1
2
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4
5
6#include <linux/bitfield.h>
7#include <linux/firmware.h>
8#include <drm/drm_print.h>
9
10#include "intel_uc_fw.h"
11#include "intel_uc_fw_abi.h"
12#include "i915_drv.h"
13
14static inline struct intel_gt *
15____uc_fw_to_gt(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw, enum intel_uc_fw_type type)
16{
17 if (type == INTEL_UC_FW_TYPE_GUC)
18 return container_of(uc_fw, struct intel_gt, uc.guc.fw);
19
20 GEM_BUG_ON(type != INTEL_UC_FW_TYPE_HUC);
21 return container_of(uc_fw, struct intel_gt, uc.huc.fw);
22}
23
24static inline struct intel_gt *__uc_fw_to_gt(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
25{
26 GEM_BUG_ON(uc_fw->status == INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_UNINITIALIZED);
27 return ____uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw, uc_fw->type);
28}
29
30#ifdef CONFIG_DRM_I915_DEBUG_GUC
31void intel_uc_fw_change_status(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw,
32 enum intel_uc_fw_status status)
33{
34 uc_fw->__status = status;
35 drm_dbg(&__uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw)->i915->drm,
36 "%s firmware -> %s\n",
37 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type),
38 status == INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_SELECTED ?
39 uc_fw->path : intel_uc_fw_status_repr(status));
40}
41#endif
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50#define INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_DEFS(fw_def, guc_def, huc_def) \
51 fw_def(ALDERLAKE_P, 0, guc_def(adlp, 62, 0, 3), huc_def(tgl, 7, 9, 3)) \
52 fw_def(ALDERLAKE_S, 0, guc_def(tgl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(tgl, 7, 9, 3)) \
53 fw_def(ROCKETLAKE, 0, guc_def(tgl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(tgl, 7, 9, 3)) \
54 fw_def(TIGERLAKE, 0, guc_def(tgl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(tgl, 7, 9, 3)) \
55 fw_def(JASPERLAKE, 0, guc_def(ehl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(ehl, 9, 0, 0)) \
56 fw_def(ELKHARTLAKE, 0, guc_def(ehl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(ehl, 9, 0, 0)) \
57 fw_def(ICELAKE, 0, guc_def(icl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(icl, 9, 0, 0)) \
58 fw_def(COMETLAKE, 5, guc_def(cml, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(cml, 4, 0, 0)) \
59 fw_def(COMETLAKE, 0, guc_def(kbl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(kbl, 4, 0, 0)) \
60 fw_def(COFFEELAKE, 0, guc_def(kbl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(kbl, 4, 0, 0)) \
61 fw_def(GEMINILAKE, 0, guc_def(glk, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(glk, 4, 0, 0)) \
62 fw_def(KABYLAKE, 0, guc_def(kbl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(kbl, 4, 0, 0)) \
63 fw_def(BROXTON, 0, guc_def(bxt, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(bxt, 2, 0, 0)) \
64 fw_def(SKYLAKE, 0, guc_def(skl, 62, 0, 0), huc_def(skl, 2, 0, 0))
65
66#define __MAKE_UC_FW_PATH(prefix_, name_, major_, minor_, patch_) \
67 "i915/" \
68 __stringify(prefix_) name_ \
69 __stringify(major_) "." \
70 __stringify(minor_) "." \
71 __stringify(patch_) ".bin"
72
73#define MAKE_GUC_FW_PATH(prefix_, major_, minor_, patch_) \
74 __MAKE_UC_FW_PATH(prefix_, "_guc_", major_, minor_, patch_)
75
76#define MAKE_HUC_FW_PATH(prefix_, major_, minor_, bld_num_) \
77 __MAKE_UC_FW_PATH(prefix_, "_huc_", major_, minor_, bld_num_)
78
79
80#define INTEL_UC_MODULE_FW(platform_, revid_, guc_, huc_) \
81 MODULE_FIRMWARE(guc_); \
82 MODULE_FIRMWARE(huc_);
83
84INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_DEFS(INTEL_UC_MODULE_FW, MAKE_GUC_FW_PATH, MAKE_HUC_FW_PATH)
85
86
87struct __packed uc_fw_blob {
88 u8 major;
89 u8 minor;
90 const char *path;
91};
92
93#define UC_FW_BLOB(major_, minor_, path_) \
94 { .major = major_, .minor = minor_, .path = path_ }
95
96#define GUC_FW_BLOB(prefix_, major_, minor_, patch_) \
97 UC_FW_BLOB(major_, minor_, \
98 MAKE_GUC_FW_PATH(prefix_, major_, minor_, patch_))
99
100#define HUC_FW_BLOB(prefix_, major_, minor_, bld_num_) \
101 UC_FW_BLOB(major_, minor_, \
102 MAKE_HUC_FW_PATH(prefix_, major_, minor_, bld_num_))
103
104struct __packed uc_fw_platform_requirement {
105 enum intel_platform p;
106 u8 rev;
107 const struct uc_fw_blob blobs[INTEL_UC_FW_NUM_TYPES];
108};
109
110#define MAKE_FW_LIST(platform_, revid_, guc_, huc_) \
111{ \
112 .p = INTEL_##platform_, \
113 .rev = revid_, \
114 .blobs[INTEL_UC_FW_TYPE_GUC] = guc_, \
115 .blobs[INTEL_UC_FW_TYPE_HUC] = huc_, \
116},
117
118static void
119__uc_fw_auto_select(struct drm_i915_private *i915, struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
120{
121 static const struct uc_fw_platform_requirement fw_blobs[] = {
122 INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_DEFS(MAKE_FW_LIST, GUC_FW_BLOB, HUC_FW_BLOB)
123 };
124 enum intel_platform p = INTEL_INFO(i915)->platform;
125 u8 rev = INTEL_REVID(i915);
126 int i;
127
128 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fw_blobs) && p <= fw_blobs[i].p; i++) {
129 if (p == fw_blobs[i].p && rev >= fw_blobs[i].rev) {
130 const struct uc_fw_blob *blob =
131 &fw_blobs[i].blobs[uc_fw->type];
132 uc_fw->path = blob->path;
133 uc_fw->major_ver_wanted = blob->major;
134 uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted = blob->minor;
135 break;
136 }
137 }
138
139
140 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DRM_I915_SELFTEST)) {
141 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fw_blobs); i++) {
142 if (fw_blobs[i].p < fw_blobs[i - 1].p)
143 continue;
144
145 if (fw_blobs[i].p == fw_blobs[i - 1].p &&
146 fw_blobs[i].rev < fw_blobs[i - 1].rev)
147 continue;
148
149 pr_err("invalid FW blob order: %s r%u comes before %s r%u\n",
150 intel_platform_name(fw_blobs[i - 1].p),
151 fw_blobs[i - 1].rev,
152 intel_platform_name(fw_blobs[i].p),
153 fw_blobs[i].rev);
154
155 uc_fw->path = NULL;
156 }
157 }
158}
159
160static const char *__override_guc_firmware_path(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
161{
162 if (i915->params.enable_guc & ENABLE_GUC_MASK)
163 return i915->params.guc_firmware_path;
164 return "";
165}
166
167static const char *__override_huc_firmware_path(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
168{
169 if (i915->params.enable_guc & ENABLE_GUC_LOAD_HUC)
170 return i915->params.huc_firmware_path;
171 return "";
172}
173
174static void __uc_fw_user_override(struct drm_i915_private *i915, struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
175{
176 const char *path = NULL;
177
178 switch (uc_fw->type) {
179 case INTEL_UC_FW_TYPE_GUC:
180 path = __override_guc_firmware_path(i915);
181 break;
182 case INTEL_UC_FW_TYPE_HUC:
183 path = __override_huc_firmware_path(i915);
184 break;
185 }
186
187 if (unlikely(path)) {
188 uc_fw->path = path;
189 uc_fw->user_overridden = true;
190 }
191}
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201void intel_uc_fw_init_early(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw,
202 enum intel_uc_fw_type type)
203{
204 struct drm_i915_private *i915 = ____uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw, type)->i915;
205
206
207
208
209
210 BUILD_BUG_ON(INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_UNINITIALIZED);
211 GEM_BUG_ON(uc_fw->status);
212 GEM_BUG_ON(uc_fw->path);
213
214 uc_fw->type = type;
215
216 if (HAS_GT_UC(i915)) {
217 __uc_fw_auto_select(i915, uc_fw);
218 __uc_fw_user_override(i915, uc_fw);
219 }
220
221 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, uc_fw->path ? *uc_fw->path ?
222 INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_SELECTED :
223 INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_DISABLED :
224 INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
225}
226
227static void __force_fw_fetch_failures(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw, int e)
228{
229 struct drm_i915_private *i915 = __uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw)->i915;
230 bool user = e == -EINVAL;
231
232 if (i915_inject_probe_error(i915, e)) {
233
234 uc_fw->path = "<invalid>";
235 uc_fw->user_overridden = user;
236 } else if (i915_inject_probe_error(i915, e)) {
237
238 uc_fw->major_ver_wanted += 1;
239 uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted = 0;
240 uc_fw->user_overridden = user;
241 } else if (i915_inject_probe_error(i915, e)) {
242
243 uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted += 1;
244 uc_fw->user_overridden = user;
245 } else if (uc_fw->major_ver_wanted &&
246 i915_inject_probe_error(i915, e)) {
247
248 uc_fw->major_ver_wanted -= 1;
249 uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted = 0;
250 uc_fw->user_overridden = user;
251 } else if (uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted &&
252 i915_inject_probe_error(i915, e)) {
253
254 uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted -= 1;
255 uc_fw->user_overridden = user;
256 } else if (user && i915_inject_probe_error(i915, e)) {
257
258 uc_fw->major_ver_wanted = 0;
259 uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted = 0;
260 uc_fw->user_overridden = true;
261 }
262}
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272int intel_uc_fw_fetch(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
273{
274 struct drm_i915_private *i915 = __uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw)->i915;
275 struct device *dev = i915->drm.dev;
276 struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj;
277 const struct firmware *fw = NULL;
278 struct uc_css_header *css;
279 size_t size;
280 int err;
281
282 GEM_BUG_ON(!i915->wopcm.size);
283 GEM_BUG_ON(!intel_uc_fw_is_enabled(uc_fw));
284
285 err = i915_inject_probe_error(i915, -ENXIO);
286 if (err)
287 goto fail;
288
289 __force_fw_fetch_failures(uc_fw, -EINVAL);
290 __force_fw_fetch_failures(uc_fw, -ESTALE);
291
292 err = request_firmware(&fw, uc_fw->path, dev);
293 if (err)
294 goto fail;
295
296
297 if (unlikely(fw->size < sizeof(struct uc_css_header))) {
298 drm_warn(&i915->drm, "%s firmware %s: invalid size: %zu < %zu\n",
299 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path,
300 fw->size, sizeof(struct uc_css_header));
301 err = -ENODATA;
302 goto fail;
303 }
304
305 css = (struct uc_css_header *)fw->data;
306
307
308 size = (css->header_size_dw - css->key_size_dw - css->modulus_size_dw -
309 css->exponent_size_dw) * sizeof(u32);
310 if (unlikely(size != sizeof(struct uc_css_header))) {
311 drm_warn(&i915->drm,
312 "%s firmware %s: unexpected header size: %zu != %zu\n",
313 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path,
314 fw->size, sizeof(struct uc_css_header));
315 err = -EPROTO;
316 goto fail;
317 }
318
319
320 uc_fw->ucode_size = (css->size_dw - css->header_size_dw) * sizeof(u32);
321
322
323 if (unlikely(css->key_size_dw != UOS_RSA_SCRATCH_COUNT)) {
324 drm_warn(&i915->drm, "%s firmware %s: unexpected key size: %u != %u\n",
325 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path,
326 css->key_size_dw, UOS_RSA_SCRATCH_COUNT);
327 err = -EPROTO;
328 goto fail;
329 }
330 uc_fw->rsa_size = css->key_size_dw * sizeof(u32);
331
332
333 size = sizeof(struct uc_css_header) + uc_fw->ucode_size + uc_fw->rsa_size;
334 if (unlikely(fw->size < size)) {
335 drm_warn(&i915->drm, "%s firmware %s: invalid size: %zu < %zu\n",
336 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path,
337 fw->size, size);
338 err = -ENOEXEC;
339 goto fail;
340 }
341
342
343 size = __intel_uc_fw_get_upload_size(uc_fw);
344 if (unlikely(size >= i915->wopcm.size)) {
345 drm_warn(&i915->drm, "%s firmware %s: invalid size: %zu > %zu\n",
346 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path,
347 size, (size_t)i915->wopcm.size);
348 err = -E2BIG;
349 goto fail;
350 }
351
352
353 uc_fw->major_ver_found = FIELD_GET(CSS_SW_VERSION_UC_MAJOR,
354 css->sw_version);
355 uc_fw->minor_ver_found = FIELD_GET(CSS_SW_VERSION_UC_MINOR,
356 css->sw_version);
357
358 if (uc_fw->major_ver_found != uc_fw->major_ver_wanted ||
359 uc_fw->minor_ver_found < uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted) {
360 drm_notice(&i915->drm, "%s firmware %s: unexpected version: %u.%u != %u.%u\n",
361 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path,
362 uc_fw->major_ver_found, uc_fw->minor_ver_found,
363 uc_fw->major_ver_wanted, uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted);
364 if (!intel_uc_fw_is_overridden(uc_fw)) {
365 err = -ENOEXEC;
366 goto fail;
367 }
368 }
369
370 if (uc_fw->type == INTEL_UC_FW_TYPE_GUC)
371 uc_fw->private_data_size = css->private_data_size;
372
373 obj = i915_gem_object_create_shmem_from_data(i915, fw->data, fw->size);
374 if (IS_ERR(obj)) {
375 err = PTR_ERR(obj);
376 goto fail;
377 }
378
379 uc_fw->obj = obj;
380 uc_fw->size = fw->size;
381 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_AVAILABLE);
382
383 release_firmware(fw);
384 return 0;
385
386fail:
387 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, err == -ENOENT ?
388 INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_MISSING :
389 INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_ERROR);
390
391 drm_notice(&i915->drm, "%s firmware %s: fetch failed with error %d\n",
392 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path, err);
393 drm_info(&i915->drm, "%s firmware(s) can be downloaded from %s\n",
394 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_URL);
395
396 release_firmware(fw);
397 return err;
398}
399
400static u32 uc_fw_ggtt_offset(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
401{
402 struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = __uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw)->ggtt;
403 struct drm_mm_node *node = &ggtt->uc_fw;
404
405 GEM_BUG_ON(!drm_mm_node_allocated(node));
406 GEM_BUG_ON(upper_32_bits(node->start));
407 GEM_BUG_ON(upper_32_bits(node->start + node->size - 1));
408
409 return lower_32_bits(node->start);
410}
411
412static void uc_fw_bind_ggtt(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
413{
414 struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = uc_fw->obj;
415 struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = __uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw)->ggtt;
416 struct i915_vma dummy = {
417 .node.start = uc_fw_ggtt_offset(uc_fw),
418 .node.size = obj->base.size,
419 .pages = obj->mm.pages,
420 .vm = &ggtt->vm,
421 };
422
423 GEM_BUG_ON(!i915_gem_object_has_pinned_pages(obj));
424 GEM_BUG_ON(dummy.node.size > ggtt->uc_fw.size);
425
426
427 drm_clflush_sg(dummy.pages);
428
429 ggtt->vm.insert_entries(&ggtt->vm, &dummy, I915_CACHE_NONE, 0);
430}
431
432static void uc_fw_unbind_ggtt(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
433{
434 struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = uc_fw->obj;
435 struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = __uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw)->ggtt;
436 u64 start = uc_fw_ggtt_offset(uc_fw);
437
438 ggtt->vm.clear_range(&ggtt->vm, start, obj->base.size);
439}
440
441static int uc_fw_xfer(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw, u32 dst_offset, u32 dma_flags)
442{
443 struct intel_gt *gt = __uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw);
444 struct intel_uncore *uncore = gt->uncore;
445 u64 offset;
446 int ret;
447
448 ret = i915_inject_probe_error(gt->i915, -ETIMEDOUT);
449 if (ret)
450 return ret;
451
452 intel_uncore_forcewake_get(uncore, FORCEWAKE_ALL);
453
454
455 offset = uc_fw_ggtt_offset(uc_fw);
456 GEM_BUG_ON(upper_32_bits(offset) & 0xFFFF0000);
457 intel_uncore_write_fw(uncore, DMA_ADDR_0_LOW, lower_32_bits(offset));
458 intel_uncore_write_fw(uncore, DMA_ADDR_0_HIGH, upper_32_bits(offset));
459
460
461 intel_uncore_write_fw(uncore, DMA_ADDR_1_LOW, dst_offset);
462 intel_uncore_write_fw(uncore, DMA_ADDR_1_HIGH, DMA_ADDRESS_SPACE_WOPCM);
463
464
465
466
467
468 intel_uncore_write_fw(uncore, DMA_COPY_SIZE,
469 sizeof(struct uc_css_header) + uc_fw->ucode_size);
470
471
472 intel_uncore_write_fw(uncore, DMA_CTRL,
473 _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(dma_flags | START_DMA));
474
475
476 ret = intel_wait_for_register_fw(uncore, DMA_CTRL, START_DMA, 0, 100);
477 if (ret)
478 drm_err(>->i915->drm, "DMA for %s fw failed, DMA_CTRL=%u\n",
479 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type),
480 intel_uncore_read_fw(uncore, DMA_CTRL));
481
482
483 intel_uncore_write_fw(uncore, DMA_CTRL, _MASKED_BIT_DISABLE(dma_flags));
484
485 intel_uncore_forcewake_put(uncore, FORCEWAKE_ALL);
486
487 return ret;
488}
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500int intel_uc_fw_upload(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw, u32 dst_offset, u32 dma_flags)
501{
502 struct intel_gt *gt = __uc_fw_to_gt(uc_fw);
503 int err;
504
505
506 GEM_BUG_ON(intel_uc_fw_is_loaded(uc_fw));
507
508 err = i915_inject_probe_error(gt->i915, -ENOEXEC);
509 if (err)
510 return err;
511
512 if (!intel_uc_fw_is_loadable(uc_fw))
513 return -ENOEXEC;
514
515
516 uc_fw_bind_ggtt(uc_fw);
517 err = uc_fw_xfer(uc_fw, dst_offset, dma_flags);
518 uc_fw_unbind_ggtt(uc_fw);
519 if (err)
520 goto fail;
521
522 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_TRANSFERRED);
523 return 0;
524
525fail:
526 i915_probe_error(gt->i915, "Failed to load %s firmware %s (%d)\n",
527 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path,
528 err);
529 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_FAIL);
530 return err;
531}
532
533int intel_uc_fw_init(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
534{
535 int err;
536
537
538 GEM_BUG_ON(intel_uc_fw_is_loaded(uc_fw));
539
540 if (!intel_uc_fw_is_available(uc_fw))
541 return -ENOEXEC;
542
543 err = i915_gem_object_pin_pages_unlocked(uc_fw->obj);
544 if (err) {
545 DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("%s fw pin-pages err=%d\n",
546 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), err);
547 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_FAIL);
548 }
549
550 return err;
551}
552
553void intel_uc_fw_fini(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
554{
555 if (i915_gem_object_has_pinned_pages(uc_fw->obj))
556 i915_gem_object_unpin_pages(uc_fw->obj);
557
558 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_AVAILABLE);
559}
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567void intel_uc_fw_cleanup_fetch(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw)
568{
569 if (!intel_uc_fw_is_available(uc_fw))
570 return;
571
572 i915_gem_object_put(fetch_and_zero(&uc_fw->obj));
573
574 intel_uc_fw_change_status(uc_fw, INTEL_UC_FIRMWARE_SELECTED);
575}
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586size_t intel_uc_fw_copy_rsa(struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw, void *dst, u32 max_len)
587{
588 struct sg_table *pages = uc_fw->obj->mm.pages;
589 u32 size = min_t(u32, uc_fw->rsa_size, max_len);
590 u32 offset = sizeof(struct uc_css_header) + uc_fw->ucode_size;
591
592 GEM_BUG_ON(!intel_uc_fw_is_available(uc_fw));
593
594 return sg_pcopy_to_buffer(pages->sgl, pages->nents, dst, size, offset);
595}
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604void intel_uc_fw_dump(const struct intel_uc_fw *uc_fw, struct drm_printer *p)
605{
606 drm_printf(p, "%s firmware: %s\n",
607 intel_uc_fw_type_repr(uc_fw->type), uc_fw->path);
608 drm_printf(p, "\tstatus: %s\n",
609 intel_uc_fw_status_repr(uc_fw->status));
610 drm_printf(p, "\tversion: wanted %u.%u, found %u.%u\n",
611 uc_fw->major_ver_wanted, uc_fw->minor_ver_wanted,
612 uc_fw->major_ver_found, uc_fw->minor_ver_found);
613 drm_printf(p, "\tuCode: %u bytes\n", uc_fw->ucode_size);
614 drm_printf(p, "\tRSA: %u bytes\n", uc_fw->rsa_size);
615}
616