// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
/* Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Netronome Systems, Inc. */

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <dirent.h>

#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/sizes.h>

#include <bpf/bpf.h>
#include <bpf/btf.h>
#include <bpf/libbpf.h>
#include <bpf/bpf_gen_internal.h>
#include <bpf/skel_internal.h>

#include "cfg.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "xlated_dumper.h"

#define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX "bpf_metadata_"
#define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(BPF_METADATA_PREFIX) - 1)

const char * const prog_type_name[] = {
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC]                  = "unspec",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER]           = "socket_filter",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE]                  = "kprobe",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS]               = "sched_cls",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT]               = "sched_act",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT]              = "tracepoint",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP]                     = "xdp",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT]              = "perf_event",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB]              = "cgroup_skb",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK]             = "cgroup_sock",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN]                  = "lwt_in",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT]                 = "lwt_out",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT]                = "lwt_xmit",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS]                = "sock_ops",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB]                  = "sk_skb",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE]           = "cgroup_device",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG]                  = "sk_msg",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT]          = "raw_tracepoint",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR]        = "cgroup_sock_addr",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL]           = "lwt_seg6local",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2]              = "lirc_mode2",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_REUSEPORT]            = "sk_reuseport",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR]          = "flow_dissector",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL]           = "cgroup_sysctl",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE] = "raw_tracepoint_writable",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT]          = "cgroup_sockopt",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING]                 = "tracing",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS]              = "struct_ops",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT]                     = "ext",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM]                     = "lsm",
        [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP]               = "sk_lookup",
};

const size_t prog_type_name_size = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name);

enum dump_mode {
        DUMP_JITED,
        DUMP_XLATED,
};

static const char * const attach_type_strings[] = {
        [BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER] = "stream_parser",
        [BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT] = "stream_verdict",
        [BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT] = "skb_verdict",
        [BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT] = "msg_verdict",
        [BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR] = "flow_dissector",
        [__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE] = NULL,
};

static enum bpf_attach_type parse_attach_type(const char *str)
{
        enum bpf_attach_type type;

        for (type = 0; type < __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE; type++) {
                if (attach_type_strings[type] &&
                    is_prefix(str, attach_type_strings[type]))
                        return type;
        }

        return __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE;
}

static void print_boot_time(__u64 nsecs, char *buf, unsigned int size)
{
        struct timespec real_time_ts, boot_time_ts;
        time_t wallclock_secs;
        struct tm load_tm;

        buf[--size] = '\0';

        if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &real_time_ts) ||
            clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &boot_time_ts)) {
                perror("Can't read clocks");
                snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
                return;
        }

        wallclock_secs = (real_time_ts.tv_sec - boot_time_ts.tv_sec) +
                (real_time_ts.tv_nsec - boot_time_ts.tv_nsec + nsecs) /
                1000000000;


        if (!localtime_r(&wallclock_secs, &load_tm)) {
                snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
                return;
        }

        if (json_output)
                strftime(buf, size, "%s", &load_tm);
        else
                strftime(buf, size, "%FT%T%z", &load_tm);
}

static void show_prog_maps(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
{
        struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
        __u32 len = sizeof(info);
        __u32 map_ids[num_maps];
        unsigned int i;
        int err;

        info.nr_map_ids = num_maps;
        info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);

        err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
        if (err || !info.nr_map_ids)
                return;

        if (json_output) {
                jsonw_name(json_wtr, "map_ids");
                jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
                for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
                        jsonw_uint(json_wtr, map_ids[i]);
                jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
        } else {
                printf("  map_ids ");
                for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
                        printf("%u%s", map_ids[i],
                               i == info.nr_map_ids - 1 ? "" : ",");
        }
}

static void *find_metadata(int prog_fd, struct bpf_map_info *map_info)
{
        struct bpf_prog_info prog_info;
        __u32 prog_info_len;
        __u32 map_info_len;
        void *value = NULL;
        __u32 *map_ids;
        int nr_maps;
        int key = 0;
        int map_fd;
        int ret;
        __u32 i;

        memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
        prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
        ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
        if (ret)
                return NULL;

        if (!prog_info.nr_map_ids)
                return NULL;

        map_ids = calloc(prog_info.nr_map_ids, sizeof(__u32));
        if (!map_ids)
                return NULL;

        nr_maps = prog_info.nr_map_ids;
        memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
        prog_info.nr_map_ids = nr_maps;
        prog_info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
        prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);

        ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
        if (ret)
                goto free_map_ids;

        for (i = 0; i < prog_info.nr_map_ids; i++) {
                map_fd = bpf_map_get_fd_by_id(map_ids[i]);
                if (map_fd < 0)
                        goto free_map_ids;

                memset(map_info, 0, sizeof(*map_info));
                map_info_len = sizeof(*map_info);
                ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, map_info, &map_info_len);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        close(map_fd);
                        goto free_map_ids;
                }

                if (map_info->type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY ||
                    map_info->key_size != sizeof(int) ||
                    map_info->max_entries != 1 ||
                    !map_info->btf_value_type_id ||
                    !strstr(map_info->name, ".rodata")) {
                        close(map_fd);
                        continue;
                }

                value = malloc(map_info->value_size);
                if (!value) {
                        close(map_fd);
                        goto free_map_ids;
                }

                if (bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, value)) {
                        close(map_fd);
                        free(value);
                        value = NULL;
                        goto free_map_ids;
                }

                close(map_fd);
                break;
        }

free_map_ids:
        free(map_ids);
        return value;
}

static bool has_metadata_prefix(const char *s)
{
        return strncmp(s, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN) == 0;
}

static void show_prog_metadata(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
{
        const struct btf_type *t_datasec, *t_var;
        struct bpf_map_info map_info;
        struct btf_var_secinfo *vsi;
        bool printed_header = false;
        unsigned int i, vlen;
        void *value = NULL;
        const char *name;
        struct btf *btf;
        int err;

        if (!num_maps)
                return;

        memset(&map_info, 0, sizeof(map_info));
        value = find_metadata(fd, &map_info);
        if (!value)
                return;

        btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(map_info.btf_id);
        if (libbpf_get_error(btf))
                goto out_free;

        t_datasec = btf__type_by_id(btf, map_info.btf_value_type_id);
        if (!btf_is_datasec(t_datasec))
                goto out_free;

        vlen = btf_vlen(t_datasec);
        vsi = btf_var_secinfos(t_datasec);

        /* We don't proceed to check the kinds of the elements of the DATASEC.
         * The verifier enforces them to be BTF_KIND_VAR.
         */

        if (json_output) {
                struct btf_dumper d = {
                        .btf = btf,
                        .jw = json_wtr,
                        .is_plain_text = false,
                };

                for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
                        t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
                        name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);

                        if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
                                continue;

                        if (!printed_header) {
                                jsonw_name(json_wtr, "metadata");
                                jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
                                printed_header = true;
                        }

                        jsonw_name(json_wtr, name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);
                        err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
                        if (err) {
                                p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (printed_header)
                        jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
        } else {
                json_writer_t *btf_wtr = jsonw_new(stdout);
                struct btf_dumper d = {
                        .btf = btf,
                        .jw = btf_wtr,
                        .is_plain_text = true,
                };

                if (!btf_wtr) {
                        p_err("jsonw alloc failed");
                        goto out_free;
                }

                for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
                        t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
                        name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);

                        if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
                                continue;

                        if (!printed_header) {
                                printf("\tmetadata:");
                                printed_header = true;
                        }

                        printf("\n\t\t%s = ", name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);

                        jsonw_reset(btf_wtr);
                        err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
                        if (err) {
                                p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (printed_header)
                        jsonw_destroy(&btf_wtr);
        }

out_free:
        btf__free(btf);
        free(value);
}

static void print_prog_header_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info)
{
        jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "id", info->id);
        if (info->type < ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name))
                jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "type",
                                   prog_type_name[info->type]);
        else
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "type", info->type);

        if (*info->name)
                jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "name", info->name);

        jsonw_name(json_wtr, "tag");
        jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "\"" BPF_TAG_FMT "\"",
                     info->tag[0], info->tag[1], info->tag[2], info->tag[3],
                     info->tag[4], info->tag[5], info->tag[6], info->tag[7]);

        jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "gpl_compatible", info->gpl_compatible);
        if (info->run_time_ns) {
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_time_ns", info->run_time_ns);
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", info->run_cnt);
        }
        if (info->recursion_misses)
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "recursion_misses", info->recursion_misses);
}

static void print_prog_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
{
        char *memlock;

        jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
        print_prog_header_json(info);
        print_dev_json(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);

        if (info->load_time) {
                char buf[32];

                print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));

                /* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
                jsonw_name(json_wtr, "loaded_at");
                jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "%s", buf);
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "uid", info->created_by_uid);
        }

        jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_xlated", info->xlated_prog_len);

        if (info->jited_prog_len) {
                jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", true);
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_jited", info->jited_prog_len);
        } else {
                jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", false);
        }

        memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
        if (memlock)
                jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bytes_memlock", atoi(memlock));
        free(memlock);

        if (info->nr_map_ids)
                show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);

        if (info->btf_id)
                jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "btf_id", info->btf_id);

        if (!hash_empty(prog_table.table)) {
                struct pinned_obj *obj;

                jsonw_name(json_wtr, "pinned");
                jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
                hash_for_each_possible(prog_table.table, obj, hash, info->id) {
                        if (obj->id == info->id)
                                jsonw_string(json_wtr, obj->path);
                }
                jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
        }

        emit_obj_refs_json(&refs_table, info->id, json_wtr);

        show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);

        jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
}

static void print_prog_header_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info)
{
        printf("%u: ", info->id);
        if (info->type < ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name))
                printf("%s  ", prog_type_name[info->type]);
        else
                printf("type %u  ", info->type);

        if (*info->name)
                printf("name %s  ", info->name);

        printf("tag ");
        fprint_hex(stdout, info->tag, BPF_TAG_SIZE, "");
        print_dev_plain(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
        printf("%s", info->gpl_compatible ? "  gpl" : "");
        if (info->run_time_ns)
                printf(" run_time_ns %lld run_cnt %lld",
                       info->run_time_ns, info->run_cnt);
        if (info->recursion_misses)
                printf(" recursion_misses %lld", info->recursion_misses);
        printf("\n");
}

static void print_prog_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
{
        char *memlock;

        print_prog_header_plain(info);

        if (info->load_time) {
                char buf[32];

                print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));

                /* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
                printf("\tloaded_at %s  uid %u\n", buf, info->created_by_uid);
        }

        printf("\txlated %uB", info->xlated_prog_len);

        if (info->jited_prog_len)
                printf("  jited %uB", info->jited_prog_len);
        else
                printf("  not jited");

        memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
        if (memlock)
                printf("  memlock %sB", memlock);
        free(memlock);

        if (info->nr_map_ids)
                show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);

        if (!hash_empty(prog_table.table)) {
                struct pinned_obj *obj;

                hash_for_each_possible(prog_table.table, obj, hash, info->id) {
                        if (obj->id == info->id)
                                printf("\n\tpinned %s", obj->path);
                }
        }

        if (info->btf_id)
                printf("\n\tbtf_id %d", info->btf_id);

        emit_obj_refs_plain(&refs_table, info->id, "\n\tpids ");

        printf("\n");

        show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
}

static int show_prog(int fd)
{
        struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
        __u32 len = sizeof(info);
        int err;

        err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
        if (err) {
                p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        if (json_output)
                print_prog_json(&info, fd);
        else
                print_prog_plain(&info, fd);

        return 0;
}

static int do_show_subset(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int *fds = NULL;
        int nb_fds, i;
        int err = -1;

        fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
        if (!fds) {
                p_err("mem alloc failed");
                return -1;
        }
        nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
        if (nb_fds < 1)
                goto exit_free;

        if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
                jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);    /* root array */
        for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
                err = show_prog(fds[i]);
                if (err) {
                        for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
                                close(fds[i]);
                        break;
                }
                close(fds[i]);
        }
        if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
                jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);      /* root array */

exit_free:
        free(fds);
        return err;
}

static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
{
        __u32 id = 0;
        int err;
        int fd;

        if (show_pinned)
                build_pinned_obj_table(&prog_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
        build_obj_refs_table(&refs_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);

        if (argc == 2)
                return do_show_subset(argc, argv);

        if (argc)
                return BAD_ARG();

        if (json_output)
                jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
        while (true) {
                err = bpf_prog_get_next_id(id, &id);
                if (err) {
                        if (errno == ENOENT) {
                                err = 0;
                                break;
                        }
                        p_err("can't get next program: %s%s", strerror(errno),
                              errno == EINVAL ? " -- kernel too old?" : "");
                        err = -1;
                        break;
                }

                fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
                if (fd < 0) {
                        if (errno == ENOENT)
                                continue;
                        p_err("can't get prog by id (%u): %s",
                              id, strerror(errno));
                        err = -1;
                        break;
                }

                err = show_prog(fd);
                close(fd);
                if (err)
                        break;
        }

        if (json_output)
                jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);

        delete_obj_refs_table(&refs_table);

        return err;
}

static int
prog_dump(struct bpf_prog_info *info, enum dump_mode mode,
          char *filepath, bool opcodes, bool visual, bool linum)
{
        struct bpf_prog_linfo *prog_linfo = NULL;
        const char *disasm_opt = NULL;
        struct dump_data dd = {};
        void *func_info = NULL;
        struct btf *btf = NULL;
        char func_sig[1024];
        unsigned char *buf;
        __u32 member_len;
        ssize_t n;
        int fd;

        if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
                if (info->jited_prog_len == 0 || !info->jited_prog_insns) {
                        p_info("no instructions returned");
                        return -1;
                }
                buf = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_prog_insns);
                member_len = info->jited_prog_len;
        } else {        /* DUMP_XLATED */
                if (info->xlated_prog_len == 0 || !info->xlated_prog_insns) {
                        p_err("error retrieving insn dump: kernel.kptr_restrict set?");
                        return -1;
                }
                buf = u64_to_ptr(info->xlated_prog_insns);
                member_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
        }

        if (info->btf_id) {
                btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info->btf_id);
                if (libbpf_get_error(btf)) {
                        p_err("failed to get btf");
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        func_info = u64_to_ptr(info->func_info);

        if (info->nr_line_info) {
                prog_linfo = bpf_prog_linfo__new(info);
                if (!prog_linfo)
                        p_info("error in processing bpf_line_info.  continue without it.");
        }

        if (filepath) {
                fd = open(filepath, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
                if (fd < 0) {
                        p_err("can't open file %s: %s", filepath,
                              strerror(errno));
                        return -1;
                }

                n = write(fd, buf, member_len);
                close(fd);
                if (n != (ssize_t)member_len) {
                        p_err("error writing output file: %s",
                              n < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "short write");
                        return -1;
                }

                if (json_output)
                        jsonw_null(json_wtr);
        } else if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
                const char *name = NULL;

                if (info->ifindex) {
                        name = ifindex_to_bfd_params(info->ifindex,
                                                     info->netns_dev,
                                                     info->netns_ino,
                                                     &disasm_opt);
                        if (!name)
                                return -1;
                }

                if (info->nr_jited_func_lens && info->jited_func_lens) {
                        struct kernel_sym *sym = NULL;
                        struct bpf_func_info *record;
                        char sym_name[SYM_MAX_NAME];
                        unsigned char *img = buf;
                        __u64 *ksyms = NULL;
                        __u32 *lens;
                        __u32 i;
                        if (info->nr_jited_ksyms) {
                                kernel_syms_load(&dd);
                                ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
                        }

                        if (json_output)
                                jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);

                        lens = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_func_lens);
                        for (i = 0; i < info->nr_jited_func_lens; i++) {
                                if (ksyms) {
                                        sym = kernel_syms_search(&dd, ksyms[i]);
                                        if (sym)
                                                sprintf(sym_name, "%s", sym->name);
                                        else
                                                sprintf(sym_name, "0x%016llx", ksyms[i]);
                                } else {
                                        strcpy(sym_name, "unknown");
                                }

                                if (func_info) {
                                        record = func_info + i * info->func_info_rec_size;
                                        btf_dumper_type_only(btf, record->type_id,
                                                             func_sig,
                                                             sizeof(func_sig));
                                }

                                if (json_output) {
                                        jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
                                        if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0') {
                                                jsonw_name(json_wtr, "proto");
                                                jsonw_string(json_wtr, func_sig);
                                        }
                                        jsonw_name(json_wtr, "name");
                                        jsonw_string(json_wtr, sym_name);
                                        jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
                                } else {
                                        if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0')
                                                printf("%s:\n", func_sig);
                                        printf("%s:\n", sym_name);
                                }

                                disasm_print_insn(img, lens[i], opcodes,
                                                  name, disasm_opt, btf,
                                                  prog_linfo, ksyms[i], i,
                                                  linum);

                                img += lens[i];

                                if (json_output)
                                        jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
                                else
                                        printf("\n");
                        }

                        if (json_output)
                                jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
                } else {
                        disasm_print_insn(buf, member_len, opcodes, name,
                                          disasm_opt, btf, NULL, 0, 0, false);
                }
        } else if (visual) {
                if (json_output)
                        jsonw_null(json_wtr);
                else
                        dump_xlated_cfg(buf, member_len);
        } else {
                kernel_syms_load(&dd);
                dd.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
                dd.jited_ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
                dd.btf = btf;
                dd.func_info = func_info;
                dd.finfo_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
                dd.prog_linfo = prog_linfo;

                if (json_output)
                        dump_xlated_json(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
                                         linum);
                else
                        dump_xlated_plain(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
                                          linum);
                kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
        }

        btf__free(btf);

        return 0;
}

static int do_dump(int argc, char **argv)
{
        struct bpf_prog_info_linear *info_linear;
        char *filepath = NULL;
        bool opcodes = false;
        bool visual = false;
        enum dump_mode mode;
        bool linum = false;
        int *fds = NULL;
        int nb_fds, i = 0;
        int err = -1;
        __u64 arrays;

        if (is_prefix(*argv, "jited")) {
                if (disasm_init())
                        return -1;
                mode = DUMP_JITED;
        } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "xlated")) {
                mode = DUMP_XLATED;
        } else {
                p_err("expected 'xlated' or 'jited', got: %s", *argv);
                return -1;
        }
        NEXT_ARG();

        if (argc < 2)
                usage();

        fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
        if (!fds) {
                p_err("mem alloc failed");
                return -1;
        }
        nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
        if (nb_fds < 1)
                goto exit_free;

        if (is_prefix(*argv, "file")) {
                NEXT_ARG();
                if (!argc) {
                        p_err("expected file path");
                        goto exit_close;
                }
                if (nb_fds > 1) {
                        p_err("several programs matched");
                        goto exit_close;
                }

                filepath = *argv;
                NEXT_ARG();
        } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "opcodes")) {
                opcodes = true;
                NEXT_ARG();
        } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "visual")) {
                if (nb_fds > 1) {
                        p_err("several programs matched");
                        goto exit_close;
                }

                visual = true;
                NEXT_ARG();
        } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "linum")) {
                linum = true;
                NEXT_ARG();
        }

        if (argc) {
                usage();
                goto exit_close;
        }

        if (mode == DUMP_JITED)
                arrays = 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_INSNS;
        else
                arrays = 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_XLATED_INSNS;

        arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_KSYMS;
        arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_FUNC_LENS;
        arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_FUNC_INFO;
        arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_LINE_INFO;
        arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_LINE_INFO;

        if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
                jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);    /* root array */
        for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
                info_linear = bpf_program__get_prog_info_linear(fds[i], arrays);
                if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(info_linear)) {
                        p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
                        break;
                }

                if (json_output && nb_fds > 1) {
                        jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);   /* prog object */
                        print_prog_header_json(&info_linear->info);
                        jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
                } else if (nb_fds > 1) {
                        print_prog_header_plain(&info_linear->info);
                }

                err = prog_dump(&info_linear->info, mode, filepath, opcodes,
                                visual, linum);

                if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
                        jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);     /* prog object */
                else if (i != nb_fds - 1 && nb_fds > 1)
                        printf("\n");

                free(info_linear);
                if (err)
                        break;
                close(fds[i]);
        }
        if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
                jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);      /* root array */

exit_close:
        for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
                close(fds[i]);
exit_free:
        free(fds);
        return err;
}

static int do_pin(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int err;

        err = do_pin_any(argc, argv, prog_parse_fd);
        if (!err && json_output)
                jsonw_null(json_wtr);
        return err;
}

struct map_replace {
        int idx;
        int fd;
        char *name;
};

static int map_replace_compar(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        const struct map_replace *a = p1, *b = p2;

        return a->idx - b->idx;
}

static int parse_attach_detach_args(int argc, char **argv, int *progfd,
                                    enum bpf_attach_type *attach_type,
                                    int *mapfd)
{
        if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
                return -EINVAL;

        *progfd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
        if (*progfd < 0)
                return *progfd;

        *attach_type = parse_attach_type(*argv);
        if (*attach_type == __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE) {
                p_err("invalid attach/detach type");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (*attach_type == BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR) {
                *mapfd = 0;
                return 0;
        }

        NEXT_ARG();
        if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
                return -EINVAL;

        *mapfd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
        if (*mapfd < 0)
                return *mapfd;

        return 0;
}

static int do_attach(int argc, char **argv)
{
        enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
        int err, progfd;
        int mapfd;

        err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
                                       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
        if (err)
                return err;

        err = bpf_prog_attach(progfd, mapfd, attach_type, 0);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed prog attach to map");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (json_output)
                jsonw_null(json_wtr);
        return 0;
}

static int do_detach(int argc, char **argv)
{
        enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
        int err, progfd;
        int mapfd;

        err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
                                       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);

        if (err)
                return err;

        err = bpf_prog_detach2(progfd, mapfd, attach_type);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed prog detach from map");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (json_output)
                jsonw_null(json_wtr);
        return 0;
}

static int check_single_stdin(char *file_data_in, char *file_ctx_in)
{
        if (file_data_in && file_ctx_in &&
            !strcmp(file_data_in, "-") && !strcmp(file_ctx_in, "-")) {
                p_err("cannot use standard input for both data_in and ctx_in");
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int get_run_data(const char *fname, void **data_ptr, unsigned int *size)
{
        size_t block_size = 256;
        size_t buf_size = block_size;
        size_t nb_read = 0;
        void *tmp;
        FILE *f;

        if (!fname) {
                *data_ptr = NULL;
                *size = 0;
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(fname, "-"))
                f = stdin;
        else
                f = fopen(fname, "r");
        if (!f) {
                p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        *data_ptr = malloc(block_size);
        if (!*data_ptr) {
                p_err("failed to allocate memory for data_in/ctx_in: %s",
                      strerror(errno));
                goto err_fclose;
        }

        while ((nb_read += fread(*data_ptr + nb_read, 1, block_size, f))) {
                if (feof(f))
                        break;
                if (ferror(f)) {
                        p_err("failed to read data_in/ctx_in from %s: %s",
                              fname, strerror(errno));
                        goto err_free;
                }
                if (nb_read > buf_size - block_size) {
                        if (buf_size == UINT32_MAX) {
                                p_err("data_in/ctx_in is too long (max: %d)",
                                      UINT32_MAX);
                                goto err_free;
                        }
                        /* No space for fread()-ing next chunk; realloc() */
                        buf_size *= 2;
                        tmp = realloc(*data_ptr, buf_size);
                        if (!tmp) {
                                p_err("failed to reallocate data_in/ctx_in: %s",
                                      strerror(errno));
                                goto err_free;
                        }
                        *data_ptr = tmp;
                }
        }
        if (f != stdin)
                fclose(f);

        *size = nb_read;
        return 0;

err_free:
        free(*data_ptr);
        *data_ptr = NULL;
err_fclose:
        if (f != stdin)
                fclose(f);
        return -1;
}

static void hex_print(void *data, unsigned int size, FILE *f)
{
        size_t i, j;
        char c;

        for (i = 0; i < size; i += 16) {
                /* Row offset */
                fprintf(f, "%07zx\t", i);

                /* Hexadecimal values */
                for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++)
                        fprintf(f, "%02x%s", *(uint8_t *)(data + j),
                                j % 2 ? " " : "");
                for (; j < i + 16; j++)
                        fprintf(f, "  %s", j % 2 ? " " : "");

                /* ASCII values (if relevant), '.' otherwise */
                fprintf(f, "| ");
                for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++) {
                        c = *(char *)(data + j);
                        if (c < ' ' || c > '~')
                                c = '.';
                        fprintf(f, "%c%s", c, j == i + 7 ? " " : "");
                }

                fprintf(f, "\n");
        }
}

static int
print_run_output(void *data, unsigned int size, const char *fname,
                 const char *json_key)
{
        size_t nb_written;
        FILE *f;

        if (!fname)
                return 0;

        if (!strcmp(fname, "-")) {
                f = stdout;
                if (json_output) {
                        jsonw_name(json_wtr, json_key);
                        print_data_json(data, size);
                } else {
                        hex_print(data, size, f);
                }
                return 0;
        }

        f = fopen(fname, "w");
        if (!f) {
                p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        nb_written = fwrite(data, 1, size, f);
        fclose(f);
        if (nb_written != size) {
                p_err("failed to write output data/ctx: %s", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int alloc_run_data(void **data_ptr, unsigned int size_out)
{
        *data_ptr = calloc(size_out, 1);
        if (!*data_ptr) {
                p_err("failed to allocate memory for output data/ctx: %s",
                      strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int do_run(int argc, char **argv)
{
        char *data_fname_in = NULL, *data_fname_out = NULL;
        char *ctx_fname_in = NULL, *ctx_fname_out = NULL;
        struct bpf_prog_test_run_attr test_attr = {0};
        const unsigned int default_size = SZ_32K;
        void *data_in = NULL, *data_out = NULL;
        void *ctx_in = NULL, *ctx_out = NULL;
        unsigned int repeat = 1;
        int fd, err;

        if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
                return -1;

        fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
        if (fd < 0)
                return -1;

        while (argc) {
                if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "data_in", "data_out",
                                         "data_size_out", NULL))
                        return -1;
                if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in", "ctx_out",
                                         "ctx_size_out", NULL))
                        return -1;

                if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_in")) {
                        NEXT_ARG();
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                return -1;

                        data_fname_in = GET_ARG();
                        if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
                                return -1;
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_out")) {
                        NEXT_ARG();
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                return -1;

                        data_fname_out = GET_ARG();
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_size_out")) {
                        char *endptr;

                        NEXT_ARG();
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                return -1;

                        test_attr.data_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
                        if (*endptr) {
                                p_err("can't parse %s as output data size",
                                      *argv);
                                return -1;
                        }
                        NEXT_ARG();
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in")) {
                        NEXT_ARG();
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                return -1;

                        ctx_fname_in = GET_ARG();
                        if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
                                return -1;
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_out")) {
                        NEXT_ARG();
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                return -1;

                        ctx_fname_out = GET_ARG();
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_size_out")) {
                        char *endptr;

                        NEXT_ARG();
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                return -1;

                        test_attr.ctx_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
                        if (*endptr) {
                                p_err("can't parse %s as output context size",
                                      *argv);
                                return -1;
                        }
                        NEXT_ARG();
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "repeat")) {
                        char *endptr;

                        NEXT_ARG();
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                return -1;

                        repeat = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
                        if (*endptr) {
                                p_err("can't parse %s as repeat number",
                                      *argv);
                                return -1;
                        }
                        NEXT_ARG();
                } else {
                        p_err("expected no more arguments, 'data_in', 'data_out', 'data_size_out', 'ctx_in', 'ctx_out', 'ctx_size_out' or 'repeat', got: '%s'?",
                              *argv);
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        err = get_run_data(data_fname_in, &data_in, &test_attr.data_size_in);
        if (err)
                return -1;

        if (data_in) {
                if (!test_attr.data_size_out)
                        test_attr.data_size_out = default_size;
                err = alloc_run_data(&data_out, test_attr.data_size_out);
                if (err)
                        goto free_data_in;
        }

        err = get_run_data(ctx_fname_in, &ctx_in, &test_attr.ctx_size_in);
        if (err)
                goto free_data_out;

        if (ctx_in) {
                if (!test_attr.ctx_size_out)
                        test_attr.ctx_size_out = default_size;
                err = alloc_run_data(&ctx_out, test_attr.ctx_size_out);
                if (err)
                        goto free_ctx_in;
        }

        test_attr.prog_fd       = fd;
        test_attr.repeat        = repeat;
        test_attr.data_in       = data_in;
        test_attr.data_out      = data_out;
        test_attr.ctx_in        = ctx_in;
        test_attr.ctx_out       = ctx_out;

        err = bpf_prog_test_run_xattr(&test_attr);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed to run program: %s", strerror(errno));
                goto free_ctx_out;
        }

        err = 0;

        if (json_output)
                jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);   /* root */

        /* Do not exit on errors occurring when printing output data/context,
         * we still want to print return value and duration for program run.
         */
        if (test_attr.data_size_out)
                err += print_run_output(test_attr.data_out,
                                        test_attr.data_size_out,
                                        data_fname_out, "data_out");
        if (test_attr.ctx_size_out)
                err += print_run_output(test_attr.ctx_out,
                                        test_attr.ctx_size_out,
                                        ctx_fname_out, "ctx_out");

        if (json_output) {
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "retval", test_attr.retval);
                jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "duration", test_attr.duration);
                jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);     /* root */
        } else {
                fprintf(stdout, "Return value: %u, duration%s: %uns\n",
                        test_attr.retval,
                        repeat > 1 ? " (average)" : "", test_attr.duration);
        }

free_ctx_out:
        free(ctx_out);
free_ctx_in:
        free(ctx_in);
free_data_out:
        free(data_out);
free_data_in:
        free(data_in);

        return err;
}

static int
get_prog_type_by_name(const char *name, enum bpf_prog_type *prog_type,
                      enum bpf_attach_type *expected_attach_type)
{
        libbpf_print_fn_t print_backup;
        int ret;

        ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
        if (!ret)
                return ret;

        /* libbpf_prog_type_by_name() failed, let's re-run with debug level */
        print_backup = libbpf_set_print(print_all_levels);
        ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
        libbpf_set_print(print_backup);

        return ret;
}

static int load_with_options(int argc, char **argv, bool first_prog_only)
{
        enum bpf_prog_type common_prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
        DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts,
                .relaxed_maps = relaxed_maps,
        );
        struct bpf_object_load_attr load_attr = { 0 };
        enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
        struct map_replace *map_replace = NULL;
        struct bpf_program *prog = NULL, *pos;
        unsigned int old_map_fds = 0;
        const char *pinmaps = NULL;
        struct bpf_object *obj;
        struct bpf_map *map;
        const char *pinfile;
        unsigned int i, j;
        __u32 ifindex = 0;
        const char *file;
        int idx, err;


        if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
                return -1;
        file = GET_ARG();
        pinfile = GET_ARG();

        while (argc) {
                if (is_prefix(*argv, "type")) {
                        char *type;

                        NEXT_ARG();

                        if (common_prog_type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
                                p_err("program type already specified");
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                        }
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;

                        /* Put a '/' at the end of type to appease libbpf */
                        type = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2);
                        if (!type) {
                                p_err("mem alloc failed");
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                        }
                        *type = 0;
                        strcat(type, *argv);
                        strcat(type, "/");

                        err = get_prog_type_by_name(type, &common_prog_type,
                                                    &expected_attach_type);
                        free(type);
                        if (err < 0)
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;

                        NEXT_ARG();
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "map")) {
                        void *new_map_replace;
                        char *endptr, *name;
                        int fd;

                        NEXT_ARG();

                        if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;

                        if (is_prefix(*argv, "idx")) {
                                NEXT_ARG();

                                idx = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
                                if (*endptr) {
                                        p_err("can't parse %s as IDX", *argv);
                                        goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                                }
                                name = NULL;
                        } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "name")) {
                                NEXT_ARG();

                                name = *argv;
                                idx = -1;
                        } else {
                                p_err("expected 'idx' or 'name', got: '%s'?",
                                      *argv);
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                        }
                        NEXT_ARG();

                        fd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
                        if (fd < 0)
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;

                        new_map_replace = reallocarray(map_replace,
                                                       old_map_fds + 1,
                                                       sizeof(*map_replace));
                        if (!new_map_replace) {
                                p_err("mem alloc failed");
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                        }
                        map_replace = new_map_replace;

                        map_replace[old_map_fds].idx = idx;
                        map_replace[old_map_fds].name = name;
                        map_replace[old_map_fds].fd = fd;
                        old_map_fds++;
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "dev")) {
                        NEXT_ARG();

                        if (ifindex) {
                                p_err("offload device already specified");
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                        }
                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;

                        ifindex = if_nametoindex(*argv);
                        if (!ifindex) {
                                p_err("unrecognized netdevice '%s': %s",
                                      *argv, strerror(errno));
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                        }
                        NEXT_ARG();
                } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "pinmaps")) {
                        NEXT_ARG();

                        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                                goto err_free_reuse_maps;

                        pinmaps = GET_ARG();
                } else {
                        p_err("expected no more arguments, 'type', 'map' or 'dev', got: '%s'?",
                              *argv);
                        goto err_free_reuse_maps;
                }
        }

        set_max_rlimit();

        obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
        if (libbpf_get_error(obj)) {
                p_err("failed to open object file");
                goto err_free_reuse_maps;
        }

        bpf_object__for_each_program(pos, obj) {
                enum bpf_prog_type prog_type = common_prog_type;

                if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
                        const char *sec_name = bpf_program__section_name(pos);

                        err = get_prog_type_by_name(sec_name, &prog_type,
                                                    &expected_attach_type);
                        if (err < 0)
                                goto err_close_obj;
                }

                bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, ifindex);
                bpf_program__set_type(pos, prog_type);
                bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(pos, expected_attach_type);
        }

        qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
              map_replace_compar);

        /* After the sort maps by name will be first on the list, because they
         * have idx == -1.  Resolve them.
         */
        j = 0;
        while (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].name) {
                i = 0;
                bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
                        if (!strcmp(bpf_map__name(map), map_replace[j].name)) {
                                map_replace[j].idx = i;
                                break;
                        }
                        i++;
                }
                if (map_replace[j].idx == -1) {
                        p_err("unable to find map '%s'", map_replace[j].name);
                        goto err_close_obj;
                }
                j++;
        }
        /* Resort if any names were resolved */
        if (j)
                qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
                      map_replace_compar);

        /* Set ifindex and name reuse */
        j = 0;
        idx = 0;
        bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
                if (!bpf_map__is_offload_neutral(map))
                        bpf_map__set_ifindex(map, ifindex);

                if (j < old_map_fds && idx == map_replace[j].idx) {
                        err = bpf_map__reuse_fd(map, map_replace[j++].fd);
                        if (err) {
                                p_err("unable to set up map reuse: %d", err);
                                goto err_close_obj;
                        }

                        /* Next reuse wants to apply to the same map */
                        if (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].idx == idx) {
                                p_err("replacement for map idx %d specified more than once",
                                      idx);
                                goto err_close_obj;
                        }
                }

                idx++;
        }
        if (j < old_map_fds) {
                p_err("map idx '%d' not used", map_replace[j].idx);
                goto err_close_obj;
        }

        load_attr.obj = obj;
        if (verifier_logs)
                /* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
                load_attr.log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;

        err = bpf_object__load_xattr(&load_attr);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed to load object file");
                goto err_close_obj;
        }

        err = mount_bpffs_for_pin(pinfile);
        if (err)
                goto err_close_obj;

        if (first_prog_only) {
                prog = bpf_program__next(NULL, obj);
                if (!prog) {
                        p_err("object file doesn't contain any bpf program");
                        goto err_close_obj;
                }

                err = bpf_obj_pin(bpf_program__fd(prog), pinfile);
                if (err) {
                        p_err("failed to pin program %s",
                              bpf_program__section_name(prog));
                        goto err_close_obj;
                }
        } else {
                err = bpf_object__pin_programs(obj, pinfile);
                if (err) {
                        p_err("failed to pin all programs");
                        goto err_close_obj;
                }
        }

        if (pinmaps) {
                err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, pinmaps);
                if (err) {
                        p_err("failed to pin all maps");
                        goto err_unpin;
                }
        }

        if (json_output)
                jsonw_null(json_wtr);

        bpf_object__close(obj);
        for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
                close(map_replace[i].fd);
        free(map_replace);

        return 0;

err_unpin:
        if (first_prog_only)
                unlink(pinfile);
        else
                bpf_object__unpin_programs(obj, pinfile);
err_close_obj:
        bpf_object__close(obj);
err_free_reuse_maps:
        for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
                close(map_replace[i].fd);
        free(map_replace);
        return -1;
}

static int count_open_fds(void)
{
        DIR *dp = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
        struct dirent *de;
        int cnt = -3;

        if (!dp)
                return -1;

        while ((de = readdir(dp)))
                cnt++;

        closedir(dp);
        return cnt;
}

static int try_loader(struct gen_loader_opts *gen)
{
        struct bpf_load_and_run_opts opts = {};
        struct bpf_loader_ctx *ctx;
        int ctx_sz = sizeof(*ctx) + 64 * max(sizeof(struct bpf_map_desc),
                                             sizeof(struct bpf_prog_desc));
        int log_buf_sz = (1u << 24) - 1;
        int err, fds_before, fd_delta;
        char *log_buf;

        ctx = alloca(ctx_sz);
        memset(ctx, 0, ctx_sz);
        ctx->sz = ctx_sz;
        ctx->log_level = 1;
        ctx->log_size = log_buf_sz;
        log_buf = malloc(log_buf_sz);
        if (!log_buf)
                return -ENOMEM;
        ctx->log_buf = (long) log_buf;
        opts.ctx = ctx;
        opts.data = gen->data;
        opts.data_sz = gen->data_sz;
        opts.insns = gen->insns;
        opts.insns_sz = gen->insns_sz;
        fds_before = count_open_fds();
        err = bpf_load_and_run(&opts);
        fd_delta = count_open_fds() - fds_before;
        if (err < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "err %d\n%s\n%s", err, opts.errstr, log_buf);
                if (fd_delta)
                        fprintf(stderr, "loader prog leaked %d FDs\n",
                                fd_delta);
        }
        free(log_buf);
        return err;
}

static int do_loader(int argc, char **argv)
{
        DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts);
        DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(gen_loader_opts, gen);
        struct bpf_object_load_attr load_attr = {};
        struct bpf_object *obj;
        const char *file;
        int err = 0;

        if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
                return -1;
        file = GET_ARG();

        obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
        if (libbpf_get_error(obj)) {
                p_err("failed to open object file");
                goto err_close_obj;
        }

        err = bpf_object__gen_loader(obj, &gen);
        if (err)
                goto err_close_obj;

        load_attr.obj = obj;
        if (verifier_logs)
                /* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
                load_attr.log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;

        err = bpf_object__load_xattr(&load_attr);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed to load object file");
                goto err_close_obj;
        }

        if (verifier_logs) {
                struct dump_data dd = {};

                kernel_syms_load(&dd);
                dump_xlated_plain(&dd, (void *)gen.insns, gen.insns_sz, false, false);
                kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
        }
        err = try_loader(&gen);
err_close_obj:
        bpf_object__close(obj);
        return err;
}

static int do_load(int argc, char **argv)
{
        if (use_loader)
                return do_loader(argc, argv);
        return load_with_options(argc, argv, true);
}

static int do_loadall(int argc, char **argv)
{
        return load_with_options(argc, argv, false);
}

#ifdef BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS

static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
{
        p_err("bpftool prog profile command is not supported. Please build bpftool with clang >= 10.0.0");
        return 0;
}

#else /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */

#include "profiler.skel.h"

struct profile_metric {
        const char *name;
        struct bpf_perf_event_value val;
        struct perf_event_attr attr;
        bool selected;

        /* calculate ratios like instructions per cycle */
        const int ratio_metric; /* 0 for N/A, 1 for index 0 (cycles) */
        const char *ratio_desc;
        const float ratio_mul;
} metrics[] = {
        {
                .name = "cycles",
                .attr = {
                        .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
                        .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
                        .exclude_user = 1,
                },
        },
        {
                .name = "instructions",
                .attr = {
                        .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
                        .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS,
                        .exclude_user = 1,
                },
                .ratio_metric = 1,
                .ratio_desc = "insns per cycle",
                .ratio_mul = 1.0,
        },
        {
                .name = "l1d_loads",
                .attr = {
                        .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
                        .config =
                                PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS << 16),
                        .exclude_user = 1,
                },
        },
        {
                .name = "llc_misses",
                .attr = {
                        .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
                        .config =
                                PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
                        .exclude_user = 1
                },
                .ratio_metric = 2,
                .ratio_desc = "LLC misses per million insns",
                .ratio_mul = 1e6,
        },
        {
                .name = "itlb_misses",
                .attr = {
                        .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
                        .config =
                                PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
                        .exclude_user = 1
                },
                .ratio_metric = 2,
                .ratio_desc = "itlb misses per million insns",
                .ratio_mul = 1e6,
        },
        {
                .name = "dtlb_misses",
                .attr = {
                        .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
                        .config =
                                PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
                                (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
                        .exclude_user = 1
                },
                .ratio_metric = 2,
                .ratio_desc = "dtlb misses per million insns",
                .ratio_mul = 1e6,
        },
};

static __u64 profile_total_count;

#define MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS 4

static int profile_parse_metrics(int argc, char **argv)
{
        unsigned int metric_cnt;
        int selected_cnt = 0;
        unsigned int i;

        metric_cnt = sizeof(metrics) / sizeof(struct profile_metric);

        while (argc > 0) {
                for (i = 0; i < metric_cnt; i++) {
                        if (is_prefix(argv[0], metrics[i].name)) {
                                if (!metrics[i].selected)
                                        selected_cnt++;
                                metrics[i].selected = true;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (i == metric_cnt) {
                        p_err("unknown metric %s", argv[0]);
                        return -1;
                }
                NEXT_ARG();
        }
        if (selected_cnt > MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS) {
                p_err("too many (%d) metrics, please specify no more than %d metrics at at time",
                      selected_cnt, MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS);
                return -1;
        }
        return selected_cnt;
}

static void profile_read_values(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
{
        __u32 m, cpu, num_cpu = obj->rodata->num_cpu;
        int reading_map_fd, count_map_fd;
        __u64 counts[num_cpu];
        __u32 key = 0;
        int err;

        reading_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.accum_readings);
        count_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.counts);
        if (reading_map_fd < 0 || count_map_fd < 0) {
                p_err("failed to get fd for map");
                return;
        }

        err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(count_map_fd, &key, counts);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed to read count_map: %s", strerror(errno));
                return;
        }

        profile_total_count = 0;
        for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++)
                profile_total_count += counts[cpu];

        for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
                struct bpf_perf_event_value values[num_cpu];

                if (!metrics[m].selected)
                        continue;

                err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(reading_map_fd, &key, values);
                if (err) {
                        p_err("failed to read reading_map: %s",
                              strerror(errno));
                        return;
                }
                for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++) {
                        metrics[m].val.counter += values[cpu].counter;
                        metrics[m].val.enabled += values[cpu].enabled;
                        metrics[m].val.running += values[cpu].running;
                }
                key++;
        }
}

static void profile_print_readings_json(void)
{
        __u32 m;

        jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
        for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
                if (!metrics[m].selected)
                        continue;
                jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
                jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "metric", metrics[m].name);
                jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", profile_total_count);
                jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "value", metrics[m].val.counter);
                jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "enabled", metrics[m].val.enabled);
                jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "running", metrics[m].val.running);

                jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
        }
        jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
}

static void profile_print_readings_plain(void)
{
        __u32 m;

        printf("\n%18llu %-20s\n", profile_total_count, "run_cnt");
        for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
                struct bpf_perf_event_value *val = &metrics[m].val;
                int r;

                if (!metrics[m].selected)
                        continue;
                printf("%18llu %-20s", val->counter, metrics[m].name);

                r = metrics[m].ratio_metric - 1;
                if (r >= 0 && metrics[r].selected &&
                    metrics[r].val.counter > 0) {
                        printf("# %8.2f %-30s",
                               val->counter * metrics[m].ratio_mul /
                               metrics[r].val.counter,
                               metrics[m].ratio_desc);
                } else {
                        printf("%-41s", "");
                }

                if (val->enabled > val->running)
                        printf("(%4.2f%%)",
                               val->running * 100.0 / val->enabled);
                printf("\n");
        }
}

static void profile_print_readings(void)
{
        if (json_output)
                profile_print_readings_json();

        else
                profile_print_readings_plain();
}

static char *profile_target_name(int tgt_fd)
{
        struct bpf_prog_info_linear *info_linear;
        struct bpf_func_info *func_info;
        const struct btf_type *t;
        struct btf *btf = NULL;
        char *name = NULL;

        info_linear = bpf_program__get_prog_info_linear(
                tgt_fd, 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_FUNC_INFO);
        if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(info_linear)) {
                p_err("failed to get info_linear for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
                return NULL;
        }

        if (info_linear->info.btf_id == 0) {
                p_err("prog FD %d doesn't have valid btf", tgt_fd);
                goto out;
        }

        btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info_linear->info.btf_id);
        if (libbpf_get_error(btf)) {
                p_err("failed to load btf for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
                goto out;
        }

        func_info = u64_to_ptr(info_linear->info.func_info);
        t = btf__type_by_id(btf, func_info[0].type_id);
        if (!t) {
                p_err("btf %d doesn't have type %d",
                      info_linear->info.btf_id, func_info[0].type_id);
                goto out;
        }
        name = strdup(btf__name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
out:
        btf__free(btf);
        free(info_linear);
        return name;
}

static struct profiler_bpf *profile_obj;
static int profile_tgt_fd = -1;
static char *profile_tgt_name;
static int *profile_perf_events;
static int profile_perf_event_cnt;

static void profile_close_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
{
        int i;

        for (i = profile_perf_event_cnt - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                close(profile_perf_events[i]);

        free(profile_perf_events);
        profile_perf_event_cnt = 0;
}

static int profile_open_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
{
        unsigned int cpu, m;
        int map_fd, pmu_fd;

        profile_perf_events = calloc(
                sizeof(int), obj->rodata->num_cpu * obj->rodata->num_metric);
        if (!profile_perf_events) {
                p_err("failed to allocate memory for perf_event array: %s",
                      strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }
        map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.events);
        if (map_fd < 0) {
                p_err("failed to get fd for events map");
                return -1;
        }

        for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
                if (!metrics[m].selected)
                        continue;
                for (cpu = 0; cpu < obj->rodata->num_cpu; cpu++) {
                        pmu_fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &metrics[m].attr,
                                         -1/*pid*/, cpu, -1/*group_fd*/, 0);
                        if (pmu_fd < 0 ||
                            bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd, &profile_perf_event_cnt,
                                                &pmu_fd, BPF_ANY) ||
                            ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0)) {
                                p_err("failed to create event %s on cpu %d",
                                      metrics[m].name, cpu);
                                return -1;
                        }
                        profile_perf_events[profile_perf_event_cnt++] = pmu_fd;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

static void profile_print_and_cleanup(void)
{
        profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
        profile_read_values(profile_obj);
        profile_print_readings();
        profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);

        close(profile_tgt_fd);
        free(profile_tgt_name);
}

static void int_exit(int signo)
{
        profile_print_and_cleanup();
        exit(0);
}

static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int num_metric, num_cpu, err = -1;
        struct bpf_program *prog;
        unsigned long duration;
        char *endptr;

        /* we at least need two args for the prog and one metric */
        if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
                return -EINVAL;

        /* parse target fd */
        profile_tgt_fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
        if (profile_tgt_fd < 0) {
                p_err("failed to parse fd");
                return -1;
        }

        /* parse profiling optional duration */
        if (argc > 2 && is_prefix(argv[0], "duration")) {
                NEXT_ARG();
                duration = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
                if (*endptr)
                        usage();
                NEXT_ARG();
        } else {
                duration = UINT_MAX;
        }

        num_metric = profile_parse_metrics(argc, argv);
        if (num_metric <= 0)
                goto out;

        num_cpu = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
        if (num_cpu <= 0) {
                p_err("failed to identify number of CPUs");
                goto out;
        }

        profile_obj = profiler_bpf__open();
        if (!profile_obj) {
                p_err("failed to open and/or load BPF object");
                goto out;
        }

        profile_obj->rodata->num_cpu = num_cpu;
        profile_obj->rodata->num_metric = num_metric;

        /* adjust map sizes */
        bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.events, num_metric * num_cpu);
        bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.fentry_readings, num_metric);
        bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.accum_readings, num_metric);
        bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.counts, 1);

        /* change target name */
        profile_tgt_name = profile_target_name(profile_tgt_fd);
        if (!profile_tgt_name)
                goto out;

        bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, profile_obj->obj) {
                err = bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, profile_tgt_fd,
                                                     profile_tgt_name);
                if (err) {
                        p_err("failed to set attach target\n");
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        set_max_rlimit();
        err = profiler_bpf__load(profile_obj);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed to load profile_obj");
                goto out;
        }

        err = profile_open_perf_events(profile_obj);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        err = profiler_bpf__attach(profile_obj);
        if (err) {
                p_err("failed to attach profile_obj");
                goto out;
        }
        signal(SIGINT, int_exit);

        sleep(duration);
        profile_print_and_cleanup();
        return 0;

out:
        profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
        if (profile_obj)
                profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
        close(profile_tgt_fd);
        free(profile_tgt_name);
        return err;
}

#endif /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */

static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
{
        if (json_output) {
                jsonw_null(json_wtr);
                return 0;
        }

        fprintf(stderr,
                "Usage: %1$s %2$s { show | list } [PROG]\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s dump xlated PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | visual | linum }]\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s dump jited  PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | linum }]\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s pin   PROG FILE\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s { load | loadall } OBJ  PATH \\\n"
                "                         [type TYPE] [dev NAME] \\\n"
                "                         [map { idx IDX | name NAME } MAP]\\\n"
                "                         [pinmaps MAP_DIR]\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s attach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s detach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s run PROG \\\n"
                "                         data_in FILE \\\n"
                "                         [data_out FILE [data_size_out L]] \\\n"
                "                         [ctx_in FILE [ctx_out FILE [ctx_size_out M]]] \\\n"
                "                         [repeat N]\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s profile PROG [duration DURATION] METRICs\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s tracelog\n"
                "       %1$s %2$s help\n"
                "\n"
                "       " HELP_SPEC_MAP "\n"
                "       " HELP_SPEC_PROGRAM "\n"
                "       TYPE := { socket | kprobe | kretprobe | classifier | action |\n"
                "                 tracepoint | raw_tracepoint | xdp | perf_event | cgroup/skb |\n"
                "                 cgroup/sock | cgroup/dev | lwt_in | lwt_out | lwt_xmit |\n"
                "                 lwt_seg6local | sockops | sk_skb | sk_msg | lirc_mode2 |\n"
                "                 sk_reuseport | flow_dissector | cgroup/sysctl |\n"
                "                 cgroup/bind4 | cgroup/bind6 | cgroup/post_bind4 |\n"
                "                 cgroup/post_bind6 | cgroup/connect4 | cgroup/connect6 |\n"
                "                 cgroup/getpeername4 | cgroup/getpeername6 |\n"
                "                 cgroup/getsockname4 | cgroup/getsockname6 | cgroup/sendmsg4 |\n"
                "                 cgroup/sendmsg6 | cgroup/recvmsg4 | cgroup/recvmsg6 |\n"
                "                 cgroup/getsockopt | cgroup/setsockopt | cgroup/sock_release |\n"
                "                 struct_ops | fentry | fexit | freplace | sk_lookup }\n"
                "       ATTACH_TYPE := { msg_verdict | skb_verdict | stream_verdict |\n"
                "                        stream_parser | flow_dissector }\n"
                "       METRIC := { cycles | instructions | l1d_loads | llc_misses | itlb_misses | dtlb_misses }\n"
                "       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " |\n"
                "                    {-f|--bpffs} | {-m|--mapcompat} | {-n|--nomount} |\n"
                "                    {-L|--use-loader} }\n"
                "",
                bin_name, argv[-2]);

        return 0;
}

static const struct cmd cmds[] = {
        { "show",       do_show },
        { "list",       do_show },
        { "help",       do_help },
        { "dump",       do_dump },
        { "pin",        do_pin },
        { "load",       do_load },
        { "loadall",    do_loadall },
        { "attach",     do_attach },
        { "detach",     do_detach },
        { "tracelog",   do_tracelog },
        { "run",        do_run },
        { "profile",    do_profile },
        { 0 }
};

int do_prog(int argc, char **argv)
{
        return cmd_select(cmds, argc, argv, do_help);
}