// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * mpx-mini-test.c: routines to test Intel MPX (Memory Protection eXtentions)
 *
 * Written by:
 * "Ren, Qiaowei" <qiaowei.ren@intel.com>
 * "Wei, Gang" <gang.wei@intel.com>
 * "Hansen, Dave" <dave.hansen@intel.com>
 */

/*
 * 2014-12-05: Dave Hansen: fixed all of the compiler warnings, and made sure
 *             it works on 32-bit.
 */

int inspect_every_this_many_mallocs = 100;
int zap_all_every_this_many_mallocs = 1000;

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ucontext.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "mpx-hw.h"
#include "mpx-debug.h"
#include "mpx-mm.h"

#ifndef __always_inline
#define __always_inline inline __attribute__((always_inline)
#endif

#ifndef TEST_DURATION_SECS
#define TEST_DURATION_SECS 3
#endif

void write_int_to(char *prefix, char *file, int int_to_write)
{
        char buf[100];
        int fd = open(file, O_RDWR);
        int len;
        int ret;

        assert(fd >= 0);
        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%d", prefix, int_to_write);
        assert(len >= 0);
        assert(len < sizeof(buf));
        ret = write(fd, buf, len);
        assert(ret == len);
        ret = close(fd);
        assert(!ret);
}

void write_pid_to(char *prefix, char *file)
{
        write_int_to(prefix, file, getpid());
}

void trace_me(void)
{
/* tracing events dir */
#define TED "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/"
/*
        write_pid_to("common_pid=", TED "signal/filter");
        write_pid_to("common_pid=", TED "exceptions/filter");
        write_int_to("", TED "signal/enable", 1);
        write_int_to("", TED "exceptions/enable", 1);
*/
        write_pid_to("", "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_ftrace_pid");
        write_int_to("", "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace", 0);
}

#define test_failed() __test_failed(__FILE__, __LINE__)
static void __test_failed(char *f, int l)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "abort @ %s::%d\n", f, l);
        abort();
}

/* Error Printf */
#define eprintf(args...)        fprintf(stderr, args)

#ifdef __i386__

/* i386 directory size is 4MB */
#define REG_IP_IDX      REG_EIP
#define REX_PREFIX

#define XSAVE_OFFSET_IN_FPMEM   sizeof(struct _libc_fpstate)

/*
 * __cpuid() is from the Linux Kernel:
 */
static inline void __cpuid(unsigned int *eax, unsigned int *ebx,
                unsigned int *ecx, unsigned int *edx)
{
        /* ecx is often an input as well as an output. */
        asm volatile(
                "push %%ebx;"
                "cpuid;"
                "mov %%ebx, %1;"
                "pop %%ebx"
                : "=a" (*eax),
                  "=g" (*ebx),
                  "=c" (*ecx),
                  "=d" (*edx)
                : "0" (*eax), "2" (*ecx));
}

#else /* __i386__ */

#define REG_IP_IDX      REG_RIP
#define REX_PREFIX "0x48, "

#define XSAVE_OFFSET_IN_FPMEM   0

/*
 * __cpuid() is from the Linux Kernel:
 */
static inline void __cpuid(unsigned int *eax, unsigned int *ebx,
                unsigned int *ecx, unsigned int *edx)
{
        /* ecx is often an input as well as an output. */
        asm volatile(
                "cpuid;"
                : "=a" (*eax),
                  "=b" (*ebx),
                  "=c" (*ecx),
                  "=d" (*edx)
                : "0" (*eax), "2" (*ecx));
}

#endif /* !__i386__ */

struct xsave_hdr_struct {
        uint64_t xstate_bv;
        uint64_t reserved1[2];
        uint64_t reserved2[5];
} __attribute__((packed));

struct bndregs_struct {
        uint64_t bndregs[8];
} __attribute__((packed));

struct bndcsr_struct {
        uint64_t cfg_reg_u;
        uint64_t status_reg;
} __attribute__((packed));

struct xsave_struct {
        uint8_t fpu_sse[512];
        struct xsave_hdr_struct xsave_hdr;
        uint8_t ymm[256];
        uint8_t lwp[128];
        struct bndregs_struct bndregs;
        struct bndcsr_struct bndcsr;
} __attribute__((packed));

uint8_t __attribute__((__aligned__(64))) buffer[4096];
struct xsave_struct *xsave_buf = (struct xsave_struct *)buffer;

uint8_t __attribute__((__aligned__(64))) test_buffer[4096];
struct xsave_struct *xsave_test_buf = (struct xsave_struct *)test_buffer;

uint64_t num_bnd_chk;

static __always_inline void xrstor_state(struct xsave_struct *fx, uint64_t mask)
{
        uint32_t lmask = mask;
        uint32_t hmask = mask >> 32;

        asm volatile(".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xae,0x2f\n\t"
                     : : "D" (fx), "m" (*fx), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void xsave_state_1(void *_fx, uint64_t mask)
{
        uint32_t lmask = mask;
        uint32_t hmask = mask >> 32;
        unsigned char *fx = _fx;

        asm volatile(".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xae,0x27\n\t"
                     : : "D" (fx), "m" (*fx), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask)
                     :   "memory");
}

static inline uint64_t xgetbv(uint32_t index)
{
        uint32_t eax, edx;

        asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xd0" /* xgetbv */
                     : "=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
                     : "c" (index));
        return eax + ((uint64_t)edx << 32);
}

static uint64_t read_mpx_status_sig(ucontext_t *uctxt)
{
        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
        memcpy(buffer,
                (uint8_t *)uctxt->uc_mcontext.fpregs + XSAVE_OFFSET_IN_FPMEM,
                sizeof(struct xsave_struct));

        return xsave_buf->bndcsr.status_reg;
}

#include <pthread.h>

static uint8_t *get_next_inst_ip(uint8_t *addr)
{
        uint8_t *ip = addr;
        uint8_t sib;
        uint8_t rm;
        uint8_t mod;
        uint8_t base;
        uint8_t modrm;

        /* determine the prefix. */
        switch(*ip) {
        case 0xf2:
        case 0xf3:
        case 0x66:
                ip++;
                break;
        }

        /* look for rex prefix */
        if ((*ip & 0x40) == 0x40)
                ip++;

        /* Make sure we have a MPX instruction. */
        if (*ip++ != 0x0f)
                return addr;

        /* Skip the op code byte. */
        ip++;

        /* Get the modrm byte. */
        modrm = *ip++;

        /* Break it down into parts. */
        rm = modrm & 7;
        mod = (modrm >> 6);

        /* Init the parts of the address mode. */
        base = 8;

        /* Is it a mem mode? */
        if (mod != 3) {
                /* look for scaled indexed addressing */
                if (rm == 4) {
                        /* SIB addressing */
                        sib = *ip++;
                        base = sib & 7;
                        switch (mod) {
                        case 0:
                                if (base == 5)
                                        ip += 4;
                                break;

                        case 1:
                                ip++;
                                break;

                        case 2:
                                ip += 4;
                                break;
                        }

                } else {
                        /* MODRM addressing */
                        switch (mod) {
                        case 0:
                                /* DISP32 addressing, no base */
                                if (rm == 5)
                                        ip += 4;
                                break;

                        case 1:
                                ip++;
                                break;

                        case 2:
                                ip += 4;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
        return ip;
}

#ifdef si_lower
static inline void *__si_bounds_lower(siginfo_t *si)
{
        return si->si_lower;
}

static inline void *__si_bounds_upper(siginfo_t *si)
{
        return si->si_upper;
}
#else

/*
 * This deals with old version of _sigfault in some distros:
 *

old _sigfault:
        struct {
            void *si_addr;
        } _sigfault;

new _sigfault:
        struct {
                void __user *_addr;
                int _trapno;
                short _addr_lsb;
                union {
                        struct {
                                void __user *_lower;
                                void __user *_upper;
                        } _addr_bnd;
                        __u32 _pkey;
                };
        } _sigfault;
 *
 */

static inline void **__si_bounds_hack(siginfo_t *si)
{
        void *sigfault = &si->_sifields._sigfault;
        void *end_sigfault = sigfault + sizeof(si->_sifields._sigfault);
        int *trapno = (int*)end_sigfault;
        /* skip _trapno and _addr_lsb */
        void **__si_lower = (void**)(trapno + 2);

        return __si_lower;
}

static inline void *__si_bounds_lower(siginfo_t *si)
{
        return *__si_bounds_hack(si);
}

static inline void *__si_bounds_upper(siginfo_t *si)
{
        return *(__si_bounds_hack(si) + 1);
}
#endif

static int br_count;
static int expected_bnd_index = -1;
uint64_t shadow_plb[NR_MPX_BOUNDS_REGISTERS][2]; /* shadow MPX bound registers */
unsigned long shadow_map[NR_MPX_BOUNDS_REGISTERS];

/* Failed address bound checks: */
#ifndef SEGV_BNDERR
# define SEGV_BNDERR    3
#endif

/*
 * The kernel is supposed to provide some information about the bounds
 * exception in the siginfo.  It should match what we have in the bounds
 * registers that we are checking against.  Just check against the shadow copy
 * since it is easily available, and we also check that *it* matches the real
 * registers.
 */
void check_siginfo_vs_shadow(siginfo_t* si)
{
        int siginfo_ok = 1;
        void *shadow_lower = (void *)(unsigned long)shadow_plb[expected_bnd_index][0];
        void *shadow_upper = (void *)(unsigned long)shadow_plb[expected_bnd_index][1];

        if ((expected_bnd_index < 0) ||
            (expected_bnd_index >= NR_MPX_BOUNDS_REGISTERS)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: invalid expected_bnd_index: %d\n",
                        expected_bnd_index);
                exit(6);
        }
        if (__si_bounds_lower(si) != shadow_lower)
                siginfo_ok = 0;
        if (__si_bounds_upper(si) != shadow_upper)
                siginfo_ok = 0;

        if (!siginfo_ok) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: siginfo bounds do not match "
                        "shadow bounds for register %d\n", expected_bnd_index);
                exit(7);
        }
}

void handler(int signum, siginfo_t *si, void *vucontext)
{
        int i;
        ucontext_t *uctxt = vucontext;
        int trapno;
        unsigned long ip;

        dprintf1("entered signal handler\n");

        trapno = uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO];
        ip = uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_IP_IDX];

        if (trapno == 5) {
                typeof(si->si_addr) *si_addr_ptr = &si->si_addr;
                uint64_t status = read_mpx_status_sig(uctxt);
                uint64_t br_reason =  status & 0x3;

                br_count++;
                dprintf1("#BR 0x%jx (total seen: %d)\n", status, br_count);

                dprintf2("Saw a #BR! status 0x%jx at %016lx br_reason: %jx\n",
                                status, ip, br_reason);
                dprintf2("si_signo: %d\n", si->si_signo);
                dprintf2("  signum: %d\n", signum);
                dprintf2("info->si_code == SEGV_BNDERR: %d\n",
                                (si->si_code == SEGV_BNDERR));
                dprintf2("info->si_code: %d\n", si->si_code);
                dprintf2("info->si_lower: %p\n", __si_bounds_lower(si));
                dprintf2("info->si_upper: %p\n", __si_bounds_upper(si));

                for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
                        dprintf3("[%d]: %p\n", i, si_addr_ptr[i]);
                switch (br_reason) {
                case 0: /* traditional BR */
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                "Undefined status with bound exception:%jx\n",
                                 status);
                        exit(5);
                case 1: /* #BR MPX bounds exception */
                        /* these are normal and we expect to see them */

                        check_siginfo_vs_shadow(si);

                        dprintf1("bounds exception (normal): status 0x%jx at %p si_addr: %p\n",
                                status, (void *)ip, si->si_addr);
                        num_bnd_chk++;
                        uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_IP_IDX] =
                                (greg_t)get_next_inst_ip((uint8_t *)ip);
                        break;
                case 2:
                        fprintf(stderr, "#BR status == 2, missing bounds table,"
                                        "kernel should have handled!!\n");
                        exit(4);
                        break;
                default:
                        fprintf(stderr, "bound check error: status 0x%jx at %p\n",
                                status, (void *)ip);
                        num_bnd_chk++;
                        uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_IP_IDX] =
                                (greg_t)get_next_inst_ip((uint8_t *)ip);
                        fprintf(stderr, "bound check error: si_addr %p\n", si->si_addr);
                        exit(3);
                }
        } else if (trapno == 14) {
                eprintf("ERROR: In signal handler, page fault, trapno = %d, ip = %016lx\n",
                        trapno, ip);
                eprintf("si_addr %p\n", si->si_addr);
                eprintf("REG_ERR: %lx\n", (unsigned long)uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR]);
                test_failed();
        } else {
                eprintf("unexpected trap %d! at 0x%lx\n", trapno, ip);
                eprintf("si_addr %p\n", si->si_addr);
                eprintf("REG_ERR: %lx\n", (unsigned long)uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR]);
                test_failed();
        }
}

static inline void cpuid_count(unsigned int op, int count,
                               unsigned int *eax, unsigned int *ebx,
                               unsigned int *ecx, unsigned int *edx)
{
        *eax = op;
        *ecx = count;
        __cpuid(eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
}

#define XSTATE_CPUID        0x0000000d

/*
 * List of XSAVE features Linux knows about:
 */
enum xfeature_bit {
        XSTATE_BIT_FP,
        XSTATE_BIT_SSE,
        XSTATE_BIT_YMM,
        XSTATE_BIT_BNDREGS,
        XSTATE_BIT_BNDCSR,
        XSTATE_BIT_OPMASK,
        XSTATE_BIT_ZMM_Hi256,
        XSTATE_BIT_Hi16_ZMM,

        XFEATURES_NR_MAX,
};

#define XSTATE_FP              (1 << XSTATE_BIT_FP)
#define XSTATE_SSE            (1 << XSTATE_BIT_SSE)
#define XSTATE_YMM            (1 << XSTATE_BIT_YMM)
#define XSTATE_BNDREGS    (1 << XSTATE_BIT_BNDREGS)
#define XSTATE_BNDCSR      (1 << XSTATE_BIT_BNDCSR)
#define XSTATE_OPMASK      (1 << XSTATE_BIT_OPMASK)
#define XSTATE_ZMM_Hi256        (1 << XSTATE_BIT_ZMM_Hi256)
#define XSTATE_Hi16_ZMM  (1 << XSTATE_BIT_Hi16_ZMM)

#define MPX_XSTATES             (XSTATE_BNDREGS | XSTATE_BNDCSR) /* 0x18 */

bool one_bit(unsigned int x, int bit)
{
        return !!(x & (1<<bit));
}

void print_state_component(int state_bit_nr, char *name)
{
        unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
        unsigned int state_component_size;
        unsigned int state_component_supervisor;
        unsigned int state_component_user;
        unsigned int state_component_aligned;

        /* See SDM Section 13.2 */
        cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, state_bit_nr, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
        assert(eax || ebx || ecx);
        state_component_size = eax;
        state_component_supervisor = ((!ebx) && one_bit(ecx, 0));
        state_component_user = !one_bit(ecx, 0);
        state_component_aligned = one_bit(ecx, 1);
        printf("%8s: size: %d user: %d supervisor: %d aligned: %d\n",
                name,
                state_component_size,       state_component_user,
                state_component_supervisor, state_component_aligned);

}

/* Intel-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x00000001 (ecx) */
#define XSAVE_FEATURE_BIT       (26)  /* XSAVE/XRSTOR/XSETBV/XGETBV */
#define OSXSAVE_FEATURE_BIT     (27) /* XSAVE enabled in the OS */

bool check_mpx_support(void)
{
        unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;

        cpuid_count(1, 0, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);

        /* We can't do much without XSAVE, so just make these assert()'s */
        if (!one_bit(ecx, XSAVE_FEATURE_BIT)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "processor lacks XSAVE, can not run MPX tests\n");
                exit(0);
        }

        if (!one_bit(ecx, OSXSAVE_FEATURE_BIT)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "processor lacks OSXSAVE, can not run MPX tests\n");
                exit(0);
        }

        /* CPUs not supporting the XSTATE CPUID leaf do not support MPX */
        /* Is this redundant with the feature bit checks? */
        cpuid_count(0, 0, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
        if (eax < XSTATE_CPUID) {
                fprintf(stderr, "processor lacks XSTATE CPUID leaf,"
                                " can not run MPX tests\n");
                exit(0);
        }

        printf("XSAVE is supported by HW & OS\n");

        cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, 0, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);

        printf("XSAVE processor supported state mask: 0x%x\n", eax);
        printf("XSAVE OS supported state mask: 0x%jx\n", xgetbv(0));

        /* Make sure that the MPX states are enabled in in XCR0 */
        if ((eax & MPX_XSTATES) != MPX_XSTATES) {
                fprintf(stderr, "processor lacks MPX XSTATE(s), can not run MPX tests\n");
                exit(0);
        }

        /* Make sure the MPX states are supported by XSAVE* */
        if ((xgetbv(0) & MPX_XSTATES) != MPX_XSTATES) {
                fprintf(stderr, "MPX XSTATE(s) no enabled in XCR0, "
                                "can not run MPX tests\n");
                exit(0);
        }

        print_state_component(XSTATE_BIT_BNDREGS, "BNDREGS");
        print_state_component(XSTATE_BIT_BNDCSR,  "BNDCSR");

        return true;
}

void enable_mpx(void *l1base)
{
        /* enable point lookup */
        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
        xrstor_state(xsave_buf, 0x18);

        xsave_buf->xsave_hdr.xstate_bv = 0x10;
        xsave_buf->bndcsr.cfg_reg_u = (unsigned long)l1base | 1;
        xsave_buf->bndcsr.status_reg = 0;

        dprintf2("bf xrstor\n");
        dprintf2("xsave cndcsr: status %jx, configu %jx\n",
               xsave_buf->bndcsr.status_reg, xsave_buf->bndcsr.cfg_reg_u);
        xrstor_state(xsave_buf, 0x18);
        dprintf2("after xrstor\n");

        xsave_state_1(xsave_buf, 0x18);

        dprintf1("xsave bndcsr: status %jx, configu %jx\n",
               xsave_buf->bndcsr.status_reg, xsave_buf->bndcsr.cfg_reg_u);
}

#include <sys/prctl.h>

struct mpx_bounds_dir *bounds_dir_ptr;

unsigned long __bd_incore(const char *func, int line)
{
        unsigned long ret = nr_incore(bounds_dir_ptr, MPX_BOUNDS_DIR_SIZE_BYTES);
        return ret;
}
#define bd_incore() __bd_incore(__func__, __LINE__)

void check_clear(void *ptr, unsigned long sz)
{
        unsigned long *i;

        for (i = ptr; (void *)i < ptr + sz; i++) {
                if (*i) {
                        dprintf1("%p is NOT clear at %p\n", ptr, i);
                        assert(0);
                }
        }
        dprintf1("%p is clear for %lx\n", ptr, sz);
}

void check_clear_bd(void)
{
        check_clear(bounds_dir_ptr, 2UL << 30);
}

#define USE_MALLOC_FOR_BOUNDS_DIR 1
bool process_specific_init(void)
{
        unsigned long size;
        unsigned long *dir;
        /* Guarantee we have the space to align it, add padding: */
        unsigned long pad = getpagesize();

        size = 2UL << 30; /* 2GB */
        if (sizeof(unsigned long) == 4)
                size = 4UL << 20; /* 4MB */
        dprintf1("trying to allocate %ld MB bounds directory\n", (size >> 20));

        if (USE_MALLOC_FOR_BOUNDS_DIR) {
                unsigned long _dir;

                dir = malloc(size + pad);
                assert(dir);
                _dir = (unsigned long)dir;
                _dir += 0xfffUL;
                _dir &= ~0xfffUL;
                dir = (void *)_dir;
        } else {
                /*
                 * This makes debugging easier because the address
                 * calculations are simpler:
                 */
                dir = mmap((void *)0x200000000000, size + pad,
                                PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
                                MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
                if (dir == (void *)-1) {
                        perror("unable to allocate bounds directory");
                        abort();
                }
                check_clear(dir, size);
        }
        bounds_dir_ptr = (void *)dir;
        madvise(bounds_dir_ptr, size, MADV_NOHUGEPAGE);
        bd_incore();
        dprintf1("bounds directory: 0x%p -> 0x%p\n", bounds_dir_ptr,
                        (char *)bounds_dir_ptr + size);
        check_clear(dir, size);
        enable_mpx(dir);
        check_clear(dir, size);
        if (prctl(43, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
                printf("no MPX support\n");
                abort();
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

bool process_specific_finish(void)
{
        if (prctl(44)) {
                printf("no MPX support\n");
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

void setup_handler()
{
        int r, rs;
        struct sigaction newact;
        struct sigaction oldact;

        /* #BR is mapped to sigsegv */
        int signum  = SIGSEGV;

        newact.sa_handler = 0;   /* void(*)(int)*/
        newact.sa_sigaction = handler; /* void (*)(int, siginfo_t*, void *) */

        /*sigset_t - signals to block while in the handler */
        /* get the old signal mask. */
        rs = sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, 0, &newact.sa_mask);
        assert(rs == 0);

        /* call sa_sigaction, not sa_handler*/
        newact.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;

        newact.sa_restorer = 0;  /* void(*)(), obsolete */
        r = sigaction(signum, &newact, &oldact);
        assert(r == 0);
}

void mpx_prepare(void)
{
        dprintf2("%s()\n", __func__);
        setup_handler();
        process_specific_init();
}

void mpx_cleanup(void)
{
        printf("%s(): %jd BRs. bye...\n", __func__, num_bnd_chk);
        process_specific_finish();
}

/*-------------- the following is test case ---------------*/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

uint64_t num_lower_brs;
uint64_t num_upper_brs;

#define MPX_CONFIG_OFFSET 1024
#define MPX_BOUNDS_OFFSET 960
#define MPX_HEADER_OFFSET 512
#define MAX_ADDR_TESTED (1<<28)
#define TEST_ROUNDS 100

/*
      0F 1A /r BNDLDX-Load
      0F 1B /r BNDSTX-Store Extended Bounds Using Address Translation
   66 0F 1A /r BNDMOV bnd1, bnd2/m128
   66 0F 1B /r BNDMOV bnd1/m128, bnd2
   F2 0F 1A /r BNDCU bnd, r/m64
   F2 0F 1B /r BNDCN bnd, r/m64
   F3 0F 1A /r BNDCL bnd, r/m64
   F3 0F 1B /r BNDMK bnd, m64
*/

static __always_inline void xsave_state(void *_fx, uint64_t mask)
{
        uint32_t lmask = mask;
        uint32_t hmask = mask >> 32;
        unsigned char *fx = _fx;

        asm volatile(".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xae,0x27\n\t"
                     : : "D" (fx), "m" (*fx), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_clear_bnd0(void)
{
        long size = 0;
        void *ptr = NULL;
        /* F3 0F 1B /r BNDMK bnd, m64                   */
        /* f3 0f 1b 04 11    bndmk  (%rcx,%rdx,1),%bnd0 */
        asm volatile(".byte 0xf3,0x0f,0x1b,0x04,0x11\n\t"
                     : : "c" (ptr), "d" (size-1)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_make_bound_helper(unsigned long ptr,
                unsigned long size)
{
        /* F3 0F 1B /r          BNDMK bnd, m64                  */
        /* f3 0f 1b 04 11       bndmk  (%rcx,%rdx,1),%bnd0      */
        asm volatile(".byte 0xf3,0x0f,0x1b,0x04,0x11\n\t"
                     : : "c" (ptr), "d" (size-1)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_check_lowerbound_helper(unsigned long ptr)
{
        /* F3 0F 1A /r  NDCL bnd, r/m64                 */
        /* f3 0f 1a 01  bndcl  (%rcx),%bnd0             */
        asm volatile(".byte 0xf3,0x0f,0x1a,0x01\n\t"
                     : : "c" (ptr)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_check_upperbound_helper(unsigned long ptr)
{
        /* F2 0F 1A /r  BNDCU bnd, r/m64        */
        /* f2 0f 1a 01  bndcu  (%rcx),%bnd0     */
        asm volatile(".byte 0xf2,0x0f,0x1a,0x01\n\t"
                     : : "c" (ptr)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_movbndreg_helper()
{
        /* 66 0F 1B /r  BNDMOV bnd1/m128, bnd2  */
        /* 66 0f 1b c2  bndmov %bnd0,%bnd2      */

        asm volatile(".byte 0x66,0x0f,0x1b,0xc2\n\t");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_movbnd2mem_helper(uint8_t *mem)
{
        /* 66 0F 1B /r  BNDMOV bnd1/m128, bnd2  */
        /* 66 0f 1b 01  bndmov %bnd0,(%rcx)     */
        asm volatile(".byte 0x66,0x0f,0x1b,0x01\n\t"
                     : : "c" (mem)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_movbnd_from_mem_helper(uint8_t *mem)
{
        /* 66 0F 1A /r  BNDMOV bnd1, bnd2/m128  */
        /* 66 0f 1a 01  bndmov (%rcx),%bnd0     */
        asm volatile(".byte 0x66,0x0f,0x1a,0x01\n\t"
                     : : "c" (mem)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_store_dsc_helper(unsigned long ptr_addr,
                unsigned long ptr_val)
{
        /* 0F 1B /r     BNDSTX-Store Extended Bounds Using Address Translation  */
        /* 0f 1b 04 11  bndstx %bnd0,(%rcx,%rdx,1)                              */
        asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x1b,0x04,0x11\n\t"
                     : : "c" (ptr_addr), "d" (ptr_val)
                     :   "memory");
}

static __always_inline void mpx_load_dsc_helper(unsigned long ptr_addr,
                unsigned long ptr_val)
{
        /* 0F 1A /r     BNDLDX-Load                     */
        /*/ 0f 1a 04 11 bndldx (%rcx,%rdx,1),%bnd0      */
        asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x1a,0x04,0x11\n\t"
                     : : "c" (ptr_addr), "d" (ptr_val)
                     :   "memory");
}

void __print_context(void *__print_xsave_buffer, int line)
{
        uint64_t *bounds = (uint64_t *)(__print_xsave_buffer + MPX_BOUNDS_OFFSET);
        uint64_t *cfg    = (uint64_t *)(__print_xsave_buffer + MPX_CONFIG_OFFSET);

        int i;
        eprintf("%s()::%d\n", "print_context", line);
        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                eprintf("bound[%d]: 0x%016lx 0x%016lx(0x%016lx)\n", i,
                       (unsigned long)bounds[i*2],
                       ~(unsigned long)bounds[i*2+1],
                        (unsigned long)bounds[i*2+1]);
        }

        eprintf("cpcfg: %jx  cpstatus: %jx\n", cfg[0], cfg[1]);
}
#define print_context(x) __print_context(x, __LINE__)
#ifdef DEBUG
#define dprint_context(x) print_context(x)
#else
#define dprint_context(x) do{}while(0)
#endif

void init()
{
        int i;

        srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                shadow_plb[i][0] = 0;
                shadow_plb[i][1] = ~(unsigned long)0;
        }
}

long int __mpx_random(int line)
{
#ifdef NOT_SO_RANDOM
        static long fake = 722122311;
        fake += 563792075;
        return fakse;
#else
        return random();
#endif
}
#define mpx_random() __mpx_random(__LINE__)

uint8_t *get_random_addr()
{
        uint8_t*addr = (uint8_t *)(unsigned long)(rand() % MAX_ADDR_TESTED);
        return (addr - (unsigned long)addr % sizeof(uint8_t *));
}

static inline bool compare_context(void *__xsave_buffer)
{
        uint64_t *bounds = (uint64_t *)(__xsave_buffer + MPX_BOUNDS_OFFSET);

        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                dprintf3("shadow[%d]{%016lx/%016lx}\nbounds[%d]{%016lx/%016lx}\n",
                       i, (unsigned long)shadow_plb[i][0], (unsigned long)shadow_plb[i][1],
                       i, (unsigned long)bounds[i*2],     ~(unsigned long)bounds[i*2+1]);
                if ((shadow_plb[i][0] != bounds[i*2]) ||
                    (shadow_plb[i][1] != ~(unsigned long)bounds[i*2+1])) {
                        eprintf("ERROR comparing shadow to real bound register %d\n", i);
                        eprintf("shadow{0x%016lx/0x%016lx}\nbounds{0x%016lx/0x%016lx}\n",
                               (unsigned long)shadow_plb[i][0], (unsigned long)shadow_plb[i][1],
                               (unsigned long)bounds[i*2], (unsigned long)bounds[i*2+1]);
                        return false;
                }
        }

        return true;
}

void mkbnd_shadow(uint8_t *ptr, int index, long offset)
{
        uint64_t *lower = (uint64_t *)&(shadow_plb[index][0]);
        uint64_t *upper = (uint64_t *)&(shadow_plb[index][1]);
        *lower = (unsigned long)ptr;
        *upper = (unsigned long)ptr + offset - 1;
}

void check_lowerbound_shadow(uint8_t *ptr, int index)
{
        uint64_t *lower = (uint64_t *)&(shadow_plb[index][0]);
        if (*lower > (uint64_t)(unsigned long)ptr)
                num_lower_brs++;
        else
                dprintf1("LowerBoundChk passed:%p\n", ptr);
}

void check_upperbound_shadow(uint8_t *ptr, int index)
{
        uint64_t upper = *(uint64_t *)&(shadow_plb[index][1]);
        if (upper < (uint64_t)(unsigned long)ptr)
                num_upper_brs++;
        else
                dprintf1("UpperBoundChk passed:%p\n", ptr);
}

__always_inline void movbndreg_shadow(int src, int dest)
{
        shadow_plb[dest][0] = shadow_plb[src][0];
        shadow_plb[dest][1] = shadow_plb[src][1];
}

__always_inline void movbnd2mem_shadow(int src, unsigned long *dest)
{
        unsigned long *lower = (unsigned long *)&(shadow_plb[src][0]);
        unsigned long *upper = (unsigned long *)&(shadow_plb[src][1]);
        *dest = *lower;
        *(dest+1) = *upper;
}

__always_inline void movbnd_from_mem_shadow(unsigned long *src, int dest)
{
        unsigned long *lower = (unsigned long *)&(shadow_plb[dest][0]);
        unsigned long *upper = (unsigned long *)&(shadow_plb[dest][1]);
        *lower = *src;
        *upper = *(src+1);
}

__always_inline void stdsc_shadow(int index, uint8_t *ptr, uint8_t *ptr_val)
{
        shadow_map[0] = (unsigned long)shadow_plb[index][0];

        shadow_map[1] = (unsigned long)shadow_plb[index][1];
        shadow_map[2] = (unsigned long)ptr_val;
        dprintf3("%s(%d, %p, %p) set shadow map[2]: %p\n", __func__,
                        index, ptr, ptr_val, ptr_val);
        /*ptr ignored */
}

void lddsc_shadow(int index, uint8_t *ptr, uint8_t *ptr_val)
{
        uint64_t lower = shadow_map[0];
        uint64_t upper = shadow_map[1];
        uint8_t *value = (uint8_t *)shadow_map[2];

        if (value != ptr_val) {
                dprintf2("%s(%d, %p, %p) init shadow bounds[%d] "
                         "because %p != %p\n", __func__, index, ptr,
                         ptr_val, index, value, ptr_val);
                shadow_plb[index][0] = 0;
                shadow_plb[index][1] = ~(unsigned long)0;
        } else {
                shadow_plb[index][0] = lower;
                shadow_plb[index][1] = upper;
        }
        /* ptr ignored */
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper0(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        mpx_make_bound_helper((unsigned long)ptr, 0x1800);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper0_shadow(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        mkbnd_shadow(ptr, 0, 0x1800);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper1(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        /* these are hard-coded to check bnd0 */
        expected_bnd_index = 0;
        mpx_check_lowerbound_helper((unsigned long)(ptr-1));
        mpx_check_upperbound_helper((unsigned long)(ptr+0x1800));
        /* reset this since we do not expect any more bounds exceptions */
        expected_bnd_index = -1;
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper1_shadow(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        check_lowerbound_shadow(ptr-1, 0);
        check_upperbound_shadow(ptr+0x1800, 0);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper2(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        mpx_make_bound_helper((unsigned long)ptr, 0x1800);
        mpx_movbndreg_helper();
        mpx_movbnd2mem_helper(buf);
        mpx_make_bound_helper((unsigned long)(ptr+0x12), 0x1800);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper2_shadow(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        mkbnd_shadow(ptr, 0, 0x1800);
        movbndreg_shadow(0, 2);
        movbnd2mem_shadow(0, (unsigned long *)buf);
        mkbnd_shadow(ptr+0x12, 0, 0x1800);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper3(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        mpx_movbnd_from_mem_helper(buf);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper3_shadow(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        movbnd_from_mem_shadow((unsigned long *)buf, 0);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper4(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        mpx_store_dsc_helper((unsigned long)buf, (unsigned long)ptr);
        mpx_make_bound_helper((unsigned long)(ptr+0x12), 0x1800);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper4_shadow(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        stdsc_shadow(0, buf, ptr);
        mkbnd_shadow(ptr+0x12, 0, 0x1800);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper5(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        mpx_load_dsc_helper((unsigned long)buf, (unsigned long)ptr);
}

static __always_inline void mpx_test_helper5_shadow(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        lddsc_shadow(0, buf, ptr);
}

#define NR_MPX_TEST_FUNCTIONS 6

/*
 * For compatibility reasons, MPX will clear the bounds registers
 * when you make function calls (among other things).  We have to
 * preserve the registers in between calls to the "helpers" since
 * they build on each other.
 *
 * Be very careful not to make any function calls inside the
 * helpers, or anywhere else beween the xrstor and xsave.
 */
#define run_helper(helper_nr, buf, buf_shadow, ptr)     do {    \
        xrstor_state(xsave_test_buf, flags);                    \
        mpx_test_helper##helper_nr(buf, ptr);                   \
        xsave_state(xsave_test_buf, flags);                     \
        mpx_test_helper##helper_nr##_shadow(buf_shadow, ptr);   \
} while (0)

static void run_helpers(int nr, uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *buf_shadow, uint8_t *ptr)
{
        uint64_t flags = 0x18;

        dprint_context(xsave_test_buf);
        switch (nr) {
        case 0:
                run_helper(0, buf, buf_shadow, ptr);
                break;
        case 1:
                run_helper(1, buf, buf_shadow, ptr);
                break;
        case 2:
                run_helper(2, buf, buf_shadow, ptr);
                break;
        case 3:
                run_helper(3, buf, buf_shadow, ptr);
                break;
        case 4:
                run_helper(4, buf, buf_shadow, ptr);
                break;
        case 5:
                run_helper(5, buf, buf_shadow, ptr);
                break;
        default:
                test_failed();
                break;
        }
        dprint_context(xsave_test_buf);
}

unsigned long buf_shadow[1024]; /* used to check load / store descriptors */
extern long inspect_me(struct mpx_bounds_dir *bounds_dir);

long cover_buf_with_bt_entries(void *buf, long buf_len)
{
        int i;
        long nr_to_fill;
        int ratio = 1000;
        unsigned long buf_len_in_ptrs;

        /* Fill about 1/100 of the space with bt entries */
        nr_to_fill = buf_len / (sizeof(unsigned long) * ratio);

        if (!nr_to_fill)
                dprintf3("%s() nr_to_fill: %ld\n", __func__, nr_to_fill);

        /* Align the buffer to pointer size */
        while (((unsigned long)buf) % sizeof(void *)) {
                buf++;
                buf_len--;
        }
        /* We are storing pointers, so make */
        buf_len_in_ptrs = buf_len / sizeof(void *);

        for (i = 0; i < nr_to_fill; i++) {
                long index = (mpx_random() % buf_len_in_ptrs);
                void *ptr = buf + index * sizeof(unsigned long);
                unsigned long ptr_addr = (unsigned long)ptr;

                /* ptr and size can be anything */
                mpx_make_bound_helper((unsigned long)ptr, 8);

                /*
                 * take bnd0 and put it in to bounds tables "buf + index" is an
                 * address inside the buffer where we are pretending that we
                 * are going to put a pointer We do not, though because we will
                 * never load entries from the table, so it doesn't matter.
                 */
                mpx_store_dsc_helper(ptr_addr, (unsigned long)ptr);
                dprintf4("storing bound table entry for %lx (buf start @ %p)\n",
                                ptr_addr, buf);
        }
        return nr_to_fill;
}

unsigned long align_down(unsigned long alignme, unsigned long align_to)
{
        return alignme & ~(align_to-1);
}

unsigned long align_up(unsigned long alignme, unsigned long align_to)
{
        return (alignme + align_to - 1) & ~(align_to-1);
}

/*
 * Using 1MB alignment guarantees that each no allocation
 * will overlap with another's bounds tables.
 *
 * We have to cook our own allocator here.  malloc() can
 * mix other allocation with ours which means that even
 * if we free all of our allocations, there might still
 * be bounds tables for the *areas* since there is other
 * valid memory there.
 *
 * We also can't use malloc() because a free() of an area
 * might not free it back to the kernel.  We want it
 * completely unmapped an malloc() does not guarantee
 * that.
 */
#ifdef __i386__
long alignment = 4096;
long sz_alignment = 4096;
#else
long alignment = 1 * MB;
long sz_alignment = 1 * MB;
#endif
void *mpx_mini_alloc(unsigned long sz)
{
        unsigned long long tries = 0;
        static void *last;
        void *ptr;
        void *try_at;

        sz = align_up(sz, sz_alignment);

        try_at = last + alignment;
        while (1) {
                ptr = mmap(try_at, sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
                                MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
                if (ptr == (void *)-1)
                        return NULL;
                if (ptr == try_at)
                        break;

                munmap(ptr, sz);
                try_at += alignment;
#ifdef __i386__
                /*
                 * This isn't quite correct for 32-bit binaries
                 * on 64-bit kernels since they can use the
                 * entire 32-bit address space, but it's close
                 * enough.
                 */
                if (try_at > (void *)0xC0000000)
#else
                if (try_at > (void *)0x0000800000000000)
#endif
                        try_at = (void *)0x0;
                if (!(++tries % 10000))
                        dprintf1("stuck in %s(), tries: %lld\n", __func__, tries);
                continue;
        }
        last = ptr;
        dprintf3("mpx_mini_alloc(0x%lx) returning: %p\n", sz, ptr);
        return ptr;
}
void mpx_mini_free(void *ptr, long sz)
{
        dprintf2("%s() ptr: %p\n", __func__, ptr);
        if ((unsigned long)ptr > 0x100000000000) {
                dprintf1("uh oh !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! pointer too high: %p\n", ptr);
                test_failed();
        }
        sz = align_up(sz, sz_alignment);
        dprintf3("%s() ptr: %p before munmap\n", __func__, ptr);
        munmap(ptr, sz);
        dprintf3("%s() ptr: %p DONE\n", __func__, ptr);
}

#define NR_MALLOCS 100
struct one_malloc {
        char *ptr;
        int nr_filled_btes;
        unsigned long size;
};
struct one_malloc mallocs[NR_MALLOCS];

void free_one_malloc(int index)
{
        unsigned long free_ptr;
        unsigned long mask;

        if (!mallocs[index].ptr)
                return;

        mpx_mini_free(mallocs[index].ptr, mallocs[index].size);
        dprintf4("freed[%d]:  %p\n", index, mallocs[index].ptr);

        free_ptr = (unsigned long)mallocs[index].ptr;
        mask = alignment-1;
        dprintf4("lowerbits: %lx / %lx mask: %lx\n", free_ptr,
                        (free_ptr & mask), mask);
        assert((free_ptr & mask) == 0);

        mallocs[index].ptr = NULL;
}

#ifdef __i386__
#define MPX_BOUNDS_TABLE_COVERS 4096
#else
#define MPX_BOUNDS_TABLE_COVERS (1 * MB)
#endif
void zap_everything(void)
{
        long after_zap;
        long before_zap;
        int i;

        before_zap = inspect_me(bounds_dir_ptr);
        dprintf1("zapping everything start: %ld\n", before_zap);
        for (i = 0; i < NR_MALLOCS; i++)
                free_one_malloc(i);

        after_zap = inspect_me(bounds_dir_ptr);
        dprintf1("zapping everything done: %ld\n", after_zap);
        /*
         * We only guarantee to empty the thing out if our allocations are
         * exactly aligned on the boundaries of a boudns table.
         */
        if ((alignment >= MPX_BOUNDS_TABLE_COVERS) &&
            (sz_alignment >= MPX_BOUNDS_TABLE_COVERS)) {
                if (after_zap != 0)
                        test_failed();

                assert(after_zap == 0);
        }
}

void do_one_malloc(void)
{
        static int malloc_counter;
        long sz;
        int rand_index = (mpx_random() % NR_MALLOCS);
        void *ptr = mallocs[rand_index].ptr;

        dprintf3("%s() enter\n", __func__);

        if (ptr) {
                dprintf3("freeing one malloc at index: %d\n", rand_index);
                free_one_malloc(rand_index);
                if (mpx_random() % (NR_MALLOCS*3) == 3) {
                        int i;
                        dprintf3("zapping some more\n");
                        for (i = rand_index; i < NR_MALLOCS; i++)
                                free_one_malloc(i);
                }
                if ((mpx_random() % zap_all_every_this_many_mallocs) == 4)
                        zap_everything();
        }

        /* 1->~1M */
        sz = (1 + mpx_random() % 1000) * 1000;
        ptr = mpx_mini_alloc(sz);
        if (!ptr) {
                /*
                 * If we are failing allocations, just assume we
                 * are out of memory and zap everything.
                 */
                dprintf3("zapping everything because out of memory\n");
                zap_everything();
                goto out;
        }

        dprintf3("malloc: %p size: 0x%lx\n", ptr, sz);
        mallocs[rand_index].nr_filled_btes = cover_buf_with_bt_entries(ptr, sz);
        mallocs[rand_index].ptr = ptr;
        mallocs[rand_index].size = sz;
out:
        if ((++malloc_counter) % inspect_every_this_many_mallocs == 0)
                inspect_me(bounds_dir_ptr);
}

void run_timed_test(void (*test_func)(void))
{
        int done = 0;
        long iteration = 0;
        static time_t last_print;
        time_t now;
        time_t start;

        time(&start);
        while (!done) {
                time(&now);
                if ((now - start) > TEST_DURATION_SECS)
                        done = 1;

                test_func();
                iteration++;

                if ((now - last_print > 1) || done) {
                        printf("iteration %ld complete, OK so far\n", iteration);
                        last_print = now;
                }
        }
}

void check_bounds_table_frees(void)
{
        printf("executing unmaptest\n");
        inspect_me(bounds_dir_ptr);
        run_timed_test(&do_one_malloc);
        printf("done with malloc() fun\n");
}

void insn_test_failed(int test_nr, int test_round, void *buf,
                void *buf_shadow, void *ptr)
{
        print_context(xsave_test_buf);
        eprintf("ERROR: test %d round %d failed\n", test_nr, test_round);
        while (test_nr == 5) {
                struct mpx_bt_entry *bte;
                struct mpx_bounds_dir *bd = (void *)bounds_dir_ptr;
                struct mpx_bd_entry *bde = mpx_vaddr_to_bd_entry(buf, bd);

                printf("  bd: %p\n", bd);
                printf("&bde: %p\n", bde);
                printf("*bde: %lx\n", *(unsigned long *)bde);
                if (!bd_entry_valid(bde))
                        break;

                bte = mpx_vaddr_to_bt_entry(buf, bd);
                printf(" te: %p\n", bte);
                printf("bte[0]: %lx\n", bte->contents[0]);
                printf("bte[1]: %lx\n", bte->contents[1]);
                printf("bte[2]: %lx\n", bte->contents[2]);
                printf("bte[3]: %lx\n", bte->contents[3]);
                break;
        }
        test_failed();
}

void check_mpx_insns_and_tables(void)
{
        int successes = 0;
        int failures  = 0;
        int buf_size = (1024*1024);
        unsigned long *buf = malloc(buf_size);
        const int total_nr_tests = NR_MPX_TEST_FUNCTIONS * TEST_ROUNDS;
        int i, j;

        memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
        memset(buf_shadow, 0, sizeof(buf_shadow));

        for (i = 0; i < TEST_ROUNDS; i++) {
                uint8_t *ptr = get_random_addr() + 8;

                for (j = 0; j < NR_MPX_TEST_FUNCTIONS; j++) {
                        if (0 && j != 5) {
                                successes++;
                                continue;
                        }
                        dprintf2("starting test %d round %d\n", j, i);
                        dprint_context(xsave_test_buf);
                        /*
                         * test5 loads an address from the bounds tables.
                         * The load will only complete if 'ptr' matches
                         * the load and the store, so with random addrs,
                         * the odds of this are very small.  Make it
                         * higher by only moving 'ptr' 1/10 times.
                         */
                        if (random() % 10 <= 0)
                                ptr = get_random_addr() + 8;
                        dprintf3("random ptr{%p}\n", ptr);
                        dprint_context(xsave_test_buf);
                        run_helpers(j, (void *)buf, (void *)buf_shadow, ptr);
                        dprint_context(xsave_test_buf);
                        if (!compare_context(xsave_test_buf)) {
                                insn_test_failed(j, i, buf, buf_shadow, ptr);
                                failures++;
                                goto exit;
                        }
                        successes++;
                        dprint_context(xsave_test_buf);
                        dprintf2("finished test %d round %d\n", j, i);
                        dprintf3("\n");
                        dprint_context(xsave_test_buf);
                }
        }

exit:
        dprintf2("\nabout to free:\n");
        free(buf);
        dprintf1("successes: %d\n", successes);
        dprintf1(" failures: %d\n", failures);
        dprintf1("    tests: %d\n", total_nr_tests);
        dprintf1(" expected: %jd #BRs\n", num_upper_brs + num_lower_brs);
        dprintf1("      saw: %d #BRs\n", br_count);
        if (failures) {
                eprintf("ERROR: non-zero number of failures\n");
                exit(20);
        }
        if (successes != total_nr_tests) {
                eprintf("ERROR: succeeded fewer than number of tries (%d != %d)\n",
                                successes, total_nr_tests);
                exit(21);
        }
        if (num_upper_brs + num_lower_brs != br_count) {
                eprintf("ERROR: unexpected number of #BRs: %jd %jd %d\n",
                                num_upper_brs, num_lower_brs, br_count);
                eprintf("successes: %d\n", successes);
                eprintf(" failures: %d\n", failures);
                eprintf("    tests: %d\n", total_nr_tests);
                eprintf(" expected: %jd #BRs\n", num_upper_brs + num_lower_brs);
                eprintf("      saw: %d #BRs\n", br_count);
                exit(22);
        }
}

/*
 * This is supposed to SIGSEGV nicely once the kernel
 * can no longer allocate vaddr space.
 */
void exhaust_vaddr_space(void)
{
        unsigned long ptr;
        /* Try to make sure there is no room for a bounds table anywhere */
        unsigned long skip = MPX_BOUNDS_TABLE_SIZE_BYTES - PAGE_SIZE;
#ifdef __i386__
        unsigned long max_vaddr = 0xf7788000UL;
#else
        unsigned long max_vaddr = 0x800000000000UL;
#endif

        dprintf1("%s() start\n", __func__);
        /* do not start at 0, we aren't allowed to map there */
        for (ptr = PAGE_SIZE; ptr < max_vaddr; ptr += skip) {
                void *ptr_ret;
                int ret = madvise((void *)ptr, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_NORMAL);

                if (!ret) {
                        dprintf1("madvise() %lx ret: %d\n", ptr, ret);
                        continue;
                }
                ptr_ret = mmap((void *)ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
                                MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
                if (ptr_ret != (void *)ptr) {
                        perror("mmap");
                        dprintf1("mmap(%lx) ret: %p\n", ptr, ptr_ret);
                        break;
                }
                if (!(ptr & 0xffffff))
                        dprintf1("mmap(%lx) ret: %p\n", ptr, ptr_ret);
        }
        for (ptr = PAGE_SIZE; ptr < max_vaddr; ptr += skip) {
                dprintf2("covering 0x%lx with bounds table entries\n", ptr);
                cover_buf_with_bt_entries((void *)ptr, PAGE_SIZE);
        }
        dprintf1("%s() end\n", __func__);
        printf("done with vaddr space fun\n");
}

void mpx_table_test(void)
{
        printf("starting mpx bounds table test\n");
        run_timed_test(check_mpx_insns_and_tables);
        printf("done with mpx bounds table test\n");
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int unmaptest = 0;
        int vaddrexhaust = 0;
        int tabletest = 0;
        int i;

        check_mpx_support();
        mpx_prepare();
        srandom(11179);

        bd_incore();
        init();
        bd_incore();

        trace_me();

        xsave_state((void *)xsave_test_buf, 0x1f);
        if (!compare_context(xsave_test_buf))
                printf("Init failed\n");

        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
                if (!strcmp(argv[i], "unmaptest"))
                        unmaptest = 1;
                if (!strcmp(argv[i], "vaddrexhaust"))
                        vaddrexhaust = 1;
                if (!strcmp(argv[i], "tabletest"))
                        tabletest = 1;
        }
        if (!(unmaptest || vaddrexhaust || tabletest)) {
                unmaptest = 1;
                /* vaddrexhaust = 1; */
                tabletest = 1;
        }
        if (unmaptest)
                check_bounds_table_frees();
        if (tabletest)
                mpx_table_test();
        if (vaddrexhaust)
                exhaust_vaddr_space();
        printf("%s completed successfully\n", argv[0]);
        exit(0);
}

#include "mpx-dig.c"