LXR linux/sound/usb/format.c

   1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   2/*
   3 */
   4
   5#include <linux/init.h>
   6#include <linux/slab.h>
   7#include <linux/usb.h>
   8#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
   9#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
  10#include <linux/usb/audio-v3.h>
  11
  12#include <sound/core.h>
  13#include <sound/pcm.h>
  14
  15#include "usbaudio.h"
  16#include "card.h"
  17#include "quirks.h"
  18#include "helper.h"
  19#include "debug.h"
  20#include "clock.h"
  21#include "format.h"
  22
  23/*
  24 * parse the audio format type I descriptor
  25 * and returns the corresponding pcm format
  26 *
  27 * @dev: usb device
  28 * @fp: audioformat record
  29 * @format: the format tag (wFormatTag)
  30 * @fmt: the format type descriptor (v1/v2) or AudioStreaming descriptor (v3)
  31 */
  32static u64 parse_audio_format_i_type(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
  33                                     struct audioformat *fp,
  34                                     u64 format, void *_fmt)
  35{
  36        int sample_width, sample_bytes;
  37        u64 pcm_formats = 0;
  38
  39        switch (fp->protocol) {
  40        case UAC_VERSION_1:
  41        default: {
  42                struct uac_format_type_i_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
  43                sample_width = fmt->bBitResolution;
  44                sample_bytes = fmt->bSubframeSize;
  45                format = 1ULL << format;
  46                break;
  47        }
  48
  49        case UAC_VERSION_2: {
  50                struct uac_format_type_i_ext_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
  51                sample_width = fmt->bBitResolution;
  52                sample_bytes = fmt->bSubslotSize;
  53
  54                if (format & UAC2_FORMAT_TYPE_I_RAW_DATA) {
  55                        pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_SPECIAL;
  56                        /* flag potentially raw DSD capable altsettings */
  57                        fp->dsd_raw = true;
  58                }
  59
  60                format <<= 1;
  61                break;
  62        }
  63        case UAC_VERSION_3: {
  64                struct uac3_as_header_descriptor *as = _fmt;
  65
  66                sample_width = as->bBitResolution;
  67                sample_bytes = as->bSubslotSize;
  68
  69                if (format & UAC3_FORMAT_TYPE_I_RAW_DATA)
  70                        pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_SPECIAL;
  71
  72                format <<= 1;
  73                break;
  74        }
  75        }
  76
  77        fp->fmt_bits = sample_width;
  78
  79        if ((pcm_formats == 0) &&
  80            (format == 0 || format == (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_UNDEFINED))) {
  81                /* some devices don't define this correctly... */
  82                usb_audio_info(chip, "%u:%d : format type 0 is detected, processed as PCM\n",
  83                        fp->iface, fp->altsetting);
  84                format = 1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM;
  85        }
  86        if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM)) {
  87                if (((chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0582, 0x0016)) ||
  88                     /* Edirol SD-90 */
  89                     (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0582, 0x000c))) &&
  90                     /* Roland SC-D70 */
  91                    sample_width == 24 && sample_bytes == 2)
  92                        sample_bytes = 3;
  93                else if (sample_width > sample_bytes * 8) {
  94                        usb_audio_info(chip, "%u:%d : sample bitwidth %d in over sample bytes %d\n",
  95                                 fp->iface, fp->altsetting,
  96                                 sample_width, sample_bytes);
  97                }
  98                /* check the format byte size */
  99                switch (sample_bytes) {
 100                case 1:
 101                        pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S8;
 102                        break;
 103                case 2:
 104                        if (snd_usb_is_big_endian_format(chip, fp))
 105                                pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_BE; /* grrr, big endian!! */
 106                        else
 107                                pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE;
 108                        break;
 109                case 3:
 110                        if (snd_usb_is_big_endian_format(chip, fp))
 111                                pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3BE; /* grrr, big endian!! */
 112                        else
 113                                pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE;
 114                        break;
 115                case 4:
 116                        pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE;
 117                        break;
 118                default:
 119                        usb_audio_info(chip,
 120                                 "%u:%d : unsupported sample bitwidth %d in %d bytes\n",
 121                                 fp->iface, fp->altsetting,
 122                                 sample_width, sample_bytes);
 123                        break;
 124                }
 125        }
 126        if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM8)) {
 127                /* Dallas DS4201 workaround: it advertises U8 format, but really
 128                   supports S8. */
 129                if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x04fa, 0x4201))
 130                        pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S8;
 131                else
 132                        pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8;
 133        }
 134        if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_IEEE_FLOAT)) {
 135                pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_FLOAT_LE;
 136        }
 137        if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_ALAW)) {
 138                pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_A_LAW;
 139        }
 140        if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_MULAW)) {
 141                pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MU_LAW;
 142        }
 143        if (format & ~0x3f) {
 144                usb_audio_info(chip,
 145                         "%u:%d : unsupported format bits %#llx\n",
 146                         fp->iface, fp->altsetting, format);
 147        }
 148
 149        pcm_formats |= snd_usb_interface_dsd_format_quirks(chip, fp, sample_bytes);
 150
 151        return pcm_formats;
 152}
 153
 154
 155/*
 156 * parse the format descriptor and stores the possible sample rates
 157 * on the audioformat table (audio class v1).
 158 *
 159 * @dev: usb device
 160 * @fp: audioformat record
 161 * @fmt: the format descriptor
 162 * @offset: the start offset of descriptor pointing the rate type
 163 *          (7 for type I and II, 8 for type II)
 164 */
 165static int parse_audio_format_rates_v1(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp,
 166                                       unsigned char *fmt, int offset)
 167{
 168        int nr_rates = fmt[offset];
 169
 170        if (fmt[0] < offset + 1 + 3 * (nr_rates ? nr_rates : 2)) {
 171                usb_audio_err(chip,
 172                        "%u:%d : invalid UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
 173                        fp->iface, fp->altsetting);
 174                return -EINVAL;
 175        }
 176
 177        if (nr_rates) {
 178                /*
 179                 * build the rate table and bitmap flags
 180                 */
 181                int r, idx;
 182
 183                fp->rate_table = kmalloc_array(nr_rates, sizeof(int),
 184                                               GFP_KERNEL);
 185                if (fp->rate_table == NULL)
 186                        return -ENOMEM;
 187
 188                fp->nr_rates = 0;
 189                fp->rate_min = fp->rate_max = 0;
 190                for (r = 0, idx = offset + 1; r < nr_rates; r++, idx += 3) {
 191                        unsigned int rate = combine_triple(&fmt[idx]);
 192                        if (!rate)
 193                                continue;
 194                        /* C-Media CM6501 mislabels its 96 kHz altsetting */
 195                        /* Terratec Aureon 7.1 USB C-Media 6206, too */
 196                        if (rate == 48000 && nr_rates == 1 &&
 197                            (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0201) ||
 198                             chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0102) ||
 199                             chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0ccd, 0x00b1)) &&
 200                            fp->altsetting == 5 && fp->maxpacksize == 392)
 201                                rate = 96000;
 202                        /* Creative VF0420/VF0470 Live Cams report 16 kHz instead of 8kHz */
 203                        if (rate == 16000 &&
 204                            (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x4064) ||
 205                             chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x4068)))
 206                                rate = 8000;
 207
 208                        fp->rate_table[fp->nr_rates] = rate;
 209                        if (!fp->rate_min || rate < fp->rate_min)
 210                                fp->rate_min = rate;
 211                        if (!fp->rate_max || rate > fp->rate_max)
 212                                fp->rate_max = rate;
 213                        fp->rates |= snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
 214                        fp->nr_rates++;
 215                }
 216                if (!fp->nr_rates) {
 217                        hwc_debug("All rates were zero. Skipping format!\n");
 218                        return -EINVAL;
 219                }
 220        } else {
 221                /* continuous rates */
 222                fp->rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS;
 223                fp->rate_min = combine_triple(&fmt[offset + 1]);
 224                fp->rate_max = combine_triple(&fmt[offset + 4]);
 225        }
 226        return 0;
 227}
 228
 229/*
 230 * Helper function to walk the array of sample rate triplets reported by
 231 * the device. The problem is that we need to parse whole array first to
 232 * get to know how many sample rates we have to expect.
 233 * Then fp->rate_table can be allocated and filled.
 234 */
 235static int parse_uac2_sample_rate_range(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 236                                        struct audioformat *fp, int nr_triplets,
 237                                        const unsigned char *data)
 238{
 239        int i, nr_rates = 0;
 240
 241        fp->rates = fp->rate_min = fp->rate_max = 0;
 242
 243        for (i = 0; i < nr_triplets; i++) {
 244                int min = combine_quad(&data[2 + 12 * i]);
 245                int max = combine_quad(&data[6 + 12 * i]);
 246                int res = combine_quad(&data[10 + 12 * i]);
 247                unsigned int rate;
 248
 249                if ((max < 0) || (min < 0) || (res < 0) || (max < min))
 250                        continue;
 251
 252                /*
 253                 * for ranges with res == 1, we announce a continuous sample
 254                 * rate range, and this function should return 0 for no further
 255                 * parsing.
 256                 */
 257                if (res == 1) {
 258                        fp->rate_min = min;
 259                        fp->rate_max = max;
 260                        fp->rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS;
 261                        return 0;
 262                }
 263
 264                for (rate = min; rate <= max; rate += res) {
 265                        if (fp->rate_table)
 266                                fp->rate_table[nr_rates] = rate;
 267                        if (!fp->rate_min || rate < fp->rate_min)
 268                                fp->rate_min = rate;
 269                        if (!fp->rate_max || rate > fp->rate_max)
 270                                fp->rate_max = rate;
 271                        fp->rates |= snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
 272
 273                        nr_rates++;
 274                        if (nr_rates >= MAX_NR_RATES) {
 275                                usb_audio_err(chip, "invalid uac2 rates\n");
 276                                break;
 277                        }
 278
 279                        /* avoid endless loop */
 280                        if (res == 0)
 281                                break;
 282                }
 283        }
 284
 285        return nr_rates;
 286}
 287
 288/* Line6 Helix series don't support the UAC2_CS_RANGE usb function
 289 * call. Return a static table of known clock rates.
 290 */
 291static int line6_parse_audio_format_rates_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 292                                                struct audioformat *fp)
 293{
 294        switch (chip->usb_id) {
 295        case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4241): /* Line6 Helix */
 296        case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4242): /* Line6 Helix Rack */
 297        case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4244): /* Line6 Helix LT */
 298        case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4246): /* Line6 HX-Stomp */
 299                /* supported rates: 48Khz */
 300                kfree(fp->rate_table);
 301                fp->rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
 302                if (!fp->rate_table)
 303                        return -ENOMEM;
 304                fp->nr_rates = 1;
 305                fp->rate_min = 48000;
 306                fp->rate_max = 48000;
 307                fp->rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
 308                fp->rate_table[0] = 48000;
 309                return 0;
 310        }
 311
 312        return -ENODEV;
 313}
 314
 315/*
 316 * parse the format descriptor and stores the possible sample rates
 317 * on the audioformat table (audio class v2 and v3).
 318 */
 319static int parse_audio_format_rates_v2v3(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 320                                       struct audioformat *fp)
 321{
 322        struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
 323        unsigned char tmp[2], *data;
 324        int nr_triplets, data_size, ret = 0, ret_l6;
 325        int clock = snd_usb_clock_find_source(chip, fp->protocol,
 326                                              fp->clock, false);
 327
 328        if (clock < 0) {
 329                dev_err(&dev->dev,
 330                        "%s(): unable to find clock source (clock %d)\n",
 331                                __func__, clock);
 332                goto err;
 333        }
 334
 335        /* get the number of sample rates first by only fetching 2 bytes */
 336        ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_RANGE,
 337                              USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
 338                              UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8,
 339                              snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (clock << 8),
 340                              tmp, sizeof(tmp));
 341
 342        if (ret < 0) {
 343                /* line6 helix devices don't support UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ call */
 344                ret_l6 = line6_parse_audio_format_rates_quirk(chip, fp);
 345                if (ret_l6 == -ENODEV) {
 346                        /* no line6 device found continue showing the error */
 347                        dev_err(&dev->dev,
 348                                "%s(): unable to retrieve number of sample rates (clock %d)\n",
 349                                __func__, clock);
 350                        goto err;
 351                }
 352                if (ret_l6 == 0) {
 353                        dev_info(&dev->dev,
 354                                "%s(): unable to retrieve number of sample rates: set it to a predefined value (clock %d).\n",
 355                                __func__, clock);
 356                        return 0;
 357                }
 358                ret = ret_l6;
 359                goto err;
 360        }
 361
 362        nr_triplets = (tmp[1] << 8) | tmp[0];
 363        data_size = 2 + 12 * nr_triplets;
 364        data = kzalloc(data_size, GFP_KERNEL);
 365        if (!data) {
 366                ret = -ENOMEM;
 367                goto err;
 368        }
 369
 370        /* now get the full information */
 371        ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_RANGE,
 372                              USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
 373                              UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8,
 374                              snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (clock << 8),
 375                              data, data_size);
 376
 377        if (ret < 0) {
 378                dev_err(&dev->dev,
 379                        "%s(): unable to retrieve sample rate range (clock %d)\n",
 380                                __func__, clock);
 381                ret = -EINVAL;
 382                goto err_free;
 383        }
 384
 385        /* Call the triplet parser, and make sure fp->rate_table is NULL.
 386         * We just use the return value to know how many sample rates we
 387         * will have to deal with. */
 388        kfree(fp->rate_table);
 389        fp->rate_table = NULL;
 390        fp->nr_rates = parse_uac2_sample_rate_range(chip, fp, nr_triplets, data);
 391
 392        if (fp->nr_rates == 0) {
 393                /* SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS */
 394                ret = 0;
 395                goto err_free;
 396        }
 397
 398        fp->rate_table = kmalloc_array(fp->nr_rates, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
 399        if (!fp->rate_table) {
 400                ret = -ENOMEM;
 401                goto err_free;
 402        }
 403
 404        /* Call the triplet parser again, but this time, fp->rate_table is
 405         * allocated, so the rates will be stored */
 406        parse_uac2_sample_rate_range(chip, fp, nr_triplets, data);
 407
 408err_free:
 409        kfree(data);
 410err:
 411        return ret;
 412}
 413
 414/*
 415 * parse the format type I and III descriptors
 416 */
 417static int parse_audio_format_i(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 418                                struct audioformat *fp, u64 format,
 419                                void *_fmt)
 420{
 421        snd_pcm_format_t pcm_format;
 422        unsigned int fmt_type;
 423        int ret;
 424
 425        switch (fp->protocol) {
 426        default:
 427        case UAC_VERSION_1:
 428        case UAC_VERSION_2: {
 429                struct uac_format_type_i_continuous_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
 430
 431                fmt_type = fmt->bFormatType;
 432                break;
 433        }
 434        case UAC_VERSION_3: {
 435                /* fp->fmt_type is already set in this case */
 436                fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
 437                break;
 438        }
 439        }
 440
 441        if (fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_III) {
 442                /* FIXME: the format type is really IECxxx
 443                 *        but we give normal PCM format to get the existing
 444                 *        apps working...
 445                 */
 446                switch (chip->usb_id) {
 447
 448                case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
 449                        if (chip->setup == 0x00 && 
 450                            fp->altsetting == 6)
 451                                pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE;
 452                        else
 453                                pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
 454                        break;
 455                default:
 456                        pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
 457                }
 458                fp->formats = pcm_format_to_bits(pcm_format);
 459        } else {
 460                fp->formats = parse_audio_format_i_type(chip, fp, format, _fmt);
 461                if (!fp->formats)
 462                        return -EINVAL;
 463        }
 464
 465        /* gather possible sample rates */
 466        /* audio class v1 reports possible sample rates as part of the
 467         * proprietary class specific descriptor.
 468         * audio class v2 uses class specific EP0 range requests for that.
 469         */
 470        switch (fp->protocol) {
 471        default:
 472        case UAC_VERSION_1: {
 473                struct uac_format_type_i_continuous_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
 474
 475                fp->channels = fmt->bNrChannels;
 476                ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v1(chip, fp, (unsigned char *) fmt, 7);
 477                break;
 478        }
 479        case UAC_VERSION_2:
 480        case UAC_VERSION_3: {
 481                /* fp->channels is already set in this case */
 482                ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v2v3(chip, fp);
 483                break;
 484        }
 485        }
 486
 487        if (fp->channels < 1) {
 488                usb_audio_err(chip,
 489                        "%u:%d : invalid channels %d\n",
 490                        fp->iface, fp->altsetting, fp->channels);
 491                return -EINVAL;
 492        }
 493
 494        return ret;
 495}
 496
 497/*
 498 * parse the format type II descriptor
 499 */
 500static int parse_audio_format_ii(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 501                                 struct audioformat *fp,
 502                                 u64 format, void *_fmt)
 503{
 504        int brate, framesize, ret;
 505
 506        switch (format) {
 507        case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II_AC3:
 508                /* FIXME: there is no AC3 format defined yet */
 509                // fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_AC3;
 510                fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8; /* temporary hack to receive byte streams */
 511                break;
 512        case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II_MPEG:
 513                fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MPEG;
 514                break;
 515        default:
 516                usb_audio_info(chip,
 517                         "%u:%d : unknown format tag %#llx is detected.  processed as MPEG.\n",
 518                         fp->iface, fp->altsetting, format);
 519                fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MPEG;
 520                break;
 521        }
 522
 523        fp->channels = 1;
 524
 525        switch (fp->protocol) {
 526        default:
 527        case UAC_VERSION_1: {
 528                struct uac_format_type_ii_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
 529                brate = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wMaxBitRate);
 530                framesize = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wSamplesPerFrame);
 531                usb_audio_info(chip, "found format II with max.bitrate = %d, frame size=%d\n", brate, framesize);
 532                fp->frame_size = framesize;
 533                ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v1(chip, fp, _fmt, 8); /* fmt[8..] sample rates */
 534                break;
 535        }
 536        case UAC_VERSION_2: {
 537                struct uac_format_type_ii_ext_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
 538                brate = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wMaxBitRate);
 539                framesize = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wSamplesPerFrame);
 540                usb_audio_info(chip, "found format II with max.bitrate = %d, frame size=%d\n", brate, framesize);
 541                fp->frame_size = framesize;
 542                ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v2v3(chip, fp);
 543                break;
 544        }
 545        }
 546
 547        return ret;
 548}
 549
 550int snd_usb_parse_audio_format(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 551                               struct audioformat *fp, u64 format,
 552                               struct uac_format_type_i_continuous_descriptor *fmt,
 553                               int stream)
 554{
 555        int err;
 556
 557        switch (fmt->bFormatType) {
 558        case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I:
 559        case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_III:
 560                err = parse_audio_format_i(chip, fp, format, fmt);
 561                break;
 562        case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II:
 563                err = parse_audio_format_ii(chip, fp, format, fmt);
 564                break;
 565        default:
 566                usb_audio_info(chip,
 567                         "%u:%d : format type %d is not supported yet\n",
 568                         fp->iface, fp->altsetting,
 569                         fmt->bFormatType);
 570                return -ENOTSUPP;
 571        }
 572        fp->fmt_type = fmt->bFormatType;
 573        if (err < 0)
 574                return err;
 575#if 1
 576        /* FIXME: temporary hack for extigy/audigy 2 nx/zs */
 577        /* extigy apparently supports sample rates other than 48k
 578         * but not in ordinary way.  so we enable only 48k atm.
 579         */
 580        if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3000) ||
 581            chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020) ||
 582            chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3061)) {
 583                if (fmt->bFormatType == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I &&
 584                    fp->rates != SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 &&
 585                    fp->rates != SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000)
 586                        return -ENOTSUPP;
 587        }
 588#endif
 589        return 0;
 590}
 591
 592int snd_usb_parse_audio_format_v3(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 593                               struct audioformat *fp,
 594                               struct uac3_as_header_descriptor *as,
 595                               int stream)
 596{
 597        u64 format = le64_to_cpu(as->bmFormats);
 598        int err;
 599
 600        /*
 601         * Type I format bits are D0..D6
 602         * This test works because type IV is not supported
 603         */
 604        if (format & 0x7f)
 605                fp->fmt_type = UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I;
 606        else
 607                fp->fmt_type = UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_III;
 608
 609        err = parse_audio_format_i(chip, fp, format, as);
 610        if (err < 0)
 611                return err;
 612
 613        return 0;
 614}
 615