// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */

#include "test_util.h"
#include "kvm_util.h"
#include "../kvm_util_internal.h"
#include "processor.h"

/* Minimum physical address used for virtual translation tables. */
#define KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR 0x180000

/* Virtual translation table structure declarations */
struct pageMapL4Entry {
        uint64_t present:1;
        uint64_t writable:1;
        uint64_t user:1;
        uint64_t write_through:1;
        uint64_t cache_disable:1;
        uint64_t accessed:1;
        uint64_t ignored_06:1;
        uint64_t page_size:1;
        uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
        uint64_t address:40;
        uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
        uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry {
        uint64_t present:1;
        uint64_t writable:1;
        uint64_t user:1;
        uint64_t write_through:1;
        uint64_t cache_disable:1;
        uint64_t accessed:1;
        uint64_t ignored_06:1;
        uint64_t page_size:1;
        uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
        uint64_t address:40;
        uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
        uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

struct pageDirectoryEntry {
        uint64_t present:1;
        uint64_t writable:1;
        uint64_t user:1;
        uint64_t write_through:1;
        uint64_t cache_disable:1;
        uint64_t accessed:1;
        uint64_t ignored_06:1;
        uint64_t page_size:1;
        uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
        uint64_t address:40;
        uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
        uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

struct pageTableEntry {
        uint64_t present:1;
        uint64_t writable:1;
        uint64_t user:1;
        uint64_t write_through:1;
        uint64_t cache_disable:1;
        uint64_t accessed:1;
        uint64_t dirty:1;
        uint64_t reserved_07:1;
        uint64_t global:1;
        uint64_t ignored_11_09:3;
        uint64_t address:40;
        uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
        uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

/* Register Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   regs - register
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the registers given by regs, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
void regs_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_regs *regs,
               uint8_t indent)
{
        fprintf(stream, "%*srax: 0x%.16llx rbx: 0x%.16llx "
                "rcx: 0x%.16llx rdx: 0x%.16llx\n",
                indent, "",
                regs->rax, regs->rbx, regs->rcx, regs->rdx);
        fprintf(stream, "%*srsi: 0x%.16llx rdi: 0x%.16llx "
                "rsp: 0x%.16llx rbp: 0x%.16llx\n",
                indent, "",
                regs->rsi, regs->rdi, regs->rsp, regs->rbp);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sr8:  0x%.16llx r9:  0x%.16llx "
                "r10: 0x%.16llx r11: 0x%.16llx\n",
                indent, "",
                regs->r8, regs->r9, regs->r10, regs->r11);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sr12: 0x%.16llx r13: 0x%.16llx "
                "r14: 0x%.16llx r15: 0x%.16llx\n",
                indent, "",
                regs->r12, regs->r13, regs->r14, regs->r15);
        fprintf(stream, "%*srip: 0x%.16llx rfl: 0x%.16llx\n",
                indent, "",
                regs->rip, regs->rflags);
}

/* Segment Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   segment - KVM segment
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the KVM segment given by segment, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
static void segment_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_segment *segment,
                         uint8_t indent)
{
        fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.8x "
                "selector: 0x%.4x type: 0x%.2x\n",
                indent, "", segment->base, segment->limit,
                segment->selector, segment->type);
        fprintf(stream, "%*spresent: 0x%.2x dpl: 0x%.2x "
                "db: 0x%.2x s: 0x%.2x l: 0x%.2x\n",
                indent, "", segment->present, segment->dpl,
                segment->db, segment->s, segment->l);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sg: 0x%.2x avl: 0x%.2x "
                "unusable: 0x%.2x padding: 0x%.2x\n",
                indent, "", segment->g, segment->avl,
                segment->unusable, segment->padding);
}

/* dtable Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   dtable - KVM dtable
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the KVM dtable given by dtable, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
static void dtable_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_dtable *dtable,
                        uint8_t indent)
{
        fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.4x "
                "padding: 0x%.4x 0x%.4x 0x%.4x\n",
                indent, "", dtable->base, dtable->limit,
                dtable->padding[0], dtable->padding[1], dtable->padding[2]);
}

/* System Register Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   sregs - System registers
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the system registers given by sregs, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
void sregs_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_sregs *sregs,
                uint8_t indent)
{
        unsigned int i;

        fprintf(stream, "%*scs:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->cs, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sds:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ds, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*ses:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->es, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sfs:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->fs, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sgs:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->gs, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sss:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ss, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*str:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->tr, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sldt:\n", indent, "");
        segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ldt, indent + 2);

        fprintf(stream, "%*sgdt:\n", indent, "");
        dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->gdt, indent + 2);
        fprintf(stream, "%*sidt:\n", indent, "");
        dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->idt, indent + 2);

        fprintf(stream, "%*scr0: 0x%.16llx cr2: 0x%.16llx "
                "cr3: 0x%.16llx cr4: 0x%.16llx\n",
                indent, "",
                sregs->cr0, sregs->cr2, sregs->cr3, sregs->cr4);
        fprintf(stream, "%*scr8: 0x%.16llx efer: 0x%.16llx "
                "apic_base: 0x%.16llx\n",
                indent, "",
                sregs->cr8, sregs->efer, sregs->apic_base);

        fprintf(stream, "%*sinterrupt_bitmap:\n", indent, "");
        for (i = 0; i < (KVM_NR_INTERRUPTS + 63) / 64; i++) {
                fprintf(stream, "%*s%.16llx\n", indent + 2, "",
                        sregs->interrupt_bitmap[i]);
        }
}

void virt_pgd_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t pgd_memslot)
{
        TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K, "Attempt to use "
                "unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

        /* If needed, create page map l4 table. */
        if (!vm->pgd_created) {
                vm_paddr_t paddr = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
                        KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot);
                vm->pgd = paddr;
                vm->pgd_created = true;
        }
}

/* VM Virtual Page Map
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vaddr - VM Virtual Address
 *   paddr - VM Physical Address
 *   pgd_memslot - Memory region slot for new virtual translation tables
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Within the VM given by vm, creates a virtual translation for the page
 * starting at vaddr to the page starting at paddr.
 */
void virt_pg_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t paddr,
        uint32_t pgd_memslot)
{
        uint16_t index[4];
        struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;

        TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K, "Attempt to use "
                "unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

        TEST_ASSERT((vaddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
                "Virtual address not on page boundary,\n"
                "  vaddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
                vaddr, vm->page_size);
        TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_set(vm->vpages_valid,
                (vaddr >> vm->page_shift)),
                "Invalid virtual address, vaddr: 0x%lx",
                vaddr);
        TEST_ASSERT((paddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
                "Physical address not on page boundary,\n"
                "  paddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
                paddr, vm->page_size);
        TEST_ASSERT((paddr >> vm->page_shift) <= vm->max_gfn,
                "Physical address beyond beyond maximum supported,\n"
                "  paddr: 0x%lx vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
                paddr, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);

        index[0] = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
        index[1] = (vaddr >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
        index[2] = (vaddr >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
        index[3] = (vaddr >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

        /* Allocate page directory pointer table if not present. */
        pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
        if (!pml4e[index[3]].present) {
                pml4e[index[3]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
                        KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
                        >> vm->page_shift;
                pml4e[index[3]].writable = true;
                pml4e[index[3]].present = true;
        }

        /* Allocate page directory table if not present. */
        struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
        pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
        if (!pdpe[index[2]].present) {
                pdpe[index[2]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
                        KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
                        >> vm->page_shift;
                pdpe[index[2]].writable = true;
                pdpe[index[2]].present = true;
        }

        /* Allocate page table if not present. */
        struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
        pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
        if (!pde[index[1]].present) {
                pde[index[1]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
                        KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
                        >> vm->page_shift;
                pde[index[1]].writable = true;
                pde[index[1]].present = true;
        }

        /* Fill in page table entry. */
        struct pageTableEntry *pte;
        pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
        pte[index[0]].address = paddr >> vm->page_shift;
        pte[index[0]].writable = true;
        pte[index[0]].present = 1;
}

/* Virtual Translation Tables Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps to the FILE stream given by stream, the contents of all the
 * virtual translation tables for the VM given by vm.
 */
void virt_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint8_t indent)
{
        struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e, *pml4e_start;
        struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe, *pdpe_start;
        struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde, *pde_start;
        struct pageTableEntry *pte, *pte_start;

        if (!vm->pgd_created)
                return;

        fprintf(stream, "%*s                                          "
                "                no\n", indent, "");
        fprintf(stream, "%*s      index hvaddr         gpaddr         "
                "addr         w exec dirty\n",
                indent, "");
        pml4e_start = (struct pageMapL4Entry *) addr_gpa2hva(vm,
                vm->pgd);
        for (uint16_t n1 = 0; n1 <= 0x1ffu; n1++) {
                pml4e = &pml4e_start[n1];
                if (!pml4e->present)
                        continue;
                fprintf(stream, "%*spml4e 0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u "
                        " %u\n",
                        indent, "",
                        pml4e - pml4e_start, pml4e,
                        addr_hva2gpa(vm, pml4e), (uint64_t) pml4e->address,
                        pml4e->writable, pml4e->execute_disable);

                pdpe_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e->address
                        * vm->page_size);
                for (uint16_t n2 = 0; n2 <= 0x1ffu; n2++) {
                        pdpe = &pdpe_start[n2];
                        if (!pdpe->present)
                                continue;
                        fprintf(stream, "%*spdpe  0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx "
                                "%u  %u\n",
                                indent, "",
                                pdpe - pdpe_start, pdpe,
                                addr_hva2gpa(vm, pdpe),
                                (uint64_t) pdpe->address, pdpe->writable,
                                pdpe->execute_disable);

                        pde_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
                                pdpe->address * vm->page_size);
                        for (uint16_t n3 = 0; n3 <= 0x1ffu; n3++) {
                                pde = &pde_start[n3];
                                if (!pde->present)
                                        continue;
                                fprintf(stream, "%*spde   0x%-3zx %p "
                                        "0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u  %u\n",
                                        indent, "", pde - pde_start, pde,
                                        addr_hva2gpa(vm, pde),
                                        (uint64_t) pde->address, pde->writable,
                                        pde->execute_disable);

                                pte_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
                                        pde->address * vm->page_size);
                                for (uint16_t n4 = 0; n4 <= 0x1ffu; n4++) {
                                        pte = &pte_start[n4];
                                        if (!pte->present)
                                                continue;
                                        fprintf(stream, "%*spte   0x%-3zx %p "
                                                "0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u  %u "
                                                "    %u    0x%-10lx\n",
                                                indent, "",
                                                pte - pte_start, pte,
                                                addr_hva2gpa(vm, pte),
                                                (uint64_t) pte->address,
                                                pte->writable,
                                                pte->execute_disable,
                                                pte->dirty,
                                                ((uint64_t) n1 << 27)
                                                        | ((uint64_t) n2 << 18)
                                                        | ((uint64_t) n3 << 9)
                                                        | ((uint64_t) n4));
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
}

/* Set Unusable Segment
 *
 * Input Args: None
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   segp - Pointer to segment register
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets the segment register pointed to by segp to an unusable state.
 */
static void kvm_seg_set_unusable(struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
        memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
        segp->unusable = true;
}

static void kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
        void *gdt = addr_gva2hva(vm, vm->gdt);
        struct desc64 *desc = gdt + (segp->selector >> 3) * 8;

        desc->limit0 = segp->limit & 0xFFFF;
        desc->base0 = segp->base & 0xFFFF;
        desc->base1 = segp->base >> 16;
        desc->s = segp->s;
        desc->type = segp->type;
        desc->dpl = segp->dpl;
        desc->p = segp->present;
        desc->limit1 = segp->limit >> 16;
        desc->l = segp->l;
        desc->db = segp->db;
        desc->g = segp->g;
        desc->base2 = segp->base >> 24;
        if (!segp->s)
                desc->base3 = segp->base >> 32;
}


/* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Code Segment
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - VM whose GDT is being filled, or NULL to only write segp
 *   selector - selector value
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   segp - Pointer to KVM segment
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a code segment
 * with the selector value given by selector.
 */
static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint16_t selector,
        struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
        memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
        segp->selector = selector;
        segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
        segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
        segp->type = 0x08 | 0x01 | 0x02; /* kFlagCode | kFlagCodeAccessed
                                          * | kFlagCodeReadable
                                          */
        segp->g = true;
        segp->l = true;
        segp->present = 1;
        if (vm)
                kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(vm, segp);
}

/* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Data Segment
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - VM whose GDT is being filled, or NULL to only write segp
 *   selector - selector value
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   segp - Pointer to KVM segment
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a data segment
 * with the selector value given by selector.
 */
static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint16_t selector,
        struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
        memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
        segp->selector = selector;
        segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
        segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
        segp->type = 0x00 | 0x01 | 0x02; /* kFlagData | kFlagDataAccessed
                                          * | kFlagDataWritable
                                          */
        segp->g = true;
        segp->present = true;
        if (vm)
                kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(vm, segp);
}

/* Address Guest Virtual to Guest Physical
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   gpa - VM virtual address
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return:
 *   Equivalent VM physical address
 *
 * Translates the VM virtual address given by gva to a VM physical
 * address and then locates the memory region containing the VM
 * physical address, within the VM given by vm.  When found, the host
 * virtual address providing the memory to the vm physical address is returned.
 * A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no region containing translated
 * VM virtual address exists.
 */
vm_paddr_t addr_gva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
{
        uint16_t index[4];
        struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;
        struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
        struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
        struct pageTableEntry *pte;

        TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K, "Attempt to use "
                "unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

        index[0] = (gva >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
        index[1] = (gva >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
        index[2] = (gva >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
        index[3] = (gva >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

        if (!vm->pgd_created)
                goto unmapped_gva;
        pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
        if (!pml4e[index[3]].present)
                goto unmapped_gva;

        pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
        if (!pdpe[index[2]].present)
                goto unmapped_gva;

        pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
        if (!pde[index[1]].present)
                goto unmapped_gva;

        pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
        if (!pte[index[0]].present)
                goto unmapped_gva;

        return (pte[index[0]].address * vm->page_size) + (gva & 0xfffu);

unmapped_gva:
        TEST_ASSERT(false, "No mapping for vm virtual address, "
                    "gva: 0x%lx", gva);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

static void kvm_setup_gdt(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_dtable *dt, int gdt_memslot,
                          int pgd_memslot)
{
        if (!vm->gdt)
                vm->gdt = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, getpagesize(),
                        KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);

        dt->base = vm->gdt;
        dt->limit = getpagesize();
}

static void kvm_setup_tss_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_segment *segp,
                                int selector, int gdt_memslot,
                                int pgd_memslot)
{
        if (!vm->tss)
                vm->tss = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, getpagesize(),
                        KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);

        memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
        segp->base = vm->tss;
        segp->limit = 0x67;
        segp->selector = selector;
        segp->type = 0xb;
        segp->present = 1;
        kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(vm, segp);
}

static void vcpu_setup(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpuid, int pgd_memslot, int gdt_memslot)
{
        struct kvm_sregs sregs;

        /* Set mode specific system register values. */
        vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

        sregs.idt.limit = 0;

        kvm_setup_gdt(vm, &sregs.gdt, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);

        switch (vm->mode) {
        case VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K:
                sregs.cr0 = X86_CR0_PE | X86_CR0_NE | X86_CR0_PG;
                sregs.cr4 |= X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_OSFXSR;
                sregs.efer |= (EFER_LME | EFER_LMA | EFER_NX);

                kvm_seg_set_unusable(&sregs.ldt);
                kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(vm, 0x8, &sregs.cs);
                kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(vm, 0x10, &sregs.ds);
                kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(vm, 0x10, &sregs.es);
                kvm_setup_tss_64bit(vm, &sregs.tr, 0x18, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);
                break;

        default:
                TEST_ASSERT(false, "Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
        }

        sregs.cr3 = vm->pgd;
        vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);
}
/* Adds a vCPU with reasonable defaults (i.e., a stack)
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vcpuid - The id of the VCPU to add to the VM.
 *   guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
 */
void vm_vcpu_add_default(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, void *guest_code)
{
        struct kvm_mp_state mp_state;
        struct kvm_regs regs;
        vm_vaddr_t stack_vaddr;
        stack_vaddr = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize(),
                                     DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN, 0, 0);

        /* Create VCPU */
        vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpuid);
        vcpu_setup(vm, vcpuid, 0, 0);

        /* Setup guest general purpose registers */
        vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
        regs.rflags = regs.rflags | 0x2;
        regs.rsp = stack_vaddr + (DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize());
        regs.rip = (unsigned long) guest_code;
        vcpu_regs_set(vm, vcpuid, &regs);

        /* Setup the MP state */
        mp_state.mp_state = 0;
        vcpu_set_mp_state(vm, vcpuid, &mp_state);
}

/* Allocate an instance of struct kvm_cpuid2
 *
 * Input Args: None
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: A pointer to the allocated struct. The caller is responsible
 * for freeing this struct.
 *
 * Since kvm_cpuid2 uses a 0-length array to allow a the size of the
 * array to be decided at allocation time, allocation is slightly
 * complicated. This function uses a reasonable default length for
 * the array and performs the appropriate allocation.
 */
static struct kvm_cpuid2 *allocate_kvm_cpuid2(void)
{
        struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid;
        int nent = 100;
        size_t size;

        size = sizeof(*cpuid);
        size += nent * sizeof(struct kvm_cpuid_entry2);
        cpuid = malloc(size);
        if (!cpuid) {
                perror("malloc");
                abort();
        }

        cpuid->nent = nent;

        return cpuid;
}

/* KVM Supported CPUID Get
 *
 * Input Args: None
 *
 * Output Args:
 *
 * Return: The supported KVM CPUID
 *
 * Get the guest CPUID supported by KVM.
 */
struct kvm_cpuid2 *kvm_get_supported_cpuid(void)
{
        static struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid;
        int ret;
        int kvm_fd;

        if (cpuid)
                return cpuid;

        cpuid = allocate_kvm_cpuid2();
        kvm_fd = open(KVM_DEV_PATH, O_RDONLY);
        if (kvm_fd < 0)
                exit(KSFT_SKIP);

        ret = ioctl(kvm_fd, KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID, cpuid);
        TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID failed %d %d\n",
                    ret, errno);

        close(kvm_fd);
        return cpuid;
}

/* Locate a cpuid entry.
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   cpuid: The cpuid.
 *   function: The function of the cpuid entry to find.
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: A pointer to the cpuid entry. Never returns NULL.
 */
struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *
kvm_get_supported_cpuid_index(uint32_t function, uint32_t index)
{
        struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid;
        struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *entry = NULL;
        int i;

        cpuid = kvm_get_supported_cpuid();
        for (i = 0; i < cpuid->nent; i++) {
                if (cpuid->entries[i].function == function &&
                    cpuid->entries[i].index == index) {
                        entry = &cpuid->entries[i];
                        break;
                }
        }

        TEST_ASSERT(entry, "Guest CPUID entry not found: (EAX=%x, ECX=%x).",
                    function, index);
        return entry;
}

/* VM VCPU CPUID Set
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU id
 *   cpuid - The CPUID values to set.
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: void
 *
 * Set the VCPU's CPUID.
 */
void vcpu_set_cpuid(struct kvm_vm *vm,
                uint32_t vcpuid, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid)
{
        struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
        int rc;

        TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);

        rc = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_CPUID2, cpuid);
        TEST_ASSERT(rc == 0, "KVM_SET_CPUID2 failed, rc: %i errno: %i",
                    rc, errno);

}

/* Create a VM with reasonable defaults
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vcpuid - The id of the single VCPU to add to the VM.
 *   extra_mem_pages - The size of extra memories to add (this will
 *                     decide how much extra space we will need to
 *                     setup the page tables using mem slot 0)
 *   guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return:
 *   Pointer to opaque structure that describes the created VM.
 */
struct kvm_vm *vm_create_default(uint32_t vcpuid, uint64_t extra_mem_pages,
                                 void *guest_code)
{
        struct kvm_vm *vm;
        /*
         * For x86 the maximum page table size for a memory region
         * will be when only 4K pages are used.  In that case the
         * total extra size for page tables (for extra N pages) will
         * be: N/512+N/512^2+N/512^3+... which is definitely smaller
         * than N/512*2.
         */
        uint64_t extra_pg_pages = extra_mem_pages / 512 * 2;

        /* Create VM */
        vm = vm_create(VM_MODE_DEFAULT,
                       DEFAULT_GUEST_PHY_PAGES + extra_pg_pages,
                       O_RDWR);

        /* Setup guest code */
        kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name, 0, 0);

        /* Setup IRQ Chip */
        vm_create_irqchip(vm);

        /* Add the first vCPU. */
        vm_vcpu_add_default(vm, vcpuid, guest_code);

        return vm;
}

/* VCPU Get MSR
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   msr_index - Index of MSR
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: On success, value of the MSR. On failure a TEST_ASSERT is produced.
 *
 * Get value of MSR for VCPU.
 */
uint64_t vcpu_get_msr(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, uint64_t msr_index)
{
        struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
        struct {
                struct kvm_msrs header;
                struct kvm_msr_entry entry;
        } buffer = {};
        int r;

        TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);
        buffer.header.nmsrs = 1;
        buffer.entry.index = msr_index;
        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_MSRS, &buffer.header);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 1, "KVM_GET_MSRS IOCTL failed,\n"
                "  rc: %i errno: %i", r, errno);

        return buffer.entry.data;
}

/* VCPU Set MSR
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   msr_index - Index of MSR
 *   msr_value - New value of MSR
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: On success, nothing. On failure a TEST_ASSERT is produced.
 *
 * Set value of MSR for VCPU.
 */
void vcpu_set_msr(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, uint64_t msr_index,
        uint64_t msr_value)
{
        struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
        struct {
                struct kvm_msrs header;
                struct kvm_msr_entry entry;
        } buffer = {};
        int r;

        TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);
        memset(&buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
        buffer.header.nmsrs = 1;
        buffer.entry.index = msr_index;
        buffer.entry.data = msr_value;
        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_MSRS, &buffer.header);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 1, "KVM_SET_MSRS IOCTL failed,\n"
                "  rc: %i errno: %i", r, errno);
}

/* VM VCPU Args Set
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   num - number of arguments
 *   ... - arguments, each of type uint64_t
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets the first num function input arguments to the values
 * given as variable args.  Each of the variable args is expected to
 * be of type uint64_t.
 */
void vcpu_args_set(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, unsigned int num, ...)
{
        va_list ap;
        struct kvm_regs regs;

        TEST_ASSERT(num >= 1 && num <= 6, "Unsupported number of args,\n"
                    "  num: %u\n",
                    num);

        va_start(ap, num);
        vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);

        if (num >= 1)
                regs.rdi = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

        if (num >= 2)
                regs.rsi = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

        if (num >= 3)
                regs.rdx = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

        if (num >= 4)
                regs.rcx = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

        if (num >= 5)
                regs.r8 = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

        if (num >= 6)
                regs.r9 = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

        vcpu_regs_set(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
        va_end(ap);
}

/*
 * VM VCPU Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the current state of the VCPU specified by vcpuid, within the VM
 * given by vm, to the FILE stream given by stream.
 */
void vcpu_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, uint8_t indent)
{
        struct kvm_regs regs;
        struct kvm_sregs sregs;

        fprintf(stream, "%*scpuid: %u\n", indent, "", vcpuid);

        fprintf(stream, "%*sregs:\n", indent + 2, "");
        vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
        regs_dump(stream, &regs, indent + 4);

        fprintf(stream, "%*ssregs:\n", indent + 2, "");
        vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);
        sregs_dump(stream, &sregs, indent + 4);
}

struct kvm_x86_state {
        struct kvm_vcpu_events events;
        struct kvm_mp_state mp_state;
        struct kvm_regs regs;
        struct kvm_xsave xsave;
        struct kvm_xcrs xcrs;
        struct kvm_sregs sregs;
        struct kvm_debugregs debugregs;
        union {
                struct kvm_nested_state nested;
                char nested_[16384];
        };
        struct kvm_msrs msrs;

};

static int kvm_get_num_msrs(struct kvm_vm *vm)
{
        struct kvm_msr_list nmsrs;
        int r;

        nmsrs.nmsrs = 0;
        r = ioctl(vm->kvm_fd, KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST, &nmsrs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == -1 && errno == E2BIG, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST probe, r: %i",
                r);

        return nmsrs.nmsrs;
}

struct kvm_x86_state *vcpu_save_state(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid)
{
        struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
        struct kvm_msr_list *list;
        struct kvm_x86_state *state;
        int nmsrs, r, i;
        static int nested_size = -1;

        if (nested_size == -1) {
                nested_size = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE);
                TEST_ASSERT(nested_size <= sizeof(state->nested_),
                            "Nested state size too big, %i > %zi",
                            nested_size, sizeof(state->nested_));
        }

        /*
         * When KVM exits to userspace with KVM_EXIT_IO, KVM guarantees
         * guest state is consistent only after userspace re-enters the
         * kernel with KVM_RUN.  Complete IO prior to migrating state
         * to a new VM.
         */
        vcpu_run_complete_io(vm, vcpuid);

        nmsrs = kvm_get_num_msrs(vm);
        list = malloc(sizeof(*list) + nmsrs * sizeof(list->indices[0]));
        list->nmsrs = nmsrs;
        r = ioctl(vm->kvm_fd, KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST, list);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST, r: %i",
                r);

        state = malloc(sizeof(*state) + nmsrs * sizeof(state->msrs.entries[0]));
        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS, &state->events);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS, r: %i",
                r);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_MP_STATE, &state->mp_state);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MP_STATE, r: %i",
                r);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_REGS, &state->regs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_REGS, r: %i",
                r);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_XSAVE, &state->xsave);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_XSAVE, r: %i",
                r);

        if (kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_XCRS)) {
                r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_XCRS, &state->xcrs);
                TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_XCRS, r: %i",
                            r);
        }

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_SREGS, &state->sregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_SREGS, r: %i",
                r);

        if (nested_size) {
                state->nested.size = sizeof(state->nested_);
                r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE, &state->nested);
                TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE, r: %i",
                        r);
                TEST_ASSERT(state->nested.size <= nested_size,
                        "Nested state size too big, %i (KVM_CHECK_CAP gave %i)",
                        state->nested.size, nested_size);
        } else
                state->nested.size = 0;

        state->msrs.nmsrs = nmsrs;
        for (i = 0; i < nmsrs; i++)
                state->msrs.entries[i].index = list->indices[i];
        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_MSRS, &state->msrs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == nmsrs, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MSRS, r: %i (failed MSR was 0x%x)",
                r, r == nmsrs ? -1 : list->indices[r]);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_DEBUGREGS, &state->debugregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_DEBUGREGS, r: %i",
                r);

        free(list);
        return state;
}

void vcpu_load_state(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, struct kvm_x86_state *state)
{
        struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
        int r;

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_XSAVE, &state->xsave);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_XSAVE, r: %i",
                r);

        if (kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_XCRS)) {
                r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_XCRS, &state->xcrs);
                TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_XCRS, r: %i",
                            r);
        }

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_SREGS, &state->sregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_SREGS, r: %i",
                r);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_MSRS, &state->msrs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == state->msrs.nmsrs, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_MSRS, r: %i (failed at %x)",
                r, r == state->msrs.nmsrs ? -1 : state->msrs.entries[r].index);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS, &state->events);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS, r: %i",
                r);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_MP_STATE, &state->mp_state);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_MP_STATE, r: %i",
                r);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_DEBUGREGS, &state->debugregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_DEBUGREGS, r: %i",
                r);

        r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_REGS, &state->regs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_REGS, r: %i",
                r);

        if (state->nested.size) {
                r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE, &state->nested);
                TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE, r: %i",
                        r);
        }
}

bool is_intel_cpu(void)
{
        int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
        const uint32_t *chunk;
        const int leaf = 0;

        __asm__ __volatile__(
                "cpuid"
                : /* output */ "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx),
                  "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx)
                : /* input */ "0"(leaf), "2"(0));

        chunk = (const uint32_t *)("GenuineIntel");
        return (ebx == chunk[0] && edx == chunk[1] && ecx == chunk[2]);
}

uint32_t kvm_get_cpuid_max(void)
{
        return kvm_get_supported_cpuid_entry(0x80000000)->eax;
}

void kvm_get_cpu_address_width(unsigned int *pa_bits, unsigned int *va_bits)
{
        struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *entry;
        bool pae;

        /* SDM 4.1.4 */
        if (kvm_get_cpuid_max() < 0x80000008) {
                pae = kvm_get_supported_cpuid_entry(1)->edx & (1 << 6);
                *pa_bits = pae ? 36 : 32;
                *va_bits = 32;
        } else {
                entry = kvm_get_supported_cpuid_entry(0x80000008);
                *pa_bits = entry->eax & 0xff;
                *va_bits = (entry->eax >> 8) & 0xff;
        }
}