ret || warnings)
                return 0;
        return 0;
}