// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * builtin-stat.c
 *
 * Builtin stat command: Give a precise performance counters summary
 * overview about any workload, CPU or specific PID.
 *
 * Sample output:

   $ perf stat ./hackbench 10

  Time: 0.118

  Performance counter stats for './hackbench 10':

       1708.761321 task-clock                #   11.037 CPUs utilized
            41,190 context-switches          #    0.024 M/sec
             6,735 CPU-migrations            #    0.004 M/sec
            17,318 page-faults               #    0.010 M/sec
     5,205,202,243 cycles                    #    3.046 GHz
     3,856,436,920 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   74.09% frontend cycles idle
     1,600,790,871 stalled-cycles-backend    #   30.75% backend  cycles idle
     2,603,501,247 instructions              #    0.50  insns per cycle
                                             #    1.48  stalled cycles per insn
       484,357,498 branches                  #  283.455 M/sec
         6,388,934 branch-misses             #    1.32% of all branches

        0.154822978  seconds time elapsed

 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2011, Red Hat Inc, Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
 *
 * Improvements and fixes by:
 *
 *   Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
 *   Yanmin Zhang <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
 *   Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
 *   Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
 *   Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
 *   Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinder@kernel.org>
 */

#include "builtin.h"
#include "perf.h"
#include "util/cgroup.h"
#include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
#include "util/parse-events.h"
#include "util/pmu.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include "util/evsel.h"
#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/color.h"
#include "util/stat.h"
#include "util/header.h"
#include "util/cpumap.h"
#include "util/thread_map.h"
#include "util/counts.h"
#include "util/group.h"
#include "util/session.h"
#include "util/tool.h"
#include "util/string2.h"
#include "util/metricgroup.h"
#include "util/synthetic-events.h"
#include "util/target.h"
#include "util/time-utils.h"
#include "util/top.h"
#include "util/affinity.h"
#include "asm/bug.h"

#include <linux/time64.h>
#include <linux/zalloc.h>
#include <api/fs/fs.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <linux/err.h>

#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <perf/evlist.h>

#define DEFAULT_SEPARATOR       " "
#define FREEZE_ON_SMI_PATH      "devices/cpu/freeze_on_smi"

static void print_counters(struct timespec *ts, int argc, const char **argv);

/* Default events used for perf stat -T */
static const char *transaction_attrs = {
        "task-clock,"
        "{"
        "instructions,"
        "cycles,"
        "cpu/cycles-t/,"
        "cpu/tx-start/,"
        "cpu/el-start/,"
        "cpu/cycles-ct/"
        "}"
};

/* More limited version when the CPU does not have all events. */
static const char * transaction_limited_attrs = {
        "task-clock,"
        "{"
        "instructions,"
        "cycles,"
        "cpu/cycles-t/,"
        "cpu/tx-start/"
        "}"
};

static const char * topdown_attrs[] = {
        "topdown-total-slots",
        "topdown-slots-retired",
        "topdown-recovery-bubbles",
        "topdown-fetch-bubbles",
        "topdown-slots-issued",
        NULL,
};

static const char *smi_cost_attrs = {
        "{"
        "msr/aperf/,"
        "msr/smi/,"
        "cycles"
        "}"
};

static struct evlist    *evsel_list;

static struct target target = {
        .uid    = UINT_MAX,
};

#define METRIC_ONLY_LEN 20

static volatile pid_t           child_pid                       = -1;
static int                      detailed_run                    =  0;
static bool                     transaction_run;
static bool                     topdown_run                     = false;
static bool                     smi_cost                        = false;
static bool                     smi_reset                       = false;
static int                      big_num_opt                     =  -1;
static bool                     group                           = false;
static const char               *pre_cmd                        = NULL;
static const char               *post_cmd                       = NULL;
static bool                     sync_run                        = false;
static bool                     forever                         = false;
static bool                     force_metric_only               = false;
static struct timespec          ref_time;
static bool                     append_file;
static bool                     interval_count;
static const char               *output_name;
static int                      output_fd;

struct perf_stat {
        bool                     record;
        struct perf_data         data;
        struct perf_session     *session;
        u64                      bytes_written;
        struct perf_tool         tool;
        bool                     maps_allocated;
        struct perf_cpu_map     *cpus;
        struct perf_thread_map *threads;
        enum aggr_mode           aggr_mode;
};

static struct perf_stat         perf_stat;
#define STAT_RECORD             perf_stat.record

static volatile int done = 0;

static struct perf_stat_config stat_config = {
        .aggr_mode              = AGGR_GLOBAL,
        .scale                  = true,
        .unit_width             = 4, /* strlen("unit") */
        .run_count              = 1,
        .metric_only_len        = METRIC_ONLY_LEN,
        .walltime_nsecs_stats   = &walltime_nsecs_stats,
        .big_num                = true,
};

static inline void diff_timespec(struct timespec *r, struct timespec *a,
                                 struct timespec *b)
{
        r->tv_sec = a->tv_sec - b->tv_sec;
        if (a->tv_nsec < b->tv_nsec) {
                r->tv_nsec = a->tv_nsec + NSEC_PER_SEC - b->tv_nsec;
                r->tv_sec--;
        } else {
                r->tv_nsec = a->tv_nsec - b->tv_nsec ;
        }
}

static void perf_stat__reset_stats(void)
{
        int i;

        perf_evlist__reset_stats(evsel_list);
        perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats();

        for (i = 0; i < stat_config.stats_num; i++)
                perf_stat__reset_shadow_per_stat(&stat_config.stats[i]);
}

static int process_synthesized_event(struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
                                     union perf_event *event,
                                     struct perf_sample *sample __maybe_unused,
                                     struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
        if (perf_data__write(&perf_stat.data, event, event->header.size) < 0) {
                pr_err("failed to write perf data, error: %m\n");
                return -1;
        }

        perf_stat.bytes_written += event->header.size;
        return 0;
}

static int write_stat_round_event(u64 tm, u64 type)
{
        return perf_event__synthesize_stat_round(NULL, tm, type,
                                                 process_synthesized_event,
                                                 NULL);
}

#define WRITE_STAT_ROUND_EVENT(time, interval) \
        write_stat_round_event(time, PERF_STAT_ROUND_TYPE__ ## interval)

#define SID(e, x, y) xyarray__entry(e->core.sample_id, x, y)

static int
perf_evsel__write_stat_event(struct evsel *counter, u32 cpu, u32 thread,
                             struct perf_counts_values *count)
{
        struct perf_sample_id *sid = SID(counter, cpu, thread);

        return perf_event__synthesize_stat(NULL, cpu, thread, sid->id, count,
                                           process_synthesized_event, NULL);
}

static int read_single_counter(struct evsel *counter, int cpu,
                               int thread, struct timespec *rs)
{
        if (counter->tool_event == PERF_TOOL_DURATION_TIME) {
                u64 val = rs->tv_nsec + rs->tv_sec*1000000000ULL;
                struct perf_counts_values *count =
                        perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread);
                count->ena = count->run = val;
                count->val = val;
                return 0;
        }
        return perf_evsel__read_counter(counter, cpu, thread);
}

/*
 * Read out the results of a single counter:
 * do not aggregate counts across CPUs in system-wide mode
 */
static int read_counter_cpu(struct evsel *counter, struct timespec *rs, int cpu)
{
        int nthreads = perf_thread_map__nr(evsel_list->core.threads);
        int thread;

        if (!counter->supported)
                return -ENOENT;

        if (counter->core.system_wide)
                nthreads = 1;

        for (thread = 0; thread < nthreads; thread++) {
                struct perf_counts_values *count;

                count = perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread);

                /*
                 * The leader's group read loads data into its group members
                 * (via perf_evsel__read_counter()) and sets their count->loaded.
                 */
                if (!perf_counts__is_loaded(counter->counts, cpu, thread) &&
                    read_single_counter(counter, cpu, thread, rs)) {
                        counter->counts->scaled = -1;
                        perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread)->ena = 0;
                        perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread)->run = 0;
                        return -1;
                }

                perf_counts__set_loaded(counter->counts, cpu, thread, false);

                if (STAT_RECORD) {
                        if (perf_evsel__write_stat_event(counter, cpu, thread, count)) {
                                pr_err("failed to write stat event\n");
                                return -1;
                        }
                }

                if (verbose > 1) {
                        fprintf(stat_config.output,
                                "%s: %d: %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 "\n",
                                        perf_evsel__name(counter),
                                        cpu,
                                        count->val, count->ena, count->run);
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static void read_counters(struct timespec *rs)
{
        struct evsel *counter;
        struct affinity affinity;
        int i, ncpus, cpu;

        if (affinity__setup(&affinity) < 0)
                return;

        ncpus = perf_cpu_map__nr(evsel_list->core.all_cpus);
        if (!target__has_cpu(&target) || target__has_per_thread(&target))
                ncpus = 1;
        evlist__for_each_cpu(evsel_list, i, cpu) {
                if (i >= ncpus)
                        break;
                affinity__set(&affinity, cpu);

                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                        if (evsel__cpu_iter_skip(counter, cpu))
                                continue;
                        if (!counter->err) {
                                counter->err = read_counter_cpu(counter, rs,
                                                                counter->cpu_iter - 1);
                        }
                }
        }
        affinity__cleanup(&affinity);

        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                if (counter->err)
                        pr_debug("failed to read counter %s\n", counter->name);
                if (counter->err == 0 && perf_stat_process_counter(&stat_config, counter))
                        pr_warning("failed to process counter %s\n", counter->name);
                counter->err = 0;
        }
}

static void process_interval(void)
{
        struct timespec ts, rs;

        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
        diff_timespec(&rs, &ts, &ref_time);

        read_counters(&rs);

        if (STAT_RECORD) {
                if (WRITE_STAT_ROUND_EVENT(rs.tv_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC + rs.tv_nsec, INTERVAL))
                        pr_err("failed to write stat round event\n");
        }

        init_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats);
        update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, stat_config.interval * 1000000);
        print_counters(&rs, 0, NULL);
}

static void enable_counters(void)
{
        if (stat_config.initial_delay)
                usleep(stat_config.initial_delay * USEC_PER_MSEC);

        /*
         * We need to enable counters only if:
         * - we don't have tracee (attaching to task or cpu)
         * - we have initial delay configured
         */
        if (!target__none(&target) || stat_config.initial_delay)
                evlist__enable(evsel_list);
}

static void disable_counters(void)
{
        /*
         * If we don't have tracee (attaching to task or cpu), counters may
         * still be running. To get accurate group ratios, we must stop groups
         * from counting before reading their constituent counters.
         */
        if (!target__none(&target))
                evlist__disable(evsel_list);
}

static volatile int workload_exec_errno;

/*
 * perf_evlist__prepare_workload will send a SIGUSR1
 * if the fork fails, since we asked by setting its
 * want_signal to true.
 */
static void workload_exec_failed_signal(int signo __maybe_unused, siginfo_t *info,
                                        void *ucontext __maybe_unused)
{
        workload_exec_errno = info->si_value.sival_int;
}

static bool perf_evsel__should_store_id(struct evsel *counter)
{
        return STAT_RECORD || counter->core.attr.read_format & PERF_FORMAT_ID;
}

static bool is_target_alive(struct target *_target,
                            struct perf_thread_map *threads)
{
        struct stat st;
        int i;

        if (!target__has_task(_target))
                return true;

        for (i = 0; i < threads->nr; i++) {
                char path[PATH_MAX];

                scnprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%d", procfs__mountpoint(),
                          threads->map[i].pid);

                if (!stat(path, &st))
                        return true;
        }

        return false;
}

enum counter_recovery {
        COUNTER_SKIP,
        COUNTER_RETRY,
        COUNTER_FATAL,
};

static enum counter_recovery stat_handle_error(struct evsel *counter)
{
        char msg[BUFSIZ];
        /*
         * PPC returns ENXIO for HW counters until 2.6.37
         * (behavior changed with commit b0a873e).
         */
        if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOSYS ||
            errno == ENOENT || errno == EOPNOTSUPP ||
            errno == ENXIO) {
                if (verbose > 0)
                        ui__warning("%s event is not supported by the kernel.\n",
                                    perf_evsel__name(counter));
                counter->supported = false;
                /*
                 * errored is a sticky flag that means one of the counter's
                 * cpu event had a problem and needs to be reexamined.
                 */
                counter->errored = true;

                if ((counter->leader != counter) ||
                    !(counter->leader->core.nr_members > 1))
                        return COUNTER_SKIP;
        } else if (perf_evsel__fallback(counter, errno, msg, sizeof(msg))) {
                if (verbose > 0)
                        ui__warning("%s\n", msg);
                return COUNTER_RETRY;
        } else if (target__has_per_thread(&target) &&
                   evsel_list->core.threads &&
                   evsel_list->core.threads->err_thread != -1) {
                /*
                 * For global --per-thread case, skip current
                 * error thread.
                 */
                if (!thread_map__remove(evsel_list->core.threads,
                                        evsel_list->core.threads->err_thread)) {
                        evsel_list->core.threads->err_thread = -1;
                        return COUNTER_RETRY;
                }
        }

        perf_evsel__open_strerror(counter, &target,
                                  errno, msg, sizeof(msg));
        ui__error("%s\n", msg);

        if (child_pid != -1)
                kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);
        return COUNTER_FATAL;
}

static int __run_perf_stat(int argc, const char **argv, int run_idx)
{
        int interval = stat_config.interval;
        int times = stat_config.times;
        int timeout = stat_config.timeout;
        char msg[BUFSIZ];
        unsigned long long t0, t1;
        struct evsel *counter;
        struct timespec ts;
        size_t l;
        int status = 0;
        const bool forks = (argc > 0);
        bool is_pipe = STAT_RECORD ? perf_stat.data.is_pipe : false;
        struct affinity affinity;
        int i, cpu;
        bool second_pass = false;

        if (interval) {
                ts.tv_sec  = interval / USEC_PER_MSEC;
                ts.tv_nsec = (interval % USEC_PER_MSEC) * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        } else if (timeout) {
                ts.tv_sec  = timeout / USEC_PER_MSEC;
                ts.tv_nsec = (timeout % USEC_PER_MSEC) * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        } else {
                ts.tv_sec  = 1;
                ts.tv_nsec = 0;
        }

        if (forks) {
                if (perf_evlist__prepare_workload(evsel_list, &target, argv, is_pipe,
                                                  workload_exec_failed_signal) < 0) {
                        perror("failed to prepare workload");
                        return -1;
                }
                child_pid = evsel_list->workload.pid;
        }

        if (group)
                perf_evlist__set_leader(evsel_list);

        if (affinity__setup(&affinity) < 0)
                return -1;

        evlist__for_each_cpu (evsel_list, i, cpu) {
                affinity__set(&affinity, cpu);

                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                        if (evsel__cpu_iter_skip(counter, cpu))
                                continue;
                        if (counter->reset_group || counter->errored)
                                continue;
try_again:
                        if (create_perf_stat_counter(counter, &stat_config, &target,
                                                     counter->cpu_iter - 1) < 0) {

                                /*
                                 * Weak group failed. We cannot just undo this here
                                 * because earlier CPUs might be in group mode, and the kernel
                                 * doesn't support mixing group and non group reads. Defer
                                 * it to later.
                                 * Don't close here because we're in the wrong affinity.
                                 */
                                if ((errno == EINVAL || errno == EBADF) &&
                                    counter->leader != counter &&
                                    counter->weak_group) {
                                        perf_evlist__reset_weak_group(evsel_list, counter, false);
                                        assert(counter->reset_group);
                                        second_pass = true;
                                        continue;
                                }

                                switch (stat_handle_error(counter)) {
                                case COUNTER_FATAL:
                                        return -1;
                                case COUNTER_RETRY:
                                        goto try_again;
                                case COUNTER_SKIP:
                                        continue;
                                default:
                                        break;
                                }

                        }
                        counter->supported = true;
                }
        }

        if (second_pass) {
                /*
                 * Now redo all the weak group after closing them,
                 * and also close errored counters.
                 */

                evlist__for_each_cpu(evsel_list, i, cpu) {
                        affinity__set(&affinity, cpu);
                        /* First close errored or weak retry */
                        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                                if (!counter->reset_group && !counter->errored)
                                        continue;
                                if (evsel__cpu_iter_skip_no_inc(counter, cpu))
                                        continue;
                                perf_evsel__close_cpu(&counter->core, counter->cpu_iter);
                        }
                        /* Now reopen weak */
                        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                                if (!counter->reset_group && !counter->errored)
                                        continue;
                                if (evsel__cpu_iter_skip(counter, cpu))
                                        continue;
                                if (!counter->reset_group)
                                        continue;
try_again_reset:
                                pr_debug2("reopening weak %s\n", perf_evsel__name(counter));
                                if (create_perf_stat_counter(counter, &stat_config, &target,
                                                             counter->cpu_iter - 1) < 0) {

                                        switch (stat_handle_error(counter)) {
                                        case COUNTER_FATAL:
                                                return -1;
                                        case COUNTER_RETRY:
                                                goto try_again_reset;
                                        case COUNTER_SKIP:
                                                continue;
                                        default:
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                counter->supported = true;
                        }
                }
        }
        affinity__cleanup(&affinity);

        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                if (!counter->supported) {
                        perf_evsel__free_fd(&counter->core);
                        continue;
                }

                l = strlen(counter->unit);
                if (l > stat_config.unit_width)
                        stat_config.unit_width = l;

                if (perf_evsel__should_store_id(counter) &&
                    perf_evsel__store_ids(counter, evsel_list))
                        return -1;
        }

        if (perf_evlist__apply_filters(evsel_list, &counter)) {
                pr_err("failed to set filter \"%s\" on event %s with %d (%s)\n",
                        counter->filter, perf_evsel__name(counter), errno,
                        str_error_r(errno, msg, sizeof(msg)));
                return -1;
        }

        if (STAT_RECORD) {
                int err, fd = perf_data__fd(&perf_stat.data);

                if (is_pipe) {
                        err = perf_header__write_pipe(perf_data__fd(&perf_stat.data));
                } else {
                        err = perf_session__write_header(perf_stat.session, evsel_list,
                                                         fd, false);
                }

                if (err < 0)
                        return err;

                err = perf_event__synthesize_stat_events(&stat_config, NULL, evsel_list,
                                                         process_synthesized_event, is_pipe);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
        }

        /*
         * Enable counters and exec the command:
         */
        t0 = rdclock();
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ref_time);

        if (forks) {
                perf_evlist__start_workload(evsel_list);
                enable_counters();

                if (interval || timeout) {
                        while (!waitpid(child_pid, &status, WNOHANG)) {
                                nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
                                if (timeout)
                                        break;
                                process_interval();
                                if (interval_count && !(--times))
                                        break;
                        }
                }
                if (child_pid != -1)
                        wait4(child_pid, &status, 0, &stat_config.ru_data);

                if (workload_exec_errno) {
                        const char *emsg = str_error_r(workload_exec_errno, msg, sizeof(msg));
                        pr_err("Workload failed: %s\n", emsg);
                        return -1;
                }

                if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
                        psignal(WTERMSIG(status), argv[0]);
        } else {
                enable_counters();
                while (!done) {
                        nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
                        if (!is_target_alive(&target, evsel_list->core.threads))
                                break;
                        if (timeout)
                                break;
                        if (interval) {
                                process_interval();
                                if (interval_count && !(--times))
                                        break;
                        }
                }
        }

        disable_counters();

        t1 = rdclock();

        if (stat_config.walltime_run_table)
                stat_config.walltime_run[run_idx] = t1 - t0;

        update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, t1 - t0);

        /*
         * Closing a group leader splits the group, and as we only disable
         * group leaders, results in remaining events becoming enabled. To
         * avoid arbitrary skew, we must read all counters before closing any
         * group leaders.
         */
        read_counters(&(struct timespec) { .tv_nsec = t1-t0 });

        /*
         * We need to keep evsel_list alive, because it's processed
         * later the evsel_list will be closed after.
         */
        if (!STAT_RECORD)
                evlist__close(evsel_list);

        return WEXITSTATUS(status);
}

static int run_perf_stat(int argc, const char **argv, int run_idx)
{
        int ret;

        if (pre_cmd) {
                ret = system(pre_cmd);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        if (sync_run)
                sync();

        ret = __run_perf_stat(argc, argv, run_idx);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (post_cmd) {
                ret = system(post_cmd);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        return ret;
}

static void print_counters(struct timespec *ts, int argc, const char **argv)
{
        /* Do not print anything if we record to the pipe. */
        if (STAT_RECORD && perf_stat.data.is_pipe)
                return;

        perf_evlist__print_counters(evsel_list, &stat_config, &target,
                                    ts, argc, argv);
}

static volatile int signr = -1;

static void skip_signal(int signo)
{
        if ((child_pid == -1) || stat_config.interval)
                done = 1;

        signr = signo;
        /*
         * render child_pid harmless
         * won't send SIGTERM to a random
         * process in case of race condition
         * and fast PID recycling
         */
        child_pid = -1;
}

static void sig_atexit(void)
{
        sigset_t set, oset;

        /*
         * avoid race condition with SIGCHLD handler
         * in skip_signal() which is modifying child_pid
         * goal is to avoid send SIGTERM to a random
         * process
         */
        sigemptyset(&set);
        sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
        sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oset);

        if (child_pid != -1)
                kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);

        sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oset, NULL);

        if (signr == -1)
                return;

        signal(signr, SIG_DFL);
        kill(getpid(), signr);
}

static int stat__set_big_num(const struct option *opt __maybe_unused,
                             const char *s __maybe_unused, int unset)
{
        big_num_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
        return 0;
}

static int enable_metric_only(const struct option *opt __maybe_unused,
                              const char *s __maybe_unused, int unset)
{
        force_metric_only = true;
        stat_config.metric_only = !unset;
        return 0;
}

static int parse_metric_groups(const struct option *opt,
                               const char *str,
                               int unset __maybe_unused)
{
        return metricgroup__parse_groups(opt, str, &stat_config.metric_events);
}

static struct option stat_options[] = {
        OPT_BOOLEAN('T', "transaction", &transaction_run,
                    "hardware transaction statistics"),
        OPT_CALLBACK('e', "event", &evsel_list, "event",
                     "event selector. use 'perf list' to list available events",
                     parse_events_option),
        OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter", &evsel_list, "filter",
                     "event filter", parse_filter),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "no-inherit", &stat_config.no_inherit,
                    "child tasks do not inherit counters"),
        OPT_STRING('p', "pid", &target.pid, "pid",
                   "stat events on existing process id"),
        OPT_STRING('t', "tid", &target.tid, "tid",
                   "stat events on existing thread id"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all-cpus", &target.system_wide,
                    "system-wide collection from all CPUs"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('g', "group", &group,
                    "put the counters into a counter group"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "scale", &stat_config.scale,
                    "Use --no-scale to disable counter scaling for multiplexing"),
        OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
                    "be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc)"),
        OPT_INTEGER('r', "repeat", &stat_config.run_count,
                    "repeat command and print average + stddev (max: 100, forever: 0)"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "table", &stat_config.walltime_run_table,
                    "display details about each run (only with -r option)"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "null", &stat_config.null_run,
                    "null run - dont start any counters"),
        OPT_INCR('d', "detailed", &detailed_run,
                    "detailed run - start a lot of events"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('S', "sync", &sync_run,
                    "call sync() before starting a run"),
        OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT('B', "big-num", NULL, NULL,
                           "print large numbers with thousands\' separators",
                           stat__set_big_num),
        OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &target.cpu_list, "cpu",
                    "list of cpus to monitor in system-wide"),
        OPT_SET_UINT('A', "no-aggr", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                    "disable CPU count aggregation", AGGR_NONE),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-merge", &stat_config.no_merge, "Do not merge identical named events"),
        OPT_STRING('x', "field-separator", &stat_config.csv_sep, "separator",
                   "print counts with custom separator"),
        OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &evsel_list, "name",
                     "monitor event in cgroup name only", parse_cgroups),
        OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file", "output file name"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "append", &append_file, "append to the output file"),
        OPT_INTEGER(0, "log-fd", &output_fd,
                    "log output to fd, instead of stderr"),
        OPT_STRING(0, "pre", &pre_cmd, "command",
                        "command to run prior to the measured command"),
        OPT_STRING(0, "post", &post_cmd, "command",
                        "command to run after to the measured command"),
        OPT_UINTEGER('I', "interval-print", &stat_config.interval,
                    "print counts at regular interval in ms "
                    "(overhead is possible for values <= 100ms)"),
        OPT_INTEGER(0, "interval-count", &stat_config.times,
                    "print counts for fixed number of times"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interval-clear", &stat_config.interval_clear,
                    "clear screen in between new interval"),
        OPT_UINTEGER(0, "timeout", &stat_config.timeout,
                    "stop workload and print counts after a timeout period in ms (>= 10ms)"),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-socket", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per processor socket", AGGR_SOCKET),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-die", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per processor die", AGGR_DIE),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-core", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per physical processor core", AGGR_CORE),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-thread", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per thread", AGGR_THREAD),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-node", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per numa node", AGGR_NODE),
        OPT_UINTEGER('D', "delay", &stat_config.initial_delay,
                     "ms to wait before starting measurement after program start"),
        OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT(0, "metric-only", &stat_config.metric_only, NULL,
                        "Only print computed metrics. No raw values", enable_metric_only),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topdown", &topdown_run,
                        "measure topdown level 1 statistics"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "smi-cost", &smi_cost,
                        "measure SMI cost"),
        OPT_CALLBACK('M', "metrics", &evsel_list, "metric/metric group list",
                     "monitor specified metrics or metric groups (separated by ,)",
                     parse_metric_groups),
        OPT_BOOLEAN_FLAG(0, "all-kernel", &stat_config.all_kernel,
                         "Configure all used events to run in kernel space.",
                         PARSE_OPT_EXCLUSIVE),
        OPT_BOOLEAN_FLAG(0, "all-user", &stat_config.all_user,
                         "Configure all used events to run in user space.",
                         PARSE_OPT_EXCLUSIVE),
        OPT_END()
};

static int perf_stat__get_socket(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                                 struct perf_cpu_map *map, int cpu)
{
        return cpu_map__get_socket(map, cpu, NULL);
}

static int perf_stat__get_die(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                              struct perf_cpu_map *map, int cpu)
{
        return cpu_map__get_die(map, cpu, NULL);
}

static int perf_stat__get_core(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                               struct perf_cpu_map *map, int cpu)
{
        return cpu_map__get_core(map, cpu, NULL);
}

static int perf_stat__get_node(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                               struct perf_cpu_map *map, int cpu)
{
        return cpu_map__get_node(map, cpu, NULL);
}

static int perf_stat__get_aggr(struct perf_stat_config *config,
                               aggr_get_id_t get_id, struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        int cpu;

        if (idx >= map->nr)
                return -1;

        cpu = map->map[idx];

        if (config->cpus_aggr_map->map[cpu] == -1)
                config->cpus_aggr_map->map[cpu] = get_id(config, map, idx);

        return config->cpus_aggr_map->map[cpu];
}

static int perf_stat__get_socket_cached(struct perf_stat_config *config,
                                        struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_stat__get_aggr(config, perf_stat__get_socket, map, idx);
}

static int perf_stat__get_die_cached(struct perf_stat_config *config,
                                        struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_stat__get_aggr(config, perf_stat__get_die, map, idx);
}

static int perf_stat__get_core_cached(struct perf_stat_config *config,
                                      struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_stat__get_aggr(config, perf_stat__get_core, map, idx);
}

static int perf_stat__get_node_cached(struct perf_stat_config *config,
                                      struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_stat__get_aggr(config, perf_stat__get_node, map, idx);
}

static bool term_percore_set(void)
{

        struct evsel *counter;

        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                if (counter->percore)
                        return true;
        }

        return false;
}

static int perf_stat_init_aggr_mode(void)
{
        int nr;

        switch (stat_config.aggr_mode) {
        case AGGR_SOCKET:
                if (cpu_map__build_socket_map(evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build socket map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_socket_cached;
                break;
        case AGGR_DIE:
                if (cpu_map__build_die_map(evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build die map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_die_cached;
                break;
        case AGGR_CORE:
                if (cpu_map__build_core_map(evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build core map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_core_cached;
                break;
        case AGGR_NODE:
                if (cpu_map__build_node_map(evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build core map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_node_cached;
                break;
        case AGGR_NONE:
                if (term_percore_set()) {
                        if (cpu_map__build_core_map(evsel_list->core.cpus,
                                                    &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                                perror("cannot build core map");
                                return -1;
                        }
                        stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_core_cached;
                }
                break;
        case AGGR_GLOBAL:
        case AGGR_THREAD:
        case AGGR_UNSET:
        default:
                break;
        }

        /*
         * The evsel_list->cpus is the base we operate on,
         * taking the highest cpu number to be the size of
         * the aggregation translate cpumap.
         */
        nr = perf_cpu_map__max(evsel_list->core.cpus);
        stat_config.cpus_aggr_map = perf_cpu_map__empty_new(nr + 1);
        return stat_config.cpus_aggr_map ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
}

static void perf_stat__exit_aggr_mode(void)
{
        perf_cpu_map__put(stat_config.aggr_map);
        perf_cpu_map__put(stat_config.cpus_aggr_map);
        stat_config.aggr_map = NULL;
        stat_config.cpus_aggr_map = NULL;
}

static inline int perf_env__get_cpu(struct perf_env *env, struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        int cpu;

        if (idx > map->nr)
                return -1;

        cpu = map->map[idx];

        if (cpu >= env->nr_cpus_avail)
                return -1;

        return cpu;
}

static int perf_env__get_socket(struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx, void *data)
{
        struct perf_env *env = data;
        int cpu = perf_env__get_cpu(env, map, idx);

        return cpu == -1 ? -1 : env->cpu[cpu].socket_id;
}

static int perf_env__get_die(struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx, void *data)
{
        struct perf_env *env = data;
        int die_id = -1, cpu = perf_env__get_cpu(env, map, idx);

        if (cpu != -1) {
                /*
                 * Encode socket in bit range 15:8
                 * die_id is relative to socket,
                 * we need a global id. So we combine
                 * socket + die id
                 */
                if (WARN_ONCE(env->cpu[cpu].socket_id >> 8, "The socket id number is too big.\n"))
                        return -1;

                if (WARN_ONCE(env->cpu[cpu].die_id >> 8, "The die id number is too big.\n"))
                        return -1;

                die_id = (env->cpu[cpu].socket_id << 8) | (env->cpu[cpu].die_id & 0xff);
        }

        return die_id;
}

static int perf_env__get_core(struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx, void *data)
{
        struct perf_env *env = data;
        int core = -1, cpu = perf_env__get_cpu(env, map, idx);

        if (cpu != -1) {
                /*
                 * Encode socket in bit range 31:24
                 * encode die id in bit range 23:16
                 * core_id is relative to socket and die,
                 * we need a global id. So we combine
                 * socket + die id + core id
                 */
                if (WARN_ONCE(env->cpu[cpu].socket_id >> 8, "The socket id number is too big.\n"))
                        return -1;

                if (WARN_ONCE(env->cpu[cpu].die_id >> 8, "The die id number is too big.\n"))
                        return -1;

                if (WARN_ONCE(env->cpu[cpu].core_id >> 16, "The core id number is too big.\n"))
                        return -1;

                core = (env->cpu[cpu].socket_id << 24) |
                       (env->cpu[cpu].die_id << 16) |
                       (env->cpu[cpu].core_id & 0xffff);
        }

        return core;
}

static int perf_env__get_node(struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx, void *data)
{
        int cpu = perf_env__get_cpu(data, map, idx);

        return perf_env__numa_node(data, cpu);
}

static int perf_env__build_socket_map(struct perf_env *env, struct perf_cpu_map *cpus,
                                      struct perf_cpu_map **sockp)
{
        return cpu_map__build_map(cpus, sockp, perf_env__get_socket, env);
}

static int perf_env__build_die_map(struct perf_env *env, struct perf_cpu_map *cpus,
                                   struct perf_cpu_map **diep)
{
        return cpu_map__build_map(cpus, diep, perf_env__get_die, env);
}

static int perf_env__build_core_map(struct perf_env *env, struct perf_cpu_map *cpus,
                                    struct perf_cpu_map **corep)
{
        return cpu_map__build_map(cpus, corep, perf_env__get_core, env);
}

static int perf_env__build_node_map(struct perf_env *env, struct perf_cpu_map *cpus,
                                    struct perf_cpu_map **nodep)
{
        return cpu_map__build_map(cpus, nodep, perf_env__get_node, env);
}

static int perf_stat__get_socket_file(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                                      struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_env__get_socket(map, idx, &perf_stat.session->header.env);
}
static int perf_stat__get_die_file(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                                   struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_env__get_die(map, idx, &perf_stat.session->header.env);
}

static int perf_stat__get_core_file(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                                    struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_env__get_core(map, idx, &perf_stat.session->header.env);
}

static int perf_stat__get_node_file(struct perf_stat_config *config __maybe_unused,
                                    struct perf_cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_env__get_node(map, idx, &perf_stat.session->header.env);
}

static int perf_stat_init_aggr_mode_file(struct perf_stat *st)
{
        struct perf_env *env = &st->session->header.env;

        switch (stat_config.aggr_mode) {
        case AGGR_SOCKET:
                if (perf_env__build_socket_map(env, evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build socket map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_socket_file;
                break;
        case AGGR_DIE:
                if (perf_env__build_die_map(env, evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build die map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_die_file;
                break;
        case AGGR_CORE:
                if (perf_env__build_core_map(env, evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build core map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_core_file;
                break;
        case AGGR_NODE:
                if (perf_env__build_node_map(env, evsel_list->core.cpus, &stat_config.aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build core map");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_node_file;
                break;
        case AGGR_NONE:
        case AGGR_GLOBAL:
        case AGGR_THREAD:
        case AGGR_UNSET:
        default:
                break;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int topdown_filter_events(const char **attr, char **str, bool use_group)
{
        int off = 0;
        int i;
        int len = 0;
        char *s;

        for (i = 0; attr[i]; i++) {
                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", attr[i])) {
                        len += strlen(attr[i]) + 1;
                        attr[i - off] = attr[i];
                } else
                        off++;
        }
        attr[i - off] = NULL;

        *str = malloc(len + 1 + 2);
        if (!*str)
                return -1;
        s = *str;
        if (i - off == 0) {
                *s = 0;
                return 0;
        }
        if (use_group)
                *s++ = '{';
        for (i = 0; attr[i]; i++) {
                strcpy(s, attr[i]);
                s += strlen(s);
                *s++ = ',';
        }
        if (use_group) {
                s[-1] = '}';
                *s = 0;
        } else
                s[-1] = 0;
        return 0;
}

__weak bool arch_topdown_check_group(bool *warn)
{
        *warn = false;
        return false;
}

__weak void arch_topdown_group_warn(void)
{
}

/*
 * Add default attributes, if there were no attributes specified or
 * if -d/--detailed, -d -d or -d -d -d is used:
 */
static int add_default_attributes(void)
{
        int err;
        struct perf_event_attr default_attrs0[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK              },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES        },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS          },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS             },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES              },
};
        struct perf_event_attr frontend_attrs[] = {
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND },
};
        struct perf_event_attr backend_attrs[] = {
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND  },
};
        struct perf_event_attr default_attrs1[] = {
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS            },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS     },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES           },

};

/*
 * Detailed stats (-d), covering the L1 and last level data caches:
 */
        struct perf_event_attr detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL                 <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL                 <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
};

/*
 * Very detailed stats (-d -d), covering the instruction cache and the TLB caches:
 */
        struct perf_event_attr very_detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

};

/*
 * Very, very detailed stats (-d -d -d), adding prefetch events:
 */
        struct perf_event_attr very_very_detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH        <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH        <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
};
        struct parse_events_error errinfo;

        /* Set attrs if no event is selected and !null_run: */
        if (stat_config.null_run)
                return 0;

        bzero(&errinfo, sizeof(errinfo));
        if (transaction_run) {
                /* Handle -T as -M transaction. Once platform specific metrics
                 * support has been added to the json files, all archictures
                 * will use this approach. To determine transaction support
                 * on an architecture test for such a metric name.
                 */
                if (metricgroup__has_metric("transaction")) {
                        struct option opt = { .value = &evsel_list };

                        return metricgroup__parse_groups(&opt, "transaction",
                                                         &stat_config.metric_events);
                }

                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", "cycles-ct") &&
                    pmu_have_event("cpu", "el-start"))
                        err = parse_events(evsel_list, transaction_attrs,
                                           &errinfo);
                else
                        err = parse_events(evsel_list,
                                           transaction_limited_attrs,
                                           &errinfo);
                if (err) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot set up transaction events\n");
                        parse_events_print_error(&errinfo, transaction_attrs);
                        return -1;
                }
                return 0;
        }

        if (smi_cost) {
                int smi;

                if (sysfs__read_int(FREEZE_ON_SMI_PATH, &smi) < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "freeze_on_smi is not supported.\n");
                        return -1;
                }

                if (!smi) {
                        if (sysfs__write_int(FREEZE_ON_SMI_PATH, 1) < 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set freeze_on_smi.\n");
                                return -1;
                        }
                        smi_reset = true;
                }

                if (pmu_have_event("msr", "aperf") &&
                    pmu_have_event("msr", "smi")) {
                        if (!force_metric_only)
                                stat_config.metric_only = true;
                        err = parse_events(evsel_list, smi_cost_attrs, &errinfo);
                } else {
                        fprintf(stderr, "To measure SMI cost, it needs "
                                "msr/aperf/, msr/smi/ and cpu/cycles/ support\n");
                        parse_events_print_error(&errinfo, smi_cost_attrs);
                        return -1;
                }
                if (err) {
                        parse_events_print_error(&errinfo, smi_cost_attrs);
                        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot set up SMI cost events\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                return 0;
        }

        if (topdown_run) {
                char *str = NULL;
                bool warn = false;

                if (stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_GLOBAL &&
                    stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_CORE) {
                        pr_err("top down event configuration requires --per-core mode\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_mode = AGGR_CORE;
                if (nr_cgroups || !target__has_cpu(&target)) {
                        pr_err("top down event configuration requires system-wide mode (-a)\n");
                        return -1;
                }

                if (!force_metric_only)
                        stat_config.metric_only = true;
                if (topdown_filter_events(topdown_attrs, &str,
                                arch_topdown_check_group(&warn)) < 0) {
                        pr_err("Out of memory\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                if (topdown_attrs[0] && str) {
                        if (warn)
                                arch_topdown_group_warn();
                        err = parse_events(evsel_list, str, &errinfo);
                        if (err) {
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                        "Cannot set up top down events %s: %d\n",
                                        str, err);
                                parse_events_print_error(&errinfo, str);
                                free(str);
                                return -1;
                        }
                } else {
                        fprintf(stderr, "System does not support topdown\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                free(str);
        }

        if (!evsel_list->core.nr_entries) {
                if (target__has_cpu(&target))
                        default_attrs0[0].config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK;

                if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, default_attrs0) < 0)
                        return -1;
                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", "stalled-cycles-frontend")) {
                        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list,
                                                frontend_attrs) < 0)
                                return -1;
                }
                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", "stalled-cycles-backend")) {
                        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list,
                                                backend_attrs) < 0)
                                return -1;
                }
                if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, default_attrs1) < 0)
                        return -1;
        }

        /* Detailed events get appended to the event list: */

        if (detailed_run <  1)
                return 0;

        /* Append detailed run extra attributes: */
        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, detailed_attrs) < 0)
                return -1;

        if (detailed_run < 2)
                return 0;

        /* Append very detailed run extra attributes: */
        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, very_detailed_attrs) < 0)
                return -1;

        if (detailed_run < 3)
                return 0;

        /* Append very, very detailed run extra attributes: */
        return perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, very_very_detailed_attrs);
}

static const char * const stat_record_usage[] = {
        "perf stat record [<options>]",
        NULL,
};

static void init_features(struct perf_session *session)
{
        int feat;

        for (feat = HEADER_FIRST_FEATURE; feat < HEADER_LAST_FEATURE; feat++)
                perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, feat);

        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_DIR_FORMAT);
        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_BUILD_ID);
        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_TRACING_DATA);
        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_BRANCH_STACK);
        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_AUXTRACE);
}

static int __cmd_record(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        struct perf_session *session;
        struct perf_data *data = &perf_stat.data;

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, stat_options, stat_record_usage,
                             PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);

        if (output_name)
                data->path = output_name;

        if (stat_config.run_count != 1 || forever) {
                pr_err("Cannot use -r option with perf stat record.\n");
                return -1;
        }

        session = perf_session__new(data, false, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(session)) {
                pr_err("Perf session creation failed\n");
                return PTR_ERR(session);
        }

        init_features(session);

        session->evlist   = evsel_list;
        perf_stat.session = session;
        perf_stat.record  = true;
        return argc;
}

static int process_stat_round_event(struct perf_session *session,
                                    union perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_record_stat_round *stat_round = &event->stat_round;
        struct evsel *counter;
        struct timespec tsh, *ts = NULL;
        const char **argv = session->header.env.cmdline_argv;
        int argc = session->header.env.nr_cmdline;

        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter)
                perf_stat_process_counter(&stat_config, counter);

        if (stat_round->type == PERF_STAT_ROUND_TYPE__FINAL)
                update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, stat_round->time);

        if (stat_config.interval && stat_round->time) {
                tsh.tv_sec  = stat_round->time / NSEC_PER_SEC;
                tsh.tv_nsec = stat_round->time % NSEC_PER_SEC;
                ts = &tsh;
        }

        print_counters(ts, argc, argv);
        return 0;
}

static
int process_stat_config_event(struct perf_session *session,
                              union perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_tool *tool = session->tool;
        struct perf_stat *st = container_of(tool, struct perf_stat, tool);

        perf_event__read_stat_config(&stat_config, &event->stat_config);

        if (perf_cpu_map__empty(st->cpus)) {
                if (st->aggr_mode != AGGR_UNSET)
                        pr_warning("warning: processing task data, aggregation mode not set\n");
                return 0;
        }

        if (st->aggr_mode != AGGR_UNSET)
                stat_config.aggr_mode = st->aggr_mode;

        if (perf_stat.data.is_pipe)
                perf_stat_init_aggr_mode();
        else
                perf_stat_init_aggr_mode_file(st);

        return 0;
}

static int set_maps(struct perf_stat *st)
{
        if (!st->cpus || !st->threads)
                return 0;

        if (WARN_ONCE(st->maps_allocated, "stats double allocation\n"))
                return -EINVAL;

        perf_evlist__set_maps(&evsel_list->core, st->cpus, st->threads);

        if (perf_evlist__alloc_stats(evsel_list, true))
                return -ENOMEM;

        st->maps_allocated = true;
        return 0;
}

static
int process_thread_map_event(struct perf_session *session,
                             union perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_tool *tool = session->tool;
        struct perf_stat *st = container_of(tool, struct perf_stat, tool);

        if (st->threads) {
                pr_warning("Extra thread map event, ignoring.\n");
                return 0;
        }

        st->threads = thread_map__new_event(&event->thread_map);
        if (!st->threads)
                return -ENOMEM;

        return set_maps(st);
}

static
int process_cpu_map_event(struct perf_session *session,
                          union perf_event *event)
{
        struct perf_tool *tool = session->tool;
        struct perf_stat *st = container_of(tool, struct perf_stat, tool);
        struct perf_cpu_map *cpus;

        if (st->cpus) {
                pr_warning("Extra cpu map event, ignoring.\n");
                return 0;
        }

        cpus = cpu_map__new_data(&event->cpu_map.data);
        if (!cpus)
                return -ENOMEM;

        st->cpus = cpus;
        return set_maps(st);
}

static int runtime_stat_new(struct perf_stat_config *config, int nthreads)
{
        int i;

        config->stats = calloc(nthreads, sizeof(struct runtime_stat));
        if (!config->stats)
                return -1;

        config->stats_num = nthreads;

        for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
                runtime_stat__init(&config->stats[i]);

        return 0;
}

static void runtime_stat_delete(struct perf_stat_config *config)
{
        int i;

        if (!config->stats)
                return;

        for (i = 0; i < config->stats_num; i++)
                runtime_stat__exit(&config->stats[i]);

        zfree(&config->stats);
}

static const char * const stat_report_usage[] = {
        "perf stat report [<options>]",
        NULL,
};

static struct perf_stat perf_stat = {
        .tool = {
                .attr           = perf_event__process_attr,
                .event_update   = perf_event__process_event_update,
                .thread_map     = process_thread_map_event,
                .cpu_map        = process_cpu_map_event,
                .stat_config    = process_stat_config_event,
                .stat           = perf_event__process_stat_event,
                .stat_round     = process_stat_round_event,
        },
        .aggr_mode = AGGR_UNSET,
};

static int __cmd_report(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        struct perf_session *session;
        const struct option options[] = {
        OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file", "input file name"),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-socket", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per processor socket", AGGR_SOCKET),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-die", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per processor die", AGGR_DIE),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-core", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per physical processor core", AGGR_CORE),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-node", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per numa node", AGGR_NODE),
        OPT_SET_UINT('A', "no-aggr", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "disable CPU count aggregation", AGGR_NONE),
        OPT_END()
        };
        struct stat st;
        int ret;

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, options, stat_report_usage, 0);

        if (!input_name || !strlen(input_name)) {
                if (!fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) && S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode))
                        input_name = "-";
                else
                        input_name = "perf.data";
        }

        perf_stat.data.path = input_name;
        perf_stat.data.mode = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ;

        session = perf_session__new(&perf_stat.data, false, &perf_stat.tool);
        if (IS_ERR(session))
                return PTR_ERR(session);

        perf_stat.session  = session;
        stat_config.output = stderr;
        evsel_list         = session->evlist;

        ret = perf_session__process_events(session);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        perf_session__delete(session);
        return 0;
}

static void setup_system_wide(int forks)
{
        /*
         * Make system wide (-a) the default target if
         * no target was specified and one of following
         * conditions is met:
         *
         *   - there's no workload specified
         *   - there is workload specified but all requested
         *     events are system wide events
         */
        if (!target__none(&target))
                return;

        if (!forks)
                target.system_wide = true;
        else {
                struct evsel *counter;

                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                        if (!counter->core.system_wide)
                                return;
                }

                if (evsel_list->core.nr_entries)
                        target.system_wide = true;
        }
}

int cmd_stat(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        const char * const stat_usage[] = {
                "perf stat [<options>] [<command>]",
                NULL
        };
        int status = -EINVAL, run_idx;
        const char *mode;
        FILE *output = stderr;
        unsigned int interval, timeout;
        const char * const stat_subcommands[] = { "record", "report" };

        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

        evsel_list = evlist__new();
        if (evsel_list == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;

        parse_events__shrink_config_terms();

        /* String-parsing callback-based options would segfault when negated */
        set_option_flag(stat_options, 'e', "event", PARSE_OPT_NONEG);
        set_option_flag(stat_options, 'M', "metrics", PARSE_OPT_NONEG);
        set_option_flag(stat_options, 'G', "cgroup", PARSE_OPT_NONEG);

        argc = parse_options_subcommand(argc, argv, stat_options, stat_subcommands,
                                        (const char **) stat_usage,
                                        PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
        perf_stat__collect_metric_expr(evsel_list);
        perf_stat__init_shadow_stats();

        if (stat_config.csv_sep) {
                stat_config.csv_output = true;
                if (!strcmp(stat_config.csv_sep, "\\t"))
                        stat_config.csv_sep = "\t";
        } else
                stat_config.csv_sep = DEFAULT_SEPARATOR;

        if (argc && !strncmp(argv[0], "rec", 3)) {
                argc = __cmd_record(argc, argv);
                if (argc < 0)
                        return -1;
        } else if (argc && !strncmp(argv[0], "rep", 3))
                return __cmd_report(argc, argv);

        interval = stat_config.interval;
        timeout = stat_config.timeout;

        /*
         * For record command the -o is already taken care of.
         */
        if (!STAT_RECORD && output_name && strcmp(output_name, "-"))
                output = NULL;

        if (output_name && output_fd) {
                fprintf(stderr, "cannot use both --output and --log-fd\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "o", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "log-fd", 0);
                goto out;
        }

        if (stat_config.metric_only && stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_THREAD) {
                fprintf(stderr, "--metric-only is not supported with --per-thread\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (stat_config.metric_only && stat_config.run_count > 1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "--metric-only is not supported with -r\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (stat_config.walltime_run_table && stat_config.run_count <= 1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "--table is only supported with -r\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "r", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "table", 0);
                goto out;
        }

        if (output_fd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "argument to --log-fd must be a > 0\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "log-fd", 0);
                goto out;
        }

        if (!output) {
                struct timespec tm;
                mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";

                output = fopen(output_name, mode);
                if (!output) {
                        perror("failed to create output file");
                        return -1;
                }
                clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tm);
                fprintf(output, "# started on %s\n", ctime(&tm.tv_sec));
        } else if (output_fd > 0) {
                mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";
                output = fdopen(output_fd, mode);
                if (!output) {
                        perror("Failed opening logfd");
                        return -errno;
                }
        }

        stat_config.output = output;

        /*
         * let the spreadsheet do the pretty-printing
         */
        if (stat_config.csv_output) {
                /* User explicitly passed -B? */
                if (big_num_opt == 1) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "-B option not supported with -x\n");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "B", 1);
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "x", 1);
                        goto out;
                } else /* Nope, so disable big number formatting */
                        stat_config.big_num = false;
        } else if (big_num_opt == 0) /* User passed --no-big-num */
                stat_config.big_num = false;

        setup_system_wide(argc);

        /*
         * Display user/system times only for single
         * run and when there's specified tracee.
         */
        if ((stat_config.run_count == 1) && target__none(&target))
                stat_config.ru_display = true;

        if (stat_config.run_count < 0) {
                pr_err("Run count must be a positive number\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "r", 1);
                goto out;
        } else if (stat_config.run_count == 0) {
                forever = true;
                stat_config.run_count = 1;
        }

        if (stat_config.walltime_run_table) {
                stat_config.walltime_run = zalloc(stat_config.run_count * sizeof(stat_config.walltime_run[0]));
                if (!stat_config.walltime_run) {
                        pr_err("failed to setup -r option");

                        goto out;
                }
        }

        if ((stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_THREAD) &&
                !target__has_task(&target)) {
                if (!target.system_wide || target.cpu_list) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "The --per-thread option is only "
                                "available when monitoring via -p -t -a "
                                "options or only --per-thread.\n");
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "p", 1);
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "t", 1);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        /*
         * no_aggr, cgroup are for system-wide only
         * --per-thread is aggregated per thread, we dont mix it with cpu mode
         */
        if (((stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_GLOBAL &&
              stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_THREAD) || nr_cgroups) &&
            !target__has_cpu(&target)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "both cgroup and no-aggregation "
                        "modes only available in system-wide mode\n");

                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "G", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "A", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "a", 1);
                goto out;
        }

        if (add_default_attributes())
                goto out;

        target__validate(&target);

        if ((stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_THREAD) && (target.system_wide))
                target.per_thread = true;

        if (perf_evlist__create_maps(evsel_list, &target) < 0) {
                if (target__has_task(&target)) {
                        pr_err("Problems finding threads of monitor\n");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "p", 1);
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "t", 1);
                } else if (target__has_cpu(&target)) {
                        perror("failed to parse CPUs map");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "C", 1);
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "a", 1);
                }
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Initialize thread_map with comm names,
         * so we could print it out on output.
         */
        if (stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_THREAD) {
                thread_map__read_comms(evsel_list->core.threads);
                if (target.system_wide) {
                        if (runtime_stat_new(&stat_config,
                                perf_thread_map__nr(evsel_list->core.threads))) {
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
        }

        if (stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_NODE)
                cpu__setup_cpunode_map();

        if (stat_config.times && interval)
                interval_count = true;
        else if (stat_config.times && !interval) {
                pr_err("interval-count option should be used together with "
                                "interval-print.\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "interval-count", 0);
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "I", 1);
                goto out;
        }

        if (timeout && timeout < 100) {
                if (timeout < 10) {
                        pr_err("timeout must be >= 10ms.\n");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "timeout", 0);
                        goto out;
                } else
                        pr_warning("timeout < 100ms. "
                                   "The overhead percentage could be high in some cases. "
                                   "Please proceed with caution.\n");
        }
        if (timeout && interval) {
                pr_err("timeout option is not supported with interval-print.\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "timeout", 0);
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "I", 1);
                goto out;
        }

        if (perf_evlist__alloc_stats(evsel_list, interval))
                goto out;

        if (perf_stat_init_aggr_mode())
                goto out;

        /*
         * Set sample_type to PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER, which should be harmless
         * while avoiding that older tools show confusing messages.
         *
         * However for pipe sessions we need to keep it zero,
         * because script's perf_evsel__check_attr is triggered
         * by attr->sample_type != 0, and we can't run it on
         * stat sessions.
         */
        stat_config.identifier = !(STAT_RECORD && perf_stat.data.is_pipe);

        /*
         * We dont want to block the signals - that would cause
         * child tasks to inherit that and Ctrl-C would not work.
         * What we want is for Ctrl-C to work in the exec()-ed
         * task, but being ignored by perf stat itself:
         */
        atexit(sig_atexit);
        if (!forever)
                signal(SIGINT,  skip_signal);
        signal(SIGCHLD, skip_signal);
        signal(SIGALRM, skip_signal);
        signal(SIGABRT, skip_signal);

        status = 0;
        for (run_idx = 0; forever || run_idx < stat_config.run_count; run_idx++) {
                if (stat_config.run_count != 1 && verbose > 0)
                        fprintf(output, "[ perf stat: executing run #%d ... ]\n",
                                run_idx + 1);

                if (run_idx != 0)
                        perf_evlist__reset_prev_raw_counts(evsel_list);

                status = run_perf_stat(argc, argv, run_idx);
                if (forever && status != -1 && !interval) {
                        print_counters(NULL, argc, argv);
                        perf_stat__reset_stats();
                }
        }

        if (!forever && status != -1 && !interval)
                print_counters(NULL, argc, argv);

        if (STAT_RECORD) {
                /*
                 * We synthesize the kernel mmap record just so that older tools
                 * don't emit warnings about not being able to resolve symbols
                 * due to /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict settings and instear provide
                 * a saner message about no samples being in the perf.data file.
                 *
                 * This also serves to suppress a warning about f_header.data.size == 0
                 * in header.c at the moment 'perf stat record' gets introduced, which
                 * is not really needed once we start adding the stat specific PERF_RECORD_
                 * records, but the need to suppress the kptr_restrict messages in older
                 * tools remain  -acme
                 */
                int fd = perf_data__fd(&perf_stat.data);
                int err = perf_event__synthesize_kernel_mmap((void *)&perf_stat,
                                                             process_synthesized_event,
                                                             &perf_stat.session->machines.host);
                if (err) {
                        pr_warning("Couldn't synthesize the kernel mmap record, harmless, "
                                   "older tools may produce warnings about this file\n.");
                }

                if (!interval) {
                        if (WRITE_STAT_ROUND_EVENT(walltime_nsecs_stats.max, FINAL))
                                pr_err("failed to write stat round event\n");
                }

                if (!perf_stat.data.is_pipe) {
                        perf_stat.session->header.data_size += perf_stat.bytes_written;
                        perf_session__write_header(perf_stat.session, evsel_list, fd, true);
                }

                evlist__close(evsel_list);
                perf_session__delete(perf_stat.session);
        }

        perf_stat__exit_aggr_mode();
        perf_evlist__free_stats(evsel_list);
out:
        zfree(&stat_config.walltime_run);

        if (smi_cost && smi_reset)
                sysfs__write_int(FREEZE_ON_SMI_PATH, 0);

        evlist__delete(evsel_list);

        runtime_stat_delete(&stat_config);

        return status;
}