linux/kernel/taskstats.c
<<
>>
Prefs
   1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   2/*
   3 * taskstats.c - Export per-task statistics to userland
   4 *
   5 * Copyright (C) Shailabh Nagar, IBM Corp. 2006
   6 *           (C) Balbir Singh,   IBM Corp. 2006
   7 */
   8
   9#include <linux/kernel.h>
  10#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
  11#include <linux/tsacct_kern.h>
  12#include <linux/delayacct.h>
  13#include <linux/cpumask.h>
  14#include <linux/percpu.h>
  15#include <linux/slab.h>
  16#include <linux/cgroupstats.h>
  17#include <linux/cgroup.h>
  18#include <linux/fs.h>
  19#include <linux/file.h>
  20#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
  21#include <net/genetlink.h>
  22#include <linux/atomic.h>
  23#include <linux/sched/cputime.h>
  24
  25/*
  26 * Maximum length of a cpumask that can be specified in
  27 * the TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER/DEREGISTER_CPUMASK attribute
  28 */
  29#define TASKSTATS_CPUMASK_MAXLEN        (100+6*NR_CPUS)
  30
  31static DEFINE_PER_CPU(__u32, taskstats_seqnum);
  32static int family_registered;
  33struct kmem_cache *taskstats_cache;
  34
  35static struct genl_family family;
  36
  37static const struct nla_policy taskstats_cmd_get_policy[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX+1] = {
  38        [TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID]  = { .type = NLA_U32 },
  39        [TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID] = { .type = NLA_U32 },
  40        [TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER_CPUMASK] = { .type = NLA_STRING },
  41        [TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_DEREGISTER_CPUMASK] = { .type = NLA_STRING },};
  42
  43/*
  44 * We have to use TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX here, it is the maxattr in the family.
  45 * Make sure they are always aligned.
  46 */
  47static const struct nla_policy cgroupstats_cmd_get_policy[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX+1] = {
  48        [CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_FD] = { .type = NLA_U32 },
  49};
  50
  51struct listener {
  52        struct list_head list;
  53        pid_t pid;
  54        char valid;
  55};
  56
  57struct listener_list {
  58        struct rw_semaphore sem;
  59        struct list_head list;
  60};
  61static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct listener_list, listener_array);
  62
  63enum actions {
  64        REGISTER,
  65        DEREGISTER,
  66        CPU_DONT_CARE
  67};
  68
  69static int prepare_reply(struct genl_info *info, u8 cmd, struct sk_buff **skbp,
  70                                size_t size)
  71{
  72        struct sk_buff *skb;
  73        void *reply;
  74
  75        /*
  76         * If new attributes are added, please revisit this allocation
  77         */
  78        skb = genlmsg_new(size, GFP_KERNEL);
  79        if (!skb)
  80                return -ENOMEM;
  81
  82        if (!info) {
  83                int seq = this_cpu_inc_return(taskstats_seqnum) - 1;
  84
  85                reply = genlmsg_put(skb, 0, seq, &family, 0, cmd);
  86        } else
  87                reply = genlmsg_put_reply(skb, info, &family, 0, cmd);
  88        if (reply == NULL) {
  89                nlmsg_free(skb);
  90                return -EINVAL;
  91        }
  92
  93        *skbp = skb;
  94        return 0;
  95}
  96
  97/*
  98 * Send taskstats data in @skb to listener with nl_pid @pid
  99 */
 100static int send_reply(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
 101{
 102        struct genlmsghdr *genlhdr = nlmsg_data(nlmsg_hdr(skb));
 103        void *reply = genlmsg_data(genlhdr);
 104
 105        genlmsg_end(skb, reply);
 106
 107        return genlmsg_reply(skb, info);
 108}
 109
 110/*
 111 * Send taskstats data in @skb to listeners registered for @cpu's exit data
 112 */
 113static void send_cpu_listeners(struct sk_buff *skb,
 114                                        struct listener_list *listeners)
 115{
 116        struct genlmsghdr *genlhdr = nlmsg_data(nlmsg_hdr(skb));
 117        struct listener *s, *tmp;
 118        struct sk_buff *skb_next, *skb_cur = skb;
 119        void *reply = genlmsg_data(genlhdr);
 120        int rc, delcount = 0;
 121
 122        genlmsg_end(skb, reply);
 123
 124        rc = 0;
 125        down_read(&listeners->sem);
 126        list_for_each_entry(s, &listeners->list, list) {
 127                skb_next = NULL;
 128                if (!list_is_last(&s->list, &listeners->list)) {
 129                        skb_next = skb_clone(skb_cur, GFP_KERNEL);
 130                        if (!skb_next)
 131                                break;
 132                }
 133                rc = genlmsg_unicast(&init_net, skb_cur, s->pid);
 134                if (rc == -ECONNREFUSED) {
 135                        s->valid = 0;
 136                        delcount++;
 137                }
 138                skb_cur = skb_next;
 139        }
 140        up_read(&listeners->sem);
 141
 142        if (skb_cur)
 143                nlmsg_free(skb_cur);
 144
 145        if (!delcount)
 146                return;
 147
 148        /* Delete invalidated entries */
 149        down_write(&listeners->sem);
 150        list_for_each_entry_safe(s, tmp, &listeners->list, list) {
 151                if (!s->valid) {
 152                        list_del(&s->list);
 153                        kfree(s);
 154                }
 155        }
 156        up_write(&listeners->sem);
 157}
 158
 159static void fill_stats(struct user_namespace *user_ns,
 160                       struct pid_namespace *pid_ns,
 161                       struct task_struct *tsk, struct taskstats *stats)
 162{
 163        memset(stats, 0, sizeof(*stats));
 164        /*
 165         * Each accounting subsystem adds calls to its functions to
 166         * fill in relevant parts of struct taskstsats as follows
 167         *
 168         *      per-task-foo(stats, tsk);
 169         */
 170
 171        delayacct_add_tsk(stats, tsk);
 172
 173        /* fill in basic acct fields */
 174        stats->version = TASKSTATS_VERSION;
 175        stats->nvcsw = tsk->nvcsw;
 176        stats->nivcsw = tsk->nivcsw;
 177        bacct_add_tsk(user_ns, pid_ns, stats, tsk);
 178
 179        /* fill in extended acct fields */
 180        xacct_add_tsk(stats, tsk);
 181}
 182
 183static int fill_stats_for_pid(pid_t pid, struct taskstats *stats)
 184{
 185        struct task_struct *tsk;
 186
 187        tsk = find_get_task_by_vpid(pid);
 188        if (!tsk)
 189                return -ESRCH;
 190        fill_stats(current_user_ns(), task_active_pid_ns(current), tsk, stats);
 191        put_task_struct(tsk);
 192        return 0;
 193}
 194
 195static int fill_stats_for_tgid(pid_t tgid, struct taskstats *stats)
 196{
 197        struct task_struct *tsk, *first;
 198        unsigned long flags;
 199        int rc = -ESRCH;
 200        u64 delta, utime, stime;
 201        u64 start_time;
 202
 203        /*
 204         * Add additional stats from live tasks except zombie thread group
 205         * leaders who are already counted with the dead tasks
 206         */
 207        rcu_read_lock();
 208        first = find_task_by_vpid(tgid);
 209
 210        if (!first || !lock_task_sighand(first, &flags))
 211                goto out;
 212
 213        if (first->signal->stats)
 214                memcpy(stats, first->signal->stats, sizeof(*stats));
 215        else
 216                memset(stats, 0, sizeof(*stats));
 217
 218        tsk = first;
 219        start_time = ktime_get_ns();
 220        do {
 221                if (tsk->exit_state)
 222                        continue;
 223                /*
 224                 * Accounting subsystem can call its functions here to
 225                 * fill in relevant parts of struct taskstsats as follows
 226                 *
 227                 *      per-task-foo(stats, tsk);
 228                 */
 229                delayacct_add_tsk(stats, tsk);
 230
 231                /* calculate task elapsed time in nsec */
 232                delta = start_time - tsk->start_time;
 233                /* Convert to micro seconds */
 234                do_div(delta, NSEC_PER_USEC);
 235                stats->ac_etime += delta;
 236
 237                task_cputime(tsk, &utime, &stime);
 238                stats->ac_utime += div_u64(utime, NSEC_PER_USEC);
 239                stats->ac_stime += div_u64(stime, NSEC_PER_USEC);
 240
 241                stats->nvcsw += tsk->nvcsw;
 242                stats->nivcsw += tsk->nivcsw;
 243        } while_each_thread(first, tsk);
 244
 245        unlock_task_sighand(first, &flags);
 246        rc = 0;
 247out:
 248        rcu_read_unlock();
 249
 250        stats->version = TASKSTATS_VERSION;
 251        /*
 252         * Accounting subsystems can also add calls here to modify
 253         * fields of taskstats.
 254         */
 255        return rc;
 256}
 257
 258static void fill_tgid_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
 259{
 260        unsigned long flags;
 261
 262        spin_lock_irqsave(&tsk->sighand->siglock, flags);
 263        if (!tsk->signal->stats)
 264                goto ret;
 265
 266        /*
 267         * Each accounting subsystem calls its functions here to
 268         * accumalate its per-task stats for tsk, into the per-tgid structure
 269         *
 270         *      per-task-foo(tsk->signal->stats, tsk);
 271         */
 272        delayacct_add_tsk(tsk->signal->stats, tsk);
 273ret:
 274        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tsk->sighand->siglock, flags);
 275        return;
 276}
 277
 278static int add_del_listener(pid_t pid, const struct cpumask *mask, int isadd)
 279{
 280        struct listener_list *listeners;
 281        struct listener *s, *tmp, *s2;
 282        unsigned int cpu;
 283        int ret = 0;
 284
 285        if (!cpumask_subset(mask, cpu_possible_mask))
 286                return -EINVAL;
 287
 288        if (current_user_ns() != &init_user_ns)
 289                return -EINVAL;
 290
 291        if (task_active_pid_ns(current) != &init_pid_ns)
 292                return -EINVAL;
 293
 294        if (isadd == REGISTER) {
 295                for_each_cpu(cpu, mask) {
 296                        s = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct listener),
 297                                        GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
 298                        if (!s) {
 299                                ret = -ENOMEM;
 300                                goto cleanup;
 301                        }
 302                        s->pid = pid;
 303                        s->valid = 1;
 304
 305                        listeners = &per_cpu(listener_array, cpu);
 306                        down_write(&listeners->sem);
 307                        list_for_each_entry(s2, &listeners->list, list) {
 308                                if (s2->pid == pid && s2->valid)
 309                                        goto exists;
 310                        }
 311                        list_add(&s->list, &listeners->list);
 312                        s = NULL;
 313exists:
 314                        up_write(&listeners->sem);
 315                        kfree(s); /* nop if NULL */
 316                }
 317                return 0;
 318        }
 319
 320        /* Deregister or cleanup */
 321cleanup:
 322        for_each_cpu(cpu, mask) {
 323                listeners = &per_cpu(listener_array, cpu);
 324                down_write(&listeners->sem);
 325                list_for_each_entry_safe(s, tmp, &listeners->list, list) {
 326                        if (s->pid == pid) {
 327                                list_del(&s->list);
 328                                kfree(s);
 329                                break;
 330                        }
 331                }
 332                up_write(&listeners->sem);
 333        }
 334        return ret;
 335}
 336
 337static int parse(struct nlattr *na, struct cpumask *mask)
 338{
 339        char *data;
 340        int len;
 341        int ret;
 342
 343        if (na == NULL)
 344                return 1;
 345        len = nla_len(na);
 346        if (len > TASKSTATS_CPUMASK_MAXLEN)
 347                return -E2BIG;
 348        if (len < 1)
 349                return -EINVAL;
 350        data = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
 351        if (!data)
 352                return -ENOMEM;
 353        nla_strlcpy(data, na, len);
 354        ret = cpulist_parse(data, mask);
 355        kfree(data);
 356        return ret;
 357}
 358
 359static struct taskstats *mk_reply(struct sk_buff *skb, int type, u32 pid)
 360{
 361        struct nlattr *na, *ret;
 362        int aggr;
 363
 364        aggr = (type == TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID)
 365                        ? TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID
 366                        : TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID;
 367
 368        na = nla_nest_start_noflag(skb, aggr);
 369        if (!na)
 370                goto err;
 371
 372        if (nla_put(skb, type, sizeof(pid), &pid) < 0) {
 373                nla_nest_cancel(skb, na);
 374                goto err;
 375        }
 376        ret = nla_reserve_64bit(skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS,
 377                                sizeof(struct taskstats), TASKSTATS_TYPE_NULL);
 378        if (!ret) {
 379                nla_nest_cancel(skb, na);
 380                goto err;
 381        }
 382        nla_nest_end(skb, na);
 383
 384        return nla_data(ret);
 385err:
 386        return NULL;
 387}
 388
 389static int cgroupstats_user_cmd(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
 390{
 391        int rc = 0;
 392        struct sk_buff *rep_skb;
 393        struct cgroupstats *stats;
 394        struct nlattr *na;
 395        size_t size;
 396        u32 fd;
 397        struct fd f;
 398
 399        na = info->attrs[CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_FD];
 400        if (!na)
 401                return -EINVAL;
 402
 403        fd = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_FD]);
 404        f = fdget(fd);
 405        if (!f.file)
 406                return 0;
 407
 408        size = nla_total_size(sizeof(struct cgroupstats));
 409
 410        rc = prepare_reply(info, CGROUPSTATS_CMD_NEW, &rep_skb,
 411                                size);
 412        if (rc < 0)
 413                goto err;
 414
 415        na = nla_reserve(rep_skb, CGROUPSTATS_TYPE_CGROUP_STATS,
 416                                sizeof(struct cgroupstats));
 417        if (na == NULL) {
 418                nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
 419                rc = -EMSGSIZE;
 420                goto err;
 421        }
 422
 423        stats = nla_data(na);
 424        memset(stats, 0, sizeof(*stats));
 425
 426        rc = cgroupstats_build(stats, f.file->f_path.dentry);
 427        if (rc < 0) {
 428                nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
 429                goto err;
 430        }
 431
 432        rc = send_reply(rep_skb, info);
 433
 434err:
 435        fdput(f);
 436        return rc;
 437}
 438
 439static int cmd_attr_register_cpumask(struct genl_info *info)
 440{
 441        cpumask_var_t mask;
 442        int rc;
 443
 444        if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&mask, GFP_KERNEL))
 445                return -ENOMEM;
 446        rc = parse(info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER_CPUMASK], mask);
 447        if (rc < 0)
 448                goto out;
 449        rc = add_del_listener(info->snd_portid, mask, REGISTER);
 450out:
 451        free_cpumask_var(mask);
 452        return rc;
 453}
 454
 455static int cmd_attr_deregister_cpumask(struct genl_info *info)
 456{
 457        cpumask_var_t mask;
 458        int rc;
 459
 460        if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&mask, GFP_KERNEL))
 461                return -ENOMEM;
 462        rc = parse(info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_DEREGISTER_CPUMASK], mask);
 463        if (rc < 0)
 464                goto out;
 465        rc = add_del_listener(info->snd_portid, mask, DEREGISTER);
 466out:
 467        free_cpumask_var(mask);
 468        return rc;
 469}
 470
 471static size_t taskstats_packet_size(void)
 472{
 473        size_t size;
 474
 475        size = nla_total_size(sizeof(u32)) +
 476                nla_total_size_64bit(sizeof(struct taskstats)) +
 477                nla_total_size(0);
 478
 479        return size;
 480}
 481
 482static int cmd_attr_pid(struct genl_info *info)
 483{
 484        struct taskstats *stats;
 485        struct sk_buff *rep_skb;
 486        size_t size;
 487        u32 pid;
 488        int rc;
 489
 490        size = taskstats_packet_size();
 491
 492        rc = prepare_reply(info, TASKSTATS_CMD_NEW, &rep_skb, size);
 493        if (rc < 0)
 494                return rc;
 495
 496        rc = -EINVAL;
 497        pid = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID]);
 498        stats = mk_reply(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID, pid);
 499        if (!stats)
 500                goto err;
 501
 502        rc = fill_stats_for_pid(pid, stats);
 503        if (rc < 0)
 504                goto err;
 505        return send_reply(rep_skb, info);
 506err:
 507        nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
 508        return rc;
 509}
 510
 511static int cmd_attr_tgid(struct genl_info *info)
 512{
 513        struct taskstats *stats;
 514        struct sk_buff *rep_skb;
 515        size_t size;
 516        u32 tgid;
 517        int rc;
 518
 519        size = taskstats_packet_size();
 520
 521        rc = prepare_reply(info, TASKSTATS_CMD_NEW, &rep_skb, size);
 522        if (rc < 0)
 523                return rc;
 524
 525        rc = -EINVAL;
 526        tgid = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID]);
 527        stats = mk_reply(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID, tgid);
 528        if (!stats)
 529                goto err;
 530
 531        rc = fill_stats_for_tgid(tgid, stats);
 532        if (rc < 0)
 533                goto err;
 534        return send_reply(rep_skb, info);
 535err:
 536        nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
 537        return rc;
 538}
 539
 540static int taskstats_user_cmd(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
 541{
 542        if (info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER_CPUMASK])
 543                return cmd_attr_register_cpumask(info);
 544        else if (info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_DEREGISTER_CPUMASK])
 545                return cmd_attr_deregister_cpumask(info);
 546        else if (info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID])
 547                return cmd_attr_pid(info);
 548        else if (info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID])
 549                return cmd_attr_tgid(info);
 550        else
 551                return -EINVAL;
 552}
 553
 554static struct taskstats *taskstats_tgid_alloc(struct task_struct *tsk)
 555{
 556        struct signal_struct *sig = tsk->signal;
 557        struct taskstats *stats;
 558
 559        if (sig->stats || thread_group_empty(tsk))
 560                goto ret;
 561
 562        /* No problem if kmem_cache_zalloc() fails */
 563        stats = kmem_cache_zalloc(taskstats_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
 564
 565        spin_lock_irq(&tsk->sighand->siglock);
 566        if (!sig->stats) {
 567                sig->stats = stats;
 568                stats = NULL;
 569        }
 570        spin_unlock_irq(&tsk->sighand->siglock);
 571
 572        if (stats)
 573                kmem_cache_free(taskstats_cache, stats);
 574ret:
 575        return sig->stats;
 576}
 577
 578/* Send pid data out on exit */
 579void taskstats_exit(struct task_struct *tsk, int group_dead)
 580{
 581        int rc;
 582        struct listener_list *listeners;
 583        struct taskstats *stats;
 584        struct sk_buff *rep_skb;
 585        size_t size;
 586        int is_thread_group;
 587
 588        if (!family_registered)
 589                return;
 590
 591        /*
 592         * Size includes space for nested attributes
 593         */
 594        size = taskstats_packet_size();
 595
 596        is_thread_group = !!taskstats_tgid_alloc(tsk);
 597        if (is_thread_group) {
 598                /* PID + STATS + TGID + STATS */
 599                size = 2 * size;
 600                /* fill the tsk->signal->stats structure */
 601                fill_tgid_exit(tsk);
 602        }
 603
 604        listeners = raw_cpu_ptr(&listener_array);
 605        if (list_empty(&listeners->list))
 606                return;
 607
 608        rc = prepare_reply(NULL, TASKSTATS_CMD_NEW, &rep_skb, size);
 609        if (rc < 0)
 610                return;
 611
 612        stats = mk_reply(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID,
 613                         task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, &init_pid_ns));
 614        if (!stats)
 615                goto err;
 616
 617        fill_stats(&init_user_ns, &init_pid_ns, tsk, stats);
 618
 619        /*
 620         * Doesn't matter if tsk is the leader or the last group member leaving
 621         */
 622        if (!is_thread_group || !group_dead)
 623                goto send;
 624
 625        stats = mk_reply(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID,
 626                         task_tgid_nr_ns(tsk, &init_pid_ns));
 627        if (!stats)
 628                goto err;
 629
 630        memcpy(stats, tsk->signal->stats, sizeof(*stats));
 631
 632send:
 633        send_cpu_listeners(rep_skb, listeners);
 634        return;
 635err:
 636        nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
 637}
 638
 639static const struct genl_ops taskstats_ops[] = {
 640        {
 641                .cmd            = TASKSTATS_CMD_GET,
 642                .validate = GENL_DONT_VALIDATE_STRICT | GENL_DONT_VALIDATE_DUMP,
 643                .doit           = taskstats_user_cmd,
 644                /* policy enforced later */
 645                .flags          = GENL_ADMIN_PERM | GENL_CMD_CAP_HASPOL,
 646        },
 647        {
 648                .cmd            = CGROUPSTATS_CMD_GET,
 649                .validate = GENL_DONT_VALIDATE_STRICT | GENL_DONT_VALIDATE_DUMP,
 650                .doit           = cgroupstats_user_cmd,
 651                /* policy enforced later */
 652                .flags          = GENL_CMD_CAP_HASPOL,
 653        },
 654};
 655
 656static int taskstats_pre_doit(const struct genl_ops *ops, struct sk_buff *skb,
 657                              struct genl_info *info)
 658{
 659        const struct nla_policy *policy = NULL;
 660
 661        switch (ops->cmd) {
 662        case TASKSTATS_CMD_GET:
 663                policy = taskstats_cmd_get_policy;
 664                break;
 665        case CGROUPSTATS_CMD_GET:
 666                policy = cgroupstats_cmd_get_policy;
 667                break;
 668        default:
 669                return -EINVAL;
 670        }
 671
 672        return nlmsg_validate_deprecated(info->nlhdr, GENL_HDRLEN,
 673                                         TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX, policy,
 674                                         info->extack);
 675}
 676
 677static struct genl_family family __ro_after_init = {
 678        .name           = TASKSTATS_GENL_NAME,
 679        .version        = TASKSTATS_GENL_VERSION,
 680        .maxattr        = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX,
 681        .module         = THIS_MODULE,
 682        .ops            = taskstats_ops,
 683        .n_ops          = ARRAY_SIZE(taskstats_ops),
 684        .pre_doit       = taskstats_pre_doit,
 685};
 686
 687/* Needed early in initialization */
 688void __init taskstats_init_early(void)
 689{
 690        unsigned int i;
 691
 692        taskstats_cache = KMEM_CACHE(taskstats, SLAB_PANIC);
 693        for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
 694                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&(per_cpu(listener_array, i).list));
 695                init_rwsem(&(per_cpu(listener_array, i).sem));
 696        }
 697}
 698
 699static int __init taskstats_init(void)
 700{
 701        int rc;
 702
 703        rc = genl_register_family(&family);
 704        if (rc)
 705                return rc;
 706
 707        family_registered = 1;
 708        pr_info("registered taskstats version %d\n", TASKSTATS_GENL_VERSION);
 709        return 0;
 710}
 711
 712/*
 713 * late initcall ensures initialization of statistics collection
 714 * mechanisms precedes initialization of the taskstats interface
 715 */
 716late_initcall(taskstats_init);
 717