linux/LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0
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   1Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   2Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
   3Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
   4Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   5SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.html
   6Usage-Guide:
   7  To use this license in source code, put one of the following SPDX
   8  tag/value pairs into a comment according to the placement
   9  guidelines in the licensing rules documentation.
  10  For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 only' use:
  11    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
  12  or
  13    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
  14  For 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or any later version' use:
  15    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
  16  or
  17    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
  18License-Text:
  19
  20                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  21                       Version 2, June 1991
  22
  23 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  24                       51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  25 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  26 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  27
  28                            Preamble
  29
  30  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
  31freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
  32License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
  33software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
  34General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
  35Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
  36using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
  37the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
  38your programs, too.
  39
  40  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
  41price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
  42have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
  43this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
  44if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
  45in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
  46
  47  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
  48anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
  49These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
  50distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
  51
  52  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
  53gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
  54you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
  55source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
  56rights.
  57
  58  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
  59(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
  60distribute and/or modify the software.
  61
  62  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
  63that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
  64software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
  65want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
  66that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
  67authors' reputations.
  68
  69  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
  70patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
  71program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
  72program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
  73patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
  74
  75  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
  76modification follow.
  77
  78                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  79   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
  80
  81  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
  82a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
  83under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
  84refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
  85means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
  86that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
  87either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
  88language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
  89the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
  90
  91Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
  92covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
  93running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
  94is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
  95Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
  96Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
  97
  98  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
  99source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
 100conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
 101copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
 102notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
 103and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
 104along with the Program.
 105
 106You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
 107you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
 108
 109  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
 110of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
 111distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
 112above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
 113
 114    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
 115    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
 116
 117    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
 118    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
 119    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
 120    parties under the terms of this License.
 121
 122    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
 123    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
 124    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
 125    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
 126    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
 127    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
 128    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
 129    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
 130    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
 131    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
 132
 133These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
 134identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
 135and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
 136themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
 137sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
 138distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
 139on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
 140this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
 141entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
 142
 143Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
 144your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
 145exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
 146collective works based on the Program.
 147
 148In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
 149with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
 150a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
 151the scope of this License.
 152
 153  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
 154under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
 155Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
 156
 157    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
 158    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
 159    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
 160
 161    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
 162    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
 163    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
 164    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
 165    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
 166    customarily used for software interchange; or,
 167
 168    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
 169    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
 170    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
 171    received the program in object code or executable form with such
 172    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
 173
 174The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
 175making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
 176code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
 177associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
 178control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
 179special exception, the source code distributed need not include
 180anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
 181form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
 182operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
 183itself accompanies the executable.
 184
 185If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
 186access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
 187access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
 188distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
 189compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
 190
 191  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
 192except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
 193otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
 194void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
 195However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
 196this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
 197parties remain in full compliance.
 198
 199  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
 200signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
 201distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
 202prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
 203modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
 204Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
 205all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
 206the Program or works based on it.
 207
 208  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
 209Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
 210original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
 211these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
 212restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
 213You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
 214this License.
 215
 216  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
 217infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
 218conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
 219otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
 220excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
 221distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
 222License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
 223may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
 224license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
 225all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
 226the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
 227refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
 228
 229If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
 230any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
 231apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
 232circumstances.
 233
 234It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
 235patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
 236such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
 237integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
 238implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
 239generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
 240through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
 241system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
 242to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
 243impose that choice.
 244
 245This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
 246be a consequence of the rest of this License.
 247
 248  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
 249certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
 250original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
 251may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
 252those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
 253countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
 254the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
 255
 256  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
 257of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
 258be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
 259address new problems or concerns.
 260
 261Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
 262specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
 263later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
 264either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
 265Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
 266this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
 267Foundation.
 268
 269  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
 270programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
 271to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
 272Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
 273make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
 274of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
 275of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
 276
 277                            NO WARRANTY
 278
 279  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
 280FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
 281OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
 282PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
 283OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 284MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
 285TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
 286PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
 287REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
 288
 289  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
 290WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
 291REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
 292INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
 293OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
 294TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
 295YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
 296PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
 297POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
 298
 299                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
 300
 301            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
 302
 303  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
 304possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
 305free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
 306
 307  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
 308to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
 309convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
 310the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
 311
 312    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
 313    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
 314
 315    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 316    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 317    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 318    (at your option) any later version.
 319
 320    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 321    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 322    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 323    GNU General Public License for more details.
 324
 325    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 326    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 327    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 328
 329
 330Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
 331
 332If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
 333when it starts in an interactive mode:
 334
 335    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
 336    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
 337    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
 338    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
 339
 340The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
 341parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
 342be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
 343mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
 344
 345You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
 346school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
 347necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
 348
 349  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
 350  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
 351
 352  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
 353  Ty Coon, President of Vice
 354
 355This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
 356proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
 357consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
 358library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
 359Public License instead of this License.
 360