/*
 * Copyright 2011-2017 by the PaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu>
 * Modified by Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com>
 * Licensed under the GPL v2
 *
 * Note: the choice of the license means that the compilation process is
 * NOT 'eligible' as defined by gcc's library exception to the GPL v3,
 * but for the kernel it doesn't matter since it doesn't link against
 * any of the gcc libraries
 *
 * This gcc plugin is needed for tracking the lowest border of the kernel stack.
 * It instruments the kernel code inserting stackleak_track_stack() calls:
 *  - after alloca();
 *  - for the functions with a stack frame size greater than or equal
 *     to the "track-min-size" plugin parameter.
 *
 * This plugin is ported from grsecurity/PaX. For more information see:
 *   https://grsecurity.net/
 *   https://pax.grsecurity.net/
 *
 * Debugging:
 *  - use fprintf() to stderr, debug_generic_expr(), debug_gimple_stmt(),
 *     print_rtl_single() and debug_rtx();
 *  - add "-fdump-tree-all -fdump-rtl-all" to the plugin CFLAGS in
 *     Makefile.gcc-plugins to see the verbose dumps of the gcc passes;
 *  - use gcc -E to understand the preprocessing shenanigans;
 *  - use gcc with enabled CFG/GIMPLE/SSA verification (--enable-checking).
 */

#include "gcc-common.h"

__visible int plugin_is_GPL_compatible;

static int track_frame_size = -1;
static bool build_for_x86 = false;
static const char track_function[] = "stackleak_track_stack";
static bool disable = false;
static bool verbose = false;

/*
 * Mark these global variables (roots) for gcc garbage collector since
 * they point to the garbage-collected memory.
 */
static GTY(()) tree track_function_decl;

static struct plugin_info stackleak_plugin_info = {
        .version = "201707101337",
        .help = "track-min-size=nn\ttrack stack for functions with a stack frame size >= nn bytes\n"
                "arch=target_arch\tspecify target build arch\n"
                "disable\t\tdo not activate the plugin\n"
                "verbose\t\tprint info about the instrumentation\n"
};

static void add_stack_tracking_gcall(gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi, bool after)
{
        gimple stmt;
        gcall *gimple_call;
        cgraph_node_ptr node;
        basic_block bb;

        /* Insert calling stackleak_track_stack() */
        stmt = gimple_build_call(track_function_decl, 0);
        gimple_call = as_a_gcall(stmt);
        if (after)
                gsi_insert_after(gsi, gimple_call, GSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
        else
                gsi_insert_before(gsi, gimple_call, GSI_SAME_STMT);

        /* Update the cgraph */
        bb = gimple_bb(gimple_call);
        node = cgraph_get_create_node(track_function_decl);
        gcc_assert(node);
        cgraph_create_edge(cgraph_get_node(current_function_decl), node,
                        gimple_call, bb->count,
                        compute_call_stmt_bb_frequency(current_function_decl, bb));
}

static bool is_alloca(gimple stmt)
{
        if (gimple_call_builtin_p(stmt, BUILT_IN_ALLOCA))
                return true;

        if (gimple_call_builtin_p(stmt, BUILT_IN_ALLOCA_WITH_ALIGN))
                return true;

        return false;
}

static tree get_current_stack_pointer_decl(void)
{
        varpool_node_ptr node;

        FOR_EACH_VARIABLE(node) {
                tree var = NODE_DECL(node);
                tree name = DECL_NAME(var);

                if (DECL_NAME_LENGTH(var) != sizeof("current_stack_pointer") - 1)
                        continue;

                if (strcmp(IDENTIFIER_POINTER(name), "current_stack_pointer"))
                        continue;

                return var;
        }

        if (verbose) {
                fprintf(stderr, "stackleak: missing current_stack_pointer in %s()\n",
                        DECL_NAME_POINTER(current_function_decl));
        }
        return NULL_TREE;
}

static void add_stack_tracking_gasm(gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi, bool after)
{
        gasm *asm_call = NULL;
        tree sp_decl, input;
        vec<tree, va_gc> *inputs = NULL;

        /* 'no_caller_saved_registers' is currently supported only for x86 */
        gcc_assert(build_for_x86);

        /*
         * Insert calling stackleak_track_stack() in asm:
         *   asm volatile("call stackleak_track_stack"
         *                :: "r" (current_stack_pointer))
         * Use ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT trick from arch/x86/include/asm/asm.h.
         * This constraint is taken into account during gcc shrink-wrapping
         * optimization. It is needed to be sure that stackleak_track_stack()
         * call is inserted after the prologue of the containing function,
         * when the stack frame is prepared.
         */
        sp_decl = get_current_stack_pointer_decl();
        if (sp_decl == NULL_TREE) {
                add_stack_tracking_gcall(gsi, after);
                return;
        }
        input = build_tree_list(NULL_TREE, build_const_char_string(2, "r"));
        input = chainon(NULL_TREE, build_tree_list(input, sp_decl));
        vec_safe_push(inputs, input);
        asm_call = gimple_build_asm_vec("call stackleak_track_stack",
                                        inputs, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        gimple_asm_set_volatile(asm_call, true);
        if (after)
                gsi_insert_after(gsi, asm_call, GSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
        else
                gsi_insert_before(gsi, asm_call, GSI_SAME_STMT);
        update_stmt(asm_call);
}

static void add_stack_tracking(gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi, bool after)
{
        /*
         * The 'no_caller_saved_registers' attribute is used for
         * stackleak_track_stack(). If the compiler supports this attribute for
         * the target arch, we can add calling stackleak_track_stack() in asm.
         * That improves performance: we avoid useless operations with the
         * caller-saved registers in the functions from which we will remove
         * stackleak_track_stack() call during the stackleak_cleanup pass.
         */
        if (lookup_attribute_spec(get_identifier("no_caller_saved_registers")))
                add_stack_tracking_gasm(gsi, after);
        else
                add_stack_tracking_gcall(gsi, after);
}

/*
 * Work with the GIMPLE representation of the code. Insert the
 * stackleak_track_stack() call after alloca() and into the beginning
 * of the function if it is not instrumented.
 */
static unsigned int stackleak_instrument_execute(void)
{
        basic_block bb, entry_bb;
        bool prologue_instrumented = false, is_leaf = true;
        gimple_stmt_iterator gsi = { 0 };

        /*
         * ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR is a basic block which represents possible entry
         * point of a function. This block does not contain any code and
         * has a CFG edge to its successor.
         */
        gcc_assert(single_succ_p(ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN(cfun)));
        entry_bb = single_succ(ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN(cfun));

        /*
         * Loop through the GIMPLE statements in each of cfun basic blocks.
         * cfun is a global variable which represents the function that is
         * currently processed.
         */
        FOR_EACH_BB_FN(bb, cfun) {
                for (gsi = gsi_start_bb(bb); !gsi_end_p(gsi); gsi_next(&gsi)) {
                        gimple stmt;

                        stmt = gsi_stmt(gsi);

                        /* Leaf function is a function which makes no calls */
                        if (is_gimple_call(stmt))
                                is_leaf = false;

                        if (!is_alloca(stmt))
                                continue;

                        if (verbose) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "stackleak: be careful, alloca() in %s()\n",
                                        DECL_NAME_POINTER(current_function_decl));
                        }

                        /* Insert stackleak_track_stack() call after alloca() */
                        add_stack_tracking(&gsi, true);
                        if (bb == entry_bb)
                                prologue_instrumented = true;
                }
        }

        if (prologue_instrumented)
                return 0;

        /*
         * Special cases to skip the instrumentation.
         *
         * Taking the address of static inline functions materializes them,
         * but we mustn't instrument some of them as the resulting stack
         * alignment required by the function call ABI will break other
         * assumptions regarding the expected (but not otherwise enforced)
         * register clobbering ABI.
         *
         * Case in point: native_save_fl on amd64 when optimized for size
         * clobbers rdx if it were instrumented here.
         *
         * TODO: any more special cases?
         */
        if (is_leaf &&
            !TREE_PUBLIC(current_function_decl) &&
            DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P(current_function_decl)) {
                return 0;
        }

        if (is_leaf &&
            !strncmp(IDENTIFIER_POINTER(DECL_NAME(current_function_decl)),
                     "_paravirt_", 10)) {
                return 0;
        }

        /* Insert stackleak_track_stack() call at the function beginning */
        bb = entry_bb;
        if (!single_pred_p(bb)) {
                /* gcc_assert(bb_loop_depth(bb) ||
                                (bb->flags & BB_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP)); */
                split_edge(single_succ_edge(ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN(cfun)));
                gcc_assert(single_succ_p(ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN(cfun)));
                bb = single_succ(ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN(cfun));
        }
        gsi = gsi_after_labels(bb);
        add_stack_tracking(&gsi, false);

        return 0;
}

static bool large_stack_frame(void)
{
#if BUILDING_GCC_VERSION >= 8000
        return maybe_ge(get_frame_size(), track_frame_size);
#else
        return (get_frame_size() >= track_frame_size);
#endif
}

static void remove_stack_tracking_gcall(void)
{
        rtx_insn *insn, *next;

        /*
         * Find stackleak_track_stack() calls. Loop through the chain of insns,
         * which is an RTL representation of the code for a function.
         *
         * The example of a matching insn:
         *  (call_insn 8 4 10 2 (call (mem (symbol_ref ("stackleak_track_stack")
         *  [flags 0x41] <function_decl 0x7f7cd3302a80 stackleak_track_stack>)
         *  [0 stackleak_track_stack S1 A8]) (0)) 675 {*call} (expr_list
         *  (symbol_ref ("stackleak_track_stack") [flags 0x41] <function_decl
         *  0x7f7cd3302a80 stackleak_track_stack>) (expr_list (0) (nil))) (nil))
         */
        for (insn = get_insns(); insn; insn = next) {
                rtx body;

                next = NEXT_INSN(insn);

                /* Check the expression code of the insn */
                if (!CALL_P(insn))
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Check the expression code of the insn body, which is an RTL
                 * Expression (RTX) describing the side effect performed by
                 * that insn.
                 */
                body = PATTERN(insn);

                if (GET_CODE(body) == PARALLEL)
                        body = XVECEXP(body, 0, 0);

                if (GET_CODE(body) != CALL)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Check the first operand of the call expression. It should
                 * be a mem RTX describing the needed subroutine with a
                 * symbol_ref RTX.
                 */
                body = XEXP(body, 0);
                if (GET_CODE(body) != MEM)
                        continue;

                body = XEXP(body, 0);
                if (GET_CODE(body) != SYMBOL_REF)
                        continue;

                if (SYMBOL_REF_DECL(body) != track_function_decl)
                        continue;

                /* Delete the stackleak_track_stack() call */
                delete_insn_and_edges(insn);
#if BUILDING_GCC_VERSION < 8000
                if (GET_CODE(next) == NOTE &&
                    NOTE_KIND(next) == NOTE_INSN_CALL_ARG_LOCATION) {
                        insn = next;
                        next = NEXT_INSN(insn);
                        delete_insn_and_edges(insn);
                }
#endif
        }
}

static bool remove_stack_tracking_gasm(void)
{
        bool removed = false;
        rtx_insn *insn, *next;

        /* 'no_caller_saved_registers' is currently supported only for x86 */
        gcc_assert(build_for_x86);

        /*
         * Find stackleak_track_stack() asm calls. Loop through the chain of
         * insns, which is an RTL representation of the code for a function.
         *
         * The example of a matching insn:
         *  (insn 11 5 12 2 (parallel [ (asm_operands/v
         *  ("call stackleak_track_stack") ("") 0
         *  [ (reg/v:DI 7 sp [ current_stack_pointer ]) ]
         *  [ (asm_input:DI ("r")) ] [])
         *  (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) -1 (nil))
         */
        for (insn = get_insns(); insn; insn = next) {
                rtx body;

                next = NEXT_INSN(insn);

                /* Check the expression code of the insn */
                if (!NONJUMP_INSN_P(insn))
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Check the expression code of the insn body, which is an RTL
                 * Expression (RTX) describing the side effect performed by
                 * that insn.
                 */
                body = PATTERN(insn);

                if (GET_CODE(body) != PARALLEL)
                        continue;

                body = XVECEXP(body, 0, 0);

                if (GET_CODE(body) != ASM_OPERANDS)
                        continue;

                if (strcmp(ASM_OPERANDS_TEMPLATE(body),
                                                "call stackleak_track_stack")) {
                        continue;
                }

                delete_insn_and_edges(insn);
                gcc_assert(!removed);
                removed = true;
        }

        return removed;
}

/*
 * Work with the RTL representation of the code.
 * Remove the unneeded stackleak_track_stack() calls from the functions
 * which don't call alloca() and don't have a large enough stack frame size.
 */
static unsigned int stackleak_cleanup_execute(void)
{
        const char *fn = DECL_NAME_POINTER(current_function_decl);
        bool removed = false;

        /*
         * Leave stack tracking in functions that call alloca().
         * Additional case:
         *   gcc before version 7 called allocate_dynamic_stack_space() from
         *   expand_stack_vars() for runtime alignment of constant-sized stack
         *   variables. That caused cfun->calls_alloca to be set for functions
         *   that in fact don't use alloca().
         *   For more info see gcc commit 7072df0aae0c59ae437e.
         *   Let's leave such functions instrumented as well.
         */
        if (cfun->calls_alloca) {
                if (verbose)
                        fprintf(stderr, "stackleak: instrument %s(): calls_alloca\n", fn);
                return 0;
        }

        /* Leave stack tracking in functions with large stack frame */
        if (large_stack_frame()) {
                if (verbose)
                        fprintf(stderr, "stackleak: instrument %s()\n", fn);
                return 0;
        }

        if (lookup_attribute_spec(get_identifier("no_caller_saved_registers")))
                removed = remove_stack_tracking_gasm();

        if (!removed)
                remove_stack_tracking_gcall();

        return 0;
}

static bool stackleak_gate(void)
{
        tree section;

        section = lookup_attribute("section",
                                   DECL_ATTRIBUTES(current_function_decl));
        if (section && TREE_VALUE(section)) {
                section = TREE_VALUE(TREE_VALUE(section));

                if (!strncmp(TREE_STRING_POINTER(section), ".init.text", 10))
                        return false;
                if (!strncmp(TREE_STRING_POINTER(section), ".devinit.text", 13))
                        return false;
                if (!strncmp(TREE_STRING_POINTER(section), ".cpuinit.text", 13))
                        return false;
                if (!strncmp(TREE_STRING_POINTER(section), ".meminit.text", 13))
                        return false;
        }

        return track_frame_size >= 0;
}

/* Build the function declaration for stackleak_track_stack() */
static void stackleak_start_unit(void *gcc_data __unused,
                                 void *user_data __unused)
{
        tree fntype;

        /* void stackleak_track_stack(void) */
        fntype = build_function_type_list(void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
        track_function_decl = build_fn_decl(track_function, fntype);
        DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME(track_function_decl); /* for LTO */
        TREE_PUBLIC(track_function_decl) = 1;
        TREE_USED(track_function_decl) = 1;
        DECL_EXTERNAL(track_function_decl) = 1;
        DECL_ARTIFICIAL(track_function_decl) = 1;
        DECL_PRESERVE_P(track_function_decl) = 1;
}

/*
 * Pass gate function is a predicate function that gets executed before the
 * corresponding pass. If the return value is 'true' the pass gets executed,
 * otherwise, it is skipped.
 */
static bool stackleak_instrument_gate(void)
{
        return stackleak_gate();
}

#define PASS_NAME stackleak_instrument
#define PROPERTIES_REQUIRED PROP_gimple_leh | PROP_cfg
#define TODO_FLAGS_START TODO_verify_ssa | TODO_verify_flow | TODO_verify_stmts
#define TODO_FLAGS_FINISH TODO_verify_ssa | TODO_verify_stmts | TODO_dump_func \
                        | TODO_update_ssa | TODO_rebuild_cgraph_edges
#include "gcc-generate-gimple-pass.h"

static bool stackleak_cleanup_gate(void)
{
        return stackleak_gate();
}

#define PASS_NAME stackleak_cleanup
#define TODO_FLAGS_FINISH TODO_dump_func
#include "gcc-generate-rtl-pass.h"

/*
 * Every gcc plugin exports a plugin_init() function that is called right
 * after the plugin is loaded. This function is responsible for registering
 * the plugin callbacks and doing other required initialization.
 */
__visible int plugin_init(struct plugin_name_args *plugin_info,
                          struct plugin_gcc_version *version)
{
        const char * const plugin_name = plugin_info->base_name;
        const int argc = plugin_info->argc;
        const struct plugin_argument * const argv = plugin_info->argv;
        int i = 0;

        /* Extra GGC root tables describing our GTY-ed data */
        static const struct ggc_root_tab gt_ggc_r_gt_stackleak[] = {
                {
                        .base = &track_function_decl,
                        .nelt = 1,
                        .stride = sizeof(track_function_decl),
                        .cb = &gt_ggc_mx_tree_node,
                        .pchw = &gt_pch_nx_tree_node
                },
                LAST_GGC_ROOT_TAB
        };

        /*
         * The stackleak_instrument pass should be executed before the
         * "optimized" pass, which is the control flow graph cleanup that is
         * performed just before expanding gcc trees to the RTL. In former
         * versions of the plugin this new pass was inserted before the
         * "tree_profile" pass, which is currently called "profile".
         */
        PASS_INFO(stackleak_instrument, "optimized", 1,
                                                PASS_POS_INSERT_BEFORE);

        /*
         * The stackleak_cleanup pass should be executed before the "*free_cfg"
         * pass. It's the moment when the stack frame size is already final,
         * function prologues and epilogues are generated, and the
         * machine-dependent code transformations are not done.
         */
        PASS_INFO(stackleak_cleanup, "*free_cfg", 1, PASS_POS_INSERT_BEFORE);

        if (!plugin_default_version_check(version, &gcc_version)) {
                error(G_("incompatible gcc/plugin versions"));
                return 1;
        }

        /* Parse the plugin arguments */
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                if (!strcmp(argv[i].key, "track-min-size")) {
                        if (!argv[i].value) {
                                error(G_("no value supplied for option '-fplugin-arg-%s-%s'"),
                                        plugin_name, argv[i].key);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        track_frame_size = atoi(argv[i].value);
                        if (track_frame_size < 0) {
                                error(G_("invalid option argument '-fplugin-arg-%s-%s=%s'"),
                                        plugin_name, argv[i].key, argv[i].value);
                                return 1;
                        }
                } else if (!strcmp(argv[i].key, "arch")) {
                        if (!argv[i].value) {
                                error(G_("no value supplied for option '-fplugin-arg-%s-%s'"),
                                        plugin_name, argv[i].key);
                                return 1;
                        }

                        if (!strcmp(argv[i].value, "x86"))
                                build_for_x86 = true;
                } else if (!strcmp(argv[i].key, "disable")) {
                        disable = true;
                } else if (!strcmp(argv[i].key, "verbose")) {
                        verbose = true;
                } else {
                        error(G_("unknown option '-fplugin-arg-%s-%s'"),
                                        plugin_name, argv[i].key);
                        return 1;
                }
        }

        if (disable) {
                if (verbose)
                        fprintf(stderr, "stackleak: disabled for this translation unit\n");
                return 0;
        }

        /* Give the information about the plugin */
        register_callback(plugin_name, PLUGIN_INFO, NULL,
                                                &stackleak_plugin_info);

        /* Register to be called before processing a translation unit */
        register_callback(plugin_name, PLUGIN_START_UNIT,
                                        &stackleak_start_unit, NULL);

        /* Register an extra GCC garbage collector (GGC) root table */
        register_callback(plugin_name, PLUGIN_REGISTER_GGC_ROOTS, NULL,
                                        (void *)&gt_ggc_r_gt_stackleak);

        /*
         * Hook into the Pass Manager to register new gcc passes.
         *
         * The stack frame size info is available only at the last RTL pass,
         * when it's too late to insert complex code like a function call.
         * So we register two gcc passes to instrument every function at first
         * and remove the unneeded instrumentation later.
         */
        register_callback(plugin_name, PLUGIN_PASS_MANAGER_SETUP, NULL,
                                        &stackleak_instrument_pass_info);
        register_callback(plugin_name, PLUGIN_PASS_MANAGER_SETUP, NULL,
                                        &stackleak_cleanup_pass_info);

        return 0;
}