/*
 * builtin-trace.c
 *
 * Builtin 'trace' command:
 *
 * Display a continuously updated trace of any workload, CPU, specific PID,
 * system wide, etc.  Default format is loosely strace like, but any other
 * event may be specified using --event.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Red Hat Inc, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
 *
 * Initially based on the 'trace' prototype by Thomas Gleixner:
 *
 * http://lwn.net/Articles/415728/ ("Announcing a new utility: 'trace'")
 *
 * Released under the GPL v2. (and only v2, not any later version)
 */

#include <traceevent/event-parse.h>
#include <api/fs/tracing_path.h>
#include "builtin.h"
#include "util/cgroup.h"
#include "util/color.h"
#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/env.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include <subcmd/exec-cmd.h>
#include "util/machine.h"
#include "util/path.h"
#include "util/session.h"
#include "util/thread.h"
#include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
#include "util/strlist.h"
#include "util/intlist.h"
#include "util/thread_map.h"
#include "util/stat.h"
#include "trace/beauty/beauty.h"
#include "trace-event.h"
#include "util/parse-events.h"
#include "util/bpf-loader.h"
#include "callchain.h"
#include "print_binary.h"
#include "string2.h"
#include "syscalltbl.h"
#include "rb_resort.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/filter.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include "sane_ctype.h"

#ifndef O_CLOEXEC
# define O_CLOEXEC              02000000
#endif

#ifndef F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE
# define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE  1024
#endif

struct trace {
        struct perf_tool        tool;
        struct syscalltbl       *sctbl;
        struct {
                int             max;
                struct syscall  *table;
                struct {
                        struct perf_evsel *sys_enter,
                                          *sys_exit,
                                          *augmented;
                }               events;
        } syscalls;
        struct record_opts      opts;
        struct perf_evlist      *evlist;
        struct machine          *host;
        struct thread           *current;
        struct cgroup           *cgroup;
        u64                     base_time;
        FILE                    *output;
        unsigned long           nr_events;
        struct strlist          *ev_qualifier;
        struct {
                size_t          nr;
                int             *entries;
        }                       ev_qualifier_ids;
        struct {
                size_t          nr;
                pid_t           *entries;
        }                       filter_pids;
        double                  duration_filter;
        double                  runtime_ms;
        struct {
                u64             vfs_getname,
                                proc_getname;
        } stats;
        unsigned int            max_stack;
        unsigned int            min_stack;
        bool                    not_ev_qualifier;
        bool                    live;
        bool                    full_time;
        bool                    sched;
        bool                    multiple_threads;
        bool                    summary;
        bool                    summary_only;
        bool                    failure_only;
        bool                    show_comm;
        bool                    print_sample;
        bool                    show_tool_stats;
        bool                    trace_syscalls;
        bool                    kernel_syscallchains;
        bool                    force;
        bool                    vfs_getname;
        int                     trace_pgfaults;
};

struct tp_field {
        int offset;
        union {
                u64 (*integer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
                void *(*pointer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
        };
};

#define TP_UINT_FIELD(bits) \
static u64 tp_field__u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
{ \
        u##bits value; \
        memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
        return value;  \
}

TP_UINT_FIELD(8);
TP_UINT_FIELD(16);
TP_UINT_FIELD(32);
TP_UINT_FIELD(64);

#define TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(bits) \
static u64 tp_field__swapped_u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
{ \
        u##bits value; \
        memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
        return bswap_##bits(value);\
}

TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(16);
TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(32);
TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(64);

static int __tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, int size, int offset, bool needs_swap)
{
        field->offset = offset;

        switch (size) {
        case 1:
                field->integer = tp_field__u8;
                break;
        case 2:
                field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u16 : tp_field__u16;
                break;
        case 4:
                field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u32 : tp_field__u32;
                break;
        case 8:
                field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u64 : tp_field__u64;
                break;
        default:
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, struct format_field *format_field, bool needs_swap)
{
        return __tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field->size, format_field->offset, needs_swap);
}

static void *tp_field__ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        return sample->raw_data + field->offset;
}

static int __tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, int offset)
{
        field->offset = offset;
        field->pointer = tp_field__ptr;
        return 0;
}

static int tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct format_field *format_field)
{
        return __tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field->offset);
}

struct syscall_tp {
        struct tp_field id;
        union {
                struct tp_field args, ret;
        };
};

static int perf_evsel__init_tp_uint_field(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                          struct tp_field *field,
                                          const char *name)
{
        struct format_field *format_field = perf_evsel__field(evsel, name);

        if (format_field == NULL)
                return -1;

        return tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field, evsel->needs_swap);
}

#define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, name) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel->priv;\
           perf_evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })

static int perf_evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                         struct tp_field *field,
                                         const char *name)
{
        struct format_field *format_field = perf_evsel__field(evsel, name);

        if (format_field == NULL)
                return -1;

        return tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field);
}

#define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(evsel, name) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel->priv;\
           perf_evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })

static void perf_evsel__delete_priv(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
        zfree(&evsel->priv);
        perf_evsel__delete(evsel);
}

static int perf_evsel__init_syscall_tp(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
        struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel->priv = malloc(sizeof(struct syscall_tp));

        if (evsel->priv != NULL) {
                if (perf_evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->id, "__syscall_nr"))
                        goto out_delete;
                return 0;
        }

        return -ENOMEM;
out_delete:
        zfree(&evsel->priv);
        return -ENOENT;
}

static int perf_evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
        struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel->priv = malloc(sizeof(struct syscall_tp));

        if (evsel->priv != NULL) {       /* field, sizeof_field, offsetof_field */
                if (__tp_field__init_uint(&sc->id, sizeof(long), sizeof(long long), evsel->needs_swap))
                        goto out_delete;

                return 0;
        }

        return -ENOMEM;
out_delete:
        zfree(&evsel->priv);
        return -EINVAL;
}

static int perf_evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
        struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel->priv;

        return __tp_field__init_ptr(&sc->args, sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64));
}

static int perf_evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(struct perf_evsel *evsel, void *handler)
{
        evsel->priv = malloc(sizeof(struct syscall_tp));
        if (evsel->priv != NULL) {
                if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, id))
                        goto out_delete;

                evsel->handler = handler;
                return 0;
        }

        return -ENOMEM;

out_delete:
        zfree(&evsel->priv);
        return -ENOENT;
}

static struct perf_evsel *perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp(const char *direction, void *handler)
{
        struct perf_evsel *evsel = perf_evsel__newtp("raw_syscalls", direction);

        /* older kernel (e.g., RHEL6) use syscalls:{enter,exit} */
        if (IS_ERR(evsel))
                evsel = perf_evsel__newtp("syscalls", direction);

        if (IS_ERR(evsel))
                return NULL;

        if (perf_evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, handler))
                goto out_delete;

        return evsel;

out_delete:
        perf_evsel__delete_priv(evsel);
        return NULL;
}

#define perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, name, sample) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *fields = evsel->priv; \
           fields->name.integer(&fields->name, sample); })

#define perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, name, sample) \
        ({ struct syscall_tp *fields = evsel->priv; \
           fields->name.pointer(&fields->name, sample); })

size_t strarray__scnprintf(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, int val)
{
        int idx = val - sa->offset;

        if (idx < 0 || idx >= sa->nr_entries || sa->entries[idx] == NULL)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);

        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s", sa->entries[idx]);
}

static size_t __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                const char *intfmt,
                                                struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return strarray__scnprintf(arg->parm, bf, size, intfmt, arg->val);
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(bf, size, "%d", arg);
}

#define SCA_STRARRAY syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray

struct strarrays {
        int             nr_entries;
        struct strarray **entries;
};

#define DEFINE_STRARRAYS(array) struct strarrays strarrays__##array = { \
        .nr_entries = ARRAY_SIZE(array), \
        .entries = array, \
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarrays(char *bf, size_t size,
                                        struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        struct strarrays *sas = arg->parm;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < sas->nr_entries; ++i) {
                struct strarray *sa = sas->entries[i];
                int idx = arg->val - sa->offset;

                if (idx >= 0 && idx < sa->nr_entries) {
                        if (sa->entries[idx] == NULL)
                                break;
                        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s", sa->entries[idx]);
                }
        }

        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", arg->val);
}

#ifndef AT_FDCWD
#define AT_FDCWD        -100
#endif

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at(char *bf, size_t size,
                                           struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int fd = arg->val;

        if (fd == AT_FDCWD)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "CWD");

        return syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
}

#define SCA_FDAT syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg);

#define SCA_CLOSE_FD syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#lx", arg->val);
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_int(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", arg->val);
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_long(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", arg->val);
}

static const char *bpf_cmd[] = {
        "MAP_CREATE", "MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM", "MAP_UPDATE_ELEM", "MAP_DELETE_ELEM",
        "MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY", "PROG_LOAD",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(bpf_cmd);

static const char *epoll_ctl_ops[] = { "ADD", "DEL", "MOD", };
static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(epoll_ctl_ops, 1);

static const char *itimers[] = { "REAL", "VIRTUAL", "PROF", };
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(itimers);

static const char *keyctl_options[] = {
        "GET_KEYRING_ID", "JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING", "UPDATE", "REVOKE", "CHOWN",
        "SETPERM", "DESCRIBE", "CLEAR", "LINK", "UNLINK", "SEARCH", "READ",
        "INSTANTIATE", "NEGATE", "SET_REQKEY_KEYRING", "SET_TIMEOUT",
        "ASSUME_AUTHORITY", "GET_SECURITY", "SESSION_TO_PARENT", "REJECT",
        "INSTANTIATE_IOV", "INVALIDATE", "GET_PERSISTENT",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(keyctl_options);

static const char *whences[] = { "SET", "CUR", "END",
#ifdef SEEK_DATA
"DATA",
#endif
#ifdef SEEK_HOLE
"HOLE",
#endif
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(whences);

static const char *fcntl_cmds[] = {
        "DUPFD", "GETFD", "SETFD", "GETFL", "SETFL", "GETLK", "SETLK",
        "SETLKW", "SETOWN", "GETOWN", "SETSIG", "GETSIG", "GETLK64",
        "SETLK64", "SETLKW64", "SETOWN_EX", "GETOWN_EX",
        "GETOWNER_UIDS",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fcntl_cmds);

static const char *fcntl_linux_specific_cmds[] = {
        "SETLEASE", "GETLEASE", "NOTIFY", [5] = "CANCELLK", "DUPFD_CLOEXEC",
        "SETPIPE_SZ", "GETPIPE_SZ", "ADD_SEALS", "GET_SEALS",
        "GET_RW_HINT", "SET_RW_HINT", "GET_FILE_RW_HINT", "SET_FILE_RW_HINT",
};

static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(fcntl_linux_specific_cmds, F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE);

static struct strarray *fcntl_cmds_arrays[] = {
        &strarray__fcntl_cmds,
        &strarray__fcntl_linux_specific_cmds,
};

static DEFINE_STRARRAYS(fcntl_cmds_arrays);

static const char *rlimit_resources[] = {
        "CPU", "FSIZE", "DATA", "STACK", "CORE", "RSS", "NPROC", "NOFILE",
        "MEMLOCK", "AS", "LOCKS", "SIGPENDING", "MSGQUEUE", "NICE", "RTPRIO",
        "RTTIME",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(rlimit_resources);

static const char *sighow[] = { "BLOCK", "UNBLOCK", "SETMASK", };
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(sighow);

static const char *clockid[] = {
        "REALTIME", "MONOTONIC", "PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID", "THREAD_CPUTIME_ID",
        "MONOTONIC_RAW", "REALTIME_COARSE", "MONOTONIC_COARSE", "BOOTTIME",
        "REALTIME_ALARM", "BOOTTIME_ALARM", "SGI_CYCLE", "TAI"
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(clockid);

static const char *socket_families[] = {
        "UNSPEC", "LOCAL", "INET", "AX25", "IPX", "APPLETALK", "NETROM",
        "BRIDGE", "ATMPVC", "X25", "INET6", "ROSE", "DECnet", "NETBEUI",
        "SECURITY", "KEY", "NETLINK", "PACKET", "ASH", "ECONET", "ATMSVC",
        "RDS", "SNA", "IRDA", "PPPOX", "WANPIPE", "LLC", "IB", "CAN", "TIPC",
        "BLUETOOTH", "IUCV", "RXRPC", "ISDN", "PHONET", "IEEE802154", "CAIF",
        "ALG", "NFC", "VSOCK",
};
static DEFINE_STRARRAY(socket_families);

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                 struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        size_t printed = 0;
        int mode = arg->val;

        if (mode == F_OK) /* 0 */
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "F");
#define P_MODE(n) \
        if (mode & n##_OK) { \
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s", #n); \
                mode &= ~n##_OK; \
        }

        P_MODE(R);
        P_MODE(W);
        P_MODE(X);
#undef P_MODE

        if (mode)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "|%#x", mode);

        return printed;
}

#define SCA_ACCMODE syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg);

#define SCA_FILENAME syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;

#define P_FLAG(n) \
        if (flags & O_##n) { \
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", #n); \
                flags &= ~O_##n; \
        }

        P_FLAG(CLOEXEC);
        P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
#undef P_FLAG

        if (flags)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);

        return printed;
}

#define SCA_PIPE_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags

#ifndef GRND_NONBLOCK
#define GRND_NONBLOCK   0x0001
#endif
#ifndef GRND_RANDOM
#define GRND_RANDOM     0x0002
#endif

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
                                                   struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;

#define P_FLAG(n) \
        if (flags & GRND_##n) { \
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", #n); \
                flags &= ~GRND_##n; \
        }

        P_FLAG(RANDOM);
        P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
#undef P_FLAG

        if (flags)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);

        return printed;
}

#define SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags

#define STRARRAY(name, array) \
          { .scnprintf  = SCA_STRARRAY, \
            .parm       = &strarray__##array, }

#include "trace/beauty/arch_errno_names.c"
#include "trace/beauty/eventfd.c"
#include "trace/beauty/futex_op.c"
#include "trace/beauty/futex_val3.c"
#include "trace/beauty/mmap.c"
#include "trace/beauty/mode_t.c"
#include "trace/beauty/msg_flags.c"
#include "trace/beauty/open_flags.c"
#include "trace/beauty/perf_event_open.c"
#include "trace/beauty/pid.c"
#include "trace/beauty/sched_policy.c"
#include "trace/beauty/seccomp.c"
#include "trace/beauty/signum.c"
#include "trace/beauty/socket_type.c"
#include "trace/beauty/waitid_options.c"

struct syscall_arg_fmt {
        size_t     (*scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
        void       *parm;
        const char *name;
        bool       show_zero;
};

static struct syscall_fmt {
        const char *name;
        const char *alias;
        struct syscall_arg_fmt arg[6];
        u8         nr_args;
        bool       errpid;
        bool       timeout;
        bool       hexret;
} syscall_fmts[] = {
        { .name     = "access",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_ACCMODE,  /* mode */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "bpf",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(cmd, bpf_cmd), }, },
        { .name     = "brk",        .hexret = true,
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* brk */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "clock_gettime",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(clk_id, clockid), }, },
        { .name     = "clone",      .errpid = true, .nr_args = 5,
          .arg = { [0] = { .name = "flags",         .scnprintf = SCA_CLONE_FLAGS, },
                   [1] = { .name = "child_stack",   .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
                   [2] = { .name = "parent_tidptr", .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
                   [3] = { .name = "child_tidptr",  .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
                   [4] = { .name = "tls",           .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, }, }, },
        { .name     = "close",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_CLOSE_FD, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "epoll_ctl",
          .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(op, epoll_ctl_ops), }, },
        { .name     = "eventfd2",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_EFD_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fchmodat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fchownat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fcntl",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FCNTL_CMD, /* cmd */
                           .parm      = &strarrays__fcntl_cmds_arrays,
                           .show_zero = true, },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf =  SCA_FCNTL_ARG, /* arg */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "flock",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FLOCK, /* cmd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "fstat", .alias = "newfstat", },
        { .name     = "fstatat", .alias = "newfstatat", },
        { .name     = "futex",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_OP, /* op */ },
                   [5] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_VAL3, /* val3 */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "futimesat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "getitimer",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
        { .name     = "getpid",     .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "getpgid",    .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "getppid",    .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "getrandom",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "getrlimit",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
        { .name     = "gettid",     .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "ioctl",
          .arg = {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
/*
 * FIXME: Make this available to all arches.
 */
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_IOCTL_CMD, /* cmd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
#else
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
#endif
        { .name     = "kcmp",       .nr_args = 5,
          .arg = { [0] = { .name = "pid1",      .scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
                   [1] = { .name = "pid2",      .scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
                   [2] = { .name = "type",      .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_TYPE, },
                   [3] = { .name = "idx1",      .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, },
                   [4] = { .name = "idx2",      .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, }, }, },
        { .name     = "keyctl",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(option, keyctl_options), }, },
        { .name     = "kill",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "linkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "lseek",
          .arg = { [2] = STRARRAY(whence, whences), }, },
        { .name     = "lstat", .alias = "newlstat", },
        { .name     = "madvise",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,      /* start */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MADV_BHV, /* behavior */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mkdirat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mknodat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mlock",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* addr */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mlockall",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* addr */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mmap",       .hexret = true,
/* The standard mmap maps to old_mmap on s390x */
#if defined(__s390x__)
        .alias = "old_mmap",
#endif
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,        /* addr */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mprotect",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,        /* start */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mq_unlink",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* u_name */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "mremap",     .hexret = true,
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,          /* addr */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MREMAP_FLAGS, /* flags */ },
                   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,          /* new_addr */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "munlock",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* addr */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "munmap",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* addr */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "name_to_handle_at",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "newfstatat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "open",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "open_by_handle_at",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,       /* dfd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "openat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,       /* dfd */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "perf_event_open",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,        /* cpu */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FD,         /* group_fd */ },
                   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PERF_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pipe2",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PIPE_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pkey_alloc",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PKEY_ALLOC_ACCESS_RIGHTS,   /* access_rights */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pkey_free",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,        /* key */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pkey_mprotect",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,        /* start */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ },
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,        /* pkey */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "poll", .timeout = true, },
        { .name     = "ppoll", .timeout = true, },
        { .name     = "prctl", .alias = "arch_prctl",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_OPTION, /* option */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG2, /* arg2 */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG3, /* arg3 */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "pread", .alias = "pread64", },
        { .name     = "preadv", .alias = "pread", },
        { .name     = "prlimit64",
          .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
        { .name     = "pwrite", .alias = "pwrite64", },
        { .name     = "readlinkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "recvfrom",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "recvmmsg",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "recvmsg",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "renameat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "rt_sigaction",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "rt_sigprocmask",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(how, sighow), }, },
        { .name     = "rt_sigqueueinfo",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "rt_tgsigqueueinfo",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "sched_setscheduler",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SCHED_POLICY, /* policy */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "seccomp",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_OP,    /* op */ },
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "select", .timeout = true, },
        { .name     = "sendmmsg",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "sendmsg",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "sendto",
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "set_tid_address", .errpid = true, },
        { .name     = "setitimer",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
        { .name     = "setrlimit",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
        { .name     = "socket",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "socketpair",
          .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
                   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "stat", .alias = "newstat", },
        { .name     = "statx",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,        /* fdat */ },
                   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_STATX_FLAGS, /* flags */ } ,
                   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_STATX_MASK,  /* mask */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "swapoff",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* specialfile */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "swapon",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* specialfile */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "symlinkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "tgkill",
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "tkill",
          .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "uname", .alias = "newuname", },
        { .name     = "unlinkat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "utimensat",
          .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dirfd */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "wait4",      .errpid = true,
          .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
        { .name     = "waitid",     .errpid = true,
          .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
};

static int syscall_fmt__cmp(const void *name, const void *fmtp)
{
        const struct syscall_fmt *fmt = fmtp;
        return strcmp(name, fmt->name);
}

static struct syscall_fmt *syscall_fmt__find(const char *name)
{
        const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_fmts);
        return bsearch(name, syscall_fmts, nmemb, sizeof(struct syscall_fmt), syscall_fmt__cmp);
}

/*
 * is_exit: is this "exit" or "exit_group"?
 * is_open: is this "open" or "openat"? To associate the fd returned in sys_exit with the pathname in sys_enter.
 */
struct syscall {
        struct event_format *tp_format;
        int                 nr_args;
        bool                is_exit;
        bool                is_open;
        struct format_field *args;
        const char          *name;
        struct syscall_fmt  *fmt;
        struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt;
};

/*
 * We need to have this 'calculated' boolean because in some cases we really
 * don't know what is the duration of a syscall, for instance, when we start
 * a session and some threads are waiting for a syscall to finish, say 'poll',
 * in which case all we can do is to print "( ? ) for duration and for the
 * start timestamp.
 */
static size_t fprintf_duration(unsigned long t, bool calculated, FILE *fp)
{
        double duration = (double)t / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        size_t printed = fprintf(fp, "(");

        if (!calculated)
                printed += fprintf(fp, "         ");
        else if (duration >= 1.0)
                printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_RED, "%6.3f ms", duration);
        else if (duration >= 0.01)
                printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "%6.3f ms", duration);
        else
                printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_NORMAL, "%6.3f ms", duration);
        return printed + fprintf(fp, "): ");
}

/**
 * filename.ptr: The filename char pointer that will be vfs_getname'd
 * filename.entry_str_pos: Where to insert the string translated from
 *                         filename.ptr by the vfs_getname tracepoint/kprobe.
 * ret_scnprintf: syscall args may set this to a different syscall return
 *                formatter, for instance, fcntl may return fds, file flags, etc.
 */
struct thread_trace {
        u64               entry_time;
        bool              entry_pending;
        unsigned long     nr_events;
        unsigned long     pfmaj, pfmin;
        char              *entry_str;
        double            runtime_ms;
        size_t            (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
        struct {
                unsigned long ptr;
                short int     entry_str_pos;
                bool          pending_open;
                unsigned int  namelen;
                char          *name;
        } filename;
        struct {
                int       max;
                char      **table;
        } paths;

        struct intlist *syscall_stats;
};

static struct thread_trace *thread_trace__new(void)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace =  zalloc(sizeof(struct thread_trace));

        if (ttrace)
                ttrace->paths.max = -1;

        ttrace->syscall_stats = intlist__new(NULL);

        return ttrace;
}

static struct thread_trace *thread__trace(struct thread *thread, FILE *fp)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;

        if (thread == NULL)
                goto fail;

        if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
                thread__set_priv(thread, thread_trace__new());

        if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
                goto fail;

        ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
        ++ttrace->nr_events;

        return ttrace;
fail:
        color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_RED,
                      "WARNING: not enough memory, dropping samples!\n");
        return NULL;
}


void syscall_arg__set_ret_scnprintf(struct syscall_arg *arg,
                                    size_t (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg))
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);

        ttrace->ret_scnprintf = ret_scnprintf;
}

#define TRACE_PFMAJ             (1 << 0)
#define TRACE_PFMIN             (1 << 1)

static const size_t trace__entry_str_size = 2048;

static int trace__set_fd_pathname(struct thread *thread, int fd, const char *pathname)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);

        if (fd > ttrace->paths.max) {
                char **npath = realloc(ttrace->paths.table, (fd + 1) * sizeof(char *));

                if (npath == NULL)
                        return -1;

                if (ttrace->paths.max != -1) {
                        memset(npath + ttrace->paths.max + 1, 0,
                               (fd - ttrace->paths.max) * sizeof(char *));
                } else {
                        memset(npath, 0, (fd + 1) * sizeof(char *));
                }

                ttrace->paths.table = npath;
                ttrace->paths.max   = fd;
        }

        ttrace->paths.table[fd] = strdup(pathname);

        return ttrace->paths.table[fd] != NULL ? 0 : -1;
}

static int thread__read_fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd)
{

        char linkname[PATH_MAX], pathname[PATH_MAX];
        struct stat st;
        int ret;

        if (thread->pid_ == thread->tid) {
                scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
                          "/proc/%d/fd/%d", thread->pid_, fd);
        } else {
                scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
                          "/proc/%d/task/%d/fd/%d", thread->pid_, thread->tid, fd);
        }

        if (lstat(linkname, &st) < 0 || st.st_size + 1 > (off_t)sizeof(pathname))
                return -1;

        ret = readlink(linkname, pathname, sizeof(pathname));

        if (ret < 0 || ret > st.st_size)
                return -1;

        pathname[ret] = '\0';
        return trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, fd, pathname);
}

static const char *thread__fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd,
                                   struct trace *trace)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);

        if (ttrace == NULL)
                return NULL;

        if (fd < 0)
                return NULL;

        if ((fd > ttrace->paths.max || ttrace->paths.table[fd] == NULL)) {
                if (!trace->live)
                        return NULL;
                ++trace->stats.proc_getname;
                if (thread__read_fd_path(thread, fd))
                        return NULL;
        }

        return ttrace->paths.table[fd];
}

size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int fd = arg->val;
        size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
        const char *path = thread__fd_path(arg->thread, fd, arg->trace);

        if (path)
                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);

        return printed;
}

size_t pid__scnprintf_fd(struct trace *trace, pid_t pid, int fd, char *bf, size_t size)
{
        size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
        struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(trace->host, pid, pid);

        if (thread) {
                const char *path = thread__fd_path(thread, fd, trace);

                if (path)
                        printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);

                thread__put(thread);
        }

        return printed;
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        int fd = arg->val;
        size_t printed = syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);

        if (ttrace && fd >= 0 && fd <= ttrace->paths.max)
                zfree(&ttrace->paths.table[fd]);

        return printed;
}

static void thread__set_filename_pos(struct thread *thread, const char *bf,
                                     unsigned long ptr)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);

        ttrace->filename.ptr = ptr;
        ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = bf - ttrace->entry_str;
}

static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
                                              struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        unsigned long ptr = arg->val;

        if (!arg->trace->vfs_getname)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#x", ptr);

        thread__set_filename_pos(arg->thread, bf, ptr);
        return 0;
}

static bool trace__filter_duration(struct trace *trace, double t)
{
        return t < (trace->duration_filter * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
}

static size_t __trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
{
        double ts = (double)(tstamp - trace->base_time) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;

        return fprintf(fp, "%10.3f ", ts);
}

/*
 * We're handling tstamp=0 as an undefined tstamp, i.e. like when we are
 * using ttrace->entry_time for a thread that receives a sys_exit without
 * first having received a sys_enter ("poll" issued before tracing session
 * starts, lost sys_enter exit due to ring buffer overflow).
 */
static size_t trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
{
        if (tstamp > 0)
                return __trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);

        return fprintf(fp, "         ? ");
}

static bool done = false;
static bool interrupted = false;

static void sig_handler(int sig)
{
        done = true;
        interrupted = sig == SIGINT;
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_entry_head(struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread,
                                        u64 duration, bool duration_calculated, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
{
        size_t printed = trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);
        printed += fprintf_duration(duration, duration_calculated, fp);

        if (trace->multiple_threads) {
                if (trace->show_comm)
                        printed += fprintf(fp, "%.14s/", thread__comm_str(thread));
                printed += fprintf(fp, "%d ", thread->tid);
        }

        return printed;
}

static int trace__process_event(struct trace *trace, struct machine *machine,
                                union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        int ret = 0;

        switch (event->header.type) {
        case PERF_RECORD_LOST:
                color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_RED,
                              "LOST %" PRIu64 " events!\n", event->lost.lost);
                ret = machine__process_lost_event(machine, event, sample);
                break;
        default:
                ret = machine__process_event(machine, event, sample);
                break;
        }

        return ret;
}

static int trace__tool_process(struct perf_tool *tool,
                               union perf_event *event,
                               struct perf_sample *sample,
                               struct machine *machine)
{
        struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
        return trace__process_event(trace, machine, event, sample);
}

static char *trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr(void *vmachine, unsigned long long *addrp, char **modp)
{
        struct machine *machine = vmachine;

        if (machine->kptr_restrict_warned)
                return NULL;

        if (symbol_conf.kptr_restrict) {
                pr_warning("Kernel address maps (/proc/{kallsyms,modules}) are restricted.\n\n"
                           "Check /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict.\n\n"
                           "Kernel samples will not be resolved.\n");
                machine->kptr_restrict_warned = true;
                return NULL;
        }

        return machine__resolve_kernel_addr(vmachine, addrp, modp);
}

static int trace__symbols_init(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evlist *evlist)
{
        int err = symbol__init(NULL);

        if (err)
                return err;

        trace->host = machine__new_host();
        if (trace->host == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;

        err = trace_event__register_resolver(trace->host, trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr);
        if (err < 0)
                goto out;

        err = __machine__synthesize_threads(trace->host, &trace->tool, &trace->opts.target,
                                            evlist->threads, trace__tool_process, false,
                                            trace->opts.proc_map_timeout, 1);
out:
        if (err)
                symbol__exit();

        return err;
}

static void trace__symbols__exit(struct trace *trace)
{
        machine__exit(trace->host);
        trace->host = NULL;

        symbol__exit();
}

static int syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc, int nr_args)
{
        int idx;

        if (nr_args == 6 && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->nr_args != 0)
                nr_args = sc->fmt->nr_args;

        sc->arg_fmt = calloc(nr_args, sizeof(*sc->arg_fmt));
        if (sc->arg_fmt == NULL)
                return -1;

        for (idx = 0; idx < nr_args; ++idx) {
                if (sc->fmt)
                        sc->arg_fmt[idx] = sc->fmt->arg[idx];
        }

        sc->nr_args = nr_args;
        return 0;
}

static int syscall__set_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc)
{
        struct format_field *field;
        int idx = 0, len;

        for (field = sc->args; field; field = field->next, ++idx) {
                if (sc->fmt && sc->fmt->arg[idx].scnprintf)
                        continue;

                if (strcmp(field->type, "const char *") == 0 &&
                         (strcmp(field->name, "filename") == 0 ||
                          strcmp(field->name, "path") == 0 ||
                          strcmp(field->name, "pathname") == 0))
                        sc->arg_fmt[idx].scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME;
                else if (field->flags & FIELD_IS_POINTER)
                        sc->arg_fmt[idx].scnprintf = syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex;
                else if (strcmp(field->type, "pid_t") == 0)
                        sc->arg_fmt[idx].scnprintf = SCA_PID;
                else if (strcmp(field->type, "umode_t") == 0)
                        sc->arg_fmt[idx].scnprintf = SCA_MODE_T;
                else if ((strcmp(field->type, "int") == 0 ||
                          strcmp(field->type, "unsigned int") == 0 ||
                          strcmp(field->type, "long") == 0) &&
                         (len = strlen(field->name)) >= 2 &&
                         strcmp(field->name + len - 2, "fd") == 0) {
                        /*
                         * /sys/kernel/tracing/events/syscalls/sys_enter*
                         * egrep 'field:.*fd;' .../format|sed -r 's/.*field:([a-z ]+) [a-z_]*fd.+/\1/g'|sort|uniq -c
                         * 65 int
                         * 23 unsigned int
                         * 7 unsigned long
                         */
                        sc->arg_fmt[idx].scnprintf = SCA_FD;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static int trace__read_syscall_info(struct trace *trace, int id)
{
        char tp_name[128];
        struct syscall *sc;
        const char *name = syscalltbl__name(trace->sctbl, id);

        if (name == NULL)
                return -1;

        if (id > trace->syscalls.max) {
                struct syscall *nsyscalls = realloc(trace->syscalls.table, (id + 1) * sizeof(*sc));

                if (nsyscalls == NULL)
                        return -1;

                if (trace->syscalls.max != -1) {
                        memset(nsyscalls + trace->syscalls.max + 1, 0,
                               (id - trace->syscalls.max) * sizeof(*sc));
                } else {
                        memset(nsyscalls, 0, (id + 1) * sizeof(*sc));
                }

                trace->syscalls.table = nsyscalls;
                trace->syscalls.max   = id;
        }

        sc = trace->syscalls.table + id;
        sc->name = name;

        sc->fmt  = syscall_fmt__find(sc->name);

        snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->name);
        sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);

        if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format) && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->alias) {
                snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->fmt->alias);
                sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);
        }

        if (syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(sc, IS_ERR(sc->tp_format) ? 6 : sc->tp_format->format.nr_fields))
                return -1;

        if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format))
                return -1;

        sc->args = sc->tp_format->format.fields;
        /*
         * We need to check and discard the first variable '__syscall_nr'
         * or 'nr' that mean the syscall number. It is needless here.
         * So drop '__syscall_nr' or 'nr' field but does not exist on older kernels.
         */
        if (sc->args && (!strcmp(sc->args->name, "__syscall_nr") || !strcmp(sc->args->name, "nr"))) {
                sc->args = sc->args->next;
                --sc->nr_args;
        }

        sc->is_exit = !strcmp(name, "exit_group") || !strcmp(name, "exit");
        sc->is_open = !strcmp(name, "open") || !strcmp(name, "openat");

        return syscall__set_arg_fmts(sc);
}

static int trace__validate_ev_qualifier(struct trace *trace)
{
        int err = 0, i;
        size_t nr_allocated;
        struct str_node *pos;

        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = strlist__nr_entries(trace->ev_qualifier);
        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = malloc(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr *
                                                 sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));

        if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries == NULL) {
                fputs("Error:\tNot enough memory for allocating events qualifier ids\n",
                       trace->output);
                err = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        nr_allocated = trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr;
        i = 0;

        strlist__for_each_entry(pos, trace->ev_qualifier) {
                const char *sc = pos->s;
                int id = syscalltbl__id(trace->sctbl, sc), match_next = -1;

                if (id < 0) {
                        id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_first(trace->sctbl, sc, &match_next);
                        if (id >= 0)
                                goto matches;

                        if (err == 0) {
                                fputs("Error:\tInvalid syscall ", trace->output);
                                err = -EINVAL;
                        } else {
                                fputs(", ", trace->output);
                        }

                        fputs(sc, trace->output);
                }
matches:
                trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[i++] = id;
                if (match_next == -1)
                        continue;

                while (1) {
                        id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_next(trace->sctbl, sc, &match_next);
                        if (id < 0)
                                break;
                        if (nr_allocated == trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr) {
                                void *entries;

                                nr_allocated += 8;
                                entries = realloc(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries,
                                                  nr_allocated * sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));
                                if (entries == NULL) {
                                        err = -ENOMEM;
                                        fputs("\nError:\t Not enough memory for parsing\n", trace->output);
                                        goto out_free;
                                }
                                trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = entries;
                        }
                        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr++;
                        trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[i++] = id;
                }
        }

        if (err < 0) {
                fputs("\nHint:\ttry 'perf list syscalls:sys_enter_*'"
                      "\nHint:\tand: 'man syscalls'\n", trace->output);
out_free:
                zfree(&trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
                trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = 0;
        }
out:
        return err;
}

/*
 * args is to be interpreted as a series of longs but we need to handle
 * 8-byte unaligned accesses. args points to raw_data within the event
 * and raw_data is guaranteed to be 8-byte unaligned because it is
 * preceded by raw_size which is a u32. So we need to copy args to a temp
 * variable to read it. Most notably this avoids extended load instructions
 * on unaligned addresses
 */
unsigned long syscall_arg__val(struct syscall_arg *arg, u8 idx)
{
        unsigned long val;
        unsigned char *p = arg->args + sizeof(unsigned long) * idx;

        memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val));
        return val;
}

static size_t syscall__scnprintf_name(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
                                      struct syscall_arg *arg)
{
        if (sc->arg_fmt && sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name)
                return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s: ", sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name);

        return scnprintf(bf, size, "arg%d: ", arg->idx);
}

static size_t syscall__scnprintf_val(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
                                     struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val)
{
        if (sc->arg_fmt && sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].scnprintf) {
                arg->val = val;
                if (sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].parm)
                        arg->parm = sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].parm;
                return sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].scnprintf(bf, size, arg);
        }
        return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", val);
}

static size_t syscall__scnprintf_args(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
                                      unsigned char *args, struct trace *trace,
                                      struct thread *thread)
{
        size_t printed = 0;
        unsigned long val;
        u8 bit = 1;
        struct syscall_arg arg = {
                .args   = args,
                .idx    = 0,
                .mask   = 0,
                .trace  = trace,
                .thread = thread,
        };
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);

        /*
         * Things like fcntl will set this in its 'cmd' formatter to pick the
         * right formatter for the return value (an fd? file flags?), which is
         * not needed for syscalls that always return a given type, say an fd.
         */
        ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;

        if (sc->args != NULL) {
                struct format_field *field;

                for (field = sc->args; field;
                     field = field->next, ++arg.idx, bit <<= 1) {
                        if (arg.mask & bit)
                                continue;

                        val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);

                        /*
                         * Suppress this argument if its value is zero and
                         * and we don't have a string associated in an
                         * strarray for it.
                         */
                        if (val == 0 &&
                            !(sc->arg_fmt &&
                              (sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].show_zero ||
                               sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAY ||
                               sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAYS) &&
                              sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].parm))
                                continue;

                        printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed,
                                             "%s%s: ", printed ? ", " : "", field->name);
                        printed += syscall__scnprintf_val(sc, bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
                }
        } else if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format)) {
                /*
                 * If we managed to read the tracepoint /format file, then we
                 * may end up not having any args, like with gettid(), so only
                 * print the raw args when we didn't manage to read it.
                 */
                while (arg.idx < sc->nr_args) {
                        if (arg.mask & bit)
                                goto next_arg;
                        val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);
                        if (printed)
                                printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, ", ");
                        printed += syscall__scnprintf_name(sc, bf + printed, size - printed, &arg);
                        printed += syscall__scnprintf_val(sc, bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
next_arg:
                        ++arg.idx;
                        bit <<= 1;
                }
        }

        return printed;
}

typedef int (*tracepoint_handler)(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                  union perf_event *event,
                                  struct perf_sample *sample);

static struct syscall *trace__syscall_info(struct trace *trace,
                                           struct perf_evsel *evsel, int id)
{

        if (id < 0) {

                /*
                 * XXX: Noticed on x86_64, reproduced as far back as 3.0.36, haven't tried
                 * before that, leaving at a higher verbosity level till that is
                 * explained. Reproduced with plain ftrace with:
                 *
                 * echo 1 > /t/events/raw_syscalls/sys_exit/enable
                 * grep "NR -1 " /t/trace_pipe
                 *
                 * After generating some load on the machine.
                 */
                if (verbose > 1) {
                        static u64 n;
                        fprintf(trace->output, "Invalid syscall %d id, skipping (%s, %" PRIu64 ") ...\n",
                                id, perf_evsel__name(evsel), ++n);
                }
                return NULL;
        }

        if ((id > trace->syscalls.max || trace->syscalls.table[id].name == NULL) &&
            trace__read_syscall_info(trace, id))
                goto out_cant_read;

        if ((id > trace->syscalls.max || trace->syscalls.table[id].name == NULL))
                goto out_cant_read;

        return &trace->syscalls.table[id];

out_cant_read:
        if (verbose > 0) {
                fprintf(trace->output, "Problems reading syscall %d", id);
                if (id <= trace->syscalls.max && trace->syscalls.table[id].name != NULL)
                        fprintf(trace->output, "(%s)", trace->syscalls.table[id].name);
                fputs(" information\n", trace->output);
        }
        return NULL;
}

static void thread__update_stats(struct thread_trace *ttrace,
                                 int id, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct int_node *inode;
        struct stats *stats;
        u64 duration = 0;

        inode = intlist__findnew(ttrace->syscall_stats, id);
        if (inode == NULL)
                return;

        stats = inode->priv;
        if (stats == NULL) {
                stats = malloc(sizeof(struct stats));
                if (stats == NULL)
                        return;
                init_stats(stats);
                inode->priv = stats;
        }

        if (ttrace->entry_time && sample->time > ttrace->entry_time)
                duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;

        update_stats(stats, duration);
}

static int trace__printf_interrupted_entry(struct trace *trace)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        size_t printed;

        if (trace->failure_only || trace->current == NULL)
                return 0;

        ttrace = thread__priv(trace->current);

        if (!ttrace->entry_pending)
                return 0;

        printed  = trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, trace->current, 0, false, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);
        printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%-70s) ...\n", ttrace->entry_str);
        ttrace->entry_pending = false;

        return printed;
}

static int trace__fprintf_sample(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                 struct perf_sample *sample, struct thread *thread)
{
        int printed = 0;

        if (trace->print_sample) {
                double ts = (double)sample->time / NSEC_PER_MSEC;

                printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%22s %10.3f %s %d/%d [%d]\n",
                                   perf_evsel__name(evsel), ts,
                                   thread__comm_str(thread),
                                   sample->pid, sample->tid, sample->cpu);
        }

        return printed;
}

static int trace__sys_enter(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                            union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                            struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        char *msg;
        void *args;
        size_t printed = 0;
        struct thread *thread;
        int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1;
        struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;

        if (sc == NULL)
                return -1;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        trace__fprintf_sample(trace, evsel, sample, thread);

        args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, args, sample);

        if (ttrace->entry_str == NULL) {
                ttrace->entry_str = malloc(trace__entry_str_size);
                if (!ttrace->entry_str)
                        goto out_put;
        }

        if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->min_stack))
                trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);

        ttrace->entry_time = sample->time;
        msg = ttrace->entry_str;
        printed += scnprintf(msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed, "%s(", sc->name);

        printed += syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed,
                                           args, trace, thread);

        if (sc->is_exit) {
                if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->failure_only || trace->min_stack)) {
                        trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, false, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);
                        fprintf(trace->output, "%-70s)\n", ttrace->entry_str);
                }
        } else {
                ttrace->entry_pending = true;
                /* See trace__vfs_getname & trace__sys_exit */
                ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
        }

        if (trace->current != thread) {
                thread__put(trace->current);
                trace->current = thread__get(thread);
        }
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__fprintf_sys_enter(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                    struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        struct thread *thread;
        int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1;
        struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
        char msg[1024];
        void *args;

        if (sc == NULL)
                return -1;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        /*
         * We need to get ttrace just to make sure it is there when syscall__scnprintf_args()
         * and the rest of the beautifiers accessing it via struct syscall_arg touches it.
         */
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, args, sample);
        syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg, sizeof(msg), args, trace, thread);
        fprintf(trace->output, "%s", msg);
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__resolve_callchain(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                    struct perf_sample *sample,
                                    struct callchain_cursor *cursor)
{
        struct addr_location al;
        int max_stack = evsel->attr.sample_max_stack ?
                        evsel->attr.sample_max_stack :
                        trace->max_stack;

        if (machine__resolve(trace->host, &al, sample) < 0 ||
            thread__resolve_callchain(al.thread, cursor, evsel, sample, NULL, NULL, max_stack))
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

static int trace__fprintf_callchain(struct trace *trace, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        /* TODO: user-configurable print_opts */
        const unsigned int print_opts = EVSEL__PRINT_SYM |
                                        EVSEL__PRINT_DSO |
                                        EVSEL__PRINT_UNKNOWN_AS_ADDR;

        return sample__fprintf_callchain(sample, 38, print_opts, &callchain_cursor, trace->output);
}

static const char *errno_to_name(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int err)
{
        struct perf_env *env = perf_evsel__env(evsel);
        const char *arch_name = perf_env__arch(env);

        return arch_syscalls__strerrno(arch_name, err);
}

static int trace__sys_exit(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                           union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                           struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        long ret;
        u64 duration = 0;
        bool duration_calculated = false;
        struct thread *thread;
        int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1, callchain_ret = 0;
        struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;

        if (sc == NULL)
                return -1;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        trace__fprintf_sample(trace, evsel, sample, thread);

        if (trace->summary)
                thread__update_stats(ttrace, id, sample);

        ret = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, ret, sample);

        if (sc->is_open && ret >= 0 && ttrace->filename.pending_open) {
                trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, ret, ttrace->filename.name);
                ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
                ++trace->stats.vfs_getname;
        }

        if (ttrace->entry_time) {
                duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;
                if (trace__filter_duration(trace, duration))
                        goto out;
                duration_calculated = true;
        } else if (trace->duration_filter)
                goto out;

        if (sample->callchain) {
                callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
                if (callchain_ret == 0) {
                        if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                                goto out;
                        callchain_ret = 1;
                }
        }

        if (trace->summary_only || (ret >= 0 && trace->failure_only))
                goto out;

        trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, duration, duration_calculated, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);

        if (ttrace->entry_pending) {
                fprintf(trace->output, "%-70s", ttrace->entry_str);
        } else {
                fprintf(trace->output, " ... [");
                color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "continued");
                fprintf(trace->output, "]: %s()", sc->name);
        }

        if (sc->fmt == NULL) {
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto errno_print;
signed_print:
                fprintf(trace->output, ") = %ld", ret);
        } else if (ret < 0) {
errno_print: {
                char bf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
                const char *emsg = str_error_r(-ret, bf, sizeof(bf)),
                           *e = errno_to_name(evsel, -ret);

                fprintf(trace->output, ") = -1 %s %s", e, emsg);
        }
        } else if (ret == 0 && sc->fmt->timeout)
                fprintf(trace->output, ") = 0 Timeout");
        else if (ttrace->ret_scnprintf) {
                char bf[1024];
                struct syscall_arg arg = {
                        .val    = ret,
                        .thread = thread,
                        .trace  = trace,
                };
                ttrace->ret_scnprintf(bf, sizeof(bf), &arg);
                ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;
                fprintf(trace->output, ") = %s", bf);
        } else if (sc->fmt->hexret)
                fprintf(trace->output, ") = %#lx", ret);
        else if (sc->fmt->errpid) {
                struct thread *child = machine__find_thread(trace->host, ret, ret);

                if (child != NULL) {
                        fprintf(trace->output, ") = %ld", ret);
                        if (child->comm_set)
                                fprintf(trace->output, " (%s)", thread__comm_str(child));
                        thread__put(child);
                }
        } else
                goto signed_print;

        fputc('\n', trace->output);

        if (callchain_ret > 0)
                trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
        else if (callchain_ret < 0)
                pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", perf_evsel__name(evsel));
out:
        ttrace->entry_pending = false;
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__vfs_getname(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                              union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                              struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        size_t filename_len, entry_str_len, to_move;
        ssize_t remaining_space;
        char *pos;
        const char *filename = perf_evsel__rawptr(evsel, sample, "pathname");

        if (!thread)
                goto out;

        ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
        if (!ttrace)
                goto out_put;

        filename_len = strlen(filename);
        if (filename_len == 0)
                goto out_put;

        if (ttrace->filename.namelen < filename_len) {
                char *f = realloc(ttrace->filename.name, filename_len + 1);

                if (f == NULL)
                        goto out_put;

                ttrace->filename.namelen = filename_len;
                ttrace->filename.name = f;
        }

        strcpy(ttrace->filename.name, filename);
        ttrace->filename.pending_open = true;

        if (!ttrace->filename.ptr)
                goto out_put;

        entry_str_len = strlen(ttrace->entry_str);
        remaining_space = trace__entry_str_size - entry_str_len - 1; /* \0 */
        if (remaining_space <= 0)
                goto out_put;

        if (filename_len > (size_t)remaining_space) {
                filename += filename_len - remaining_space;
                filename_len = remaining_space;
        }

        to_move = entry_str_len - ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos + 1; /* \0 */
        pos = ttrace->entry_str + ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos;
        memmove(pos + filename_len, pos, to_move);
        memcpy(pos, filename, filename_len);

        ttrace->filename.ptr = 0;
        ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
out:
        return 0;
}

static int trace__sched_stat_runtime(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                     union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                                     struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        u64 runtime = perf_evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "runtime");
        double runtime_ms = (double)runtime / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host,
                                                        sample->pid,
                                                        sample->tid);
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);

        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_dump;

        ttrace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
        trace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return 0;

out_dump:
        fprintf(trace->output, "%s: comm=%s,pid=%u,runtime=%" PRIu64 ",vruntime=%" PRIu64 ")\n",
               evsel->name,
               perf_evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "comm"),
               (pid_t)perf_evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid"),
               runtime,
               perf_evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "vruntime"));
        goto out_put;
}

static int bpf_output__printer(enum binary_printer_ops op,
                               unsigned int val, void *extra __maybe_unused, FILE *fp)
{
        unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)val;

        switch (op) {
        case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_DATA:
                return fprintf(fp, "%c", isprint(ch) ? ch : '.');
        case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_BEGIN:
        case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_BEGIN:
        case BINARY_PRINT_ADDR:

        case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_DATA:
        case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_PAD:
        case BINARY_PRINT_SEP:
        case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_PAD:
        case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_END:
        case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_END:
        default:
                break;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void bpf_output__fprintf(struct trace *trace,
                                struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        binary__fprintf(sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size, 8,
                        bpf_output__printer, NULL, trace->output);
}

static int trace__event_handler(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                                struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        int callchain_ret = 0;

        if (sample->callchain) {
                callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
                if (callchain_ret == 0) {
                        if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                                goto out;
                        callchain_ret = 1;
                }
        }

        trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);
        trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, sample->time, trace->output);

        if (trace->trace_syscalls)
                fprintf(trace->output, "(         ): ");

        fprintf(trace->output, "%s:", evsel->name);

        if (perf_evsel__is_bpf_output(evsel)) {
                if (evsel == trace->syscalls.events.augmented)
                        trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, evsel, sample);
                else
                        bpf_output__fprintf(trace, sample);
        } else if (evsel->tp_format) {
                if (strncmp(evsel->tp_format->name, "sys_enter_", 10) ||
                    trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, evsel, sample)) {
                        event_format__fprintf(evsel->tp_format, sample->cpu,
                                              sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size,
                                              trace->output);
                }
        }

        fprintf(trace->output, "\n");

        if (callchain_ret > 0)
                trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
        else if (callchain_ret < 0)
                pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", perf_evsel__name(evsel));
out:
        return 0;
}

static void print_location(FILE *f, struct perf_sample *sample,
                           struct addr_location *al,
                           bool print_dso, bool print_sym)
{

        if ((verbose > 0 || print_dso) && al->map)
                fprintf(f, "%s@", al->map->dso->long_name);

        if ((verbose > 0 || print_sym) && al->sym)
                fprintf(f, "%s+0x%" PRIx64, al->sym->name,
                        al->addr - al->sym->start);
        else if (al->map)
                fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, al->addr);
        else
                fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, sample->addr);
}

static int trace__pgfault(struct trace *trace,
                          struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                          union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                          struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        struct thread *thread;
        struct addr_location al;
        char map_type = 'd';
        struct thread_trace *ttrace;
        int err = -1;
        int callchain_ret = 0;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);

        if (sample->callchain) {
                callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
                if (callchain_ret == 0) {
                        if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                                goto out_put;
                        callchain_ret = 1;
                }
        }

        ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
        if (ttrace == NULL)
                goto out_put;

        if (evsel->attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ)
                ttrace->pfmaj++;
        else
                ttrace->pfmin++;

        if (trace->summary_only)
                goto out;

        thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->ip, &al);

        trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, true, sample->time, trace->output);

        fprintf(trace->output, "%sfault [",
                evsel->attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ ?
                "maj" : "min");

        print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, false, true);

        fprintf(trace->output, "] => ");

        thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);

        if (!al.map) {
                thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);

                if (al.map)
                        map_type = 'x';
                else
                        map_type = '?';
        }

        print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, true, false);

        fprintf(trace->output, " (%c%c)\n", map_type, al.level);

        if (callchain_ret > 0)
                trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
        else if (callchain_ret < 0)
                pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", perf_evsel__name(evsel));
out:
        err = 0;
out_put:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static void trace__set_base_time(struct trace *trace,
                                 struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                 struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        /*
         * BPF events were not setting PERF_SAMPLE_TIME, so be more robust
         * and don't use sample->time unconditionally, we may end up having
         * some other event in the future without PERF_SAMPLE_TIME for good
         * reason, i.e. we may not be interested in its timestamps, just in
         * it taking place, picking some piece of information when it
         * appears in our event stream (vfs_getname comes to mind).
         */
        if (trace->base_time == 0 && !trace->full_time &&
            (evsel->attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME))
                trace->base_time = sample->time;
}

static int trace__process_sample(struct perf_tool *tool,
                                 union perf_event *event,
                                 struct perf_sample *sample,
                                 struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                                 struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
        struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
        struct thread *thread;
        int err = 0;

        tracepoint_handler handler = evsel->handler;

        thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
        if (thread && thread__is_filtered(thread))
                goto out;

        trace__set_base_time(trace, evsel, sample);

        if (handler) {
                ++trace->nr_events;
                handler(trace, evsel, event, sample);
        }
out:
        thread__put(thread);
        return err;
}

static int trace__record(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv)
{
        unsigned int rec_argc, i, j;
        const char **rec_argv;
        const char * const record_args[] = {
                "record",
                "-R",
                "-m", "1024",
                "-c", "1",
        };

        const char * const sc_args[] = { "-e", };
        unsigned int sc_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(sc_args);
        const char * const majpf_args[] = { "-e", "major-faults" };
        unsigned int majpf_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(majpf_args);
        const char * const minpf_args[] = { "-e", "minor-faults" };
        unsigned int minpf_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(minpf_args);

        /* +1 is for the event string below */
        rec_argc = ARRAY_SIZE(record_args) + sc_args_nr + 1 +
                majpf_args_nr + minpf_args_nr + argc;
        rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *));

        if (rec_argv == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;

        j = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(record_args); i++)
                rec_argv[j++] = record_args[i];

        if (trace->trace_syscalls) {
                for (i = 0; i < sc_args_nr; i++)
                        rec_argv[j++] = sc_args[i];

                /* event string may be different for older kernels - e.g., RHEL6 */
                if (is_valid_tracepoint("raw_syscalls:sys_enter"))
                        rec_argv[j++] = "raw_syscalls:sys_enter,raw_syscalls:sys_exit";
                else if (is_valid_tracepoint("syscalls:sys_enter"))
                        rec_argv[j++] = "syscalls:sys_enter,syscalls:sys_exit";
                else {
                        pr_err("Neither raw_syscalls nor syscalls events exist.\n");
                        free(rec_argv);
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        if (trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMAJ)
                for (i = 0; i < majpf_args_nr; i++)
                        rec_argv[j++] = majpf_args[i];

        if (trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMIN)
                for (i = 0; i < minpf_args_nr; i++)
                        rec_argv[j++] = minpf_args[i];

        for (i = 0; i < (unsigned int)argc; i++)
                rec_argv[j++] = argv[i];

        return cmd_record(j, rec_argv);
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_thread_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp);

static bool perf_evlist__add_vfs_getname(struct perf_evlist *evlist)
{
        struct perf_evsel *evsel = perf_evsel__newtp("probe", "vfs_getname");

        if (IS_ERR(evsel))
                return false;

        if (perf_evsel__field(evsel, "pathname") == NULL) {
                perf_evsel__delete(evsel);
                return false;
        }

        evsel->handler = trace__vfs_getname;
        perf_evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
        return true;
}

static struct perf_evsel *perf_evsel__new_pgfault(u64 config)
{
        struct perf_evsel *evsel;
        struct perf_event_attr attr = {
                .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
                .mmap_data = 1,
        };

        attr.config = config;
        attr.sample_period = 1;

        event_attr_init(&attr);

        evsel = perf_evsel__new(&attr);
        if (evsel)
                evsel->handler = trace__pgfault;

        return evsel;
}

static void trace__handle_event(struct trace *trace, union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
        const u32 type = event->header.type;
        struct perf_evsel *evsel;

        if (type != PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE) {
                trace__process_event(trace, trace->host, event, sample);
                return;
        }

        evsel = perf_evlist__id2evsel(trace->evlist, sample->id);
        if (evsel == NULL) {
                fprintf(trace->output, "Unknown tp ID %" PRIu64 ", skipping...\n", sample->id);
                return;
        }

        trace__set_base_time(trace, evsel, sample);

        if (evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT &&
            sample->raw_data == NULL) {
                fprintf(trace->output, "%s sample with no payload for tid: %d, cpu %d, raw_size=%d, skipping...\n",
                       perf_evsel__name(evsel), sample->tid,
                       sample->cpu, sample->raw_size);
        } else {
                tracepoint_handler handler = evsel->handler;
                handler(trace, evsel, event, sample);
        }
}

static int trace__add_syscall_newtp(struct trace *trace)
{
        int ret = -1;
        struct perf_evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
        struct perf_evsel *sys_enter, *sys_exit;

        sys_enter = perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp("sys_enter", trace__sys_enter);
        if (sys_enter == NULL)
                goto out;

        if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(sys_enter, args))
                goto out_delete_sys_enter;

        sys_exit = perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp("sys_exit", trace__sys_exit);
        if (sys_exit == NULL)
                goto out_delete_sys_enter;

        if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(sys_exit, ret))
                goto out_delete_sys_exit;

        perf_evsel__config_callchain(sys_enter, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
        perf_evsel__config_callchain(sys_exit, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);

        perf_evlist__add(evlist, sys_enter);
        perf_evlist__add(evlist, sys_exit);

        if (callchain_param.enabled && !trace->kernel_syscallchains) {
                /*
                 * We're interested only in the user space callchain
                 * leading to the syscall, allow overriding that for
                 * debugging reasons using --kernel_syscall_callchains
                 */
                sys_exit->attr.exclude_callchain_kernel = 1;
        }

        trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter = sys_enter;
        trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit  = sys_exit;

        ret = 0;
out:
        return ret;

out_delete_sys_exit:
        perf_evsel__delete_priv(sys_exit);
out_delete_sys_enter:
        perf_evsel__delete_priv(sys_enter);
        goto out;
}

static int trace__set_ev_qualifier_filter(struct trace *trace)
{
        int err = -1;
        struct perf_evsel *sys_exit;
        char *filter = asprintf_expr_inout_ints("id", !trace->not_ev_qualifier,
                                                trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr,
                                                trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);

        if (filter == NULL)
                goto out_enomem;

        if (!perf_evsel__append_tp_filter(trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter,
                                          filter)) {
                sys_exit = trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit;
                err = perf_evsel__append_tp_filter(sys_exit, filter);
        }

        free(filter);
out:
        return err;
out_enomem:
        errno = ENOMEM;
        goto out;
}

static int trace__set_filter_loop_pids(struct trace *trace)
{
        unsigned int nr = 1;
        pid_t pids[32] = {
                getpid(),
        };
        struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(trace->host, pids[0], pids[0]);

        while (thread && nr < ARRAY_SIZE(pids)) {
                struct thread *parent = machine__find_thread(trace->host, thread->ppid, thread->ppid);

                if (parent == NULL)
                        break;

                if (!strcmp(thread__comm_str(parent), "sshd")) {
                        pids[nr++] = parent->tid;
                        break;
                }
                thread = parent;
        }

        return perf_evlist__set_filter_pids(trace->evlist, nr, pids);
}

static int trace__run(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv)
{
        struct perf_evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
        struct perf_evsel *evsel, *pgfault_maj = NULL, *pgfault_min = NULL;
        int err = -1, i;
        unsigned long before;
        const bool forks = argc > 0;
        bool draining = false;

        trace->live = true;

        if (trace->trace_syscalls && trace__add_syscall_newtp(trace))
                goto out_error_raw_syscalls;

        if (trace->trace_syscalls)
                trace->vfs_getname = perf_evlist__add_vfs_getname(evlist);

        if ((trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMAJ)) {
                pgfault_maj = perf_evsel__new_pgfault(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ);
                if (pgfault_maj == NULL)
                        goto out_error_mem;
                perf_evsel__config_callchain(pgfault_maj, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
                perf_evlist__add(evlist, pgfault_maj);
        }

        if ((trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMIN)) {
                pgfault_min = perf_evsel__new_pgfault(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN);
                if (pgfault_min == NULL)
                        goto out_error_mem;
                perf_evsel__config_callchain(pgfault_min, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
                perf_evlist__add(evlist, pgfault_min);
        }

        if (trace->sched &&
            perf_evlist__add_newtp(evlist, "sched", "sched_stat_runtime",
                                   trace__sched_stat_runtime))
                goto out_error_sched_stat_runtime;

        /*
         * If a global cgroup was set, apply it to all the events without an
         * explicit cgroup. I.e.:
         *
         *      trace -G A -e sched:*switch
         *
         * Will set all raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}, pgfault, vfs_getname, etc
         * _and_ sched:sched_switch to the 'A' cgroup, while:
         *
         * trace -e sched:*switch -G A
         *
         * will only set the sched:sched_switch event to the 'A' cgroup, all the
         * other events (raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}, etc are left "without"
         * a cgroup (on the root cgroup, sys wide, etc).
         *
         * Multiple cgroups:
         *
         * trace -G A -e sched:*switch -G B
         *
         * the syscall ones go to the 'A' cgroup, the sched:sched_switch goes
         * to the 'B' cgroup.
         *
         * evlist__set_default_cgroup() grabs a reference of the passed cgroup
         * only for the evsels still without a cgroup, i.e. evsel->cgroup == NULL.
         */
        if (trace->cgroup)
                evlist__set_default_cgroup(trace->evlist, trace->cgroup);

        err = perf_evlist__create_maps(evlist, &trace->opts.target);
        if (err < 0) {
                fprintf(trace->output, "Problems parsing the target to trace, check your options!\n");
                goto out_delete_evlist;
        }

        err = trace__symbols_init(trace, evlist);
        if (err < 0) {
                fprintf(trace->output, "Problems initializing symbol libraries!\n");
                goto out_delete_evlist;
        }

        perf_evlist__config(evlist, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);

        signal(SIGCHLD, sig_handler);
        signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);

        if (forks) {
                err = perf_evlist__prepare_workload(evlist, &trace->opts.target,
                                                    argv, false, NULL);
                if (err < 0) {
                        fprintf(trace->output, "Couldn't run the workload!\n");
                        goto out_delete_evlist;
                }
        }

        err = perf_evlist__open(evlist);
        if (err < 0)
                goto out_error_open;

        err = bpf__apply_obj_config();
        if (err) {
                char errbuf[BUFSIZ];

                bpf__strerror_apply_obj_config(err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
                pr_err("ERROR: Apply config to BPF failed: %s\n",
                         errbuf);
                goto out_error_open;
        }

        /*
         * Better not use !target__has_task() here because we need to cover the
         * case where no threads were specified in the command line, but a
         * workload was, and in that case we will fill in the thread_map when
         * we fork the workload in perf_evlist__prepare_workload.
         */
        if (trace->filter_pids.nr > 0)
                err = perf_evlist__set_filter_pids(evlist, trace->filter_pids.nr, trace->filter_pids.entries);
        else if (thread_map__pid(evlist->threads, 0) == -1)
                err = trace__set_filter_loop_pids(trace);

        if (err < 0)
                goto out_error_mem;

        if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr > 0) {
                err = trace__set_ev_qualifier_filter(trace);
                if (err < 0)
                        goto out_errno;

                pr_debug("event qualifier tracepoint filter: %s\n",
                         trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit->filter);
        }

        err = perf_evlist__apply_filters(evlist, &evsel);
        if (err < 0)
                goto out_error_apply_filters;

        err = perf_evlist__mmap(evlist, trace->opts.mmap_pages);
        if (err < 0)
                goto out_error_mmap;

        if (!target__none(&trace->opts.target) && !trace->opts.initial_delay)
                perf_evlist__enable(evlist);

        if (forks)
                perf_evlist__start_workload(evlist);

        if (trace->opts.initial_delay) {
                usleep(trace->opts.initial_delay * 1000);
                perf_evlist__enable(evlist);
        }

        trace->multiple_threads = thread_map__pid(evlist->threads, 0) == -1 ||
                                  evlist->threads->nr > 1 ||
                                  perf_evlist__first(evlist)->attr.inherit;

        /*
         * Now that we already used evsel->attr to ask the kernel to setup the
         * events, lets reuse evsel->attr.sample_max_stack as the limit in
         * trace__resolve_callchain(), allowing per-event max-stack settings
         * to override an explicitely set --max-stack global setting.
         */
        evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
                if (evsel__has_callchain(evsel) &&
                    evsel->attr.sample_max_stack == 0)
                        evsel->attr.sample_max_stack = trace->max_stack;
        }
again:
        before = trace->nr_events;

        for (i = 0; i < evlist->nr_mmaps; i++) {
                union perf_event *event;
                struct perf_mmap *md;

                md = &evlist->mmap[i];
                if (perf_mmap__read_init(md) < 0)
                        continue;

                while ((event = perf_mmap__read_event(md)) != NULL) {
                        struct perf_sample sample;

                        ++trace->nr_events;

                        err = perf_evlist__parse_sample(evlist, event, &sample);
                        if (err) {
                                fprintf(trace->output, "Can't parse sample, err = %d, skipping...\n", err);
                                goto next_event;
                        }

                        trace__handle_event(trace, event, &sample);
next_event:
                        perf_mmap__consume(md);

                        if (interrupted)
                                goto out_disable;

                        if (done && !draining) {
                                perf_evlist__disable(evlist);
                                draining = true;
                        }
                }
                perf_mmap__read_done(md);
        }

        if (trace->nr_events == before) {
                int timeout = done ? 100 : -1;

                if (!draining && perf_evlist__poll(evlist, timeout) > 0) {
                        if (perf_evlist__filter_pollfd(evlist, POLLERR | POLLHUP) == 0)
                                draining = true;

                        goto again;
                }
        } else {
                goto again;
        }

out_disable:
        thread__zput(trace->current);

        perf_evlist__disable(evlist);

        if (!err) {
                if (trace->summary)
                        trace__fprintf_thread_summary(trace, trace->output);

                if (trace->show_tool_stats) {
                        fprintf(trace->output, "Stats:\n "
                                               " vfs_getname : %" PRIu64 "\n"
                                               " proc_getname: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                                trace->stats.vfs_getname,
                                trace->stats.proc_getname);
                }
        }

out_delete_evlist:
        trace__symbols__exit(trace);

        perf_evlist__delete(evlist);
        cgroup__put(trace->cgroup);
        trace->evlist = NULL;
        trace->live = false;
        return err;
{
        char errbuf[BUFSIZ];

out_error_sched_stat_runtime:
        tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "sched", "sched_stat_runtime");
        goto out_error;

out_error_raw_syscalls:
        tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "raw_syscalls", "sys_(enter|exit)");
        goto out_error;

out_error_mmap:
        perf_evlist__strerror_mmap(evlist, errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
        goto out_error;

out_error_open:
        perf_evlist__strerror_open(evlist, errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));

out_error:
        fprintf(trace->output, "%s\n", errbuf);
        goto out_delete_evlist;

out_error_apply_filters:
        fprintf(trace->output,
                "Failed to set filter \"%s\" on event %s with %d (%s)\n",
                evsel->filter, perf_evsel__name(evsel), errno,
                str_error_r(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
        goto out_delete_evlist;
}
out_error_mem:
        fprintf(trace->output, "Not enough memory to run!\n");
        goto out_delete_evlist;

out_errno:
        fprintf(trace->output, "errno=%d,%s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
        goto out_delete_evlist;
}

static int trace__replay(struct trace *trace)
{
        const struct perf_evsel_str_handler handlers[] = {
                { "probe:vfs_getname",       trace__vfs_getname, },
        };
        struct perf_data data = {
                .file      = {
                        .path = input_name,
                },
                .mode      = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ,
                .force     = trace->force,
        };
        struct perf_session *session;
        struct perf_evsel *evsel;
        int err = -1;

        trace->tool.sample        = trace__process_sample;
        trace->tool.mmap          = perf_event__process_mmap;
        trace->tool.mmap2         = perf_event__process_mmap2;
        trace->tool.comm          = perf_event__process_comm;
        trace->tool.exit          = perf_event__process_exit;
        trace->tool.fork          = perf_event__process_fork;
        trace->tool.attr          = perf_event__process_attr;
        trace->tool.tracing_data  = perf_event__process_tracing_data;
        trace->tool.build_id      = perf_event__process_build_id;
        trace->tool.namespaces    = perf_event__process_namespaces;

        trace->tool.ordered_events = true;
        trace->tool.ordering_requires_timestamps = true;

        /* add tid to output */
        trace->multiple_threads = true;

        session = perf_session__new(&data, false, &trace->tool);
        if (session == NULL)
                return -1;

        if (trace->opts.target.pid)
                symbol_conf.pid_list_str = strdup(trace->opts.target.pid);

        if (trace->opts.target.tid)
                symbol_conf.tid_list_str = strdup(trace->opts.target.tid);

        if (symbol__init(&session->header.env) < 0)
                goto out;

        trace->host = &session->machines.host;

        err = perf_session__set_tracepoints_handlers(session, handlers);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        evsel = perf_evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist,
                                                     "raw_syscalls:sys_enter");
        /* older kernels have syscalls tp versus raw_syscalls */
        if (evsel == NULL)
                evsel = perf_evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist,
                                                             "syscalls:sys_enter");

        if (evsel &&
            (perf_evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, trace__sys_enter) < 0 ||
            perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(evsel, args))) {
                pr_err("Error during initialize raw_syscalls:sys_enter event\n");
                goto out;
        }

        evsel = perf_evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist,
                                                     "raw_syscalls:sys_exit");
        if (evsel == NULL)
                evsel = perf_evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist,
                                                             "syscalls:sys_exit");
        if (evsel &&
            (perf_evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, trace__sys_exit) < 0 ||
            perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, ret))) {
                pr_err("Error during initialize raw_syscalls:sys_exit event\n");
                goto out;
        }

        evlist__for_each_entry(session->evlist, evsel) {
                if (evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE &&
                    (evsel->attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ ||
                     evsel->attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN ||
                     evsel->attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS))
                        evsel->handler = trace__pgfault;
        }

        setup_pager();

        err = perf_session__process_events(session);
        if (err)
                pr_err("Failed to process events, error %d", err);

        else if (trace->summary)
                trace__fprintf_thread_summary(trace, trace->output);

out:
        perf_session__delete(session);

        return err;
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_threads_header(FILE *fp)
{
        size_t printed;

        printed  = fprintf(fp, "\n Summary of events:\n\n");

        return printed;
}

DEFINE_RESORT_RB(syscall_stats, a->msecs > b->msecs,
        struct stats    *stats;
        double          msecs;
        int             syscall;
)
{
        struct int_node *source = rb_entry(nd, struct int_node, rb_node);
        struct stats *stats = source->priv;

        entry->syscall = source->i;
        entry->stats   = stats;
        entry->msecs   = stats ? (u64)stats->n * (avg_stats(stats) / NSEC_PER_MSEC) : 0;
}

static size_t thread__dump_stats(struct thread_trace *ttrace,
                                 struct trace *trace, FILE *fp)
{
        size_t printed = 0;
        struct syscall *sc;
        struct rb_node *nd;
        DECLARE_RESORT_RB_INTLIST(syscall_stats, ttrace->syscall_stats);

        if (syscall_stats == NULL)
                return 0;

        printed += fprintf(fp, "\n");

        printed += fprintf(fp, "   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev\n");
        printed += fprintf(fp, "                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%%)\n");
        printed += fprintf(fp, "   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------\n");

        resort_rb__for_each_entry(nd, syscall_stats) {
                struct stats *stats = syscall_stats_entry->stats;
                if (stats) {
                        double min = (double)(stats->min) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
                        double max = (double)(stats->max) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
                        double avg = avg_stats(stats);
                        double pct;
                        u64 n = (u64) stats->n;

                        pct = avg ? 100.0 * stddev_stats(stats)/avg : 0.0;
                        avg /= NSEC_PER_MSEC;

                        sc = &trace->syscalls.table[syscall_stats_entry->syscall];
                        printed += fprintf(fp, "   %-15s", sc->name);
                        printed += fprintf(fp, " %8" PRIu64 " %9.3f %9.3f %9.3f",
                                           n, syscall_stats_entry->msecs, min, avg);
                        printed += fprintf(fp, " %9.3f %9.2f%%\n", max, pct);
                }
        }

        resort_rb__delete(syscall_stats);
        printed += fprintf(fp, "\n\n");

        return printed;
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_thread(FILE *fp, struct thread *thread, struct trace *trace)
{
        size_t printed = 0;
        struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
        double ratio;

        if (ttrace == NULL)
                return 0;

        ratio = (double)ttrace->nr_events / trace->nr_events * 100.0;

        printed += fprintf(fp, " %s (%d), ", thread__comm_str(thread), thread->tid);
        printed += fprintf(fp, "%lu events, ", ttrace->nr_events);
        printed += fprintf(fp, "%.1f%%", ratio);
        if (ttrace->pfmaj)
                printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu majfaults", ttrace->pfmaj);
        if (ttrace->pfmin)
                printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu minfaults", ttrace->pfmin);
        if (trace->sched)
                printed += fprintf(fp, ", %.3f msec\n", ttrace->runtime_ms);
        else if (fputc('\n', fp) != EOF)
                ++printed;

        printed += thread__dump_stats(ttrace, trace, fp);

        return printed;
}

static unsigned long thread__nr_events(struct thread_trace *ttrace)
{
        return ttrace ? ttrace->nr_events : 0;
}

DEFINE_RESORT_RB(threads, (thread__nr_events(a->thread->priv) < thread__nr_events(b->thread->priv)),
        struct thread *thread;
)
{
        entry->thread = rb_entry(nd, struct thread, rb_node);
}

static size_t trace__fprintf_thread_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp)
{
        size_t printed = trace__fprintf_threads_header(fp);
        struct rb_node *nd;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < THREADS__TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
                DECLARE_RESORT_RB_MACHINE_THREADS(threads, trace->host, i);

                if (threads == NULL) {
                        fprintf(fp, "%s", "Error sorting output by nr_events!\n");
                        return 0;
                }

                resort_rb__for_each_entry(nd, threads)
                        printed += trace__fprintf_thread(fp, threads_entry->thread, trace);

                resort_rb__delete(threads);
        }
        return printed;
}

static int trace__set_duration(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
                               int unset __maybe_unused)
{
        struct trace *trace = opt->value;

        trace->duration_filter = atof(str);
        return 0;
}

static int trace__set_filter_pids(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
                                  int unset __maybe_unused)
{
        int ret = -1;
        size_t i;
        struct trace *trace = opt->value;
        /*
         * FIXME: introduce a intarray class, plain parse csv and create a
         * { int nr, int entries[] } struct...
         */
        struct intlist *list = intlist__new(str);

        if (list == NULL)
                return -1;

        i = trace->filter_pids.nr = intlist__nr_entries(list) + 1;
        trace->filter_pids.entries = calloc(i, sizeof(pid_t));

        if (trace->filter_pids.entries == NULL)
                goto out;

        trace->filter_pids.entries[0] = getpid();

        for (i = 1; i < trace->filter_pids.nr; ++i)
                trace->filter_pids.entries[i] = intlist__entry(list, i - 1)->i;

        intlist__delete(list);
        ret = 0;
out:
        return ret;
}

static int trace__open_output(struct trace *trace, const char *filename)
{
        struct stat st;

        if (!stat(filename, &st) && st.st_size) {
                char oldname[PATH_MAX];

                scnprintf(oldname, sizeof(oldname), "%s.old", filename);
                unlink(oldname);
                rename(filename, oldname);
        }

        trace->output = fopen(filename, "w");

        return trace->output == NULL ? -errno : 0;
}

static int parse_pagefaults(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
                            int unset __maybe_unused)
{
        int *trace_pgfaults = opt->value;

        if (strcmp(str, "all") == 0)
                *trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMAJ | TRACE_PFMIN;
        else if (strcmp(str, "maj") == 0)
                *trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMAJ;