// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 *  Kernel Probes (KProbes)
 *
 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
 *
 * 2002-Oct     Created by Vamsi Krishna S <vamsi_krishna@in.ibm.com> Kernel
 *              Probes initial implementation ( includes contributions from
 *              Rusty Russell).
 * 2004-July    Suparna Bhattacharya <suparna@in.ibm.com> added jumper probes
 *              interface to access function arguments.
 * 2004-Oct     Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> and Prasanna S Panchamukhi
 *              <prasanna@in.ibm.com> adapted for x86_64 from i386.
 * 2005-Mar     Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
 *              Fixed to handle %rip-relative addressing mode correctly.
 * 2005-May     Hien Nguyen <hien@us.ibm.com>, Jim Keniston
 *              <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> and Prasanna S Panchamukhi
 *              <prasanna@in.ibm.com> added function-return probes.
 * 2005-May     Rusty Lynch <rusty.lynch@intel.com>
 *              Added function return probes functionality
 * 2006-Feb     Masami Hiramatsu <hiramatu@sdl.hitachi.co.jp> added
 *              kprobe-booster and kretprobe-booster for i386.
 * 2007-Dec     Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> added kprobe-booster
 *              and kretprobe-booster for x86-64
 * 2007-Dec     Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>, Arjan van de Ven
 *              <arjan@infradead.org> and Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com>
 *              unified x86 kprobes code.
 */
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/preempt.h>
#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/extable.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>
#include <linux/moduleloader.h>
#include <linux/objtool.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/pgtable.h>

#include <asm/text-patching.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/desc.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/alternative.h>
#include <asm/insn.h>
#include <asm/debugreg.h>
#include <asm/set_memory.h>

#include "common.h"

DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);

#define stack_addr(regs) ((unsigned long *)regs->sp)

#define W(row, b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, ba, bb, bc, bd, be, bf)\
        (((b0##UL << 0x0)|(b1##UL << 0x1)|(b2##UL << 0x2)|(b3##UL << 0x3) |   \
          (b4##UL << 0x4)|(b5##UL << 0x5)|(b6##UL << 0x6)|(b7##UL << 0x7) |   \
          (b8##UL << 0x8)|(b9##UL << 0x9)|(ba##UL << 0xa)|(bb##UL << 0xb) |   \
          (bc##UL << 0xc)|(bd##UL << 0xd)|(be##UL << 0xe)|(bf##UL << 0xf))    \
         << (row % 32))
        /*
         * Undefined/reserved opcodes, conditional jump, Opcode Extension
         * Groups, and some special opcodes can not boost.
         * This is non-const and volatile to keep gcc from statically
         * optimizing it out, as variable_test_bit makes gcc think only
         * *(unsigned long*) is used.
         */
static volatile u32 twobyte_is_boostable[256 / 32] = {
        /*      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f          */
        /*      ----------------------------------------------          */
        W(0x00, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) | /* 00 */
        W(0x10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1) , /* 10 */
        W(0x20, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) | /* 20 */
        W(0x30, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) , /* 30 */
        W(0x40, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1) | /* 40 */
        W(0x50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) , /* 50 */
        W(0x60, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1) | /* 60 */
        W(0x70, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1) , /* 70 */
        W(0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) | /* 80 */
        W(0x90, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1) , /* 90 */
        W(0xa0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1) | /* a0 */
        W(0xb0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1) , /* b0 */
        W(0xc0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1) | /* c0 */
        W(0xd0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1) , /* d0 */
        W(0xe0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1) | /* e0 */
        W(0xf0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0)   /* f0 */
        /*      -----------------------------------------------         */
        /*      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f          */
};
#undef W

struct kretprobe_blackpoint kretprobe_blacklist[] = {
        {"__switch_to", }, /* This function switches only current task, but
                              doesn't switch kernel stack.*/
        {NULL, NULL}    /* Terminator */
};

const int kretprobe_blacklist_size = ARRAY_SIZE(kretprobe_blacklist);

static nokprobe_inline void
__synthesize_relative_insn(void *dest, void *from, void *to, u8 op)
{
        struct __arch_relative_insn {
                u8 op;
                s32 raddr;
        } __packed *insn;

        insn = (struct __arch_relative_insn *)dest;
        insn->raddr = (s32)((long)(to) - ((long)(from) + 5));
        insn->op = op;
}

/* Insert a jump instruction at address 'from', which jumps to address 'to'.*/
void synthesize_reljump(void *dest, void *from, void *to)
{
        __synthesize_relative_insn(dest, from, to, JMP32_INSN_OPCODE);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(synthesize_reljump);

/* Insert a call instruction at address 'from', which calls address 'to'.*/
void synthesize_relcall(void *dest, void *from, void *to)
{
        __synthesize_relative_insn(dest, from, to, CALL_INSN_OPCODE);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(synthesize_relcall);

/*
 * Returns non-zero if INSN is boostable.
 * RIP relative instructions are adjusted at copying time in 64 bits mode
 */
int can_boost(struct insn *insn, void *addr)
{
        kprobe_opcode_t opcode;
        insn_byte_t prefix;
        int i;

        if (search_exception_tables((unsigned long)addr))
                return 0;       /* Page fault may occur on this address. */

        /* 2nd-byte opcode */
        if (insn->opcode.nbytes == 2)
                return test_bit(insn->opcode.bytes[1],
                                (unsigned long *)twobyte_is_boostable);

        if (insn->opcode.nbytes != 1)
                return 0;

        for_each_insn_prefix(insn, i, prefix) {
                insn_attr_t attr;

                attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(prefix);
                /* Can't boost Address-size override prefix and CS override prefix */
                if (prefix == 0x2e || inat_is_address_size_prefix(attr))
                        return 0;
        }

        opcode = insn->opcode.bytes[0];

        switch (opcode) {
        case 0x62:              /* bound */
        case 0x70 ... 0x7f:     /* Conditional jumps */
        case 0x9a:              /* Call far */
        case 0xc0 ... 0xc1:     /* Grp2 */
        case 0xcc ... 0xce:     /* software exceptions */
        case 0xd0 ... 0xd3:     /* Grp2 */
        case 0xd6:              /* (UD) */
        case 0xd8 ... 0xdf:     /* ESC */
        case 0xe0 ... 0xe3:     /* LOOP*, JCXZ */
        case 0xe8 ... 0xe9:     /* near Call, JMP */
        case 0xeb:              /* Short JMP */
        case 0xf0 ... 0xf4:     /* LOCK/REP, HLT */
        case 0xf6 ... 0xf7:     /* Grp3 */
        case 0xfe:              /* Grp4 */
                /* ... are not boostable */
                return 0;
        case 0xff:              /* Grp5 */
                /* Only indirect jmp is boostable */
                return X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 4;
        default:
                return 1;
        }
}

static unsigned long
__recover_probed_insn(kprobe_opcode_t *buf, unsigned long addr)
{
        struct kprobe *kp;
        unsigned long faddr;

        kp = get_kprobe((void *)addr);
        faddr = ftrace_location(addr);
        /*
         * Addresses inside the ftrace location are refused by
         * arch_check_ftrace_location(). Something went terribly wrong
         * if such an address is checked here.
         */
        if (WARN_ON(faddr && faddr != addr))
                return 0UL;
        /*
         * Use the current code if it is not modified by Kprobe
         * and it cannot be modified by ftrace.
         */
        if (!kp && !faddr)
                return addr;

        /*
         * Basically, kp->ainsn.insn has an original instruction.
         * However, RIP-relative instruction can not do single-stepping
         * at different place, __copy_instruction() tweaks the displacement of
         * that instruction. In that case, we can't recover the instruction
         * from the kp->ainsn.insn.
         *
         * On the other hand, in case on normal Kprobe, kp->opcode has a copy
         * of the first byte of the probed instruction, which is overwritten
         * by int3. And the instruction at kp->addr is not modified by kprobes
         * except for the first byte, we can recover the original instruction
         * from it and kp->opcode.
         *
         * In case of Kprobes using ftrace, we do not have a copy of
         * the original instruction. In fact, the ftrace location might
         * be modified at anytime and even could be in an inconsistent state.
         * Fortunately, we know that the original code is the ideal 5-byte
         * long NOP.
         */
        if (copy_from_kernel_nofault(buf, (void *)addr,
                MAX_INSN_SIZE * sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t)))
                return 0UL;

        if (faddr)
                memcpy(buf, x86_nops[5], 5);
        else
                buf[0] = kp->opcode;
        return (unsigned long)buf;
}

/*
 * Recover the probed instruction at addr for further analysis.
 * Caller must lock kprobes by kprobe_mutex, or disable preemption
 * for preventing to release referencing kprobes.
 * Returns zero if the instruction can not get recovered (or access failed).
 */
unsigned long recover_probed_instruction(kprobe_opcode_t *buf, unsigned long addr)
{
        unsigned long __addr;

        __addr = __recover_optprobed_insn(buf, addr);
        if (__addr != addr)
                return __addr;

        return __recover_probed_insn(buf, addr);
}

/* Check if paddr is at an instruction boundary */
static int can_probe(unsigned long paddr)
{
        unsigned long addr, __addr, offset = 0;
        struct insn insn;
        kprobe_opcode_t buf[MAX_INSN_SIZE];

        if (!kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(paddr, NULL, &offset))
                return 0;

        /* Decode instructions */
        addr = paddr - offset;
        while (addr < paddr) {
                int ret;

                /*
                 * Check if the instruction has been modified by another
                 * kprobe, in which case we replace the breakpoint by the
                 * original instruction in our buffer.
                 * Also, jump optimization will change the breakpoint to
                 * relative-jump. Since the relative-jump itself is
                 * normally used, we just go through if there is no kprobe.
                 */
                __addr = recover_probed_instruction(buf, addr);
                if (!__addr)
                        return 0;

                ret = insn_decode_kernel(&insn, (void *)__addr);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return 0;

                /*
                 * Another debugging subsystem might insert this breakpoint.
                 * In that case, we can't recover it.
                 */
                if (insn.opcode.bytes[0] == INT3_INSN_OPCODE)
                        return 0;
                addr += insn.length;
        }

        return (addr == paddr);
}

/*
 * Copy an instruction with recovering modified instruction by kprobes
 * and adjust the displacement if the instruction uses the %rip-relative
 * addressing mode. Note that since @real will be the final place of copied
 * instruction, displacement must be adjust by @real, not @dest.
 * This returns the length of copied instruction, or 0 if it has an error.
 */
int __copy_instruction(u8 *dest, u8 *src, u8 *real, struct insn *insn)
{
        kprobe_opcode_t buf[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
        unsigned long recovered_insn = recover_probed_instruction(buf, (unsigned long)src);
        int ret;

        if (!recovered_insn || !insn)
                return 0;

        /* This can access kernel text if given address is not recovered */
        if (copy_from_kernel_nofault(dest, (void *)recovered_insn,
                        MAX_INSN_SIZE))
                return 0;

        ret = insn_decode_kernel(insn, dest);
        if (ret < 0)
                return 0;

        /* We can not probe force emulate prefixed instruction */
        if (insn_has_emulate_prefix(insn))
                return 0;

        /* Another subsystem puts a breakpoint, failed to recover */
        if (insn->opcode.bytes[0] == INT3_INSN_OPCODE)
                return 0;

        /* We should not singlestep on the exception masking instructions */
        if (insn_masking_exception(insn))
                return 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        /* Only x86_64 has RIP relative instructions */
        if (insn_rip_relative(insn)) {
                s64 newdisp;
                u8 *disp;
                /*
                 * The copied instruction uses the %rip-relative addressing
                 * mode.  Adjust the displacement for the difference between
                 * the original location of this instruction and the location
                 * of the copy that will actually be run.  The tricky bit here
                 * is making sure that the sign extension happens correctly in
                 * this calculation, since we need a signed 32-bit result to
                 * be sign-extended to 64 bits when it's added to the %rip
                 * value and yield the same 64-bit result that the sign-
                 * extension of the original signed 32-bit displacement would
                 * have given.
                 */
                newdisp = (u8 *) src + (s64) insn->displacement.value
                          - (u8 *) real;
                if ((s64) (s32) newdisp != newdisp) {
                        pr_err("Kprobes error: new displacement does not fit into s32 (%llx)\n", newdisp);
                        return 0;
                }
                disp = (u8 *) dest + insn_offset_displacement(insn);
                *(s32 *) disp = (s32) newdisp;
        }
#endif
        return insn->length;
}

/* Prepare reljump or int3 right after instruction */
static int prepare_singlestep(kprobe_opcode_t *buf, struct kprobe *p,
                              struct insn *insn)
{
        int len = insn->length;

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) &&
            !p->post_handler && can_boost(insn, p->addr) &&
            MAX_INSN_SIZE - len >= JMP32_INSN_SIZE) {
                /*
                 * These instructions can be executed directly if it
                 * jumps back to correct address.
                 */
                synthesize_reljump(buf + len, p->ainsn.insn + len,
                                   p->addr + insn->length);
                len += JMP32_INSN_SIZE;
                p->ainsn.boostable = 1;
        } else {
                /* Otherwise, put an int3 for trapping singlestep */
                if (MAX_INSN_SIZE - len < INT3_INSN_SIZE)
                        return -ENOSPC;

                buf[len] = INT3_INSN_OPCODE;
                len += INT3_INSN_SIZE;
        }

        return len;
}

/* Make page to RO mode when allocate it */
void *alloc_insn_page(void)
{
        void *page;

        page = module_alloc(PAGE_SIZE);
        if (!page)
                return NULL;

        set_vm_flush_reset_perms(page);
        /*
         * First make the page read-only, and only then make it executable to
         * prevent it from being W+X in between.
         */
        set_memory_ro((unsigned long)page, 1);

        /*
         * TODO: Once additional kernel code protection mechanisms are set, ensure
         * that the page was not maliciously altered and it is still zeroed.
         */
        set_memory_x((unsigned long)page, 1);

        return page;
}

/* Kprobe x86 instruction emulation - only regs->ip or IF flag modifiers */

static void kprobe_emulate_ifmodifiers(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        switch (p->ainsn.opcode) {
        case 0xfa:      /* cli */
                regs->flags &= ~(X86_EFLAGS_IF);
                break;
        case 0xfb:      /* sti */
                regs->flags |= X86_EFLAGS_IF;
                break;
        case 0x9c:      /* pushf */
                int3_emulate_push(regs, regs->flags);
                break;
        case 0x9d:      /* popf */
                regs->flags = int3_emulate_pop(regs);
                break;
        }
        regs->ip = regs->ip - INT3_INSN_SIZE + p->ainsn.size;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_ifmodifiers);

static void kprobe_emulate_ret(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        int3_emulate_ret(regs);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_ret);

static void kprobe_emulate_call(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        unsigned long func = regs->ip - INT3_INSN_SIZE + p->ainsn.size;

        func += p->ainsn.rel32;
        int3_emulate_call(regs, func);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_call);

static nokprobe_inline
void __kprobe_emulate_jmp(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs, bool cond)
{
        unsigned long ip = regs->ip - INT3_INSN_SIZE + p->ainsn.size;

        if (cond)
                ip += p->ainsn.rel32;
        int3_emulate_jmp(regs, ip);
}

static void kprobe_emulate_jmp(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        __kprobe_emulate_jmp(p, regs, true);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_jmp);

static const unsigned long jcc_mask[6] = {
        [0] = X86_EFLAGS_OF,
        [1] = X86_EFLAGS_CF,
        [2] = X86_EFLAGS_ZF,
        [3] = X86_EFLAGS_CF | X86_EFLAGS_ZF,
        [4] = X86_EFLAGS_SF,
        [5] = X86_EFLAGS_PF,
};

static void kprobe_emulate_jcc(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        bool invert = p->ainsn.jcc.type & 1;
        bool match;

        if (p->ainsn.jcc.type < 0xc) {
                match = regs->flags & jcc_mask[p->ainsn.jcc.type >> 1];
        } else {
                match = ((regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_SF) >> X86_EFLAGS_SF_BIT) ^
                        ((regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_OF) >> X86_EFLAGS_OF_BIT);
                if (p->ainsn.jcc.type >= 0xe)
                        match = match && (regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_ZF);
        }
        __kprobe_emulate_jmp(p, regs, (match && !invert) || (!match && invert));
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_jcc);

static void kprobe_emulate_loop(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        bool match;

        if (p->ainsn.loop.type != 3) {  /* LOOP* */
                if (p->ainsn.loop.asize == 32)
                        match = ((*(u32 *)&regs->cx)--) != 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
                else if (p->ainsn.loop.asize == 64)
                        match = ((*(u64 *)&regs->cx)--) != 0;
#endif
                else
                        match = ((*(u16 *)&regs->cx)--) != 0;
        } else {                        /* JCXZ */
                if (p->ainsn.loop.asize == 32)
                        match = *(u32 *)(&regs->cx) == 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
                else if (p->ainsn.loop.asize == 64)
                        match = *(u64 *)(&regs->cx) == 0;
#endif
                else
                        match = *(u16 *)(&regs->cx) == 0;
        }

        if (p->ainsn.loop.type == 0)    /* LOOPNE */
                match = match && !(regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_ZF);
        else if (p->ainsn.loop.type == 1)       /* LOOPE */
                match = match && (regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_ZF);

        __kprobe_emulate_jmp(p, regs, match);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_loop);

static const int addrmode_regoffs[] = {
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, ax),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, cx),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, dx),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, bx),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, sp),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, bp),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, si),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, di),
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r8),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r9),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r10),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r11),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r12),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r13),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r14),
        offsetof(struct pt_regs, r15),
#endif
};

static void kprobe_emulate_call_indirect(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        unsigned long offs = addrmode_regoffs[p->ainsn.indirect.reg];

        int3_emulate_call(regs, regs_get_register(regs, offs));
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_call_indirect);

static void kprobe_emulate_jmp_indirect(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        unsigned long offs = addrmode_regoffs[p->ainsn.indirect.reg];

        int3_emulate_jmp(regs, regs_get_register(regs, offs));
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_emulate_jmp_indirect);

static int prepare_emulation(struct kprobe *p, struct insn *insn)
{
        insn_byte_t opcode = insn->opcode.bytes[0];

        switch (opcode) {
        case 0xfa:              /* cli */
        case 0xfb:              /* sti */
        case 0x9c:              /* pushfl */
        case 0x9d:              /* popf/popfd */
                /*
                 * IF modifiers must be emulated since it will enable interrupt while
                 * int3 single stepping.
                 */
                p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_ifmodifiers;
                p->ainsn.opcode = opcode;
                break;
        case 0xc2:      /* ret/lret */
        case 0xc3:
        case 0xca:
        case 0xcb:
                p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_ret;
                break;
        case 0x9a:      /* far call absolute -- segment is not supported */
        case 0xea:      /* far jmp absolute -- segment is not supported */
        case 0xcc:      /* int3 */
        case 0xcf:      /* iret -- in-kernel IRET is not supported */
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                break;
        case 0xe8:      /* near call relative */
                p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_call;
                if (insn->immediate.nbytes == 2)
                        p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s16 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                else
                        p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s32 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                break;
        case 0xeb:      /* short jump relative */
        case 0xe9:      /* near jump relative */
                p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_jmp;
                if (insn->immediate.nbytes == 1)
                        p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s8 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                else if (insn->immediate.nbytes == 2)
                        p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s16 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                else
                        p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s32 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                break;
        case 0x70 ... 0x7f:
                /* 1 byte conditional jump */
                p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_jcc;
                p->ainsn.jcc.type = opcode & 0xf;
                p->ainsn.rel32 = *(char *)insn->immediate.bytes;
                break;
        case 0x0f:
                opcode = insn->opcode.bytes[1];
                if ((opcode & 0xf0) == 0x80) {
                        /* 2 bytes Conditional Jump */
                        p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_jcc;
                        p->ainsn.jcc.type = opcode & 0xf;
                        if (insn->immediate.nbytes == 2)
                                p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s16 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                        else
                                p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s32 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                } else if (opcode == 0x01 &&
                           X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 0 &&
                           X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 3) {
                        /* VM extensions - not supported */
                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                }
                break;
        case 0xe0:      /* Loop NZ */
        case 0xe1:      /* Loop */
        case 0xe2:      /* Loop */
        case 0xe3:      /* J*CXZ */
                p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_loop;
                p->ainsn.loop.type = opcode & 0x3;
                p->ainsn.loop.asize = insn->addr_bytes * 8;
                p->ainsn.rel32 = *(s8 *)&insn->immediate.value;
                break;
        case 0xff:
                /*
                 * Since the 0xff is an extended group opcode, the instruction
                 * is determined by the MOD/RM byte.
                 */
                opcode = insn->modrm.bytes[0];
                if ((opcode & 0x30) == 0x10) {
                        if ((opcode & 0x8) == 0x8)
                                return -EOPNOTSUPP;     /* far call */
                        /* call absolute, indirect */
                        p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_call_indirect;
                } else if ((opcode & 0x30) == 0x20) {
                        if ((opcode & 0x8) == 0x8)
                                return -EOPNOTSUPP;     /* far jmp */
                        /* jmp near absolute indirect */
                        p->ainsn.emulate_op = kprobe_emulate_jmp_indirect;
                } else
                        break;

                if (insn->addr_bytes != sizeof(unsigned long))
                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;     /* Don't support different size */
                if (X86_MODRM_MOD(opcode) != 3)
                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;     /* TODO: support memory addressing */

                p->ainsn.indirect.reg = X86_MODRM_RM(opcode);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
                if (X86_REX_B(insn->rex_prefix.value))
                        p->ainsn.indirect.reg += 8;
#endif
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
        p->ainsn.size = insn->length;

        return 0;
}

static int arch_copy_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
        struct insn insn;
        kprobe_opcode_t buf[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
        int ret, len;

        /* Copy an instruction with recovering if other optprobe modifies it.*/
        len = __copy_instruction(buf, p->addr, p->ainsn.insn, &insn);
        if (!len)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* Analyze the opcode and setup emulate functions */
        ret = prepare_emulation(p, &insn);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        /* Add int3 for single-step or booster jmp */
        len = prepare_singlestep(buf, p, &insn);
        if (len < 0)
                return len;

        /* Also, displacement change doesn't affect the first byte */
        p->opcode = buf[0];

        p->ainsn.tp_len = len;
        perf_event_text_poke(p->ainsn.insn, NULL, 0, buf, len);

        /* OK, write back the instruction(s) into ROX insn buffer */
        text_poke(p->ainsn.insn, buf, len);

        return 0;
}

int arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
        int ret;

        if (alternatives_text_reserved(p->addr, p->addr))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!can_probe((unsigned long)p->addr))
                return -EILSEQ;

        memset(&p->ainsn, 0, sizeof(p->ainsn));

        /* insn: must be on special executable page on x86. */
        p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot();
        if (!p->ainsn.insn)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ret = arch_copy_kprobe(p);
        if (ret) {
                free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, 0);
                p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
        }

        return ret;
}

void arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
        u8 int3 = INT3_INSN_OPCODE;

        text_poke(p->addr, &int3, 1);
        text_poke_sync();
        perf_event_text_poke(p->addr, &p->opcode, 1, &int3, 1);
}

void arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
        u8 int3 = INT3_INSN_OPCODE;

        perf_event_text_poke(p->addr, &int3, 1, &p->opcode, 1);
        text_poke(p->addr, &p->opcode, 1);
        text_poke_sync();
}

void arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
        if (p->ainsn.insn) {
                /* Record the perf event before freeing the slot */
                perf_event_text_poke(p->ainsn.insn, p->ainsn.insn,
                                     p->ainsn.tp_len, NULL, 0);
                free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, p->ainsn.boostable);
                p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
        }
}

static nokprobe_inline void
save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
        kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
        kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
        kcb->prev_kprobe.old_flags = kcb->kprobe_old_flags;
        kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_flags = kcb->kprobe_saved_flags;
}

static nokprobe_inline void
restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
        __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, kcb->prev_kprobe.kp);
        kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
        kcb->kprobe_old_flags = kcb->prev_kprobe.old_flags;
        kcb->kprobe_saved_flags = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_flags;
}

static nokprobe_inline void
set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
                   struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
        __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p);
        kcb->kprobe_saved_flags = kcb->kprobe_old_flags
                = (regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_IF);
}

void arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        unsigned long *sara = stack_addr(regs);

        ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) *sara;
        ri->fp = sara;

        /* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
        *sara = (unsigned long) &kretprobe_trampoline;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_prepare_kretprobe);

static void kprobe_post_process(struct kprobe *cur, struct pt_regs *regs,
                               struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
        if ((kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER) && cur->post_handler) {
                kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
                cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0);
        }

        /* Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */
        if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER)
                restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
        else
                reset_current_kprobe();
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_post_process);

static void setup_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
                             struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb, int reenter)
{
        if (setup_detour_execution(p, regs, reenter))
                return;

#if !defined(CONFIG_PREEMPTION)
        if (p->ainsn.boostable) {
                /* Boost up -- we can execute copied instructions directly */
                if (!reenter)
                        reset_current_kprobe();
                /*
                 * Reentering boosted probe doesn't reset current_kprobe,
                 * nor set current_kprobe, because it doesn't use single
                 * stepping.
                 */
                regs->ip = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn;
                return;
        }
#endif
        if (reenter) {
                save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
                set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
                kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
        } else
                kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;

        if (p->ainsn.emulate_op) {
                p->ainsn.emulate_op(p, regs);
                kprobe_post_process(p, regs, kcb);
                return;
        }

        /* Disable interrupt, and set ip register on trampoline */
        regs->flags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_IF;
        regs->ip = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(setup_singlestep);

/*
 * Called after single-stepping.  p->addr is the address of the
 * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "int3"
 * instruction.  To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
 * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
 * single-stepped a copy of the instruction.  The address of this
 * copy is p->ainsn.insn. We also doesn't use trap, but "int3" again
 * right after the copied instruction.
 * Different from the trap single-step, "int3" single-step can not
 * handle the instruction which changes the ip register, e.g. jmp,
 * call, conditional jmp, and the instructions which changes the IF
 * flags because interrupt must be disabled around the single-stepping.
 * Such instructions are software emulated, but others are single-stepped
 * using "int3".
 *
 * When the 2nd "int3" handled, the regs->ip and regs->flags needs to
 * be adjusted, so that we can resume execution on correct code.
 */
static void resume_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
                              struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
        unsigned long copy_ip = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn;
        unsigned long orig_ip = (unsigned long)p->addr;

        /* Restore saved interrupt flag and ip register */
        regs->flags |= kcb->kprobe_saved_flags;
        /* Note that regs->ip is executed int3 so must be a step back */
        regs->ip += (orig_ip - copy_ip) - INT3_INSN_SIZE;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(resume_singlestep);

/*
 * We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since another probe was hit while
 * within the handler. We save the original kprobes variables and just single
 * step on the instruction of the new probe without calling any user handlers.
 */
static int reenter_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
                          struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
        switch (kcb->kprobe_status) {
        case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
        case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
        case KPROBE_HIT_SS:
                kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
                setup_singlestep(p, regs, kcb, 1);
                break;
        case KPROBE_REENTER:
                /* A probe has been hit in the codepath leading up to, or just
                 * after, single-stepping of a probed instruction. This entire
                 * codepath should strictly reside in .kprobes.text section.
                 * Raise a BUG or we'll continue in an endless reentering loop
                 * and eventually a stack overflow.
                 */
                pr_err("Unrecoverable kprobe detected.\n");
                dump_kprobe(p);
                BUG();
        default:
                /* impossible cases */
                WARN_ON(1);
                return 0;
        }

        return 1;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(reenter_kprobe);

static nokprobe_inline int kprobe_is_ss(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
        return (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS ||
                kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER);
}

/*
 * Interrupts are disabled on entry as trap3 is an interrupt gate and they
 * remain disabled throughout this function.
 */
int kprobe_int3_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        kprobe_opcode_t *addr;
        struct kprobe *p;
        struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;

        if (user_mode(regs))
                return 0;

        addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)(regs->ip - sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
        /*
         * We don't want to be preempted for the entire duration of kprobe
         * processing. Since int3 and debug trap disables irqs and we clear
         * IF while singlestepping, it must be no preemptible.
         */

        kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
        p = get_kprobe(addr);

        if (p) {
                if (kprobe_running()) {
                        if (reenter_kprobe(p, regs, kcb))
                                return 1;
                } else {
                        set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
                        kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;

                        /*
                         * If we have no pre-handler or it returned 0, we
                         * continue with normal processing.  If we have a
                         * pre-handler and it returned non-zero, that means
                         * user handler setup registers to exit to another
                         * instruction, we must skip the single stepping.
                         */
                        if (!p->pre_handler || !p->pre_handler(p, regs))
                                setup_singlestep(p, regs, kcb, 0);
                        else
                                reset_current_kprobe();
                        return 1;
                }
        } else if (kprobe_is_ss(kcb)) {
                p = kprobe_running();
                if ((unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn < regs->ip &&
                    (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn + MAX_INSN_SIZE > regs->ip) {
                        /* Most provably this is the second int3 for singlestep */
                        resume_singlestep(p, regs, kcb);
                        kprobe_post_process(p, regs, kcb);
                        return 1;
                }
        }

        if (*addr != INT3_INSN_OPCODE) {
                /*
                 * The breakpoint instruction was removed right

                 * after we hit it.  Another cpu has removed
                 * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint
                 * at this address.  In either case, no further
                 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate.
                 * Back up over the (now missing) int3 and run
                 * the original instruction.
                 */
                regs->ip = (unsigned long)addr;
                return 1;
        } /* else: not a kprobe fault; let the kernel handle it */

        return 0;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_int3_handler);

/*
 * When a retprobed function returns, this code saves registers and
 * calls trampoline_handler() runs, which calls the kretprobe's handler.
 */
asm(
        ".text\n"
        ".global kretprobe_trampoline\n"
        ".type kretprobe_trampoline, @function\n"
        "kretprobe_trampoline:\n"
        /* We don't bother saving the ss register */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        "       pushq %rsp\n"
        "       pushfq\n"
        SAVE_REGS_STRING
        "       movq %rsp, %rdi\n"
        "       call trampoline_handler\n"
        /* Replace saved sp with true return address. */
        "       movq %rax, 19*8(%rsp)\n"
        RESTORE_REGS_STRING
        "       popfq\n"
#else
        "       pushl %esp\n"
        "       pushfl\n"
        SAVE_REGS_STRING
        "       movl %esp, %eax\n"
        "       call trampoline_handler\n"
        /* Replace saved sp with true return address. */
        "       movl %eax, 15*4(%esp)\n"
        RESTORE_REGS_STRING
        "       popfl\n"
#endif
        "       ret\n"
        ".size kretprobe_trampoline, .-kretprobe_trampoline\n"
);
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kretprobe_trampoline);
STACK_FRAME_NON_STANDARD(kretprobe_trampoline);


/*
 * Called from kretprobe_trampoline
 */
__used __visible void *trampoline_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        /* fixup registers */
        regs->cs = __KERNEL_CS;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
        regs->gs = 0;
#endif
        regs->ip = (unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline;
        regs->orig_ax = ~0UL;

        return (void *)kretprobe_trampoline_handler(regs, &kretprobe_trampoline, &regs->sp);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(trampoline_handler);

int kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr)
{
        struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
        struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();

        if (unlikely(regs->ip == (unsigned long)cur->ainsn.insn)) {
                /* This must happen on single-stepping */
                WARN_ON(kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_HIT_SS &&
                        kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER);
                /*
                 * We are here because the instruction being single
                 * stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current
                 * kprobe and the ip points back to the probe address
                 * and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
                 * normal page fault.
                 */
                regs->ip = (unsigned long)cur->addr;

                /*
                 * If the IF flag was set before the kprobe hit,
                 * don't touch it:
                 */
                regs->flags |= kcb->kprobe_old_flags;

                if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER)
                        restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
                else
                        reset_current_kprobe();
        }

        return 0;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_fault_handler);

int __init arch_populate_kprobe_blacklist(void)
{
        return kprobe_add_area_blacklist((unsigned long)__entry_text_start,
                                         (unsigned long)__entry_text_end);
}

int __init arch_init_kprobes(void)
{
        return 0;
}

int arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
        return 0;
}