// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2001 Momchil Velikov
 * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Christoph Hellwig
 * Copyright (C) 2005 SGI, Christoph Lameter
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Nick Piggin
 * Copyright (C) 2012 Konstantin Khlebnikov
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Intel, Matthew Wilcox
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Intel, Ross Zwisler
 */

#include <linux/bitmap.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/preempt.h>              /* in_interrupt() */
#include <linux/radix-tree.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/xarray.h>

/*
 * Radix tree node cache.
 */
struct kmem_cache *radix_tree_node_cachep;

/*
 * The radix tree is variable-height, so an insert operation not only has
 * to build the branch to its corresponding item, it also has to build the
 * branch to existing items if the size has to be increased (by
 * radix_tree_extend).
 *
 * The worst case is a zero height tree with just a single item at index 0,
 * and then inserting an item at index ULONG_MAX. This requires 2 new branches
 * of RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH size to be created, with only the root node shared.
 * Hence:
 */
#define RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE (RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)

/*
 * The IDR does not have to be as high as the radix tree since it uses
 * signed integers, not unsigned longs.
 */
#define IDR_INDEX_BITS          (8 /* CHAR_BIT */ * sizeof(int) - 1)
#define IDR_MAX_PATH            (DIV_ROUND_UP(IDR_INDEX_BITS, \
                                                RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
#define IDR_PRELOAD_SIZE        (IDR_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)

/*
 * Per-cpu pool of preloaded nodes
 */
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct radix_tree_preload, radix_tree_preloads) = {
        .lock = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(lock),
};
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(radix_tree_preloads);

static inline struct radix_tree_node *entry_to_node(void *ptr)
{
        return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr & ~RADIX_TREE_INTERNAL_NODE);
}

static inline void *node_to_entry(void *ptr)
{
        return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr | RADIX_TREE_INTERNAL_NODE);
}

#define RADIX_TREE_RETRY        XA_RETRY_ENTRY

static inline unsigned long
get_slot_offset(const struct radix_tree_node *parent, void __rcu **slot)
{
        return parent ? slot - parent->slots : 0;
}

static unsigned int radix_tree_descend(const struct radix_tree_node *parent,
                        struct radix_tree_node **nodep, unsigned long index)
{
        unsigned int offset = (index >> parent->shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
        void __rcu **entry = rcu_dereference_raw(parent->slots[offset]);

        *nodep = (void *)entry;
        return offset;
}

static inline gfp_t root_gfp_mask(const struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
        return root->xa_flags & (__GFP_BITS_MASK & ~GFP_ZONEMASK);
}

static inline void tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
                int offset)
{
        __set_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
}

static inline void tag_clear(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
                int offset)
{
        __clear_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
}

static inline int tag_get(const struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
                int offset)
{
        return test_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
}

static inline void root_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned tag)
{
        root->xa_flags |= (__force gfp_t)(1 << (tag + ROOT_TAG_SHIFT));
}

static inline void root_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned tag)
{
        root->xa_flags &= (__force gfp_t)~(1 << (tag + ROOT_TAG_SHIFT));
}

static inline void root_tag_clear_all(struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
        root->xa_flags &= (__force gfp_t)((1 << ROOT_TAG_SHIFT) - 1);
}

static inline int root_tag_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned tag)
{
        return (__force int)root->xa_flags & (1 << (tag + ROOT_TAG_SHIFT));
}

static inline unsigned root_tags_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
        return (__force unsigned)root->xa_flags >> ROOT_TAG_SHIFT;
}

static inline bool is_idr(const struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
        return !!(root->xa_flags & ROOT_IS_IDR);
}

/*
 * Returns 1 if any slot in the node has this tag set.
 * Otherwise returns 0.
 */
static inline int any_tag_set(const struct radix_tree_node *node,
                                                        unsigned int tag)
{
        unsigned idx;
        for (idx = 0; idx < RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS; idx++) {
                if (node->tags[tag][idx])
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

static inline void all_tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag)
{
        bitmap_fill(node->tags[tag], RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE);
}

/**
 * radix_tree_find_next_bit - find the next set bit in a memory region
 *
 * @node: where to begin the search
 * @tag: the tag index
 * @offset: the bitnumber to start searching at
 *
 * Unrollable variant of find_next_bit() for constant size arrays.
 * Tail bits starting from size to roundup(size, BITS_PER_LONG) must be zero.
 * Returns next bit offset, or size if nothing found.
 */
static __always_inline unsigned long
radix_tree_find_next_bit(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
                         unsigned long offset)
{
        const unsigned long *addr = node->tags[tag];

        if (offset < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
                unsigned long tmp;

                addr += offset / BITS_PER_LONG;
                tmp = *addr >> (offset % BITS_PER_LONG);
                if (tmp)
                        return __ffs(tmp) + offset;
                offset = (offset + BITS_PER_LONG) & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
                while (offset < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
                        tmp = *++addr;
                        if (tmp)
                                return __ffs(tmp) + offset;
                        offset += BITS_PER_LONG;
                }
        }
        return RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE;
}

static unsigned int iter_offset(const struct radix_tree_iter *iter)
{
        return iter->index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
}

/*
 * The maximum index which can be stored in a radix tree
 */
static inline unsigned long shift_maxindex(unsigned int shift)
{
        return (RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE << shift) - 1;
}

static inline unsigned long node_maxindex(const struct radix_tree_node *node)
{
        return shift_maxindex(node->shift);
}

static unsigned long next_index(unsigned long index,
                                const struct radix_tree_node *node,
                                unsigned long offset)
{
        return (index & ~node_maxindex(node)) + (offset << node->shift);
}

/*
 * This assumes that the caller has performed appropriate preallocation, and
 * that the caller has pinned this thread of control to the current CPU.
 */
static struct radix_tree_node *
radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, struct radix_tree_node *parent,
                        struct radix_tree_root *root,
                        unsigned int shift, unsigned int offset,
                        unsigned int count, unsigned int nr_values)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *ret = NULL;

        /*
         * Preload code isn't irq safe and it doesn't make sense to use
         * preloading during an interrupt anyway as all the allocations have
         * to be atomic. So just do normal allocation when in interrupt.
         */
        if (!gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask) && !in_interrupt()) {
                struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;

                /*
                 * Even if the caller has preloaded, try to allocate from the
                 * cache first for the new node to get accounted to the memory
                 * cgroup.
                 */
                ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep,
                                       gfp_mask | __GFP_NOWARN);
                if (ret)
                        goto out;

                /*
                 * Provided the caller has preloaded here, we will always
                 * succeed in getting a node here (and never reach
                 * kmem_cache_alloc)
                 */
                rtp = this_cpu_ptr(&radix_tree_preloads);
                if (rtp->nr) {
                        ret = rtp->nodes;
                        rtp->nodes = ret->parent;
                        rtp->nr--;
                }
                /*
                 * Update the allocation stack trace as this is more useful
                 * for debugging.
                 */
                kmemleak_update_trace(ret);
                goto out;
        }
        ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
out:
        BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_internal_node(ret));
        if (ret) {
                ret->shift = shift;
                ret->offset = offset;
                ret->count = count;
                ret->nr_values = nr_values;
                ret->parent = parent;
                ret->array = root;
        }
        return ret;
}

void radix_tree_node_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node =
                        container_of(head, struct radix_tree_node, rcu_head);

        /*
         * Must only free zeroed nodes into the slab.  We can be left with
         * non-NULL entries by radix_tree_free_nodes, so clear the entries
         * and tags here.
         */
        memset(node->slots, 0, sizeof(node->slots));
        memset(node->tags, 0, sizeof(node->tags));
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->private_list);

        kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
}

static inline void
radix_tree_node_free(struct radix_tree_node *node)
{
        call_rcu(&node->rcu_head, radix_tree_node_rcu_free);
}

/*
 * Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
 * ensure that the addition of a single element in the tree cannot fail.  On
 * success, return zero, with preemption disabled.  On error, return -ENOMEM
 * with preemption not disabled.
 *
 * To make use of this facility, the radix tree must be initialised without
 * __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM being passed to INIT_RADIX_TREE().
 */
static __must_check int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned nr)
{
        struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
        struct radix_tree_node *node;
        int ret = -ENOMEM;

        /*
         * Nodes preloaded by one cgroup can be used by another cgroup, so
         * they should never be accounted to any particular memory cgroup.
         */
        gfp_mask &= ~__GFP_ACCOUNT;

        local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
        rtp = this_cpu_ptr(&radix_tree_preloads);
        while (rtp->nr < nr) {
                local_unlock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
                node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
                if (node == NULL)
                        goto out;
                local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
                rtp = this_cpu_ptr(&radix_tree_preloads);
                if (rtp->nr < nr) {
                        node->parent = rtp->nodes;
                        rtp->nodes = node;
                        rtp->nr++;
                } else {
                        kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
                }
        }
        ret = 0;
out:
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
 * ensure that the addition of a single element in the tree cannot fail.  On
 * success, return zero, with preemption disabled.  On error, return -ENOMEM
 * with preemption not disabled.
 *
 * To make use of this facility, the radix tree must be initialised without
 * __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM being passed to INIT_RADIX_TREE().
 */
int radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        /* Warn on non-sensical use... */
        WARN_ON_ONCE(!gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask));
        return __radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask, RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_preload);

/*
 * The same as above function, except we don't guarantee preloading happens.
 * We do it, if we decide it helps. On success, return zero with preemption
 * disabled. On error, return -ENOMEM with preemption not disabled.
 */
int radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        if (gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask))
                return __radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask, RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE);
        /* Preloading doesn't help anything with this gfp mask, skip it */
        local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_maybe_preload);

static unsigned radix_tree_load_root(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
                struct radix_tree_node **nodep, unsigned long *maxindex)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);

        *nodep = node;

        if (likely(radix_tree_is_internal_node(node))) {
                node = entry_to_node(node);
                *maxindex = node_maxindex(node);
                return node->shift + RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
        }

        *maxindex = 0;
        return 0;
}

/*
 *      Extend a radix tree so it can store key @index.
 */
static int radix_tree_extend(struct radix_tree_root *root, gfp_t gfp,
                                unsigned long index, unsigned int shift)
{
        void *entry;
        unsigned int maxshift;
        int tag;

        /* Figure out what the shift should be.  */
        maxshift = shift;
        while (index > shift_maxindex(maxshift))
                maxshift += RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;

        entry = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
        if (!entry && (!is_idr(root) || root_tag_get(root, IDR_FREE)))
                goto out;

        do {
                struct radix_tree_node *node = radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp, NULL,
                                                        root, shift, 0, 1, 0);
                if (!node)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                if (is_idr(root)) {
                        all_tag_set(node, IDR_FREE);
                        if (!root_tag_get(root, IDR_FREE)) {
                                tag_clear(node, IDR_FREE, 0);
                                root_tag_set(root, IDR_FREE);
                        }
                } else {
                        /* Propagate the aggregated tag info to the new child */
                        for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
                                if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
                                        tag_set(node, tag, 0);
                        }
                }

                BUG_ON(shift > BITS_PER_LONG);
                if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(entry)) {
                        entry_to_node(entry)->parent = node;
                } else if (xa_is_value(entry)) {
                        /* Moving a value entry root->xa_head to a node */
                        node->nr_values = 1;
                }
                /*
                 * entry was already in the radix tree, so we do not need
                 * rcu_assign_pointer here
                 */
                node->slots[0] = (void __rcu *)entry;
                entry = node_to_entry(node);
                rcu_assign_pointer(root->xa_head, entry);
                shift += RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
        } while (shift <= maxshift);
out:
        return maxshift + RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
}

/**
 *      radix_tree_shrink    -    shrink radix tree to minimum height
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 */
static inline bool radix_tree_shrink(struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
        bool shrunk = false;

        for (;;) {
                struct radix_tree_node *node = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
                struct radix_tree_node *child;

                if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(node))
                        break;
                node = entry_to_node(node);

                /*
                 * The candidate node has more than one child, or its child
                 * is not at the leftmost slot, we cannot shrink.
                 */
                if (node->count != 1)
                        break;
                child = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[0]);
                if (!child)
                        break;

                /*
                 * For an IDR, we must not shrink entry 0 into the root in
                 * case somebody calls idr_replace() with a pointer that
                 * appears to be an internal entry
                 */
                if (!node->shift && is_idr(root))
                        break;

                if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(child))
                        entry_to_node(child)->parent = NULL;

                /*
                 * We don't need rcu_assign_pointer(), since we are simply
                 * moving the node from one part of the tree to another: if it
                 * was safe to dereference the old pointer to it
                 * (node->slots[0]), it will be safe to dereference the new
                 * one (root->xa_head) as far as dependent read barriers go.
                 */
                root->xa_head = (void __rcu *)child;
                if (is_idr(root) && !tag_get(node, IDR_FREE, 0))
                        root_tag_clear(root, IDR_FREE);

                /*
                 * We have a dilemma here. The node's slot[0] must not be
                 * NULLed in case there are concurrent lookups expecting to
                 * find the item. However if this was a bottom-level node,
                 * then it may be subject to the slot pointer being visible
                 * to callers dereferencing it. If item corresponding to
                 * slot[0] is subsequently deleted, these callers would expect
                 * their slot to become empty sooner or later.
                 *
                 * For example, lockless pagecache will look up a slot, deref
                 * the page pointer, and if the page has 0 refcount it means it
                 * was concurrently deleted from pagecache so try the deref
                 * again. Fortunately there is already a requirement for logic
                 * to retry the entire slot lookup -- the indirect pointer
                 * problem (replacing direct root node with an indirect pointer
                 * also results in a stale slot). So tag the slot as indirect
                 * to force callers to retry.
                 */
                node->count = 0;
                if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child)) {
                        node->slots[0] = (void __rcu *)RADIX_TREE_RETRY;
                }

                WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&node->private_list));
                radix_tree_node_free(node);
                shrunk = true;
        }

        return shrunk;
}

static bool delete_node(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                        struct radix_tree_node *node)
{
        bool deleted = false;

        do {
                struct radix_tree_node *parent;

                if (node->count) {
                        if (node_to_entry(node) ==
                                        rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head))
                                deleted |= radix_tree_shrink(root);
                        return deleted;
                }

                parent = node->parent;
                if (parent) {
                        parent->slots[node->offset] = NULL;
                        parent->count--;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Shouldn't the tags already have all been cleared
                         * by the caller?
                         */
                        if (!is_idr(root))
                                root_tag_clear_all(root);
                        root->xa_head = NULL;
                }

                WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&node->private_list));
                radix_tree_node_free(node);
                deleted = true;

                node = parent;
        } while (node);

        return deleted;
}

/**
 *      __radix_tree_create     -       create a slot in a radix tree
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @index:         index key
 *      @nodep:         returns node
 *      @slotp:         returns slot
 *
 *      Create, if necessary, and return the node and slot for an item
 *      at position @index in the radix tree @root.
 *
 *      Until there is more than one item in the tree, no nodes are
 *      allocated and @root->xa_head is used as a direct slot instead of
 *      pointing to a node, in which case *@nodep will be NULL.
 *
 *      Returns -ENOMEM, or 0 for success.
 */
static int __radix_tree_create(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                unsigned long index, struct radix_tree_node **nodep,
                void __rcu ***slotp)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL, *child;
        void __rcu **slot = (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
        unsigned long maxindex;
        unsigned int shift, offset = 0;
        unsigned long max = index;
        gfp_t gfp = root_gfp_mask(root);

        shift = radix_tree_load_root(root, &child, &maxindex);

        /* Make sure the tree is high enough.  */
        if (max > maxindex) {
                int error = radix_tree_extend(root, gfp, max, shift);
                if (error < 0)
                        return error;
                shift = error;
                child = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
        }

        while (shift > 0) {
                shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
                if (child == NULL) {
                        /* Have to add a child node.  */
                        child = radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp, node, root, shift,
                                                        offset, 0, 0);
                        if (!child)
                                return -ENOMEM;
                        rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, node_to_entry(child));
                        if (node)
                                node->count++;
                } else if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child))
                        break;

                /* Go a level down */
                node = entry_to_node(child);
                offset = radix_tree_descend(node, &child, index);
                slot = &node->slots[offset];
        }

        if (nodep)
                *nodep = node;
        if (slotp)
                *slotp = slot;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Free any nodes below this node.  The tree is presumed to not need
 * shrinking, and any user data in the tree is presumed to not need a
 * destructor called on it.  If we need to add a destructor, we can
 * add that functionality later.  Note that we may not clear tags or
 * slots from the tree as an RCU walker may still have a pointer into
 * this subtree.  We could replace the entries with RADIX_TREE_RETRY,
 * but we'll still have to clear those in rcu_free.
 */
static void radix_tree_free_nodes(struct radix_tree_node *node)
{
        unsigned offset = 0;
        struct radix_tree_node *child = entry_to_node(node);

        for (;;) {
                void *entry = rcu_dereference_raw(child->slots[offset]);
                if (xa_is_node(entry) && child->shift) {
                        child = entry_to_node(entry);
                        offset = 0;
                        continue;
                }
                offset++;
                while (offset == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
                        struct radix_tree_node *old = child;
                        offset = child->offset + 1;
                        child = child->parent;
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&old->private_list));
                        radix_tree_node_free(old);
                        if (old == entry_to_node(node))
                                return;
                }
        }
}

static inline int insert_entries(struct radix_tree_node *node,
                void __rcu **slot, void *item, bool replace)
{
        if (*slot)
                return -EEXIST;
        rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, item);
        if (node) {
                node->count++;
                if (xa_is_value(item))
                        node->nr_values++;
        }
        return 1;
}

/**
 *      radix_tree_insert    -    insert into a radix tree
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @index:         index key
 *      @item:          item to insert
 *
 *      Insert an item into the radix tree at position @index.
 */
int radix_tree_insert(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index,
                        void *item)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node;
        void __rcu **slot;
        int error;

        BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_internal_node(item));

        error = __radix_tree_create(root, index, &node, &slot);
        if (error)
                return error;

        error = insert_entries(node, slot, item, false);
        if (error < 0)
                return error;

        if (node) {
                unsigned offset = get_slot_offset(node, slot);
                BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 0, offset));
                BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 1, offset));
                BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 2, offset));
        } else {
                BUG_ON(root_tags_get(root));
        }

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_insert);

/**
 *      __radix_tree_lookup     -       lookup an item in a radix tree
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @index:         index key
 *      @nodep:         returns node
 *      @slotp:         returns slot
 *
 *      Lookup and return the item at position @index in the radix
 *      tree @root.
 *
 *      Until there is more than one item in the tree, no nodes are
 *      allocated and @root->xa_head is used as a direct slot instead of
 *      pointing to a node, in which case *@nodep will be NULL.
 */
void *__radix_tree_lookup(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
                          unsigned long index, struct radix_tree_node **nodep,
                          void __rcu ***slotp)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
        unsigned long maxindex;
        void __rcu **slot;

 restart:
        parent = NULL;
        slot = (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
        radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
        if (index > maxindex)
                return NULL;

        while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
                unsigned offset;

                parent = entry_to_node(node);
                offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);
                slot = parent->slots + offset;
                if (node == RADIX_TREE_RETRY)
                        goto restart;
                if (parent->shift == 0)
                        break;
        }

        if (nodep)
                *nodep = parent;
        if (slotp)
                *slotp = slot;
        return node;
}

/**
 *      radix_tree_lookup_slot    -    lookup a slot in a radix tree
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @index:         index key
 *
 *      Returns:  the slot corresponding to the position @index in the
 *      radix tree @root. This is useful for update-if-exists operations.
 *
 *      This function can be called under rcu_read_lock iff the slot is not
 *      modified by radix_tree_replace_slot, otherwise it must be called
 *      exclusive from other writers. Any dereference of the slot must be done
 *      using radix_tree_deref_slot.
 */
void __rcu **radix_tree_lookup_slot(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                unsigned long index)
{
        void __rcu **slot;

        if (!__radix_tree_lookup(root, index, NULL, &slot))
                return NULL;
        return slot;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup_slot);

/**
 *      radix_tree_lookup    -    perform lookup operation on a radix tree
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @index:         index key
 *
 *      Lookup the item at the position @index in the radix tree @root.
 *
 *      This function can be called under rcu_read_lock, however the caller
 *      must manage lifetimes of leaf nodes (eg. RCU may also be used to free
 *      them safely). No RCU barriers are required to access or modify the
 *      returned item, however.
 */
void *radix_tree_lookup(const struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
        return __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, NULL, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup);

static void replace_slot(void __rcu **slot, void *item,
                struct radix_tree_node *node, int count, int values)
{
        if (node && (count || values)) {
                node->count += count;
                node->nr_values += values;
        }

        rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, item);
}

static bool node_tag_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                const struct radix_tree_node *node,
                                unsigned int tag, unsigned int offset)
{
        if (node)
                return tag_get(node, tag, offset);
        return root_tag_get(root, tag);
}

/*
 * IDR users want to be able to store NULL in the tree, so if the slot isn't
 * free, don't adjust the count, even if it's transitioning between NULL and
 * non-NULL.  For the IDA, we mark slots as being IDR_FREE while they still
 * have empty bits, but it only stores NULL in slots when they're being
 * deleted.
 */
static int calculate_count(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                struct radix_tree_node *node, void __rcu **slot,
                                void *item, void *old)
{
        if (is_idr(root)) {
                unsigned offset = get_slot_offset(node, slot);
                bool free = node_tag_get(root, node, IDR_FREE, offset);
                if (!free)
                        return 0;
                if (!old)
                        return 1;
        }
        return !!item - !!old;
}

/**
 * __radix_tree_replace         - replace item in a slot
 * @root:               radix tree root
 * @node:               pointer to tree node
 * @slot:               pointer to slot in @node
 * @item:               new item to store in the slot.
 *
 * For use with __radix_tree_lookup().  Caller must hold tree write locked
 * across slot lookup and replacement.
 */
void __radix_tree_replace(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                          struct radix_tree_node *node,
                          void __rcu **slot, void *item)
{
        void *old = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
        int values = !!xa_is_value(item) - !!xa_is_value(old);
        int count = calculate_count(root, node, slot, item, old);

        /*
         * This function supports replacing value entries and
         * deleting entries, but that needs accounting against the
         * node unless the slot is root->xa_head.
         */
        WARN_ON_ONCE(!node && (slot != (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head) &&
                        (count || values));
        replace_slot(slot, item, node, count, values);

        if (!node)
                return;

        delete_node(root, node);
}

/**
 * radix_tree_replace_slot      - replace item in a slot
 * @root:       radix tree root
 * @slot:       pointer to slot
 * @item:       new item to store in the slot.
 *
 * For use with radix_tree_lookup_slot() and
 * radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot().  Caller must hold tree write locked
 * across slot lookup and replacement.
 *
 * NOTE: This cannot be used to switch between non-entries (empty slots),
 * regular entries, and value entries, as that requires accounting
 * inside the radix tree node. When switching from one type of entry or
 * deleting, use __radix_tree_lookup() and __radix_tree_replace() or
 * radix_tree_iter_replace().
 */
void radix_tree_replace_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                             void __rcu **slot, void *item)
{
        __radix_tree_replace(root, NULL, slot, item);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_replace_slot);

/**
 * radix_tree_iter_replace - replace item in a slot
 * @root:       radix tree root
 * @iter:       iterator state
 * @slot:       pointer to slot
 * @item:       new item to store in the slot.
 *
 * For use with radix_tree_for_each_slot().
 * Caller must hold tree write locked.
 */
void radix_tree_iter_replace(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                const struct radix_tree_iter *iter,
                                void __rcu **slot, void *item)
{
        __radix_tree_replace(root, iter->node, slot, item);
}

static void node_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                struct radix_tree_node *node,
                                unsigned int tag, unsigned int offset)
{
        while (node) {
                if (tag_get(node, tag, offset))
                        return;
                tag_set(node, tag, offset);
                offset = node->offset;
                node = node->parent;
        }

        if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
                root_tag_set(root, tag);
}

/**
 *      radix_tree_tag_set - set a tag on a radix tree node
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @index:         index key
 *      @tag:           tag index
 *
 *      Set the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
 *      corresponding to @index in the radix tree.  From
 *      the root all the way down to the leaf node.
 *
 *      Returns the address of the tagged item.  Setting a tag on a not-present
 *      item is a bug.
 */
void *radix_tree_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                        unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
        unsigned long maxindex;

        radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
        BUG_ON(index > maxindex);

        while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
                unsigned offset;

                parent = entry_to_node(node);
                offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);
                BUG_ON(!node);

                if (!tag_get(parent, tag, offset))
                        tag_set(parent, tag, offset);
        }

        /* set the root's tag bit */
        if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
                root_tag_set(root, tag);

        return node;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_set);

static void node_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                struct radix_tree_node *node,
                                unsigned int tag, unsigned int offset)
{
        while (node) {
                if (!tag_get(node, tag, offset))
                        return;
                tag_clear(node, tag, offset);

                if (any_tag_set(node, tag))
                        return;

                offset = node->offset;
                node = node->parent;
        }

        /* clear the root's tag bit */
        if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
                root_tag_clear(root, tag);
}

/**
 *      radix_tree_tag_clear - clear a tag on a radix tree node
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @index:         index key
 *      @tag:           tag index
 *
 *      Clear the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
 *      corresponding to @index in the radix tree.  If this causes
 *      the leaf node to have no tags set then clear the tag in the
 *      next-to-leaf node, etc.
 *
 *      Returns the address of the tagged item on success, else NULL.  ie:
 *      has the same return value and semantics as radix_tree_lookup().
 */
void *radix_tree_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                        unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
        unsigned long maxindex;
        int offset;

        radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
        if (index > maxindex)
                return NULL;

        parent = NULL;

        while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
                parent = entry_to_node(node);
                offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);
        }

        if (node)
                node_tag_clear(root, parent, tag, offset);

        return node;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_clear);

/**
  * radix_tree_iter_tag_clear - clear a tag on the current iterator entry
  * @root: radix tree root
  * @iter: iterator state
  * @tag: tag to clear
  */
void radix_tree_iter_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                        const struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned int tag)
{
        node_tag_clear(root, iter->node, tag, iter_offset(iter));
}

/**
 * radix_tree_tag_get - get a tag on a radix tree node
 * @root:               radix tree root
 * @index:              index key
 * @tag:                tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
 *
 * Return values:
 *
 *  0: tag not present or not set
 *  1: tag set
 *
 * Note that the return value of this function may not be relied on, even if
 * the RCU lock is held, unless tag modification and node deletion are excluded
 * from concurrency.
 */
int radix_tree_tag_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
                        unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
        unsigned long maxindex;

        if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
                return 0;

        radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
        if (index > maxindex)
                return 0;

        while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
                unsigned offset;

                parent = entry_to_node(node);
                offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);

                if (!tag_get(parent, tag, offset))
                        return 0;
                if (node == RADIX_TREE_RETRY)
                        break;
        }

        return 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_get);

/* Construct iter->tags bit-mask from node->tags[tag] array */
static void set_iter_tags(struct radix_tree_iter *iter,
                                struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned offset,
                                unsigned tag)
{
        unsigned tag_long = offset / BITS_PER_LONG;
        unsigned tag_bit  = offset % BITS_PER_LONG;

        if (!node) {
                iter->tags = 1;
                return;
        }

        iter->tags = node->tags[tag][tag_long] >> tag_bit;

        /* This never happens if RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS == 1 */
        if (tag_long < RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS - 1) {
                /* Pick tags from next element */
                if (tag_bit)
                        iter->tags |= node->tags[tag][tag_long + 1] <<
                                                (BITS_PER_LONG - tag_bit);
                /* Clip chunk size, here only BITS_PER_LONG tags */
                iter->next_index = __radix_tree_iter_add(iter, BITS_PER_LONG);
        }
}

void __rcu **radix_tree_iter_resume(void __rcu **slot,
                                        struct radix_tree_iter *iter)
{
        slot++;
        iter->index = __radix_tree_iter_add(iter, 1);
        iter->next_index = iter->index;
        iter->tags = 0;
        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_iter_resume);

/**
 * radix_tree_next_chunk - find next chunk of slots for iteration
 *
 * @root:       radix tree root
 * @iter:       iterator state
 * @flags:      RADIX_TREE_ITER_* flags and tag index
 * Returns:     pointer to chunk first slot, or NULL if iteration is over
 */
void __rcu **radix_tree_next_chunk(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
                             struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned flags)
{
        unsigned tag = flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAG_MASK;
        struct radix_tree_node *node, *child;
        unsigned long index, offset, maxindex;

        if ((flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) && !root_tag_get(root, tag))
                return NULL;

        /*
         * Catch next_index overflow after ~0UL. iter->index never overflows
         * during iterating; it can be zero only at the beginning.
         * And we cannot overflow iter->next_index in a single step,
         * because RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT < BITS_PER_LONG.
         *
         * This condition also used by radix_tree_next_slot() to stop
         * contiguous iterating, and forbid switching to the next chunk.
         */
        index = iter->next_index;
        if (!index && iter->index)
                return NULL;

 restart:
        radix_tree_load_root(root, &child, &maxindex);
        if (index > maxindex)
                return NULL;
        if (!child)
                return NULL;

        if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child)) {
                /* Single-slot tree */
                iter->index = index;
                iter->next_index = maxindex + 1;
                iter->tags = 1;
                iter->node = NULL;
                return (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
        }

        do {
                node = entry_to_node(child);
                offset = radix_tree_descend(node, &child, index);

                if ((flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) ?
                                !tag_get(node, tag, offset) : !child) {
                        /* Hole detected */
                        if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG)
                                return NULL;

                        if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED)
                                offset = radix_tree_find_next_bit(node, tag,
                                                offset + 1);
                        else
                                while (++offset < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
                                        void *slot = rcu_dereference_raw(
                                                        node->slots[offset]);
                                        if (slot)
                                                break;
                                }
                        index &= ~node_maxindex(node);
                        index += offset << node->shift;
                        /* Overflow after ~0UL */
                        if (!index)
                                return NULL;
                        if (offset == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE)
                                goto restart;
                        child = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[offset]);
                }

                if (!child)
                        goto restart;
                if (child == RADIX_TREE_RETRY)
                        break;
        } while (node->shift && radix_tree_is_internal_node(child));

        /* Update the iterator state */
        iter->index = (index &~ node_maxindex(node)) | offset;
        iter->next_index = (index | node_maxindex(node)) + 1;
        iter->node = node;

        if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED)
                set_iter_tags(iter, node, offset, tag);

        return node->slots + offset;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_next_chunk);

/**
 *      radix_tree_gang_lookup - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @results:       where the results of the lookup are placed
 *      @first_index:   start the lookup from this key
 *      @max_items:     place up to this many items at *results
 *
 *      Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items.  Places
 *      them at *@results and returns the number of items which were placed at
 *      *@results.
 *
 *      The implementation is naive.
 *
 *      Like radix_tree_lookup, radix_tree_gang_lookup may be called under
 *      rcu_read_lock. In this case, rather than the returned results being
 *      an atomic snapshot of the tree at a single point in time, the
 *      semantics of an RCU protected gang lookup are as though multiple
 *      radix_tree_lookups have been issued in individual locks, and results
 *      stored in 'results'.
 */
unsigned int
radix_tree_gang_lookup(const struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
                        unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items)
{
        struct radix_tree_iter iter;
        void __rcu **slot;
        unsigned int ret = 0;

        if (unlikely(!max_items))
                return 0;

        radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, root, &iter, first_index) {
                results[ret] = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
                if (!results[ret])
                        continue;
                if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(results[ret])) {
                        slot = radix_tree_iter_retry(&iter);
                        continue;
                }
                if (++ret == max_items)
                        break;
        }

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup);

/**
 *      radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
 *                                   based on a tag
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @results:       where the results of the lookup are placed
 *      @first_index:   start the lookup from this key
 *      @max_items:     place up to this many items at *results
 *      @tag:           the tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
 *
 *      Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items which
 *      have the tag indexed by @tag set.  Places the items at *@results and
 *      returns the number of items which were placed at *@results.
 */
unsigned int
radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag(const struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
                unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items,
                unsigned int tag)
{
        struct radix_tree_iter iter;
        void __rcu **slot;
        unsigned int ret = 0;

        if (unlikely(!max_items))
                return 0;

        radix_tree_for_each_tagged(slot, root, &iter, first_index, tag) {
                results[ret] = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
                if (!results[ret])
                        continue;
                if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(results[ret])) {
                        slot = radix_tree_iter_retry(&iter);
                        continue;
                }
                if (++ret == max_items)
                        break;
        }

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag);

/**
 *      radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot - perform multiple slot lookup on a
 *                                        radix tree based on a tag
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @results:       where the results of the lookup are placed
 *      @first_index:   start the lookup from this key
 *      @max_items:     place up to this many items at *results
 *      @tag:           the tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
 *
 *      Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items which
 *      have the tag indexed by @tag set.  Places the slots at *@results and
 *      returns the number of slots which were placed at *@results.
 */
unsigned int
radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
                void __rcu ***results, unsigned long first_index,
                unsigned int max_items, unsigned int tag)
{
        struct radix_tree_iter iter;
        void __rcu **slot;
        unsigned int ret = 0;

        if (unlikely(!max_items))
                return 0;

        radix_tree_for_each_tagged(slot, root, &iter, first_index, tag) {
                results[ret] = slot;
                if (++ret == max_items)
                        break;
        }

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot);

static bool __radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                struct radix_tree_node *node, void __rcu **slot)
{
        void *old = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
        int values = xa_is_value(old) ? -1 : 0;
        unsigned offset = get_slot_offset(node, slot);
        int tag;

        if (is_idr(root))
                node_tag_set(root, node, IDR_FREE, offset);
        else
                for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++)
                        node_tag_clear(root, node, tag, offset);

        replace_slot(slot, NULL, node, -1, values);
        return node && delete_node(root, node);
}

/**
 * radix_tree_iter_delete - delete the entry at this iterator position
 * @root: radix tree root
 * @iter: iterator state
 * @slot: pointer to slot
 *
 * Delete the entry at the position currently pointed to by the iterator.
 * This may result in the current node being freed; if it is, the iterator
 * is advanced so that it will not reference the freed memory.  This
 * function may be called without any locking if there are no other threads
 * which can access this tree.
 */
void radix_tree_iter_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                                struct radix_tree_iter *iter, void __rcu **slot)
{
        if (__radix_tree_delete(root, iter->node, slot))
                iter->index = iter->next_index;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_iter_delete);

/**
 * radix_tree_delete_item - delete an item from a radix tree
 * @root: radix tree root
 * @index: index key
 * @item: expected item
 *
 * Remove @item at @index from the radix tree rooted at @root.
 *
 * Return: the deleted entry, or %NULL if it was not present
 * or the entry at the given @index was not @item.
 */
void *radix_tree_delete_item(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                             unsigned long index, void *item)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL;
        void __rcu **slot = NULL;
        void *entry;

        entry = __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, &node, &slot);
        if (!slot)
                return NULL;
        if (!entry && (!is_idr(root) || node_tag_get(root, node, IDR_FREE,
                                                get_slot_offset(node, slot))))
                return NULL;

        if (item && entry != item)
                return NULL;

        __radix_tree_delete(root, node, slot);

        return entry;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_delete_item);

/**
 * radix_tree_delete - delete an entry from a radix tree
 * @root: radix tree root
 * @index: index key
 *
 * Remove the entry at @index from the radix tree rooted at @root.
 *
 * Return: The deleted entry, or %NULL if it was not present.
 */
void *radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
        return radix_tree_delete_item(root, index, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_delete);

/**
 *      radix_tree_tagged - test whether any items in the tree are tagged
 *      @root:          radix tree root
 *      @tag:           tag to test
 */
int radix_tree_tagged(const struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
{
        return root_tag_get(root, tag);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tagged);

/**
 * idr_preload - preload for idr_alloc()
 * @gfp_mask: allocation mask to use for preloading
 *
 * Preallocate memory to use for the next call to idr_alloc().  This function
 * returns with preemption disabled.  It will be enabled by idr_preload_end().
 */
void idr_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        if (__radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask, IDR_PRELOAD_SIZE))
                local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_preload);

void __rcu **idr_get_free(struct radix_tree_root *root,
                              struct radix_tree_iter *iter, gfp_t gfp,
                              unsigned long max)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL, *child;
        void __rcu **slot = (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
        unsigned long maxindex, start = iter->next_index;
        unsigned int shift, offset = 0;

 grow:
        shift = radix_tree_load_root(root, &child, &maxindex);
        if (!radix_tree_tagged(root, IDR_FREE))
                start = max(start, maxindex + 1);
        if (start > max)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);

        if (start > maxindex) {
                int error = radix_tree_extend(root, gfp, start, shift);
                if (error < 0)
                        return ERR_PTR(error);
                shift = error;
                child = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
        }
        if (start == 0 && shift == 0)
                shift = RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;

        while (shift) {
                shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
                if (child == NULL) {
                        /* Have to add a child node.  */
                        child = radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp, node, root, shift,
                                                        offset, 0, 0);
                        if (!child)
                                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
                        all_tag_set(child, IDR_FREE);
                        rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, node_to_entry(child));
                        if (node)
                                node->count++;
                } else if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child))
                        break;

                node = entry_to_node(child);
                offset = radix_tree_descend(node, &child, start);
                if (!tag_get(node, IDR_FREE, offset)) {
                        offset = radix_tree_find_next_bit(node, IDR_FREE,
                                                        offset + 1);
                        start = next_index(start, node, offset);
                        if (start > max || start == 0)
                                return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
                        while (offset == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
                                offset = node->offset + 1;
                                node = node->parent;
                                if (!node)
                                        goto grow;
                                shift = node->shift;
                        }
                        child = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[offset]);
                }
                slot = &node->slots[offset];
        }

        iter->index = start;
        if (node)
                iter->next_index = 1 + min(max, (start | node_maxindex(node)));
        else
                iter->next_index = 1;
        iter->node = node;
        set_iter_tags(iter, node, offset, IDR_FREE);

        return slot;
}

/**
 * idr_destroy - release all internal memory from an IDR
 * @idr: idr handle
 *
 * After this function is called, the IDR is empty, and may be reused or
 * the data structure containing it may be freed.
 *
 * A typical clean-up sequence for objects stored in an idr tree will use
 * idr_for_each() to free all objects, if necessary, then idr_destroy() to
 * free the memory used to keep track of those objects.
 */
void idr_destroy(struct idr *idr)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node = rcu_dereference_raw(idr->idr_rt.xa_head);
        if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node))
                radix_tree_free_nodes(node);
        idr->idr_rt.xa_head = NULL;
        root_tag_set(&idr->idr_rt, IDR_FREE);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_destroy);

static void
radix_tree_node_ctor(void *arg)
{
        struct radix_tree_node *node = arg;

        memset(node, 0, sizeof(*node));
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->private_list);
}

static int radix_tree_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu)
{
        struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
        struct radix_tree_node *node;

        /* Free per-cpu pool of preloaded nodes */
        rtp = &per_cpu(radix_tree_preloads, cpu);
        while (rtp->nr) {
                node = rtp->nodes;
                rtp->nodes = node->parent;
                kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
                rtp->nr--;
        }
        return 0;
}

void __init radix_tree_init(void)
{
        int ret;

        BUILD_BUG_ON(RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT > 32);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(ROOT_IS_IDR & ~GFP_ZONEMASK);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(XA_CHUNK_SIZE > 255);
        radix_tree_node_cachep = kmem_cache_create("radix_tree_node",
                        sizeof(struct radix_tree_node), 0,
                        SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT,
                        radix_tree_node_ctor);
        ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_RADIX_DEAD, "lib/radix:dead",
                                        NULL, radix_tree_cpu_dead);
        WARN_ON(ret < 0);
}