/*
 * QEMU System Emulator
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "qemu/cutils.h"
#include "monitor/monitor.h"
#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "qemu/timer.h"
#include "sysemu/char.h"
#include "hw/usb.h"
#include "qmp-commands.h"
#include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
#include "qapi-visit.h"
#include "qemu/base64.h"
#include "io/channel-socket.h"
#include "io/channel-file.h"
#include "io/channel-tls.h"
#include "sysemu/replay.h"
#include "qemu/help_option.h"

#include <zlib.h>

#ifndef _WIN32
#include <sys/times.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_BSD
#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
#include <dev/ppbus/ppi.h>
#include <dev/ppbus/ppbconf.h>
#elif defined(__DragonFly__)
#include <dev/misc/ppi/ppi.h>
#include <bus/ppbus/ppbconf.h>
#endif
#else
#ifdef __linux__
#include <linux/ppdev.h>
#include <linux/parport.h>
#endif
#ifdef __sun__
#include <sys/ethernet.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <netinet/arp.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> // must come after ip.h
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#endif
#endif
#endif

#include "qemu/sockets.h"
#include "ui/qemu-spice.h"

#define READ_BUF_LEN 4096
#define READ_RETRIES 10
#define TCP_MAX_FDS 16

typedef struct MuxDriver MuxDriver;

/***********************************************************/
/* Socket address helpers */

static char *SocketAddress_to_str(const char *prefix, SocketAddress *addr,
                                  bool is_listen, bool is_telnet)
{
    switch (addr->type) {
    case SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_INET:
        return g_strdup_printf("%s%s:%s:%s%s", prefix,
                               is_telnet ? "telnet" : "tcp",
                               addr->u.inet.data->host,
                               addr->u.inet.data->port,
                               is_listen ? ",server" : "");
        break;
    case SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_UNIX:
        return g_strdup_printf("%sunix:%s%s", prefix,
                               addr->u.q_unix.data->path,
                               is_listen ? ",server" : "");
        break;
    case SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_FD:
        return g_strdup_printf("%sfd:%s%s", prefix, addr->u.fd.data->str,
                               is_listen ? ",server" : "");
        break;
    default:
        abort();
    }
}

static char *sockaddr_to_str(struct sockaddr_storage *ss, socklen_t ss_len,
                             struct sockaddr_storage *ps, socklen_t ps_len,
                             bool is_listen, bool is_telnet)
{
    char shost[NI_MAXHOST], sserv[NI_MAXSERV];
    char phost[NI_MAXHOST], pserv[NI_MAXSERV];
    const char *left = "", *right = "";

    switch (ss->ss_family) {
#ifndef _WIN32
    case AF_UNIX:
        return g_strdup_printf("unix:%s%s",
                               ((struct sockaddr_un *)(ss))->sun_path,
                               is_listen ? ",server" : "");
#endif
    case AF_INET6:
        left  = "[";
        right = "]";
        /* fall through */
    case AF_INET:
        getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) ss, ss_len, shost, sizeof(shost),
                    sserv, sizeof(sserv), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
        getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) ps, ps_len, phost, sizeof(phost),
                    pserv, sizeof(pserv), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
        return g_strdup_printf("%s:%s%s%s:%s%s <-> %s%s%s:%s",
                               is_telnet ? "telnet" : "tcp",
                               left, shost, right, sserv,
                               is_listen ? ",server" : "",
                               left, phost, right, pserv);

    default:
        return g_strdup_printf("unknown");
    }
}

/***********************************************************/
/* character device */

static QTAILQ_HEAD(CharDriverStateHead, CharDriverState) chardevs =
    QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(chardevs);

static void qemu_chr_free_common(CharDriverState *chr);

CharDriverState *qemu_chr_alloc(ChardevCommon *backend, Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = g_malloc0(sizeof(CharDriverState));
    qemu_mutex_init(&chr->chr_write_lock);

    if (backend->has_logfile) {
        int flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT;
        if (backend->has_logappend &&
            backend->logappend) {
            flags |= O_APPEND;
        } else {
            flags |= O_TRUNC;
        }
        chr->logfd = qemu_open(backend->logfile, flags, 0666);
        if (chr->logfd < 0) {
            error_setg_errno(errp, errno,
                             "Unable to open logfile %s",
                             backend->logfile);
            g_free(chr);
            return NULL;
        }
    } else {
        chr->logfd = -1;
    }

    return chr;
}

void qemu_chr_be_event(CharDriverState *s, int event)
{
    CharBackend *be = s->be;

    /* Keep track if the char device is open */
    switch (event) {
        case CHR_EVENT_OPENED:
            s->be_open = 1;
            break;
        case CHR_EVENT_CLOSED:
            s->be_open = 0;
            break;
    }

    if (!be || !be->chr_event) {
        return;
    }

    be->chr_event(be->opaque, event);
}

void qemu_chr_be_generic_open(CharDriverState *s)
{
    qemu_chr_be_event(s, CHR_EVENT_OPENED);
}


/* Not reporting errors from writing to logfile, as logs are
 * defined to be "best effort" only */
static void qemu_chr_fe_write_log(CharDriverState *s,
                                  const uint8_t *buf, size_t len)
{
    size_t done = 0;
    ssize_t ret;

    if (s->logfd < 0) {
        return;
    }

    while (done < len) {
    retry:
        ret = write(s->logfd, buf + done, len - done);
        if (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN) {
            g_usleep(100);
            goto retry;
        }

        if (ret <= 0) {
            return;
        }
        done += ret;
    }
}

static int qemu_chr_fe_write_buffer(CharDriverState *s, const uint8_t *buf, int len, int *offset)
{
    int res = 0;
    *offset = 0;

    qemu_mutex_lock(&s->chr_write_lock);
    while (*offset < len) {
    retry:
        res = s->chr_write(s, buf + *offset, len - *offset);
        if (res < 0 && errno == EAGAIN) {
            g_usleep(100);
            goto retry;
        }

        if (res <= 0) {
            break;
        }

        *offset += res;
    }
    if (*offset > 0) {
        qemu_chr_fe_write_log(s, buf, *offset);
    }
    qemu_mutex_unlock(&s->chr_write_lock);

    return res;
}

int qemu_chr_fe_write(CharBackend *be, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;
    int ret;

    if (!s) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (s->replay && replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_PLAY) {
        int offset;
        replay_char_write_event_load(&ret, &offset);
        assert(offset <= len);
        qemu_chr_fe_write_buffer(s, buf, offset, &offset);
        return ret;
    }

    qemu_mutex_lock(&s->chr_write_lock);
    ret = s->chr_write(s, buf, len);

    if (ret > 0) {
        qemu_chr_fe_write_log(s, buf, ret);
    }

    qemu_mutex_unlock(&s->chr_write_lock);
    
    if (s->replay && replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_RECORD) {
        replay_char_write_event_save(ret, ret < 0 ? 0 : ret);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

static int qemu_chr_write_all(CharDriverState *s, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    int offset;
    int res;

    if (s->replay && replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_PLAY) {
        replay_char_write_event_load(&res, &offset);
        assert(offset <= len);
        qemu_chr_fe_write_buffer(s, buf, offset, &offset);
        return res;
    }

    res = qemu_chr_fe_write_buffer(s, buf, len, &offset);

    if (s->replay && replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_RECORD) {
        replay_char_write_event_save(res, offset);
    }

    if (res < 0) {
        return res;
    }
    return offset;
}

int qemu_chr_fe_write_all(CharBackend *be, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;

    if (!s) {
        return 0;
    }

    return qemu_chr_write_all(s, buf, len);
}

int qemu_chr_fe_read_all(CharBackend *be, uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;
    int offset = 0, counter = 10;
    int res;

    if (!s || !s->chr_sync_read) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (s->replay && replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_PLAY) {
        return replay_char_read_all_load(buf);
    }

    while (offset < len) {
    retry:
        res = s->chr_sync_read(s, buf + offset, len - offset);
        if (res == -1 && errno == EAGAIN) {
            g_usleep(100);
            goto retry;
        }

        if (res == 0) {
            break;
        }

        if (res < 0) {
            if (s->replay && replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_RECORD) {
                replay_char_read_all_save_error(res);
            }
            return res;
        }

        offset += res;

        if (!counter--) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (s->replay && replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_RECORD) {
        replay_char_read_all_save_buf(buf, offset);
    }
    return offset;
}

int qemu_chr_fe_ioctl(CharBackend *be, int cmd, void *arg)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;
    int res;

    if (!s || !s->chr_ioctl || s->replay) {
        res = -ENOTSUP;
    } else {
        res = s->chr_ioctl(s, cmd, arg);
    }

    return res;
}

int qemu_chr_be_can_write(CharDriverState *s)
{
    CharBackend *be = s->be;

    if (!be || !be->chr_can_read) {
        return 0;
    }

    return be->chr_can_read(be->opaque);
}

void qemu_chr_be_write_impl(CharDriverState *s, uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    CharBackend *be = s->be;

    if (be && be->chr_read) {
        be->chr_read(be->opaque, buf, len);
    }
}

void qemu_chr_be_write(CharDriverState *s, uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    if (s->replay) {
        if (replay_mode == REPLAY_MODE_PLAY) {
            return;
        }
        replay_chr_be_write(s, buf, len);
    } else {
        qemu_chr_be_write_impl(s, buf, len);
    }
}

int qemu_chr_fe_get_msgfd(CharBackend *be)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;
    int fd;
    int res = (qemu_chr_fe_get_msgfds(be, &fd, 1) == 1) ? fd : -1;
    if (s && s->replay) {
        fprintf(stderr,
                "Replay: get msgfd is not supported for serial devices yet\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    return res;
}

int qemu_chr_fe_get_msgfds(CharBackend *be, int *fds, int len)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;

    if (!s) {
        return -1;
    }

    return s->get_msgfds ? s->get_msgfds(s, fds, len) : -1;
}

int qemu_chr_fe_set_msgfds(CharBackend *be, int *fds, int num)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;

    if (!s) {
        return -1;
    }

    return s->set_msgfds ? s->set_msgfds(s, fds, num) : -1;
}

int qemu_chr_add_client(CharDriverState *s, int fd)
{
    return s->chr_add_client ? s->chr_add_client(s, fd) : -1;
}

void qemu_chr_fe_accept_input(CharBackend *be)
{
    CharDriverState *s = be->chr;

    if (!s) {
        return;
    }

    if (s->chr_accept_input)
        s->chr_accept_input(s);
    qemu_notify_event();
}

void qemu_chr_fe_printf(CharBackend *be, const char *fmt, ...)
{
    char buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
    /* XXX this blocks entire thread. Rewrite to use
     * qemu_chr_fe_write and background I/O callbacks */
    qemu_chr_fe_write_all(be, (uint8_t *)buf, strlen(buf));
    va_end(ap);
}

static void remove_fd_in_watch(CharDriverState *chr);
static void mux_chr_set_handlers(CharDriverState *chr, GMainContext *context);
static void mux_set_focus(CharDriverState *chr, int focus);

static int null_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    return len;
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_null(const char *id,
                                           ChardevBackend *backend,
                                           ChardevReturn *ret,
                                           bool *be_opened,
                                           Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;
    ChardevCommon *common = backend->u.null.data;

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(common, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    chr->chr_write = null_chr_write;
    *be_opened = false;
    return chr;
}

/* MUX driver for serial I/O splitting */
#define MAX_MUX 4
#define MUX_BUFFER_SIZE 32      /* Must be a power of 2.  */
#define MUX_BUFFER_MASK (MUX_BUFFER_SIZE - 1)
struct MuxDriver {
    CharBackend *backends[MAX_MUX];
    CharBackend chr;
    int focus;
    int mux_cnt;
    int term_got_escape;
    int max_size;
    /* Intermediate input buffer allows to catch escape sequences even if the
       currently active device is not accepting any input - but only until it
       is full as well. */
    unsigned char buffer[MAX_MUX][MUX_BUFFER_SIZE];
    int prod[MAX_MUX];
    int cons[MAX_MUX];
    int timestamps;

    /* Protected by the CharDriverState chr_write_lock.  */
    int linestart;
    int64_t timestamps_start;
};

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static int mux_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
    int ret;
    if (!d->timestamps) {
        ret = qemu_chr_fe_write(&d->chr, buf, len);
    } else {
        int i;

        ret = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (d->linestart) {
                char buf1[64];
                int64_t ti;
                int secs;

                ti = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
                if (d->timestamps_start == -1)
                    d->timestamps_start = ti;
                ti -= d->timestamps_start;
                secs = ti / 1000;
                snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1),
                         "[%02d:%02d:%02d.%03d] ",
                         secs / 3600,
                         (secs / 60) % 60,
                         secs % 60,
                         (int)(ti % 1000));
                /* XXX this blocks entire thread. Rewrite to use
                 * qemu_chr_fe_write and background I/O callbacks */
                qemu_chr_fe_write_all(&d->chr,
                                      (uint8_t *)buf1, strlen(buf1));
                d->linestart = 0;
            }
            ret += qemu_chr_fe_write(&d->chr, buf + i, 1);
            if (buf[i] == '\n') {
                d->linestart = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static const char * const mux_help[] = {
    "% h    print this help\n\r",
    "% x    exit emulator\n\r",
    "% s    save disk data back to file (if -snapshot)\n\r",
    "% t    toggle console timestamps\n\r",
    "% b    send break (magic sysrq)\n\r",
    "% c    switch between console and monitor\n\r",
    "% %  sends %\n\r",
    NULL
};

int term_escape_char = 0x01; /* ctrl-a is used for escape */
static void mux_print_help(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    int i, j;
    char ebuf[15] = "Escape-Char";
    char cbuf[50] = "\n\r";

    if (term_escape_char > 0 && term_escape_char < 26) {
        snprintf(cbuf, sizeof(cbuf), "\n\r");
        snprintf(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf), "C-%c", term_escape_char - 1 + 'a');
    } else {
        snprintf(cbuf, sizeof(cbuf),
                 "\n\rEscape-Char set to Ascii: 0x%02x\n\r\n\r",
                 term_escape_char);
    }
    /* XXX this blocks entire thread. Rewrite to use
     * qemu_chr_fe_write and background I/O callbacks */
    qemu_chr_write_all(chr, (uint8_t *)cbuf, strlen(cbuf));
    for (i = 0; mux_help[i] != NULL; i++) {
        for (j=0; mux_help[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
            if (mux_help[i][j] == '%')
                qemu_chr_write_all(chr, (uint8_t *)ebuf, strlen(ebuf));
            else
                qemu_chr_write_all(chr, (uint8_t *)&mux_help[i][j], 1);
        }
    }
}

static void mux_chr_send_event(MuxDriver *d, int mux_nr, int event)
{
    CharBackend *be = d->backends[mux_nr];

    if (be && be->chr_event) {
        be->chr_event(be->opaque, event);
    }
}

static int mux_proc_byte(CharDriverState *chr, MuxDriver *d, int ch)
{
    if (d->term_got_escape) {
        d->term_got_escape = 0;
        if (ch == term_escape_char)
            goto send_char;
        switch(ch) {
        case '?':
        case 'h':
            mux_print_help(chr);
            break;
        case 'x':
            {
                 const char *term =  "QEMU: Terminated\n\r";
                 qemu_chr_write_all(chr, (uint8_t *)term, strlen(term));
                 exit(0);
                 break;
            }
        case 's':
            blk_commit_all();
            break;
        case 'b':
            qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_BREAK);
            break;
        case 'c':
            assert(d->mux_cnt > 0); /* handler registered with first fe */
            /* Switch to the next registered device */
            mux_set_focus(chr, (d->focus + 1) % d->mux_cnt);
            break;
        case 't':
            d->timestamps = !d->timestamps;
            d->timestamps_start = -1;
            d->linestart = 0;
            break;
        }
    } else if (ch == term_escape_char) {
        d->term_got_escape = 1;
    } else {
    send_char:
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void mux_chr_accept_input(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
    int m = d->focus;
    CharBackend *be = d->backends[m];

    while (be && d->prod[m] != d->cons[m] &&
           be->chr_can_read && be->chr_can_read(be->opaque)) {
        be->chr_read(be->opaque,
                     &d->buffer[m][d->cons[m]++ & MUX_BUFFER_MASK], 1);
    }
}

static int mux_chr_can_read(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
    int m = d->focus;
    CharBackend *be = d->backends[m];

    if ((d->prod[m] - d->cons[m]) < MUX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
        return 1;
    }

    if (be && be->chr_can_read) {
        return be->chr_can_read(be->opaque);
    }

    return 0;
}

static void mux_chr_read(void *opaque, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
    int m = d->focus;
    CharBackend *be = d->backends[m];
    int i;

    mux_chr_accept_input(opaque);

    for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
        if (mux_proc_byte(chr, d, buf[i])) {
            if (d->prod[m] == d->cons[m] &&
                be && be->chr_can_read &&
                be->chr_can_read(be->opaque))
                be->chr_read(be->opaque, &buf[i], 1);
            else
                d->buffer[m][d->prod[m]++ & MUX_BUFFER_MASK] = buf[i];
        }
}

static bool muxes_realized;

static void mux_chr_event(void *opaque, int event)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
    int i;

    if (!muxes_realized) {
        return;
    }

    /* Send the event to all registered listeners */
    for (i = 0; i < d->mux_cnt; i++)
        mux_chr_send_event(d, i, event);
}

/**
 * Called after processing of default and command-line-specified
 * chardevs to deliver CHR_EVENT_OPENED events to any FEs attached
 * to a mux chardev. This is done here to ensure that
 * output/prompts/banners are only displayed for the FE that has
 * focus when initial command-line processing/machine init is
 * completed.
 *
 * After this point, any new FE attached to any new or existing
 * mux will receive CHR_EVENT_OPENED notifications for the BE
 * immediately.
 */
static void muxes_realize_done(Notifier *notifier, void *unused)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;

    QTAILQ_FOREACH(chr, &chardevs, next) {
        if (chr->is_mux) {
            MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
            int i;

            /* send OPENED to all already-attached FEs */
            for (i = 0; i < d->mux_cnt; i++) {
                mux_chr_send_event(d, i, CHR_EVENT_OPENED);
            }
            /* mark mux as OPENED so any new FEs will immediately receive
             * OPENED event
             */
            qemu_chr_be_generic_open(chr);
        }
    }
    muxes_realized = true;
}

static Notifier muxes_realize_notify = {
    .notify = muxes_realize_done,
};

static GSource *mux_chr_add_watch(CharDriverState *s, GIOCondition cond)
{
    MuxDriver *d = s->opaque;
    CharDriverState *chr = qemu_chr_fe_get_driver(&d->chr);

    return chr->chr_add_watch(chr, cond);
}

static void mux_chr_free(struct CharDriverState *chr)
{
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < d->mux_cnt; i++) {
        CharBackend *be = d->backends[i];
        if (be) {
            be->chr = NULL;
        }
    }
    qemu_chr_fe_deinit(&d->chr);
    g_free(d);
}

static void mux_chr_set_handlers(CharDriverState *chr, GMainContext *context)
{
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;

    /* Fix up the real driver with mux routines */
    qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers(&d->chr,
                             mux_chr_can_read,
                             mux_chr_read,
                             mux_chr_event,
                             chr,
                             context, true);
}

static void mux_set_focus(CharDriverState *chr, int focus)
{
    MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;

    assert(focus >= 0);
    assert(focus < d->mux_cnt);

    if (d->focus != -1) {
        mux_chr_send_event(d, d->focus, CHR_EVENT_MUX_OUT);
    }

    d->focus = focus;
    chr->be = d->backends[focus];
    mux_chr_send_event(d, d->focus, CHR_EVENT_MUX_IN);
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_mux(const char *id,
                                          ChardevBackend *backend,
                                          ChardevReturn *ret,
                                          bool *be_opened,
                                          Error **errp)
{
    ChardevMux *mux = backend->u.mux.data;
    CharDriverState *chr, *drv;
    MuxDriver *d;
    ChardevCommon *common = qapi_ChardevMux_base(mux);

    drv = qemu_chr_find(mux->chardev);
    if (drv == NULL) {
        error_setg(errp, "mux: base chardev %s not found", mux->chardev);
        return NULL;
    }

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(common, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    d = g_new0(MuxDriver, 1);

    chr->opaque = d;
    d->focus = -1;
    chr->chr_free = mux_chr_free;
    chr->chr_write = mux_chr_write;
    chr->chr_accept_input = mux_chr_accept_input;
    /* Frontend guest-open / -close notification is not support with muxes */
    chr->chr_set_fe_open = NULL;
    if (drv->chr_add_watch) {
        chr->chr_add_watch = mux_chr_add_watch;
    }
    /* only default to opened state if we've realized the initial
     * set of muxes
     */
    *be_opened = muxes_realized;
    chr->is_mux = 1;
    if (!qemu_chr_fe_init(&d->chr, drv, errp)) {
        qemu_chr_free(chr);
        return NULL;
    }

    return chr;
}

CharDriverState *qemu_chr_fe_get_driver(CharBackend *be)
{
    return be->chr;
}

bool qemu_chr_fe_init(CharBackend *b, CharDriverState *s, Error **errp)
{
    int tag = 0;

    if (s->is_mux) {
        MuxDriver *d = s->opaque;

        if (d->mux_cnt >= MAX_MUX) {
            goto unavailable;
        }

        d->backends[d->mux_cnt] = b;
        tag = d->mux_cnt++;
    } else if (s->be) {
        goto unavailable;
    } else {
        s->be = b;
    }

    b->fe_open = false;
    b->tag = tag;
    b->chr = s;
    return true;

unavailable:
    error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, s->label);
    return false;
}

static bool qemu_chr_is_busy(CharDriverState *s)
{
    if (s->is_mux) {
        MuxDriver *d = s->opaque;
        return d->mux_cnt >= 0;
    } else {
        return s->be != NULL;
    }
}

void qemu_chr_fe_deinit(CharBackend *b)
{
    assert(b);

    if (b->chr) {
        qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers(b, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, true);
        if (b->chr->be == b) {
            b->chr->be = NULL;
        }
        if (b->chr->is_mux) {
            MuxDriver *d = b->chr->opaque;
            d->backends[b->tag] = NULL;
        }
        b->chr = NULL;
    }
}

void qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers(CharBackend *b,
                              IOCanReadHandler *fd_can_read,
                              IOReadHandler *fd_read,
                              IOEventHandler *fd_event,
                              void *opaque,
                              GMainContext *context,
                              bool set_open)
{
    CharDriverState *s;
    int fe_open;

    s = b->chr;
    if (!s) {
        return;
    }

    if (!opaque && !fd_can_read && !fd_read && !fd_event) {
        fe_open = 0;
        remove_fd_in_watch(s);
    } else {
        fe_open = 1;
    }
    b->chr_can_read = fd_can_read;
    b->chr_read = fd_read;
    b->chr_event = fd_event;
    b->opaque = opaque;
    if (s->chr_update_read_handler) {
        s->chr_update_read_handler(s, context);
    }

    if (set_open) {
        qemu_chr_fe_set_open(b, fe_open);
    }

    if (fe_open) {
        qemu_chr_fe_take_focus(b);
        /* We're connecting to an already opened device, so let's make sure we
           also get the open event */
        if (s->be_open) {
            qemu_chr_be_generic_open(s);
        }
    }

    if (s->is_mux) {
        mux_chr_set_handlers(s, context);
    }
}

void qemu_chr_fe_take_focus(CharBackend *b)

{
    if (!b->chr) {
        return;
    }

    if (b->chr->is_mux) {
        mux_set_focus(b->chr, b->tag);
    }
}

typedef struct IOWatchPoll
{
    GSource parent;

    QIOChannel *ioc;
    GSource *src;

    IOCanReadHandler *fd_can_read;
    GSourceFunc fd_read;
    void *opaque;
    GMainContext *context;
} IOWatchPoll;

static IOWatchPoll *io_watch_poll_from_source(GSource *source)
{
    return container_of(source, IOWatchPoll, parent);
}

static gboolean io_watch_poll_prepare(GSource *source,
                                      gint *timeout_)
{
    IOWatchPoll *iwp = io_watch_poll_from_source(source);
    bool now_active = iwp->fd_can_read(iwp->opaque) > 0;
    bool was_active = iwp->src != NULL;
    if (was_active == now_active) {
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (now_active) {
        iwp->src = qio_channel_create_watch(
            iwp->ioc, G_IO_IN | G_IO_ERR | G_IO_HUP | G_IO_NVAL);
        g_source_set_callback(iwp->src, iwp->fd_read, iwp->opaque, NULL);
        g_source_attach(iwp->src, iwp->context);
    } else {
        g_source_destroy(iwp->src);
        g_source_unref(iwp->src);
        iwp->src = NULL;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

static gboolean io_watch_poll_check(GSource *source)
{
    return FALSE;
}

static gboolean io_watch_poll_dispatch(GSource *source, GSourceFunc callback,
                                       gpointer user_data)
{
    abort();
}

static void io_watch_poll_finalize(GSource *source)
{
    /* Due to a glib bug, removing the last reference to a source
     * inside a finalize callback causes recursive locking (and a
     * deadlock).  This is not a problem inside other callbacks,
     * including dispatch callbacks, so we call io_remove_watch_poll
     * to remove this source.  At this point, iwp->src must
     * be NULL, or we would leak it.
     *
     * This would be solved much more elegantly by child sources,
     * but we support older glib versions that do not have them.
     */
    IOWatchPoll *iwp = io_watch_poll_from_source(source);
    assert(iwp->src == NULL);
}

static GSourceFuncs io_watch_poll_funcs = {
    .prepare = io_watch_poll_prepare,
    .check = io_watch_poll_check,
    .dispatch = io_watch_poll_dispatch,
    .finalize = io_watch_poll_finalize,
};

/* Can only be used for read */
static guint io_add_watch_poll(CharDriverState *chr,
                               QIOChannel *ioc,
                               IOCanReadHandler *fd_can_read,
                               QIOChannelFunc fd_read,
                               gpointer user_data,
                               GMainContext *context)
{
    IOWatchPoll *iwp;
    int tag;
    char *name;

    iwp = (IOWatchPoll *) g_source_new(&io_watch_poll_funcs,
                                       sizeof(IOWatchPoll));
    iwp->fd_can_read = fd_can_read;
    iwp->opaque = user_data;
    iwp->ioc = ioc;
    iwp->fd_read = (GSourceFunc) fd_read;
    iwp->src = NULL;
    iwp->context = context;

    name = g_strdup_printf("chardev-iowatch-%s", chr->label);
    g_source_set_name((GSource *)iwp, name);
    g_free(name);

    tag = g_source_attach(&iwp->parent, context);
    g_source_unref(&iwp->parent);
    return tag;
}

static void io_remove_watch_poll(guint tag)
{
    GSource *source;
    IOWatchPoll *iwp;

    g_return_if_fail (tag > 0);

    source = g_main_context_find_source_by_id(NULL, tag);
    g_return_if_fail (source != NULL);

    iwp = io_watch_poll_from_source(source);
    if (iwp->src) {
        g_source_destroy(iwp->src);
        g_source_unref(iwp->src);
        iwp->src = NULL;
    }
    g_source_destroy(&iwp->parent);
}

static void remove_fd_in_watch(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    if (chr->fd_in_tag) {
        io_remove_watch_poll(chr->fd_in_tag);
        chr->fd_in_tag = 0;
    }
}


static int io_channel_send_full(QIOChannel *ioc,
                                const void *buf, size_t len,
                                int *fds, size_t nfds)
{
    size_t offset = 0;

    while (offset < len) {
        ssize_t ret = 0;
        struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = (char *)buf + offset,
                             .iov_len = len - offset };

        ret = qio_channel_writev_full(
            ioc, &iov, 1,
            fds, nfds, NULL);
        if (ret == QIO_CHANNEL_ERR_BLOCK) {
            if (offset) {
                return offset;
            }

            errno = EAGAIN;
            return -1;
        } else if (ret < 0) {
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }

        offset += ret;
    }

    return offset;
}


#ifndef _WIN32
static int io_channel_send(QIOChannel *ioc, const void *buf, size_t len)
{
    return io_channel_send_full(ioc, buf, len, NULL, 0);
}


typedef struct FDCharDriver {
    CharDriverState *chr;
    QIOChannel *ioc_in, *ioc_out;
    int max_size;
} FDCharDriver;

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static int fd_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    
    return io_channel_send(s->ioc_out, buf, len);
}

static gboolean fd_chr_read(QIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    int len;
    uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
    ssize_t ret;

    len = sizeof(buf);
    if (len > s->max_size) {
        len = s->max_size;
    }
    if (len == 0) {
        return TRUE;
    }

    ret = qio_channel_read(
        chan, (gchar *)buf, len, NULL);
    if (ret == 0) {
        remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
        qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
        return FALSE;
    }
    if (ret > 0) {
        qemu_chr_be_write(chr, buf, ret);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

static int fd_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
    return s->max_size;
}

static GSource *fd_chr_add_watch(CharDriverState *chr, GIOCondition cond)
{
    FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    return qio_channel_create_watch(s->ioc_out, cond);
}

static void fd_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr,
                                       GMainContext *context)
{
    FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
    if (s->ioc_in) {
        chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(chr, s->ioc_in,
                                           fd_chr_read_poll,
                                           fd_chr_read, chr,
                                           context);
    }
}

static void fd_chr_free(struct CharDriverState *chr)
{
    FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
    if (s->ioc_in) {
        object_unref(OBJECT(s->ioc_in));
    }
    if (s->ioc_out) {
        object_unref(OBJECT(s->ioc_out));
    }

    g_free(s);
    qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
}

/* open a character device to a unix fd */
static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_fd(int fd_in, int fd_out,
                                         ChardevCommon *backend, Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;
    FDCharDriver *s;
    char *name;

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(backend, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    s = g_new0(FDCharDriver, 1);
    s->ioc_in = QIO_CHANNEL(qio_channel_file_new_fd(fd_in));
    name = g_strdup_printf("chardev-file-in-%s", chr->label);
    qio_channel_set_name(QIO_CHANNEL(s->ioc_in), name);
    g_free(name);
    s->ioc_out = QIO_CHANNEL(qio_channel_file_new_fd(fd_out));
    name = g_strdup_printf("chardev-file-out-%s", chr->label);
    qio_channel_set_name(QIO_CHANNEL(s->ioc_out), name);
    g_free(name);
    qemu_set_nonblock(fd_out);
    s->chr = chr;
    chr->opaque = s;
    chr->chr_add_watch = fd_chr_add_watch;
    chr->chr_write = fd_chr_write;
    chr->chr_update_read_handler = fd_chr_update_read_handler;
    chr->chr_free = fd_chr_free;

    return chr;
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pipe(const char *id,
                                           ChardevBackend *backend,
                                           ChardevReturn *ret,
                                           bool *be_opened,
                                           Error **errp)
{
    ChardevHostdev *opts = backend->u.pipe.data;
    int fd_in, fd_out;
    char *filename_in;
    char *filename_out;
    const char *filename = opts->device;
    ChardevCommon *common = qapi_ChardevHostdev_base(opts);


    filename_in = g_strdup_printf("%s.in", filename);
    filename_out = g_strdup_printf("%s.out", filename);
    TFR(fd_in = qemu_open(filename_in, O_RDWR | O_BINARY));
    TFR(fd_out = qemu_open(filename_out, O_RDWR | O_BINARY));
    g_free(filename_in);
    g_free(filename_out);
    if (fd_in < 0 || fd_out < 0) {
        if (fd_in >= 0)
            close(fd_in);
        if (fd_out >= 0)
            close(fd_out);
        TFR(fd_in = fd_out = qemu_open(filename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY));
        if (fd_in < 0) {
            error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, filename);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    return qemu_chr_open_fd(fd_in, fd_out, common, errp);
}

/* init terminal so that we can grab keys */
static struct termios oldtty;
static int old_fd0_flags;
static bool stdio_in_use;
static bool stdio_allow_signal;
static bool stdio_echo_state;

static void qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio(CharDriverState *chr, bool echo);

static void term_exit(void)
{
    tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
    fcntl(0, F_SETFL, old_fd0_flags);
}

static void term_stdio_handler(int sig)
{
    /* restore echo after resume from suspend. */
    qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio(NULL, stdio_echo_state);
}

static void qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio(CharDriverState *chr, bool echo)
{
    struct termios tty;

    stdio_echo_state = echo;
    tty = oldtty;
    if (!echo) {
        tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
                          |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
        tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
        tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
        tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
        tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
        tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
        tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
    }
    if (!stdio_allow_signal)
        tty.c_lflag &= ~ISIG;

    tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
}

static void qemu_chr_free_stdio(struct CharDriverState *chr)
{
    term_exit();
    fd_chr_free(chr);
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_stdio(const char *id,
                                            ChardevBackend *backend,
                                            ChardevReturn *ret,
                                            bool *be_opened,
                                            Error **errp)
{
    ChardevStdio *opts = backend->u.stdio.data;
    CharDriverState *chr;
    struct sigaction act;
    ChardevCommon *common = qapi_ChardevStdio_base(opts);

    if (is_daemonized()) {
        error_setg(errp, "cannot use stdio with -daemonize");
        return NULL;
    }

    if (stdio_in_use) {
        error_setg(errp, "cannot use stdio by multiple character devices");
        return NULL;
    }

    stdio_in_use = true;
    old_fd0_flags = fcntl(0, F_GETFL);
    tcgetattr(0, &oldtty);
    qemu_set_nonblock(0);
    atexit(term_exit);

    memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
    act.sa_handler = term_stdio_handler;
    sigaction(SIGCONT, &act, NULL);

    chr = qemu_chr_open_fd(0, 1, common, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    chr->chr_free = qemu_chr_free_stdio;
    chr->chr_set_echo = qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio;
    if (opts->has_signal) {
        stdio_allow_signal = opts->signal;
    }
    qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio(chr, false);

    return chr;
}

#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
    || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) \
    || defined(__GLIBC__)

#define HAVE_CHARDEV_SERIAL 1
#define HAVE_CHARDEV_PTY 1

typedef struct {
    QIOChannel *ioc;
    int read_bytes;

    /* Protected by the CharDriverState chr_write_lock.  */
    int connected;
    guint timer_tag;
    guint open_tag;
} PtyCharDriver;

static void pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(CharDriverState *chr);
static void pty_chr_state(CharDriverState *chr, int connected);

static gboolean pty_chr_timer(gpointer opaque)
{
    struct CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    qemu_mutex_lock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
    s->timer_tag = 0;
    s->open_tag = 0;
    if (!s->connected) {
        /* Next poll ... */
        pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(chr);
    }
    qemu_mutex_unlock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
    return FALSE;
}

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static void pty_chr_rearm_timer(CharDriverState *chr, int ms)
{
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    char *name;

    if (s->timer_tag) {
        g_source_remove(s->timer_tag);
        s->timer_tag = 0;
    }

    if (ms == 1000) {
        name = g_strdup_printf("pty-timer-secs-%s", chr->label);
        s->timer_tag = g_timeout_add_seconds(1, pty_chr_timer, chr);
    } else {
        name = g_strdup_printf("pty-timer-ms-%s", chr->label);
        s->timer_tag = g_timeout_add(ms, pty_chr_timer, chr);
    }
    g_source_set_name_by_id(s->timer_tag, name);
    g_free(name);
}

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static void pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    GPollFD pfd;
    int rc;
    QIOChannelFile *fioc = QIO_CHANNEL_FILE(s->ioc);

    pfd.fd = fioc->fd;
    pfd.events = G_IO_OUT;
    pfd.revents = 0;
    do {
        rc = g_poll(&pfd, 1, 0);
    } while (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR);
    assert(rc >= 0);

    if (pfd.revents & G_IO_HUP) {
        pty_chr_state(chr, 0);
    } else {
        pty_chr_state(chr, 1);
    }
}

static void pty_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr,
                                        GMainContext *context)
{
    qemu_mutex_lock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
    pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(chr);
    qemu_mutex_unlock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
}

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static int pty_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    if (!s->connected) {
        /* guest sends data, check for (re-)connect */
        pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(chr);
        if (!s->connected) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return io_channel_send(s->ioc, buf, len);
}

static GSource *pty_chr_add_watch(CharDriverState *chr, GIOCondition cond)
{
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    if (!s->connected) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return qio_channel_create_watch(s->ioc, cond);
}

static int pty_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    s->read_bytes = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
    return s->read_bytes;
}

static gboolean pty_chr_read(QIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    gsize len;
    uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
    ssize_t ret;

    len = sizeof(buf);
    if (len > s->read_bytes)
        len = s->read_bytes;
    if (len == 0) {
        return TRUE;
    }
    ret = qio_channel_read(s->ioc, (char *)buf, len, NULL);
    if (ret <= 0) {
        pty_chr_state(chr, 0);
        return FALSE;
    } else {
        pty_chr_state(chr, 1);
        qemu_chr_be_write(chr, buf, ret);
    }
    return TRUE;
}

static gboolean qemu_chr_be_generic_open_func(gpointer opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    s->open_tag = 0;
    qemu_chr_be_generic_open(chr);
    return FALSE;
}

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static void pty_chr_state(CharDriverState *chr, int connected)
{
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    if (!connected) {
        if (s->open_tag) {
            g_source_remove(s->open_tag);
            s->open_tag = 0;
        }
        remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
        s->connected = 0;
        /* (re-)connect poll interval for idle guests: once per second.
         * We check more frequently in case the guests sends data to
         * the virtual device linked to our pty. */
        pty_chr_rearm_timer(chr, 1000);
    } else {
        if (s->timer_tag) {
            g_source_remove(s->timer_tag);
            s->timer_tag = 0;
        }
        if (!s->connected) {
            g_assert(s->open_tag == 0);
            s->connected = 1;
            s->open_tag = g_idle_add(qemu_chr_be_generic_open_func, chr);
        }
        if (!chr->fd_in_tag) {
            chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(chr, s->ioc,
                                               pty_chr_read_poll,
                                               pty_chr_read,
                                               chr, NULL);
        }
    }
}

static void pty_chr_free(struct CharDriverState *chr)
{
    PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    qemu_mutex_lock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
    pty_chr_state(chr, 0);
    object_unref(OBJECT(s->ioc));
    if (s->timer_tag) {
        g_source_remove(s->timer_tag);
        s->timer_tag = 0;
    }
    qemu_mutex_unlock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
    g_free(s);
    qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pty(const char *id,
                                          ChardevBackend *backend,
                                          ChardevReturn *ret,
                                          bool *be_opened,
                                          Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;
    PtyCharDriver *s;
    int master_fd, slave_fd;
    char pty_name[PATH_MAX];
    ChardevCommon *common = backend->u.pty.data;
    char *name;

    master_fd = qemu_openpty_raw(&slave_fd, pty_name);
    if (master_fd < 0) {
        error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Failed to create PTY");
        return NULL;
    }

    close(slave_fd);
    qemu_set_nonblock(master_fd);

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(common, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        close(master_fd);
        return NULL;
    }

    chr->filename = g_strdup_printf("pty:%s", pty_name);
    ret->pty = g_strdup(pty_name);
    ret->has_pty = true;

    fprintf(stderr, "char device redirected to %s (label %s)\n",
            pty_name, id);

    s = g_new0(PtyCharDriver, 1);
    chr->opaque = s;
    chr->chr_write = pty_chr_write;
    chr->chr_update_read_handler = pty_chr_update_read_handler;
    chr->chr_free = pty_chr_free;
    chr->chr_add_watch = pty_chr_add_watch;
    *be_opened = false;

    s->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(qio_channel_file_new_fd(master_fd));
    name = g_strdup_printf("chardev-pty-%s", chr->label);
    qio_channel_set_name(QIO_CHANNEL(s->ioc), name);
    g_free(name);
    s->timer_tag = 0;

    return chr;
}

static void tty_serial_init(int fd, int speed,
                            int parity, int data_bits, int stop_bits)
{
    struct termios tty;
    speed_t spd;

#if 0
    printf("tty_serial_init: speed=%d parity=%c data=%d stop=%d\n",
           speed, parity, data_bits, stop_bits);
#endif
    tcgetattr (fd, &tty);

#define check_speed(val) if (speed <= val) { spd = B##val; break; }
    speed = speed * 10 / 11;
    do {
        check_speed(50);
        check_speed(75);
        check_speed(110);
        check_speed(134);
        check_speed(150);
        check_speed(200);
        check_speed(300);
        check_speed(600);
        check_speed(1200);
        check_speed(1800);
        check_speed(2400);
        check_speed(4800);
        check_speed(9600);
        check_speed(19200);
        check_speed(38400);
        /* Non-Posix values follow. They may be unsupported on some systems. */
        check_speed(57600);
        check_speed(115200);
#ifdef B230400
        check_speed(230400);
#endif
#ifdef B460800
        check_speed(460800);
#endif
#ifdef B500000
        check_speed(500000);
#endif
#ifdef B576000
        check_speed(576000);
#endif
#ifdef B921600
        check_speed(921600);
#endif
#ifdef B1000000
        check_speed(1000000);
#endif
#ifdef B1152000
        check_speed(1152000);
#endif
#ifdef B1500000
        check_speed(1500000);
#endif
#ifdef B2000000
        check_speed(2000000);
#endif
#ifdef B2500000
        check_speed(2500000);
#endif
#ifdef B3000000
        check_speed(3000000);
#endif
#ifdef B3500000
        check_speed(3500000);
#endif
#ifdef B4000000
        check_speed(4000000);
#endif
        spd = B115200;
    } while (0);

    cfsetispeed(&tty, spd);
    cfsetospeed(&tty, spd);

    tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
                          |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
    tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
    tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN|ISIG);
    tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB|PARODD|CRTSCTS|CSTOPB);
    switch(data_bits) {
    default:
    case 8:
        tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
        break;
    case 7:
        tty.c_cflag |= CS7;
        break;
    case 6:
        tty.c_cflag |= CS6;
        break;
    case 5:
        tty.c_cflag |= CS5;
        break;
    }
    switch(parity) {
    default:
    case 'N':
        break;
    case 'E':
        tty.c_cflag |= PARENB;
        break;
    case 'O':
        tty.c_cflag |= PARENB | PARODD;
        break;
    }
    if (stop_bits == 2)
        tty.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;

    tcsetattr (fd, TCSANOW, &tty);
}

static int tty_serial_ioctl(CharDriverState *chr, int cmd, void *arg)
{
    FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    QIOChannelFile *fioc = QIO_CHANNEL_FILE(s->ioc_in);

    switch(cmd) {
    case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_PARAMS:
        {
            QEMUSerialSetParams *ssp = arg;
            tty_serial_init(fioc->fd,
                            ssp->speed, ssp->parity,
                            ssp->data_bits, ssp->stop_bits);
        }
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_BREAK:
        {
            int enable = *(int *)arg;
            if (enable) {
                tcsendbreak(fioc->fd, 1);
            }
        }
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_TIOCM:
        {
            int sarg = 0;
            int *targ = (int *)arg;
            ioctl(fioc->fd, TIOCMGET, &sarg);
            *targ = 0;
            if (sarg & TIOCM_CTS)
                *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_CTS;
            if (sarg & TIOCM_CAR)
                *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_CAR;
            if (sarg & TIOCM_DSR)
                *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_DSR;
            if (sarg & TIOCM_RI)
                *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_RI;
            if (sarg & TIOCM_DTR)
                *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_DTR;
            if (sarg & TIOCM_RTS)
                *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_RTS;
        }
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_TIOCM:
        {
            int sarg = *(int *)arg;
            int targ = 0;
            ioctl(fioc->fd, TIOCMGET, &targ);
            targ &= ~(CHR_TIOCM_CTS | CHR_TIOCM_CAR | CHR_TIOCM_DSR
                     | CHR_TIOCM_RI | CHR_TIOCM_DTR | CHR_TIOCM_RTS);
            if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_CTS)
                targ |= TIOCM_CTS;
            if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_CAR)
                targ |= TIOCM_CAR;
            if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_DSR)
                targ |= TIOCM_DSR;
            if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_RI)
                targ |= TIOCM_RI;
            if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_DTR)
                targ |= TIOCM_DTR;
            if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_RTS)
                targ |= TIOCM_RTS;
            ioctl(fioc->fd, TIOCMSET, &targ);
        }
        break;
    default:
        return -ENOTSUP;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void qemu_chr_free_tty(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    fd_chr_free(chr);
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_tty_fd(int fd,
                                             ChardevCommon *backend,
                                             bool *be_opened,
                                             Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;

    tty_serial_init(fd, 115200, 'N', 8, 1);
    chr = qemu_chr_open_fd(fd, fd, backend, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    chr->chr_ioctl = tty_serial_ioctl;
    chr->chr_free = qemu_chr_free_tty;
    return chr;
}
#endif /* __linux__ || __sun__ */

#if defined(__linux__)

#define HAVE_CHARDEV_PARPORT 1

typedef struct {
    int fd;
    int mode;
} ParallelCharDriver;

static int pp_hw_mode(ParallelCharDriver *s, uint16_t mode)
{
    if (s->mode != mode) {
        int m = mode;
        if (ioctl(s->fd, PPSETMODE, &m) < 0)
            return 0;
        s->mode = mode;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int pp_ioctl(CharDriverState *chr, int cmd, void *arg)
{
    ParallelCharDriver *drv = chr->opaque;
    int fd = drv->fd;
    uint8_t b;

    switch(cmd) {
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_DATA:
        if (ioctl(fd, PPRDATA, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_DATA:
        b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
        if (ioctl(fd, PPWDATA, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_CONTROL:
        if (ioctl(fd, PPRCONTROL, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        /* Linux gives only the lowest bits, and no way to know data
           direction! For better compatibility set the fixed upper
           bits. */
        *(uint8_t *)arg = b | 0xc0;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_CONTROL:
        b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
        if (ioctl(fd, PPWCONTROL, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_STATUS:
        if (ioctl(fd, PPRSTATUS, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_DATA_DIR:
        if (ioctl(fd, PPDATADIR, (int *)arg) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_READ_ADDR:
        if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP|IEEE1284_ADDR)) {
            struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
            int n = read(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
            if (n != parg->count) {
                return -EIO;
            }
        }
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_READ:
        if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP)) {
            struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
            int n = read(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
            if (n != parg->count) {
                return -EIO;
            }
        }
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_WRITE_ADDR:
        if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP|IEEE1284_ADDR)) {
            struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
            int n = write(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
            if (n != parg->count) {
                return -EIO;
            }
        }
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_WRITE:
        if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP)) {
            struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
            int n = write(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
            if (n != parg->count) {
                return -EIO;
            }
        }
        break;
    default:
        return -ENOTSUP;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void pp_free(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    ParallelCharDriver *drv = chr->opaque;
    int fd = drv->fd;

    pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_COMPAT);
    ioctl(fd, PPRELEASE);
    close(fd);
    g_free(drv);
    qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pp_fd(int fd,
                                            ChardevCommon *backend,
                                            bool *be_opened,
                                            Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;
    ParallelCharDriver *drv;

    if (ioctl(fd, PPCLAIM) < 0) {
        error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "not a parallel port");
        close(fd);
        return NULL;
    }

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(backend, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }

    drv = g_new0(ParallelCharDriver, 1);
    chr->opaque = drv;
    chr->chr_write = null_chr_write;
    chr->chr_ioctl = pp_ioctl;
    chr->chr_free = pp_free;

    drv->fd = fd;
    drv->mode = IEEE1284_MODE_COMPAT;

    return chr;
}
#endif /* __linux__ */

#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__) || defined(__DragonFly__)

#define HAVE_CHARDEV_PARPORT 1

static int pp_ioctl(CharDriverState *chr, int cmd, void *arg)
{
    int fd = (int)(intptr_t)chr->opaque;
    uint8_t b;

    switch(cmd) {
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_DATA:
        if (ioctl(fd, PPIGDATA, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_DATA:
        b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
        if (ioctl(fd, PPISDATA, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_CONTROL:
        if (ioctl(fd, PPIGCTRL, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_CONTROL:
        b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
        if (ioctl(fd, PPISCTRL, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        break;
    case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_STATUS:
        if (ioctl(fd, PPIGSTATUS, &b) < 0)
            return -ENOTSUP;
        *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
        break;
    default:
        return -ENOTSUP;
    }
    return 0;
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pp_fd(int fd,
                                            ChardevCommon *backend,
                                            bool *be_opened,
                                            Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(backend, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    chr->opaque = (void *)(intptr_t)fd;
    chr->chr_write = null_chr_write;
    chr->chr_ioctl = pp_ioctl;
    *be_opened = false;
    return chr;
}
#endif

#else /* _WIN32 */

#define HAVE_CHARDEV_SERIAL 1

typedef struct {
    int max_size;
    HANDLE hcom, hrecv, hsend;
    OVERLAPPED orecv;
    BOOL fpipe;
    DWORD len;

    /* Protected by the CharDriverState chr_write_lock.  */
    OVERLAPPED osend;
} WinCharState;

typedef struct {
    HANDLE  hStdIn;
    HANDLE  hInputReadyEvent;
    HANDLE  hInputDoneEvent;
    HANDLE  hInputThread;
    uint8_t win_stdio_buf;
} WinStdioCharState;

#define NSENDBUF 2048
#define NRECVBUF 2048
#define MAXCONNECT 1
#define NTIMEOUT 5000

static int win_chr_poll(void *opaque);
static int win_chr_pipe_poll(void *opaque);

static void win_chr_free(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;

    if (s->hsend) {
        CloseHandle(s->hsend);
        s->hsend = NULL;
    }
    if (s->hrecv) {
        CloseHandle(s->hrecv);
        s->hrecv = NULL;
    }
    if (s->hcom) {
        CloseHandle(s->hcom);
        s->hcom = NULL;
    }
    if (s->fpipe)
        qemu_del_polling_cb(win_chr_pipe_poll, chr);
    else
        qemu_del_polling_cb(win_chr_poll, chr);

    qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
}

static int win_chr_init(CharDriverState *chr, const char *filename, Error **errp)
{
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
    COMMCONFIG comcfg;
    COMMTIMEOUTS cto = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
    COMSTAT comstat;
    DWORD size;
    DWORD err;

    s->hsend = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
    if (!s->hsend) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed CreateEvent");
        goto fail;
    }
    s->hrecv = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
    if (!s->hrecv) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed CreateEvent");
        goto fail;
    }

    s->hcom = CreateFile(filename, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL,
                      OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, 0);
    if (s->hcom == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed CreateFile (%lu)", GetLastError());
        s->hcom = NULL;
        goto fail;
    }

    if (!SetupComm(s->hcom, NRECVBUF, NSENDBUF)) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed SetupComm");
        goto fail;
    }

    ZeroMemory(&comcfg, sizeof(COMMCONFIG));
    size = sizeof(COMMCONFIG);
    GetDefaultCommConfig(filename, &comcfg, &size);
    comcfg.dcb.DCBlength = sizeof(DCB);
    CommConfigDialog(filename, NULL, &comcfg);

    if (!SetCommState(s->hcom, &comcfg.dcb)) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed SetCommState");
        goto fail;
    }

    if (!SetCommMask(s->hcom, EV_ERR)) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed SetCommMask");
        goto fail;
    }

    cto.ReadIntervalTimeout = MAXDWORD;
    if (!SetCommTimeouts(s->hcom, &cto)) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed SetCommTimeouts");
        goto fail;
    }

    if (!ClearCommError(s->hcom, &err, &comstat)) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed ClearCommError");
        goto fail;
    }
    qemu_add_polling_cb(win_chr_poll, chr);
    return 0;

 fail:
    win_chr_free(chr);
    return -1;
}

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static int win_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len1)
{
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
    DWORD len, ret, size, err;

    len = len1;
    ZeroMemory(&s->osend, sizeof(s->osend));
    s->osend.hEvent = s->hsend;
    while (len > 0) {
        if (s->hsend)
            ret = WriteFile(s->hcom, buf, len, &size, &s->osend);
        else
            ret = WriteFile(s->hcom, buf, len, &size, NULL);
        if (!ret) {
            err = GetLastError();
            if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
                ret = GetOverlappedResult(s->hcom, &s->osend, &size, TRUE);
                if (ret) {
                    buf += size;
                    len -= size;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            buf += size;
            len -= size;
        }
    }
    return len1 - len;
}

static int win_chr_read_poll(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;

    s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
    return s->max_size;
}

static void win_chr_readfile(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
    int ret, err;
    uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
    DWORD size;

    ZeroMemory(&s->orecv, sizeof(s->orecv));
    s->orecv.hEvent = s->hrecv;
    ret = ReadFile(s->hcom, buf, s->len, &size, &s->orecv);
    if (!ret) {
        err = GetLastError();
        if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
            ret = GetOverlappedResult(s->hcom, &s->orecv, &size, TRUE);
        }
    }

    if (size > 0) {
        qemu_chr_be_write(chr, buf, size);
    }
}

static void win_chr_read(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;

    if (s->len > s->max_size)
        s->len = s->max_size;
    if (s->len == 0)
        return;

    win_chr_readfile(chr);
}

static int win_chr_poll(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
    COMSTAT status;
    DWORD comerr;

    ClearCommError(s->hcom, &comerr, &status);
    if (status.cbInQue > 0) {
        s->len = status.cbInQue;
        win_chr_read_poll(chr);
        win_chr_read(chr);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_win_path(const char *filename,
                                               ChardevCommon *backend,
                                               Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;
    WinCharState *s;

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(backend, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    s = g_new0(WinCharState, 1);
    chr->opaque = s;
    chr->chr_write = win_chr_write;
    chr->chr_free = win_chr_free;

    if (win_chr_init(chr, filename, errp) < 0) {
        g_free(s);
        qemu_chr_free_common(chr);
        return NULL;
    }
    return chr;
}

static int win_chr_pipe_poll(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
    DWORD size;

    PeekNamedPipe(s->hcom, NULL, 0, NULL, &size, NULL);
    if (size > 0) {
        s->len = size;
        win_chr_read_poll(chr);
        win_chr_read(chr);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int win_chr_pipe_init(CharDriverState *chr, const char *filename,
                             Error **errp)
{
    WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
    OVERLAPPED ov;
    int ret;
    DWORD size;
    char *openname;

    s->fpipe = TRUE;

    s->hsend = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
    if (!s->hsend) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed CreateEvent");
        goto fail;
    }
    s->hrecv = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
    if (!s->hrecv) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed CreateEvent");
        goto fail;
    }

    openname = g_strdup_printf("\\\\.\\pipe\\%s", filename);
    s->hcom = CreateNamedPipe(openname, PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
                              PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_READMODE_BYTE |
                              PIPE_WAIT,
                              MAXCONNECT, NSENDBUF, NRECVBUF, NTIMEOUT, NULL);
    g_free(openname);
    if (s->hcom == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed CreateNamedPipe (%lu)", GetLastError());
        s->hcom = NULL;
        goto fail;
    }

    ZeroMemory(&ov, sizeof(ov));
    ov.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
    ret = ConnectNamedPipe(s->hcom, &ov);
    if (ret) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed ConnectNamedPipe");
        goto fail;
    }

    ret = GetOverlappedResult(s->hcom, &ov, &size, TRUE);
    if (!ret) {
        error_setg(errp, "Failed GetOverlappedResult");
        if (ov.hEvent) {
            CloseHandle(ov.hEvent);
            ov.hEvent = NULL;
        }
        goto fail;
    }

    if (ov.hEvent) {
        CloseHandle(ov.hEvent);
        ov.hEvent = NULL;
    }
    qemu_add_polling_cb(win_chr_pipe_poll, chr);
    return 0;

 fail:
    win_chr_free(chr);
    return -1;
}


static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pipe(const char *id,
                                           ChardevBackend *backend,
                                           ChardevReturn *ret,
                                           bool *be_opened,
                                           Error **errp)
{
    ChardevHostdev *opts = backend->u.pipe.data;
    const char *filename = opts->device;
    CharDriverState *chr;
    WinCharState *s;
    ChardevCommon *common = qapi_ChardevHostdev_base(opts);

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(common, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    s = g_new0(WinCharState, 1);
    chr->opaque = s;
    chr->chr_write = win_chr_write;
    chr->chr_free = win_chr_free;

    if (win_chr_pipe_init(chr, filename, errp) < 0) {
        g_free(s);
        qemu_chr_free_common(chr);
        return NULL;
    }
    return chr;
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_win_file(HANDLE fd_out,
                                               ChardevCommon *backend,
                                               Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr;
    WinCharState *s;

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(backend, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    s = g_new0(WinCharState, 1);
    s->hcom = fd_out;
    chr->opaque = s;
    chr->chr_write = win_chr_write;
    return chr;
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_win_con(const char *id,
                                              ChardevBackend *backend,
                                              ChardevReturn *ret,
                                              bool *be_opened,
                                              Error **errp)
{
    ChardevCommon *common = backend->u.console.data;
    return qemu_chr_open_win_file(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),
                                  common, errp);
}

static int win_stdio_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    HANDLE  hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    DWORD   dwSize;
    int     len1;

    len1 = len;

    while (len1 > 0) {
        if (!WriteFile(hStdOut, buf, len1, &dwSize, NULL)) {
            break;
        }
        buf  += dwSize;
        len1 -= dwSize;
    }

    return len - len1;
}

static void win_stdio_wait_func(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState   *chr   = opaque;
    WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;
    INPUT_RECORD       buf[4];
    int                ret;
    DWORD              dwSize;
    int                i;

    ret = ReadConsoleInput(stdio->hStdIn, buf, ARRAY_SIZE(buf), &dwSize);

    if (!ret) {
        /* Avoid error storm */
        qemu_del_wait_object(stdio->hStdIn, NULL, NULL);
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < dwSize; i++) {
        KEY_EVENT_RECORD *kev = &buf[i].Event.KeyEvent;

        if (buf[i].EventType == KEY_EVENT && kev->bKeyDown) {
            int j;
            if (kev->uChar.AsciiChar != 0) {
                for (j = 0; j < kev->wRepeatCount; j++) {
                    if (qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr)) {
                        uint8_t c = kev->uChar.AsciiChar;
                        qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &c, 1);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static DWORD WINAPI win_stdio_thread(LPVOID param)
{
    CharDriverState   *chr   = param;
    WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;
    int                ret;
    DWORD              dwSize;

    while (1) {

        /* Wait for one byte */
        ret = ReadFile(stdio->hStdIn, &stdio->win_stdio_buf, 1, &dwSize, NULL);

        /* Exit in case of error, continue if nothing read */
        if (!ret) {
            break;
        }
        if (!dwSize) {
            continue;
        }

        /* Some terminal emulator returns \r\n for Enter, just pass \n */
        if (stdio->win_stdio_buf == '\r') {
            continue;
        }

        /* Signal the main thread and wait until the byte was eaten */
        if (!SetEvent(stdio->hInputReadyEvent)) {
            break;
        }
        if (WaitForSingleObject(stdio->hInputDoneEvent, INFINITE)
            != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
            break;
        }
    }

    qemu_del_wait_object(stdio->hInputReadyEvent, NULL, NULL);
    return 0;
}

static void win_stdio_thread_wait_func(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState   *chr   = opaque;
    WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;

    if (qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr)) {
        qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &stdio->win_stdio_buf, 1);
    }

    SetEvent(stdio->hInputDoneEvent);
}

static void qemu_chr_set_echo_win_stdio(CharDriverState *chr, bool echo)
{
    WinStdioCharState *stdio  = chr->opaque;
    DWORD              dwMode = 0;

    GetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, &dwMode);

    if (echo) {
        SetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, dwMode | ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT);
    } else {
        SetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, dwMode & ~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT);
    }
}

static void win_stdio_free(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;

    if (stdio->hInputReadyEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        CloseHandle(stdio->hInputReadyEvent);
    }
    if (stdio->hInputDoneEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        CloseHandle(stdio->hInputDoneEvent);
    }
    if (stdio->hInputThread != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        TerminateThread(stdio->hInputThread, 0);
    }

    g_free(chr->opaque);
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_stdio(const char *id,
                                            ChardevBackend *backend,
                                            ChardevReturn *ret,
                                            bool *be_opened,
                                            Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState   *chr;
    WinStdioCharState *stdio;
    DWORD              dwMode;
    int                is_console = 0;
    ChardevCommon *common = qapi_ChardevStdio_base(backend->u.stdio.data);

    chr   = qemu_chr_alloc(common, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    stdio = g_new0(WinStdioCharState, 1);

    stdio->hStdIn = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    if (stdio->hStdIn == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        error_setg(errp, "cannot open stdio: invalid handle");
        return NULL;
    }

    is_console = GetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, &dwMode) != 0;

    chr->opaque    = stdio;
    chr->chr_write = win_stdio_write;
    chr->chr_free = win_stdio_free;

    if (is_console) {
        if (qemu_add_wait_object(stdio->hStdIn,
                                 win_stdio_wait_func, chr)) {
            error_setg(errp, "qemu_add_wait_object: failed");
            goto err1;
        }
    } else {
        DWORD   dwId;
            
        stdio->hInputReadyEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
        stdio->hInputDoneEvent  = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
        if (stdio->hInputReadyEvent == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
            || stdio->hInputDoneEvent == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
            error_setg(errp, "cannot create event");
            goto err2;
        }
        if (qemu_add_wait_object(stdio->hInputReadyEvent,
                                 win_stdio_thread_wait_func, chr)) {
            error_setg(errp, "qemu_add_wait_object: failed");
            goto err2;
        }
        stdio->hInputThread     = CreateThread(NULL, 0, win_stdio_thread,
                                               chr, 0, &dwId);

        if (stdio->hInputThread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
            error_setg(errp, "cannot create stdio thread");
            goto err3;
        }
    }

    dwMode |= ENABLE_LINE_INPUT;

    if (is_console) {
        /* set the terminal in raw mode */
        /* ENABLE_QUICK_EDIT_MODE | ENABLE_EXTENDED_FLAGS */
        dwMode |= ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT;
    }

    SetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, dwMode);

    chr->chr_set_echo = qemu_chr_set_echo_win_stdio;
    qemu_chr_set_echo_win_stdio(chr, false);

    return chr;

err3:
    qemu_del_wait_object(stdio->hInputReadyEvent, NULL, NULL);
err2:
    CloseHandle(stdio->hInputReadyEvent);
    CloseHandle(stdio->hInputDoneEvent);
err1:
    qemu_del_wait_object(stdio->hStdIn, NULL, NULL);
    return NULL;
}
#endif /* !_WIN32 */

/***********************************************************/
/* UDP Net console */

typedef struct {
    QIOChannel *ioc;
    uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
    int bufcnt;
    int bufptr;
    int max_size;
} NetCharDriver;

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static int udp_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    return qio_channel_write(
        s->ioc, (const char *)buf, len, NULL);
}

static int udp_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);

    /* If there were any stray characters in the queue process them
     * first
     */
    while (s->max_size > 0 && s->bufptr < s->bufcnt) {
        qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &s->buf[s->bufptr], 1);
        s->bufptr++;
        s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
    }
    return s->max_size;
}

static gboolean udp_chr_read(QIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    ssize_t ret;

    if (s->max_size == 0) {
        return TRUE;
    }
    ret = qio_channel_read(
        s->ioc, (char *)s->buf, sizeof(s->buf), NULL);
    if (ret <= 0) {
        remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
        return FALSE;
    }
    s->bufcnt = ret;

    s->bufptr = 0;
    while (s->max_size > 0 && s->bufptr < s->bufcnt) {
        qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &s->buf[s->bufptr], 1);
        s->bufptr++;
        s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

static void udp_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr,
                                        GMainContext *context)
{
    NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
    if (s->ioc) {
        chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(chr, s->ioc,
                                           udp_chr_read_poll,
                                           udp_chr_read, chr,
                                           context);
    }
}

static void udp_chr_free(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
    if (s->ioc) {
        object_unref(OBJECT(s->ioc));
    }
    g_free(s);
    qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
}

static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_udp(QIOChannelSocket *sioc,
                                          ChardevCommon *backend,
                                          bool *be_opened,
                                          Error **errp)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = NULL;
    NetCharDriver *s = NULL;

    chr = qemu_chr_alloc(backend, errp);
    if (!chr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    s = g_new0(NetCharDriver, 1);

    s->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(sioc);
    s->bufcnt = 0;
    s->bufptr = 0;
    chr->opaque = s;
    chr->chr_write = udp_chr_write;
    chr->chr_update_read_handler = udp_chr_update_read_handler;
    chr->chr_free = udp_chr_free;
    /* be isn't opened until we get a connection */
    *be_opened = false;
    return chr;
}

/***********************************************************/
/* TCP Net console */

typedef struct {
    QIOChannel *ioc; /* Client I/O channel */
    QIOChannelSocket *sioc; /* Client master channel */
    QIOChannelSocket *listen_ioc;
    guint listen_tag;
    QCryptoTLSCreds *tls_creds;
    int connected;
    int max_size;
    int do_telnetopt;
    int do_nodelay;
    int is_unix;
    int *read_msgfds;
    size_t read_msgfds_num;
    int *write_msgfds;
    size_t write_msgfds_num;

    SocketAddress *addr;
    bool is_listen;
    bool is_telnet;

    guint reconnect_timer;
    int64_t reconnect_time;
    bool connect_err_reported;
} TCPCharDriver;

static gboolean socket_reconnect_timeout(gpointer opaque);

static void qemu_chr_socket_restart_timer(CharDriverState *chr)
{
    TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    char *name;
    assert(s->connected == 0);
    s->reconnect_timer = g_timeout_add_seconds(s->reconnect_time,
                                               socket_reconnect_timeout, chr);
    name = g_strdup_printf("chardev-socket-reconnect-%s", chr->label);
    g_source_set_name_by_id(s->reconnect_timer, name);
    g_free(name);
}

static void check_report_connect_error(CharDriverState *chr,
                                       Error *err)
{
    TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    if (!s->connect_err_reported) {
        error_report("Unable to connect character device %s: %s",
                     chr->label, error_get_pretty(err));
        s->connect_err_reported = true;
    }
    qemu_chr_socket_restart_timer(chr);
}

static gboolean tcp_chr_accept(QIOChannel *chan,
                               GIOCondition cond,
                               void *opaque);

/* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
static int tcp_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    if (s->connected) {
        int ret =  io_channel_send_full(s->ioc, buf, len,
                                        s->write_msgfds,
                                        s->write_msgfds_num);

        /* free the written msgfds, no matter what */
        if (s->write_msgfds_num) {
            g_free(s->write_msgfds);
            s->write_msgfds = 0;
            s->write_msgfds_num = 0;
        }

        return ret;
    } else {
        /* XXX: indicate an error ? */
        return len;
    }
}

static int tcp_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
{
    CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
    TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    if (!s->connected)
        return 0;
    s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
    return s->max_size;
}

#define IAC 255
#define IAC_BREAK 243
static void tcp_chr_process_IAC_bytes(CharDriverState *chr,
                                      TCPCharDriver *s,
                                      uint8_t *buf, int *size)
{
    /* Handle any telnet client's basic IAC options to satisfy char by
     * char mode with no echo.  All IAC options will be removed from
     * the buf and the do_telnetopt variable will be used to track the
     * state of the width of the IAC information.
     *
     * IAC commands come in sets of 3 bytes with the exception of the
     * "IAC BREAK" command and the double IAC.
     */

    int i;
    int j = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < *size; i++) {
        if (s->do_telnetopt > 1) {
            if ((unsigned char)buf[i] == IAC && s->do_telnetopt == 2) {
                /* Double IAC means send an IAC */
                if (j != i)
                    buf[j] = buf[i];
                j++;
                s->do_telnetopt = 1;
            } else {
                if ((unsigned char)buf[i] == IAC_BREAK && s->do_telnetopt == 2) {
                    /* Handle IAC break commands by sending a serial break */
                    qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_BREAK);
                    s->do_telnetopt++;
                }
                s->do_telnetopt++;
            }
            if (s->do_telnetopt >= 4) {
                s->do_telnetopt = 1;
            }
        } else {
            if ((unsigned char)buf[i] == IAC) {
                s->do_telnetopt = 2;
            } else {
                if (j != i)
                    buf[j] = buf[i];
                j++;
            }
        }
    }
    *size = j;
}

static int tcp_get_msgfds(CharDriverState *chr, int *fds, int num)
{
    TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
    int to_copy = (s->read_msgfds_num < num) ? s->read_msgfds_num : num;

    assert(num <= TCP_MAX_FDS);

    if (to_copy) {
        int i;

        memcpy(fds, s->read_msgfds, to_copy * sizeof(int));

        /* Close unused fds */
        for (i = to_copy; i < s->read_msgfds_num; i++) {
            close(s->read_msgfds[i]);
        }

        g_free(s->read_msgfds);
        s->read_msgfds = 0;
        s->read_msgfds_num = 0;
    }

    return to_copy;
}

static int tcp_set_msgfds(CharDriverState *chr, int *fds, int num)
{
    TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;

    /* clear old pending fd array */
    g_free(s->write_msgfds);
    s->write_msgfds = NULL;
    s->write_msgfds_num = 0;

    if (!s->connected ||
        !qio_channel_has_feature(s->ioc,