// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Low level x86 E820 memory map handling functions.
 *
 * The firmware and bootloader passes us the "E820 table", which is the primary
 * physical memory layout description available about x86 systems.
 *
 * The kernel takes the E820 memory layout and optionally modifies it with
 * quirks and other tweaks, and feeds that into the generic Linux memory
 * allocation code routines via a platform independent interface (memblock, etc.).
 */
#include <linux/crash_dump.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/firmware-map.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>

#include <asm/e820/api.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>

/*
 * We organize the E820 table into three main data structures:
 *
 * - 'e820_table_firmware': the original firmware version passed to us by the
 *   bootloader - not modified by the kernel. It is composed of two parts:
 *   the first 128 E820 memory entries in boot_params.e820_table and the remaining
 *   (if any) entries of the SETUP_E820_EXT nodes. We use this to:
 *
 *       - inform the user about the firmware's notion of memory layout
 *         via /sys/firmware/memmap
 *
 *       - the hibernation code uses it to generate a kernel-independent MD5
 *         fingerprint of the physical memory layout of a system.
 *
 * - 'e820_table_kexec': a slightly modified (by the kernel) firmware version
 *   passed to us by the bootloader - the major difference between
 *   e820_table_firmware[] and this one is that, the latter marks the setup_data
 *   list created by the EFI boot stub as reserved, so that kexec can reuse the
 *   setup_data information in the second kernel. Besides, e820_table_kexec[]
 *   might also be modified by the kexec itself to fake a mptable.
 *   We use this to:
 *
 *       - kexec, which is a bootloader in disguise, uses the original E820
 *         layout to pass to the kexec-ed kernel. This way the original kernel
 *         can have a restricted E820 map while the kexec()-ed kexec-kernel
 *         can have access to full memory - etc.
 *
 * - 'e820_table': this is the main E820 table that is massaged by the
 *   low level x86 platform code, or modified by boot parameters, before
 *   passed on to higher level MM layers.
 *
 * Once the E820 map has been converted to the standard Linux memory layout
 * information its role stops - modifying it has no effect and does not get
 * re-propagated. So itsmain role is a temporary bootstrap storage of firmware
 * specific memory layout data during early bootup.
 */
static struct e820_table e820_table_init                __initdata;
static struct e820_table e820_table_kexec_init          __initdata;
static struct e820_table e820_table_firmware_init       __initdata;

struct e820_table *e820_table __refdata                 = &e820_table_init;
struct e820_table *e820_table_kexec __refdata           = &e820_table_kexec_init;
struct e820_table *e820_table_firmware __refdata        = &e820_table_firmware_init;

/* For PCI or other memory-mapped resources */
unsigned long pci_mem_start = 0xaeedbabe;
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_mem_start);
#endif

/*
 * This function checks if any part of the range <start,end> is mapped
 * with type.
 */
static bool _e820__mapped_any(struct e820_table *table,
                              u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &table->entries[i];

                if (type && entry->type != type)
                        continue;
                if (entry->addr >= end || entry->addr + entry->size <= start)
                        continue;
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

bool e820__mapped_raw_any(u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
        return _e820__mapped_any(e820_table_firmware, start, end, type);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(e820__mapped_raw_any);

bool e820__mapped_any(u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
        return _e820__mapped_any(e820_table, start, end, type);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(e820__mapped_any);

/*
 * This function checks if the entire <start,end> range is mapped with 'type'.
 *
 * Note: this function only works correctly once the E820 table is sorted and
 * not-overlapping (at least for the range specified), which is the case normally.
 */
static struct e820_entry *__e820__mapped_all(u64 start, u64 end,
                                             enum e820_type type)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];

                if (type && entry->type != type)
                        continue;

                /* Is the region (part) in overlap with the current region? */
                if (entry->addr >= end || entry->addr + entry->size <= start)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * If the region is at the beginning of <start,end> we move
                 * 'start' to the end of the region since it's ok until there
                 */
                if (entry->addr <= start)
                        start = entry->addr + entry->size;

                /*
                 * If 'start' is now at or beyond 'end', we're done, full
                 * coverage of the desired range exists:
                 */
                if (start >= end)
                        return entry;
        }

        return NULL;
}

/*
 * This function checks if the entire range <start,end> is mapped with type.
 */
bool __init e820__mapped_all(u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
        return __e820__mapped_all(start, end, type);
}

/*
 * This function returns the type associated with the range <start,end>.
 */
int e820__get_entry_type(u64 start, u64 end)
{
        struct e820_entry *entry = __e820__mapped_all(start, end, 0);

        return entry ? entry->type : -EINVAL;
}

/*
 * Add a memory region to the kernel E820 map.
 */
static void __init __e820__range_add(struct e820_table *table, u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type type)
{
        int x = table->nr_entries;

        if (x >= ARRAY_SIZE(table->entries)) {
                pr_err("too many entries; ignoring [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
                       start, start + size - 1);
                return;
        }

        table->entries[x].addr = start;
        table->entries[x].size = size;
        table->entries[x].type = type;
        table->nr_entries++;
}

void __init e820__range_add(u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type type)
{
        __e820__range_add(e820_table, start, size, type);
}

static void __init e820_print_type(enum e820_type type)
{
        switch (type) {
        case E820_TYPE_RAM:             /* Fall through: */
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN:   pr_cont("usable");                      break;
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED:        pr_cont("reserved");                    break;
        case E820_TYPE_ACPI:            pr_cont("ACPI data");                   break;
        case E820_TYPE_NVS:             pr_cont("ACPI NVS");                    break;
        case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE:        pr_cont("unusable");                    break;
        case E820_TYPE_PMEM:            /* Fall through: */
        case E820_TYPE_PRAM:            pr_cont("persistent (type %u)", type);  break;
        default:                        pr_cont("type %u", type);               break;
        }
}

void __init e820__print_table(char *who)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                pr_info("%s: [mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx] ",
                        who,
                        e820_table->entries[i].addr,
                        e820_table->entries[i].addr + e820_table->entries[i].size - 1);

                e820_print_type(e820_table->entries[i].type);
                pr_cont("\n");
        }
}

/*
 * Sanitize an E820 map.
 *
 * Some E820 layouts include overlapping entries. The following
 * replaces the original E820 map with a new one, removing overlaps,
 * and resolving conflicting memory types in favor of highest
 * numbered type.
 *
 * The input parameter 'entries' points to an array of 'struct
 * e820_entry' which on entry has elements in the range [0, *nr_entries)
 * valid, and which has space for up to max_nr_entries entries.
 * On return, the resulting sanitized E820 map entries will be in
 * overwritten in the same location, starting at 'entries'.
 *
 * The integer pointed to by nr_entries must be valid on entry (the
 * current number of valid entries located at 'entries'). If the
 * sanitizing succeeds the *nr_entries will be updated with the new
 * number of valid entries (something no more than max_nr_entries).
 *
 * The return value from e820__update_table() is zero if it
 * successfully 'sanitized' the map entries passed in, and is -1
 * if it did nothing, which can happen if either of (1) it was
 * only passed one map entry, or (2) any of the input map entries
 * were invalid (start + size < start, meaning that the size was
 * so big the described memory range wrapped around through zero.)
 *
 *      Visually we're performing the following
 *      (1,2,3,4 = memory types)...
 *
 *      Sample memory map (w/overlaps):
 *         ____22__________________
 *         ______________________4_
 *         ____1111________________
 *         _44_____________________
 *         11111111________________
 *         ____________________33__
 *         ___________44___________
 *         __________33333_________
 *         ______________22________
 *         ___________________2222_
 *         _________111111111______
 *         _____________________11_
 *         _________________4______
 *
 *      Sanitized equivalent (no overlap):
 *         1_______________________
 *         _44_____________________
 *         ___1____________________
 *         ____22__________________
 *         ______11________________
 *         _________1______________
 *         __________3_____________
 *         ___________44___________
 *         _____________33_________
 *         _______________2________
 *         ________________1_______
 *         _________________4______
 *         ___________________2____
 *         ____________________33__
 *         ______________________4_
 */
struct change_member {
        /* Pointer to the original entry: */
        struct e820_entry       *entry;
        /* Address for this change point: */
        unsigned long long      addr;
};

static struct change_member     change_point_list[2*E820_MAX_ENTRIES]   __initdata;
static struct change_member     *change_point[2*E820_MAX_ENTRIES]       __initdata;
static struct e820_entry        *overlap_list[E820_MAX_ENTRIES]         __initdata;
static struct e820_entry        new_entries[E820_MAX_ENTRIES]           __initdata;

static int __init cpcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        struct change_member * const *app = a, * const *bpp = b;
        const struct change_member *ap = *app, *bp = *bpp;

        /*
         * Inputs are pointers to two elements of change_point[].  If their
         * addresses are not equal, their difference dominates.  If the addresses
         * are equal, then consider one that represents the end of its region
         * to be greater than one that does not.
         */
        if (ap->addr != bp->addr)
                return ap->addr > bp->addr ? 1 : -1;

        return (ap->addr != ap->entry->addr) - (bp->addr != bp->entry->addr);
}

int __init e820__update_table(struct e820_table *table)
{
        struct e820_entry *entries = table->entries;
        u32 max_nr_entries = ARRAY_SIZE(table->entries);
        enum e820_type current_type, last_type;
        unsigned long long last_addr;
        u32 new_nr_entries, overlap_entries;
        u32 i, chg_idx, chg_nr;

        /* If there's only one memory region, don't bother: */
        if (table->nr_entries < 2)
                return -1;

        BUG_ON(table->nr_entries > max_nr_entries);

        /* Bail out if we find any unreasonable addresses in the map: */
        for (i = 0; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
                if (entries[i].addr + entries[i].size < entries[i].addr)
                        return -1;
        }

        /* Create pointers for initial change-point information (for sorting): */
        for (i = 0; i < 2 * table->nr_entries; i++)
                change_point[i] = &change_point_list[i];

        /*
         * Record all known change-points (starting and ending addresses),
         * omitting empty memory regions:
         */
        chg_idx = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
                if (entries[i].size != 0) {
                        change_point[chg_idx]->addr     = entries[i].addr;
                        change_point[chg_idx++]->entry  = &entries[i];
                        change_point[chg_idx]->addr     = entries[i].addr + entries[i].size;
                        change_point[chg_idx++]->entry  = &entries[i];
                }
        }
        chg_nr = chg_idx;

        /* Sort change-point list by memory addresses (low -> high): */
        sort(change_point, chg_nr, sizeof(*change_point), cpcompare, NULL);

        /* Create a new memory map, removing overlaps: */
        overlap_entries = 0;     /* Number of entries in the overlap table */
        new_nr_entries = 0;      /* Index for creating new map entries */
        last_type = 0;           /* Start with undefined memory type */
        last_addr = 0;           /* Start with 0 as last starting address */

        /* Loop through change-points, determining effect on the new map: */
        for (chg_idx = 0; chg_idx < chg_nr; chg_idx++) {
                /* Keep track of all overlapping entries */
                if (change_point[chg_idx]->addr == change_point[chg_idx]->entry->addr) {
                        /* Add map entry to overlap list (> 1 entry implies an overlap) */
                        overlap_list[overlap_entries++] = change_point[chg_idx]->entry;
                } else {
                        /* Remove entry from list (order independent, so swap with last): */
                        for (i = 0; i < overlap_entries; i++) {
                                if (overlap_list[i] == change_point[chg_idx]->entry)
                                        overlap_list[i] = overlap_list[overlap_entries-1];
                        }
                        overlap_entries--;
                }
                /*
                 * If there are overlapping entries, decide which
                 * "type" to use (larger value takes precedence --
                 * 1=usable, 2,3,4,4+=unusable)
                 */
                current_type = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < overlap_entries; i++) {
                        if (overlap_list[i]->type > current_type)
                                current_type = overlap_list[i]->type;
                }

                /* Continue building up new map based on this information: */
                if (current_type != last_type || current_type == E820_TYPE_PRAM) {
                        if (last_type != 0)      {
                                new_entries[new_nr_entries].size = change_point[chg_idx]->addr - last_addr;
                                /* Move forward only if the new size was non-zero: */
                                if (new_entries[new_nr_entries].size != 0)
                                        /* No more space left for new entries? */
                                        if (++new_nr_entries >= max_nr_entries)
                                                break;
                        }
                        if (current_type != 0)  {
                                new_entries[new_nr_entries].addr = change_point[chg_idx]->addr;
                                new_entries[new_nr_entries].type = current_type;
                                last_addr = change_point[chg_idx]->addr;
                        }
                        last_type = current_type;
                }
        }

        /* Copy the new entries into the original location: */
        memcpy(entries, new_entries, new_nr_entries*sizeof(*entries));
        table->nr_entries = new_nr_entries;

        return 0;
}

static int __init __append_e820_table(struct boot_e820_entry *entries, u32 nr_entries)
{
        struct boot_e820_entry *entry = entries;

        while (nr_entries) {
                u64 start = entry->addr;
                u64 size = entry->size;
                u64 end = start + size - 1;
                u32 type = entry->type;

                /* Ignore the entry on 64-bit overflow: */
                if (start > end && likely(size))
                        return -1;

                e820__range_add(start, size, type);

                entry++;
                nr_entries--;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Copy the BIOS E820 map into a safe place.
 *
 * Sanity-check it while we're at it..
 *
 * If we're lucky and live on a modern system, the setup code
 * will have given us a memory map that we can use to properly
 * set up memory.  If we aren't, we'll fake a memory map.
 */
static int __init append_e820_table(struct boot_e820_entry *entries, u32 nr_entries)
{
        /* Only one memory region (or negative)? Ignore it */
        if (nr_entries < 2)
                return -1;

        return __append_e820_table(entries, nr_entries);
}

static u64 __init
__e820__range_update(struct e820_table *table, u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type old_type, enum e820_type new_type)
{
        u64 end;
        unsigned int i;
        u64 real_updated_size = 0;

        BUG_ON(old_type == new_type);

        if (size > (ULLONG_MAX - start))
                size = ULLONG_MAX - start;

        end = start + size;
        printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: update [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx] ", start, end - 1);
        e820_print_type(old_type);
        pr_cont(" ==> ");
        e820_print_type(new_type);
        pr_cont("\n");

        for (i = 0; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &table->entries[i];
                u64 final_start, final_end;
                u64 entry_end;

                if (entry->type != old_type)
                        continue;

                entry_end = entry->addr + entry->size;

                /* Completely covered by new range? */
                if (entry->addr >= start && entry_end <= end) {
                        entry->type = new_type;
                        real_updated_size += entry->size;
                        continue;
                }

                /* New range is completely covered? */
                if (entry->addr < start && entry_end > end) {
                        __e820__range_add(table, start, size, new_type);
                        __e820__range_add(table, end, entry_end - end, entry->type);
                        entry->size = start - entry->addr;
                        real_updated_size += size;
                        continue;
                }

                /* Partially covered: */
                final_start = max(start, entry->addr);
                final_end = min(end, entry_end);
                if (final_start >= final_end)
                        continue;

                __e820__range_add(table, final_start, final_end - final_start, new_type);

                real_updated_size += final_end - final_start;

                /*
                 * Left range could be head or tail, so need to update
                 * its size first:
                 */
                entry->size -= final_end - final_start;
                if (entry->addr < final_start)
                        continue;

                entry->addr = final_end;
        }
        return real_updated_size;
}

u64 __init e820__range_update(u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type old_type, enum e820_type new_type)
{
        return __e820__range_update(e820_table, start, size, old_type, new_type);
}

static u64 __init e820__range_update_kexec(u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type old_type, enum e820_type  new_type)
{
        return __e820__range_update(e820_table_kexec, start, size, old_type, new_type);
}

/* Remove a range of memory from the E820 table: */
u64 __init e820__range_remove(u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type old_type, bool check_type)
{
        int i;
        u64 end;
        u64 real_removed_size = 0;

        if (size > (ULLONG_MAX - start))
                size = ULLONG_MAX - start;

        end = start + size;
        printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: remove [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx] ", start, end - 1);
        if (check_type)
                e820_print_type(old_type);
        pr_cont("\n");

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
                u64 final_start, final_end;
                u64 entry_end;

                if (check_type && entry->type != old_type)
                        continue;

                entry_end = entry->addr + entry->size;

                /* Completely covered? */
                if (entry->addr >= start && entry_end <= end) {
                        real_removed_size += entry->size;
                        memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
                        continue;
                }

                /* Is the new range completely covered? */
                if (entry->addr < start && entry_end > end) {
                        e820__range_add(end, entry_end - end, entry->type);
                        entry->size = start - entry->addr;
                        real_removed_size += size;
                        continue;
                }

                /* Partially covered: */
                final_start = max(start, entry->addr);
                final_end = min(end, entry_end);
                if (final_start >= final_end)
                        continue;

                real_removed_size += final_end - final_start;

                /*
                 * Left range could be head or tail, so need to update
                 * the size first:
                 */
                entry->size -= final_end - final_start;
                if (entry->addr < final_start)
                        continue;

                entry->addr = final_end;
        }
        return real_removed_size;
}

void __init e820__update_table_print(void)
{
        if (e820__update_table(e820_table))
                return;

        pr_info("modified physical RAM map:\n");
        e820__print_table("modified");
}

static void __init e820__update_table_kexec(void)
{
        e820__update_table(e820_table_kexec);
}

#define MAX_GAP_END 0x100000000ull

/*
 * Search for a gap in the E820 memory space from 0 to MAX_GAP_END (4GB).
 */
static int __init e820_search_gap(unsigned long *gapstart, unsigned long *gapsize)
{
        unsigned long long last = MAX_GAP_END;
        int i = e820_table->nr_entries;
        int found = 0;

        while (--i >= 0) {
                unsigned long long start = e820_table->entries[i].addr;
                unsigned long long end = start + e820_table->entries[i].size;

                /*
                 * Since "last" is at most 4GB, we know we'll
                 * fit in 32 bits if this condition is true:
                 */
                if (last > end) {
                        unsigned long gap = last - end;

                        if (gap >= *gapsize) {
                                *gapsize = gap;
                                *gapstart = end;
                                found = 1;
                        }
                }
                if (start < last)
                        last = start;
        }
        return found;
}

/*
 * Search for the biggest gap in the low 32 bits of the E820
 * memory space. We pass this space to the PCI subsystem, so
 * that it can assign MMIO resources for hotplug or
 * unconfigured devices in.
 *
 * Hopefully the BIOS let enough space left.
 */
__init void e820__setup_pci_gap(void)
{
        unsigned long gapstart, gapsize;
        int found;

        gapsize = 0x400000;
        found  = e820_search_gap(&gapstart, &gapsize);

        if (!found) {
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
                gapstart = (max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + 1024*1024;
                pr_err("Cannot find an available gap in the 32-bit address range\n");
                pr_err("PCI devices with unassigned 32-bit BARs may not work!\n");
#else
                gapstart = 0x10000000;
#endif
        }

        /*
         * e820__reserve_resources_late() protects stolen RAM already:
         */
        pci_mem_start = gapstart;

        pr_info("[mem %#010lx-%#010lx] available for PCI devices\n",
                gapstart, gapstart + gapsize - 1);
}

/*
 * Called late during init, in free_initmem().
 *
 * Initial e820_table and e820_table_kexec are largish __initdata arrays.
 *
 * Copy them to a (usually much smaller) dynamically allocated area that is
 * sized precisely after the number of e820 entries.
 *
 * This is done after we've performed all the fixes and tweaks to the tables.
 * All functions which modify them are __init functions, which won't exist
 * after free_initmem().
 */
__init void e820__reallocate_tables(void)
{
        struct e820_table *n;
        int size;

        size = offsetof(struct e820_table, entries) + sizeof(struct e820_entry)*e820_table->nr_entries;
        n = kmemdup(e820_table, size, GFP_KERNEL);
        BUG_ON(!n);
        e820_table = n;

        size = offsetof(struct e820_table, entries) + sizeof(struct e820_entry)*e820_table_kexec->nr_entries;
        n = kmemdup(e820_table_kexec, size, GFP_KERNEL);
        BUG_ON(!n);
        e820_table_kexec = n;

        size = offsetof(struct e820_table, entries) + sizeof(struct e820_entry)*e820_table_firmware->nr_entries;
        n = kmemdup(e820_table_firmware, size, GFP_KERNEL);
        BUG_ON(!n);
        e820_table_firmware = n;
}

/*
 * Because of the small fixed size of struct boot_params, only the first
 * 128 E820 memory entries are passed to the kernel via boot_params.e820_table,
 * the remaining (if any) entries are passed via the SETUP_E820_EXT node of
 * struct setup_data, which is parsed here.
 */
void __init e820__memory_setup_extended(u64 phys_addr, u32 data_len)
{
        int entries;
        struct boot_e820_entry *extmap;
        struct setup_data *sdata;

        sdata = early_memremap(phys_addr, data_len);
        entries = sdata->len / sizeof(*extmap);
        extmap = (struct boot_e820_entry *)(sdata->data);

        __append_e820_table(extmap, entries);
        e820__update_table(e820_table);

        memcpy(e820_table_kexec, e820_table, sizeof(*e820_table_kexec));
        memcpy(e820_table_firmware, e820_table, sizeof(*e820_table_firmware));

        early_memunmap(sdata, data_len);
        pr_info("extended physical RAM map:\n");
        e820__print_table("extended");
}

/*
 * Find the ranges of physical addresses that do not correspond to
 * E820 RAM areas and register the corresponding pages as 'nosave' for
 * hibernation (32-bit) or software suspend and suspend to RAM (64-bit).
 *
 * This function requires the E820 map to be sorted and without any
 * overlapping entries.
 */
void __init e820__register_nosave_regions(unsigned long limit_pfn)
{
        int i;
        unsigned long pfn = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];

                if (pfn < PFN_UP(entry->addr))
                        register_nosave_region(pfn, PFN_UP(entry->addr));

                pfn = PFN_DOWN(entry->addr + entry->size);

                if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM && entry->type != E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN)
                        register_nosave_region(PFN_UP(entry->addr), pfn);

                if (pfn >= limit_pfn)
                        break;
        }
}

#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI
/*
 * Register ACPI NVS memory regions, so that we can save/restore them during
 * hibernation and the subsequent resume:
 */
static int __init e820__register_nvs_regions(void)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];

                if (entry->type == E820_TYPE_NVS)
                        acpi_nvs_register(entry->addr, entry->size);
        }

        return 0;
}
core_initcall(e820__register_nvs_regions);
#endif

/*
 * Allocate the requested number of bytes with the requsted alignment
 * and return (the physical address) to the caller. Also register this
 * range in the 'kexec' E820 table as a reserved range.
 *
 * This allows kexec to fake a new mptable, as if it came from the real
 * system.
 */
u64 __init e820__memblock_alloc_reserved(u64 size, u64 align)
{
        u64 addr;

        addr = memblock_phys_alloc(size, align);
        if (addr) {
                e820__range_update_kexec(addr, size, E820_TYPE_RAM, E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
                pr_info("update e820_table_kexec for e820__memblock_alloc_reserved()\n");
                e820__update_table_kexec();
        }

        return addr;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
# ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
#  define MAX_ARCH_PFN          (1ULL<<(36-PAGE_SHIFT))
# else
#  define MAX_ARCH_PFN          (1ULL<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT))
# endif
#else /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
# define MAX_ARCH_PFN MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT
#endif

/*
 * Find the highest page frame number we have available
 */
static unsigned long __init e820_end_pfn(unsigned long limit_pfn, enum e820_type type)
{
        int i;
        unsigned long last_pfn = 0;
        unsigned long max_arch_pfn = MAX_ARCH_PFN;

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
                unsigned long start_pfn;
                unsigned long end_pfn;

                if (entry->type != type)
                        continue;

                start_pfn = entry->addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                end_pfn = (entry->addr + entry->size) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

                if (start_pfn >= limit_pfn)
                        continue;
                if (end_pfn > limit_pfn) {
                        last_pfn = limit_pfn;
                        break;
                }
                if (end_pfn > last_pfn)
                        last_pfn = end_pfn;
        }

        if (last_pfn > max_arch_pfn)
                last_pfn = max_arch_pfn;

        pr_info("last_pfn = %#lx max_arch_pfn = %#lx\n",
                last_pfn, max_arch_pfn);
        return last_pfn;
}

unsigned long __init e820__end_of_ram_pfn(void)
{
        return e820_end_pfn(MAX_ARCH_PFN, E820_TYPE_RAM);
}

unsigned long __init e820__end_of_low_ram_pfn(void)
{
        return e820_end_pfn(1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT), E820_TYPE_RAM);
}

static void __init early_panic(char *msg)
{
        early_printk(msg);
        panic(msg);
}

static int userdef __initdata;

/* The "mem=nopentium" boot option disables 4MB page tables on 32-bit kernels: */
static int __init parse_memopt(char *p)
{
        u64 mem_size;

        if (!p)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!strcmp(p, "nopentium")) {
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
                setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_PSE);
                return 0;
#else
                pr_warn("mem=nopentium ignored! (only supported on x86_32)\n");
                return -EINVAL;
#endif
        }

        userdef = 1;
        mem_size = memparse(p, &p);

        /* Don't remove all memory when getting "mem={invalid}" parameter: */
        if (mem_size == 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        e820__range_remove(mem_size, ULLONG_MAX - mem_size, E820_TYPE_RAM, 1);

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
        max_mem_size = mem_size;
#endif

        return 0;
}
early_param("mem", parse_memopt);

static int __init parse_memmap_one(char *p)
{
        char *oldp;
        u64 start_at, mem_size;

        if (!p)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!strncmp(p, "exactmap", 8)) {
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
                /*
                 * If we are doing a crash dump, we still need to know
                 * the real memory size before the original memory map is
                 * reset.
                 */
                saved_max_pfn = e820__end_of_ram_pfn();
#endif
                e820_table->nr_entries = 0;
                userdef = 1;
                return 0;
        }

        oldp = p;
        mem_size = memparse(p, &p);
        if (p == oldp)
                return -EINVAL;

        userdef = 1;
        if (*p == '@') {
                start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
                e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_RAM);
        } else if (*p == '#') {
                start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
                e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_ACPI);
        } else if (*p == '$') {
                start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
                e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
        } else if (*p == '!') {
                start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
                e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_PRAM);
        } else if (*p == '%') {
                enum e820_type from = 0, to = 0;

                start_at = memparse(p + 1, &p);
                if (*p == '-')
                        from = simple_strtoull(p + 1, &p, 0);
                if (*p == '+')
                        to = simple_strtoull(p + 1, &p, 0);
                if (*p != '\0')
                        return -EINVAL;
                if (from && to)
                        e820__range_update(start_at, mem_size, from, to);
                else if (to)
                        e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, to);
                else if (from)
                        e820__range_remove(start_at, mem_size, from, 1);
                else
                        e820__range_remove(start_at, mem_size, 0, 0);
        } else {
                e820__range_remove(mem_size, ULLONG_MAX - mem_size, E820_TYPE_RAM, 1);
        }

        return *p == '\0' ? 0 : -EINVAL;
}

static int __init parse_memmap_opt(char *str)
{
        while (str) {
                char *k = strchr(str, ',');

                if (k)
                        *k++ = 0;

                parse_memmap_one(str);
                str = k;
        }

        return 0;
}
early_param("memmap", parse_memmap_opt);

/*
 * Reserve all entries from the bootloader's extensible data nodes list,
 * because if present we are going to use it later on to fetch e820
 * entries from it:
 */
void __init e820__reserve_setup_data(void)
{
        struct setup_data *data;
        u64 pa_data;

        pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
        if (!pa_data)
                return;

        while (pa_data) {
                data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
                e820__range_update(pa_data, sizeof(*data)+data->len, E820_TYPE_RAM, E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN);

                e820__range_update_kexec(pa_data, sizeof(*data)+data->len, E820_TYPE_RAM, E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN);
                pa_data = data->next;
                early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
        }

        e820__update_table(e820_table);
        e820__update_table(e820_table_kexec);

        pr_info("extended physical RAM map:\n");
        e820__print_table("reserve setup_data");
}

/*
 * Called after parse_early_param(), after early parameters (such as mem=)
 * have been processed, in which case we already have an E820 table filled in
 * via the parameter callback function(s), but it's not sorted and printed yet:
 */
void __init e820__finish_early_params(void)
{
        if (userdef) {
                if (e820__update_table(e820_table) < 0)
                        early_panic("Invalid user supplied memory map");

                pr_info("user-defined physical RAM map:\n");
                e820__print_table("user");
        }
}

static const char *__init e820_type_to_string(struct e820_entry *entry)
{
        switch (entry->type) {
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN:   /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_RAM:             return "System RAM";
        case E820_TYPE_ACPI:            return "ACPI Tables";
        case E820_TYPE_NVS:             return "ACPI Non-volatile Storage";
        case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE:        return "Unusable memory";
        case E820_TYPE_PRAM:            return "Persistent Memory (legacy)";
        case E820_TYPE_PMEM:            return "Persistent Memory";
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED:        return "Reserved";
        default:                        return "Unknown E820 type";
        }
}

static unsigned long __init e820_type_to_iomem_type(struct e820_entry *entry)
{
        switch (entry->type) {
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN:   /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_RAM:             return IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM;
        case E820_TYPE_ACPI:            /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_NVS:             /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE:        /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_PRAM:            /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_PMEM:            /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED:        /* Fall-through: */
        default:                        return IORESOURCE_MEM;
        }
}

static unsigned long __init e820_type_to_iores_desc(struct e820_entry *entry)
{
        switch (entry->type) {
        case E820_TYPE_ACPI:            return IORES_DESC_ACPI_TABLES;
        case E820_TYPE_NVS:             return IORES_DESC_ACPI_NV_STORAGE;
        case E820_TYPE_PMEM:            return IORES_DESC_PERSISTENT_MEMORY;
        case E820_TYPE_PRAM:            return IORES_DESC_PERSISTENT_MEMORY_LEGACY;
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED:        return IORES_DESC_RESERVED;
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN:   /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_RAM:             /* Fall-through: */
        case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE:        /* Fall-through: */
        default:                        return IORES_DESC_NONE;
        }
}

static bool __init do_mark_busy(enum e820_type type, struct resource *res)
{
        /* this is the legacy bios/dos rom-shadow + mmio region */
        if (res->start < (1ULL<<20))
                return true;

        /*
         * Treat persistent memory like device memory, i.e. reserve it
         * for exclusive use of a driver
         */
        switch (type) {
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED:
        case E820_TYPE_PRAM:
        case E820_TYPE_PMEM:
                return false;
        case E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN:
        case E820_TYPE_RAM:
        case E820_TYPE_ACPI:
        case E820_TYPE_NVS:
        case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE:
        default:
                return true;
        }
}

/*
 * Mark E820 reserved areas as busy for the resource manager:
 */

static struct resource __initdata *e820_res;

void __init e820__reserve_resources(void)
{
        int i;
        struct resource *res;
        u64 end;

        res = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*res) * e820_table->nr_entries,
                             SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
        if (!res)
                panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
                      sizeof(*res) * e820_table->nr_entries);
        e820_res = res;

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = e820_table->entries + i;

                end = entry->addr + entry->size - 1;
                if (end != (resource_size_t)end) {
                        res++;
                        continue;
                }
                res->start = entry->addr;
                res->end   = end;
                res->name  = e820_type_to_string(entry);
                res->flags = e820_type_to_iomem_type(entry);
                res->desc  = e820_type_to_iores_desc(entry);

                /*
                 * Don't register the region that could be conflicted with
                 * PCI device BAR resources and insert them later in
                 * pcibios_resource_survey():
                 */
                if (do_mark_busy(entry->type, res)) {
                        res->flags |= IORESOURCE_BUSY;
                        insert_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
                }
                res++;
        }

        /* Expose the bootloader-provided memory layout to the sysfs. */
        for (i = 0; i < e820_table_firmware->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = e820_table_firmware->entries + i;

                firmware_map_add_early(entry->addr, entry->addr + entry->size, e820_type_to_string(entry));
        }
}

/*
 * How much should we pad the end of RAM, depending on where it is?
 */
static unsigned long __init ram_alignment(resource_size_t pos)
{
        unsigned long mb = pos >> 20;

        /* To 64kB in the first megabyte */
        if (!mb)
                return 64*1024;

        /* To 1MB in the first 16MB */
        if (mb < 16)
                return 1024*1024;

        /* To 64MB for anything above that */
        return 64*1024*1024;
}

#define MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE ((resource_size_t)-1)

void __init e820__reserve_resources_late(void)
{
        int i;
        struct resource *res;

        res = e820_res;
        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                if (!res->parent && res->end)
                        insert_resource_expand_to_fit(&iomem_resource, res);
                res++;
        }

        /*
         * Try to bump up RAM regions to reasonable boundaries, to
         * avoid stolen RAM:
         */
        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
                u64 start, end;

                if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
                        continue;

                start = entry->addr + entry->size;
                end = round_up(start, ram_alignment(start)) - 1;
                if (end > MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE)
                        end = MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE;
                if (start >= end)
                        continue;

                printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", start, end);
                reserve_region_with_split(&iomem_resource, start, end, "RAM buffer");
        }
}

/*
 * Pass the firmware (bootloader) E820 map to the kernel and process it:
 */
char *__init e820__memory_setup_default(void)
{
        char *who = "BIOS-e820";

        /*
         * Try to copy the BIOS-supplied E820-map.
         *
         * Otherwise fake a memory map; one section from 0k->640k,
         * the next section from 1mb->appropriate_mem_k
         */
        if (append_e820_table(boot_params.e820_table, boot_params.e820_entries) < 0) {
                u64 mem_size;

                /* Compare results from other methods and take the one that gives more RAM: */
                if (boot_params.alt_mem_k < boot_params.screen_info.ext_mem_k) {
                        mem_size = boot_params.screen_info.ext_mem_k;
                        who = "BIOS-88";
                } else {
                        mem_size = boot_params.alt_mem_k;
                        who = "BIOS-e801";
                }

                e820_table->nr_entries = 0;
                e820__range_add(0, LOWMEMSIZE(), E820_TYPE_RAM);
                e820__range_add(HIGH_MEMORY, mem_size << 10, E820_TYPE_RAM);
        }

        /* We just appended a lot of ranges, sanitize the table: */
        e820__update_table(e820_table);

        return who;
}

/*
 * Calls e820__memory_setup_default() in essence to pick up the firmware/bootloader
 * E820 map - with an optional platform quirk available for virtual platforms
 * to override this method of boot environment processing:
 */
void __init e820__memory_setup(void)
{
        char *who;

        /* This is a firmware interface ABI - make sure we don't break it: */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct boot_e820_entry) != 20);

        who = x86_init.resources.memory_setup();

        memcpy(e820_table_kexec, e820_table, sizeof(*e820_table_kexec));
        memcpy(e820_table_firmware, e820_table, sizeof(*e820_table_firmware));

        pr_info("BIOS-provided physical RAM map:\n");
        e820__print_table(who);
}

void __init e820__memblock_setup(void)
{
        int i;
        u64 end;

        /*
         * The bootstrap memblock region count maximum is 128 entries
         * (INIT_MEMBLOCK_REGIONS), but EFI might pass us more E820 entries
         * than that - so allow memblock resizing.
         *
         * This is safe, because this call happens pretty late during x86 setup,
         * so we know about reserved memory regions already. (This is important
         * so that memblock resizing does no stomp over reserved areas.)
         */
        memblock_allow_resize();

        for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
                struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];

                end = entry->addr + entry->size;
                if (end != (resource_size_t)end)
                        continue;

                if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM && entry->type != E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN)
                        continue;

                memblock_add(entry->addr, entry->size);
        }

        /* Throw away partial pages: */
        memblock_trim_memory(PAGE_SIZE);

        memblock_dump_all();
}