// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>

#include <asm/branch.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/fpu_emulator.h>
#include <asm/inst.h>
#include <asm/mipsregs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

/**
 * struct emuframe - The 'emulation' frame structure
 * @emul:       The instruction to 'emulate'.
 * @badinst:    A break instruction to cause a return to the kernel.
 *
 * This structure defines the frames placed within the delay slot emulation
 * page in response to a call to mips_dsemul(). Each thread may be allocated
 * only one frame at any given time. The kernel stores within it the
 * instruction to be 'emulated' followed by a break instruction, then
 * executes the frame in user mode. The break causes a trap to the kernel
 * which leads to do_dsemulret() being called unless the instruction in
 * @emul causes a trap itself, is a branch, or a signal is delivered to
 * the thread. In these cases the allocated frame will either be reused by
 * a subsequent delay slot 'emulation', or be freed during signal delivery or
 * upon thread exit.
 *
 * This approach is used because:
 *
 * - Actually emulating all instructions isn't feasible. We would need to
 *   be able to handle instructions from all revisions of the MIPS ISA,
 *   all ASEs & all vendor instruction set extensions. This would be a
 *   whole lot of work & continual maintenance burden as new instructions
 *   are introduced, and in the case of some vendor extensions may not
 *   even be possible. Thus we need to take the approach of actually
 *   executing the instruction.
 *
 * - We must execute the instruction within user context. If we were to
 *   execute the instruction in kernel mode then it would have access to
 *   kernel resources without very careful checks, leaving us with a
 *   high potential for security or stability issues to arise.
 *
 * - We used to place the frame on the users stack, but this requires
 *   that the stack be executable. This is bad for security so the
 *   per-process page is now used instead.
 *
 * - The instruction in @emul may be something entirely invalid for a
 *   delay slot. The user may (intentionally or otherwise) place a branch
 *   in a delay slot, or a kernel mode instruction, or something else
 *   which generates an exception. Thus we can't rely upon the break in
 *   @badinst always being hit. For this reason we track the index of the
 *   frame allocated to each thread, allowing us to clean it up at later
 *   points such as signal delivery or thread exit.
 *
 * - The user may generate a fake struct emuframe if they wish, invoking
 *   the BRK_MEMU break instruction themselves. We must therefore not
 *   trust that BRK_MEMU means there's actually a valid frame allocated
 *   to the thread, and must not allow the user to do anything they
 *   couldn't already.
 */
struct emuframe {
        mips_instruction        emul;
        mips_instruction        badinst;
};

static const int emupage_frame_count = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct emuframe);

static inline __user struct emuframe *dsemul_page(void)
{
        return (__user struct emuframe *)STACK_TOP;
}

static int alloc_emuframe(void)
{
        mm_context_t *mm_ctx = &current->mm->context;
        int idx;

retry:
        spin_lock(&mm_ctx->bd_emupage_lock);

        /* Ensure we have an allocation bitmap */
        if (!mm_ctx->bd_emupage_allocmap) {
                mm_ctx->bd_emupage_allocmap =
                        kcalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(emupage_frame_count),
                                              sizeof(unsigned long),
                                GFP_ATOMIC);

                if (!mm_ctx->bd_emupage_allocmap) {
                        idx = BD_EMUFRAME_NONE;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }
        }

        /* Attempt to allocate a single bit/frame */
        idx = bitmap_find_free_region(mm_ctx->bd_emupage_allocmap,
                                      emupage_frame_count, 0);
        if (idx < 0) {
                /*
                 * Failed to allocate a frame. We'll wait until one becomes
                 * available. We unlock the page so that other threads actually
                 * get the opportunity to free their frames, which means
                 * technically the result of bitmap_full may be incorrect.
                 * However the worst case is that we repeat all this and end up
                 * back here again.
                 */
                spin_unlock(&mm_ctx->bd_emupage_lock);
                if (!wait_event_killable(mm_ctx->bd_emupage_queue,
                        !bitmap_full(mm_ctx->bd_emupage_allocmap,
                                     emupage_frame_count)))
                        goto retry;

                /* Received a fatal signal - just give in */
                return BD_EMUFRAME_NONE;
        }

        /* Success! */
        pr_debug("allocate emuframe %d to %d\n", idx, current->pid);
out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(&mm_ctx->bd_emupage_lock);
        return idx;
}

static void free_emuframe(int idx, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        mm_context_t *mm_ctx = &mm->context;

        spin_lock(&mm_ctx->bd_emupage_lock);

        pr_debug("free emuframe %d from %d\n", idx, current->pid);
        bitmap_clear(mm_ctx->bd_emupage_allocmap, idx, 1);

        /* If some thread is waiting for a frame, now's its chance */
        wake_up(&mm_ctx->bd_emupage_queue);

        spin_unlock(&mm_ctx->bd_emupage_lock);
}

static bool within_emuframe(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        unsigned long base = (unsigned long)dsemul_page();

        if (regs->cp0_epc < base)
                return false;
        if (regs->cp0_epc >= (base + PAGE_SIZE))
                return false;

        return true;
}

bool dsemul_thread_cleanup(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
        int fr_idx;

        /* Clear any allocated frame, retrieving its index */
        fr_idx = atomic_xchg(&tsk->thread.bd_emu_frame, BD_EMUFRAME_NONE);

        /* If no frame was allocated, we're done */
        if (fr_idx == BD_EMUFRAME_NONE)
                return false;

        task_lock(tsk);

        /* Free the frame that this thread had allocated */
        if (tsk->mm)
                free_emuframe(fr_idx, tsk->mm);

        task_unlock(tsk);
        return true;
}

bool dsemul_thread_rollback(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct emuframe __user *fr;
        int fr_idx;

        /* Do nothing if we're not executing from a frame */
        if (!within_emuframe(regs))
                return false;

        /* Find the frame being executed */
        fr_idx = atomic_read(&current->thread.bd_emu_frame);
        if (fr_idx == BD_EMUFRAME_NONE)
                return false;
        fr = &dsemul_page()[fr_idx];

        /*
         * If the PC is at the emul instruction, roll back to the branch. If
         * PC is at the badinst (break) instruction, we've already emulated the
         * instruction so progress to the continue PC. If it's anything else
         * then something is amiss & the user has branched into some other area
         * of the emupage - we'll free the allocated frame anyway.
         */
        if (msk_isa16_mode(regs->cp0_epc) == (unsigned long)&fr->emul)
                regs->cp0_epc = current->thread.bd_emu_branch_pc;
        else if (msk_isa16_mode(regs->cp0_epc) == (unsigned long)&fr->badinst)
                regs->cp0_epc = current->thread.bd_emu_cont_pc;

        atomic_set(&current->thread.bd_emu_frame, BD_EMUFRAME_NONE);
        free_emuframe(fr_idx, current->mm);
        return true;
}

void dsemul_mm_cleanup(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        mm_context_t *mm_ctx = &mm->context;

        kfree(mm_ctx->bd_emupage_allocmap);
}

int mips_dsemul(struct pt_regs *regs, mips_instruction ir,
                unsigned long branch_pc, unsigned long cont_pc)
{
        int isa16 = get_isa16_mode(regs->cp0_epc);
        mips_instruction break_math;
        unsigned long fr_uaddr;
        struct emuframe fr;
        int fr_idx, ret;

        /* NOP is easy */
        if (ir == 0)
                return -1;

        /* microMIPS instructions */
        if (isa16) {
                union mips_instruction insn = { .word = ir };

                /* NOP16 aka MOVE16 $0, $0 */
                if ((ir >> 16) == MM_NOP16)
                        return -1;

                /* ADDIUPC */
                if (insn.mm_a_format.opcode == mm_addiupc_op) {
                        unsigned int rs;
                        s32 v;

                        rs = (((insn.mm_a_format.rs + 0xe) & 0xf) + 2);
                        v = regs->cp0_epc & ~3;
                        v += insn.mm_a_format.simmediate << 2;
                        regs->regs[rs] = (long)v;
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        pr_debug("dsemul 0x%08lx cont at 0x%08lx\n", regs->cp0_epc, cont_pc);

        /* Allocate a frame if we don't already have one */
        fr_idx = atomic_read(&current->thread.bd_emu_frame);
        if (fr_idx == BD_EMUFRAME_NONE)
                fr_idx = alloc_emuframe();
        if (fr_idx == BD_EMUFRAME_NONE)
                return SIGBUS;

        /* Retrieve the appropriately encoded break instruction */
        break_math = BREAK_MATH(isa16);

        /* Write the instructions to the frame */
        if (isa16) {
                union mips_instruction _emul = {
                        .halfword = { ir >> 16, ir }
                };
                union mips_instruction _badinst = {
                        .halfword = { break_math >> 16, break_math }
                };

                fr.emul = _emul.word;
                fr.badinst = _badinst.word;
        } else {
                fr.emul = ir;
                fr.badinst = break_math;
        }

        /* Write the frame to user memory */
        fr_uaddr = (unsigned long)&dsemul_page()[fr_idx];
        ret = access_process_vm(current, fr_uaddr, &fr, sizeof(fr),
                                FOLL_FORCE | FOLL_WRITE);
        if (unlikely(ret != sizeof(fr))) {
                MIPS_FPU_EMU_INC_STATS(errors);
                free_emuframe(fr_idx, current->mm);
                return SIGBUS;
        }

        /* Record the PC of the branch, PC to continue from & frame index */
        current->thread.bd_emu_branch_pc = branch_pc;
        current->thread.bd_emu_cont_pc = cont_pc;
        atomic_set(&current->thread.bd_emu_frame, fr_idx);

        /* Change user register context to execute the frame */
        regs->cp0_epc = fr_uaddr | isa16;

        return 0;
}

bool do_dsemulret(struct pt_regs *xcp)
{
        /* Cleanup the allocated frame, returning if there wasn't one */
        if (!dsemul_thread_cleanup(current)) {
                MIPS_FPU_EMU_INC_STATS(errors);
                return false;
        }

        /* Set EPC to return to post-branch instruction */
        xcp->cp0_epc = current->thread.bd_emu_cont_pc;
        pr_debug("dsemulret to 0x%08lx\n", xcp->cp0_epc);
        MIPS_FPU_EMU_INC_STATS(ds_emul);
        return true;
}